QCVN 09-2015 Final in ENGLISH

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
QCVN 09 : 2015/BGTVT
National technical regulation

on safety and environmental protection for automobiles
HA NOI - 2015
QCVN 09: 2015/BGTVT
Preamble
QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT is compiled by Vietnam Register, submitted by

Department of Science and Technology and issued by Ministry of Transport
pursuant to Circular No. 87 /2015/TT-BGTVT dated 31-12-2015.
QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT replaces QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION QCVN 09 : 2015/BGTVT
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION

ON SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR AUTOMOBILES
1. GENERAL REGULATION
1.1. Adjustment Scope

This regulation defines the requirements to check the quality of technical safety and
environmental protection for types of motor vehicle which were manufactured,
assembled and imported defined in TCVN 6211 "Road vehicles - Types - Terms and
definitions" and TCVN 7271 “Road vehicles - Motor vehicles - Classification in purpose
of use" (hereafter called the vehicle).
1.2. Scope
This regulation is applied for all establishments that manufacture, assemble and import
vehicles, vehicle parts and for agencies, organizations, individuals concerned to the
management, inspection, testing and certification of quality, technical safety and
environmental protection for vehicles and parts.
1.3. Word interpretation
1.3.1. Dimension definitions are defined at TCVN 6528 “Road vehicles – Dimensions of
vehicles and tolled vehicles – Term and definition”.
1.3.2. Mass definitions are defined at TCVN 6529 “Road vehicles – Mass – Term
definition and code”.
1.3.3. Articulated bus: Vehicles have at least two firm wagons, which are connected
together by rotated joints. Passengers can move to other wagon. Connection or removing
the wagons can be implemented in the workshops only.
1.3.4. Double-Deck Vehicles: Vehicles have double deck using to carry passengers
on both decks.
1.3.5. Seat other driver’s seat: the seat for passengers but not for the driver.
1.3.6. Individual Seat: is designed and manufactured for only one passenger.
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1.3.7. Double Seat: is designed and manufactured suitably for two passengers sitting
next to each other. Two adjacent seats without being linked together are regarded as two
single seats.
1.3.8. Bench Seat: is designed with suitable frame structure and cushion for two
passengers or more.
1.3.9. Seat-Back: is a part of seat that is designed vertically to support the back,
shoulders and head of passengers.
1.3.10. Seat-Cushion: is a part of seat that is designed horizontally to support

passengers to seat.
1.3.11. Head restraint: is a part with function of limiting the head to move back
comparing with the body to decrease dangerous level of trauma for neck vertebra of
passengers when happening accidents.
1.3.11.1. Integrated head restraint: is a head restraints that were formed by the upper
part of the seat back. The kind of head restraints are suitable with definitions in
sections 1.3.11.2 and 1.3.11.3 but only remove out of seat or vehicle structure by tools
or by removing part by part or all of seats are considered as integrated head restraint.
1.3.11.2. Detachable head restraint: is a head restraints that were formed by the part
that can be detached from the seat. It is designed to assemble combination with back-
seat and/or kept tightly with back-seat.
1.3.11.3. Separate head restraint: is a head restraints that were formed by the part
that was separated from the seat. It is designed to assemble combination with vehicle
structure and/or kept tightly with vehicle structure.
1.3.12. Gangway: the space for passengers traveling from any seat or row of seats to
any different ones or aisle to access through any service door. It does not include:
+ The space for the passengers to set foot on when sitting.
+ The space above the surface of any step or stair of the up and down door.
+ Any space to access a seat or a row of seats
1.3.13. Service door: the door for passengers to use in normal conditions when the
driver sits at the driver's seat.
1.3.14. Single door: the door for one or equivalent with one access.
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1.3.15. Double door: the door for two or equivalent with two accesses.
1.3.16. Emergency door: the door for passengers to use as unusual exit and
especially only use in case of emergency, it does not include service d o o r .
1.3.17. Emergency window: the window for passengers to use only in case of
emergency (this window is not necessarily glazed).
1.3.18. Emergency exit: emergency door, emergency window, escape hatch
1.3.19. Single axle: consists of only one axle
1.3.20. Tandem axle group: is a group of tow axles with the distance between two
axle centers is not over 2 meters.
1.3.21. Tri-axle group: is a group of three axles with the distance between two
outermost axles center is not over 3.2 meters.
1.3.22. Steering axle: the axle that assembled structure to control the wheel to
change the movement direction of the vehicle and is controlled by the driver.
1.3.23. Twin Steer axle group: is a group of two leading axles with the single tire
that have distance between two centers no longer than 2 meters. These axles are
linked to one steering gear to control leading wheels.
1.3.24. Lift axle: the axle assembled with structure and device that can adjust that
axle load or the driver can control lo lift the wheels on the road surface.
1.3.25. Self-steering axle: the axle that can itself adjust direction of the wheels
following movement of the vehicle by mechanical structure or control system.
1.3.26. Motor vehicle category symbols are mentioned in TCVN 8658 "Road vehicles
- Motor vehicle category symbol”
1.3.27. The terms regarding lighting and light-signaling devices on motor vehicles are
defined in TCVN 6978 “Road vehicles - Installation of lighting and light-signaling
devices on motor vehicles”
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2. TECHNICAL REGULATION
2.1. General requirements
2.1.1. Basic specifications
2.1.1.1. Allowable limit dimensions
a) Length:
+ Length: No longer than limit value specified in Table 1.

