VU 2017 Presentation7 007

An Effective Presentation
Shamim Ahmad (D.Engg.)

Professor, Dept. of CSE, RU
2
Objective of Presentation
● To Inform
● To Educate
● To Convince
● To Persuade
● To Lead to Action
● Marketing, Promotion,
● Social Events
3
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Fonts, Color, Background and Graphs
● Spelling and Grammar
● Speech Anxiety
● Opening, Closing and Time Management
● Time-Planning and Styles
● Question Answering and Conclusions
● Discussion
4
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Opening and Closing
● Discussion
5
Planning Your Presentation
What do you present? Why do you present?
How do you Who is your

Present? audience?
How Long do you present? Where do you present?

6
Place (Where)
● Small Conference room

● Big auditorium
● Big and long conference room
7
Audience (Who)
● Background
● Age
● Hobby
● Interest…
8
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Discussion
9
Slide Structure
●Why?
●What?
●How?
●Problem/pain
●Solution (your product or service)

●Call to action
10
Body Presentation Strategy
(Deductive Strategy)
● Deductive Strategy
– Speaker immediately presents the main idea,
provides the supporting detail, then recaps her main
idea.
– Usually used to present good news or routine
statements
● Example:
– Main Idea: My grant proposal was funded
– Detail: This means more money for research …
– Recap: Hard work is rewarded.
11
(Inductive Strategy)
● Speaker begins only by hinting at the main idea,

then presents details leading to the main idea
– usually from most easily acceptable details to more
“controversial” details
● After details the main idea is communicated
● Speaker concludes with recap
12
(Inductive Strategy)
● Example:
– Hint: We compliment your research efforts and would
like to explain some recent events – NSF funding was
cut, strategic direction was changed, .
– Main Idea: Although it was a good effort, we must pull
the funding from this line of research.
– Recap: You will need to switch directions of research.
13
Outline (Slide Structure)
● Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your

presentation
– Ex: previous slide
● Follow the order of your outline for the rest of
the presentation
● Only place main points on the outline slide
– Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points
14
Outline (Slide Structure)
● Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your

presentation
– Ex: previous slide
● Follow the order of your outline for the rest of
the presentation
● Only place main points on the outline slide
– Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points
15
Slide Structure – Good
● Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation

● Write in point form, not complete sentences
● Include 4-5 points per slide
● Avoid wordiness:
– use key words and phrases only
16
Slide Structure
●Lists should contain no more than 3 items:
●• Item 1
●• Item 2
●• Item 3
17
Slide Structure
Be generous with empty space.

Slide Structure
If you try to cram too much

into a slide, and place things
too close to the sides, they
can get cut off if you’re
using a poor projector. In
any case, the slide looks all
cluttered and junky.
Slide Structure - Bad
● This page contains too many words for a

presentation slide. It is not written in point
form, making it difficult both for your audience
to read and for you to present each point.
Although there are exactly the same number of
points on this slide as the previous slide, it
looks much more complicated. In short, your
audience will spend too much time trying to
read this paragraph instead of listening to you.
20
Slide Structure – Good
● Show one point at a time:

– Will help audience concentrate on what you are
saying
– Will prevent audience from reading ahead
– Will help you keep your presentation focused
21
Slide Structure - Bad
● Do not use distracting animation
● Do not go overboard with the animation
● Be consistent with the animation that you use
22
Slide Structure (Bad)
●If you try to cram too much

into a slide, and place things
too close to the sides, they
can get cut off if you’re
using a poor projector. In
any case, the slide looks all
cluttered and junky.
23
Slide Structure
●Try your best to include a

●simple image on every slide.
24
Slide Structure
●Limit the number of items on each slide.
●Each slide should make just

one or two points!
25
Slide Structure
●Don’t try to show too many slides.
●Often, less is more.
26
●Emk1
knockdown inhibits lumen formation in
MDCK cells:
RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in

MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with
P-SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid;
knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to
EMK1.
Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on

collagen I before being overlaid with additional
collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later.
Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO cultures.
Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated in

low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with pSUPER
or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were switched
to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission EM of cells
sectioned perpendicular to the substratum shows lack
of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.
27
●Let’s break down the previous slide
into its minimum essential components
28
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down in
MDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods
RT-PCR
Western
MDCK (kidney)cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down in
MDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods
RT-PCR
Western
MDCK cells
MDCK cells form a lumen
following a change in extracellular [Ca++ ]
MDCK cells
Surface view from lumen
Side view of lumen
gp135 β-catenin ZO-1

MDCK cells form a lumen
following a change in extracellular [Ca++ ]
MDCK cells
Surface view from lumen
Side view of lumen

Lumen formation is blocked
in EMK1 knockdown cells
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli

EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli

Style
Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:

Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Discussion
37
Fonts - Good
● Use at least an 18-point font

● Use different size fonts for main points and
secondary points
– 24-point, the main point font is
this font is
28-point, and the title font is 36-point
● Use a standard font like Times New Roman or
Arial
38
Fonts - Bad
● If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written
● CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT

IS DIFFICULT TO READ
● Don’t use a complicated font
39
What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font:

This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans.
This font is Papyrus.
Serif fonts take longer to read…
This font is Times New Roman.

This font is Courier.
This font is Didot.
40
Colour - Good
● Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with

the background
– Ex: blue font on white background
● Use colour to reinforce the logic of your

structure
– Ex: light blue title and dark blue text
● Use colour to emphasize a point
41
Colour - Bad
● Using a font colour that does not contrast with

the background colour is hard to read
● Using colour for decoration is distracting and
annoying.
● Using a different colour for each point is
unnecessary
– Using a different colour for secondary points is also
unnecessary
● Trying to be creative can also be bad
42
Background – Bad
● Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or

difficult to read from
● Always be consistent with the background that
you use
43
Light letters against a dark background also work.
Many experts feel that a dark blue or black
background works best for talks in a large room.
Dark letters against a light background are best
for smaller rooms and for teaching.
Color
Avoid red-green combinations because a

population is
significant fraction of the human
red-green colorblind.
Avoid red-green combinations because a large fraction
of the human population is red-green colorblind.
Lots of people can’t read this –

and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
Color
Other color combinations can be equally bad:

View your slides in grayscale to ensure that there is
adequate color contrast in each slide.
Graphs - Good
● Use graphs rather than just charts and words

– Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain
than is raw data
– Trends are easier to visualize in graph form
● Always title your graphs
51
Graphs - Bad
52
Graphs - Good
53
Graphs - Bad
54
Graphs - Bad
● Minor gridlines are unnecessary

● Font is too small
● Colors are illogical
● Title is missing
● Shading is distracting
55
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Discussion
56
Spelling and Grammar
● Proof your slides for:

– spelling mistakes
– the use of repeated words
– grammatical errors you might have make
57
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Opening, Closing
● Discussion
58
Speech Anxiety
● Symptoms of Speech Anxiety:
59
Speech Anxiety
● Skills Training
– Do practice your speech at home
– Do forget about forgetting

– Breathe slowly and deeply before/during speech
– Keep your body relaxed
60
Useful Tips and Tools to
Overcome Speech Anxiety
● Skills Training
– Do memorize your first and last few sentences
– Do divert your nervous energy into helpful gestures
and movements, do not repress your
nervousness
– Don’t mistake with a pencil, watch, or ring while you
speak
– Don’t speak too rapidly
61
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Discussion
62
Presentations – Opening and Closings
(What and How)
63
Good Openings
● Dramatic or Startling question

● Challenging statement
● Appropriate short quotation or
illustration
● Surprising generalization
● Exhibit – object, article, picture
● Personal story
64
Poor Openings
● Long or slow-moving quotation

● Self introduction
● Apologetic statement
● Story, joke or anecdote which does not connect
to the theme
● Statement of your objective
65
Good Closings
● Call or an appeal for definite action

● Appropriate short quotation or illustration
● Exhibit – an object, article, picture
● Personal challenge
66
Tips to be Covered
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Question Answering, Conclusions, Discussion
67
The structure of a good talk: start broad,
get specific, and end broad
Time Management Planning

How many slides to be shown
●10?
●20?
●30?
●50?
●100?
●How many do you want?

●How many do you really need?
●How much time do you have?

Start with the biggest questions and

get progressively more specific
A powerful tool in a talk is a “home slide”
Design and introduce a “home slide” that you’ll come

back to at each major transition in your talk.
…but talks are delivered to audiences
with limited attention spans
Audience attention curve

●…but
talks are delivered to audiences
with limited attention spans
Audience attention increases as you signal
the end of the talk – so avoid false endings!
Audience attention curve

End with the most specific conclusions

then build back out to the “big picture”
Presentation Delivery
(Transfer of Messages)
Albert Mehrabian,
a well-known communication theorist
● Body language 55 %
● Tone of voice 38%
● Actual words 7%
77
Eye Contact
Keep Moving
Uncertainty About
the Material
■ Try to structure your talk so that you

Understand clearly
■ If you have to address something important that you
are unsure of
❑ Acknowledge the gap in your understanding
■ “I’m working on it” or “I’m looking into it”
❑ This is better than being pressed to admit something
❑ Also it may very well be an open question
■ Another way to handle this is to raise it as a
question yourself
●80
www.rscni.ac.uk/.../netmanage/networkindex.htm
Minor Interruptions
During Your Presentation
■ Don’t look irritated or rushed

■ Answer – briefly
■ A question that you will answer later in your talk?
❑ Say “Good point; just wait two slides”
■ Requires a long answer and is not critical understanding?
❑ Say “Good point; I’ll come back to it at the end of the talk.”
●81
Running Out of “He
cannot speak
well that cannot hold
Time his tongue”
Thomas Fuller, 1732, Gnomologia
■ Avoid this – impolite to other speakers and

the audience: if it happens …
❑ Do not assume that you can carry on past your
time
❑ Do not skip all of your slides looking for the right one to put
on next
❑ Conclude – on time wherever you are in your talk -- by
making your main points
http://www.cs.aau.dk/~luca/SLIDES/howtotalk-ru.pdf
http://www.fw.msu.edu/orgs/gso/documents/GSOWorkshopD
●82
ocsSp2006/CairnsSpeakingAtLength.pdf
Tips to be Covered
● Outlines
● Planning
● Slide Structure
● Speech Anxiety
● Time Management and Related Issues
● Discussion
83
Questions and Answers
■ Questions after your talk can be difficult but they
definitely help you in writing up your research
❑
■ You can repeat the question

❑ This gives you time to think
❑ The rest of the audience may not have heard the
question
❑ Also if you heard the question incorrectly, it
presents an opportunity for clarification
http://www.erp.wisc.edu/profdev/Talkhandout05.doc
http://www.firekills.gov.uk/seniors/cool/howstart/images/howstart.gif
●84
Questions and Answers,
continued
■ Don’t say that a question is bad, or that you

addressed it already
❑
■ Never demean the question or questioner

❑
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/ato/lowres/aton893l.jpg
●85
Difficult Questions
■ Anticipate typical questions and prepare for them

❑ Methodological bias? Uncertainties? Exceptions? Priorities?
■ Still concerned about questions?
❑ Make extra slides – perhaps on details of instrumentation or
methodology
http://www.regislasvegas.org/images/class-pic-hand-raised.jpg
●86
Difficult Questions, continued
■ If you really don't know the answer
❑ Say "Interesting, I will look into that" or “That’s a good point, let’s
discuss it afterwards”
❑ Don't feel that you have to invent an answer on the fly -- you are
only human and you can't have thought of everything
■ If the questioner disagrees with you and it

looks like there will be an argument then defuse the
situation
❑ "We clearly don't agree on this point, let's go on to other
questions and you and I can talk about this later"
●87
Conclusions
● Planning
– Why, What, Who, How,
– How long and Where
● Slide Structure
– Deductive OR Inductive
– Ordering and Organization
– Space
88
Conclusions
● Fonts, Color, Background and

Graphs
– Clear fonts, Graphs
– Color contrast
● Speech Anxiety
– Practice and Practice
89
Conclusions
● Opening
– Indirect opening, Broader scope
● Time Management and Others
– Do In Time
– Eye Contact
● Conclusions
– Summarize
90
Final Remarks
• Popular Myth: Content is everything. Style is

unimportant and enthusiasm is offensive
• Mehrabian, a communication theorist, showed

that
– Body language and tone of voice together supply
93% of the overall message impact
– Actual words only supply 7% of the overall
impact
?

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An Effective Presentation

Shamim Ahmad (D.Engg.)

What do you present? Why do you present?

How do you Who is your

How Long do you present? Where do you present?

● Small Conference room

●Solution (your product or service)

● Speaker begins only by hinting at the main idea,

● Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your

● Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your

● Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation

●Lists should contain no more than 3 items:

Be generous with empty space.

If you try to cram too much

● This page contains too many words for a

● Show one point at a time:

● Do not use distracting animation

● Do not go overboard with the animation

● Be consistent with the animation that you use

●If you try to cram too much

●Try your best to include a

●Limit the number of items on each slide.

●Each slide should make just

●Don’t try to show too many slides.

●Often, less is more.

RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in

Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on

Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated in

Surface view from lumen

Side view of lumen

gp135 β-catenin ZO-1

Surface view from lumen

Side view of lumen

gp135 β-catenin ZO-1

MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

gp135 β-catenin ZO-1

MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:

● Use at least an 18-point font

● CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT

● Don’t use a complicated font

Use a Sans Serif font:

This font is Times New Roman.

● Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with

● Use colour to reinforce the logic of your

● Using a font colour that does not contrast with

● Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or

Avoid red-green combinations because a

Lots of people can’t read this –

Other color combinations can be equally bad:

● Use graphs rather than just charts and words

● Always title your graphs

● Minor gridlines are unnecessary

● Proof your slides for:

– Do forget about forgetting

● Dramatic or Startling question

● Long or slow-moving quotation

● Call or an appeal for definite action

Time Management Planning

●How many do you want?

●How much time do you have?

Start with the biggest questions and