Table 1 – Regulated overall length for vehicle
No. Type of vehicle Maximum length (m)

Total weight of no more than 5
5,0
tons
02 axles Total weight of from 5 – 10 tons 6,0
1 Dumpers Total weight of 10 tons or higher 7,0
Total 3 axles 7,8
Total 4axles 9,3
Total 5 axles 10,
2 Articulated bus 2
20,
3 Others 0
12,
2
b) Width: no wider than 2.5m.
c) Height:
- No higher than 4.2 m for double-decker bus;
- No higher than 4.0 m for others.
Besides, for vehicles with gross weight of no more than 5 tons, their height,
excludes overhang of equipment installed on special vehicles such as antenna, cell
station…without impact to the stability of vehicle specified at TCVN 6211, has to
satisfy following conditions:
Hmax ≤1,75 W T
In which:
Hmax - Maximum allowable height of vehicle (Figure 1);

W T - The distance between the exposed spot centers of the two rear wheels
with the road surface, in case of single wheel in rear axle (Figure 1a);
or:
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- The distance between the exposed spot centers of the two outer rear
wheels with the road surface, in case of double wheels in rear axle
(Figure 1b).
d) Rear overhang (ROH) is the distance between vertical plane crossing the center
line of the axle group (ROH line) and the rearmost point of the vehicle. It has to satisfy
the following requirements:
- No more than 65% of basic length (Lcs) for bus (basic length of articulated bus
measured for first carriage)
- No more than 60% of basic length (Lcs) for truck
In which: Basic length (Lcs) is horizontal distance from ROH line to center of the
most front axle; ROH line is defined under the principles as follow:
 If there is a single axle at the rear of the vehicle, ROH line is the center line of
that rear axle;
 If there is dual axle cluster at the rear of the vehicle (not leading axle) and each
axle has equal number of tires, ROH line crosses the point between the two axle
centers.
 If there is three-axle cluster at the rear of the vehicle, ROH line is the line
crossing the center of the middle axle.
 If the rear axles is leading axle, self- steering axle, lift axle combined with
other axle (not leading axle), ROH line is considered based on not leading axle s.
The ways to define basic length (Lcs), ROH line of specific cases is referred to the
Table 2 and Figure 2 as below.
Figure 1a. Figure 1b.

Figure 1 - Maximum allowable height of vehicle with gross weight of no more
than 5 tons
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e) Ground clearance: no less than 120 mm (except for specialized vehicles). For
vehicle with ground clearance can be adjusted, the ground clearance is measured at
maximum value.
Group of three axles use

D Suspension system that can adjust and
self-steer
ROH Line
ROH Line
Lcs ROH Lcs ROH
ROH Line
Lcs ROH
Figure 2 –Some ways to define wheel base (Lcs) and rear overhang (ROH)
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Table 2. Principles for defining ROH line
No. Principles for defining ROH line Description

1 If there is a single axle at the rear of the vehicle, ROH line
ROH line is the center line of that rear axle.
2 If there is dual axle cluster at the rear of the vehicle ROH line
(not leading axle) and each axle has equal number
of tires, ROH line crosses the point between the two
axle centers.
3 If there is a dual axle cluster at the rear of the vehicle ROH line
(not leading axles) and there is one axle with two or
more tires differing from the other, ROH line
crosses the point which is 2/3 of distance from
center of axle with less tires to center of axle with
more tires.
4 If there is three-axle cluster at the rear of the vehicle ROH line
(not leading axle) and all axles are assembled equal D/2
D/2
number of tires, ROH line is the line crossing the D
center of the middle axle.
5 If there is a leading axle at the rear of the vehicle ROH line

and an axle (not leading axle), ROH line is the
center line of the axle which is not leading axle.
Leading axle Not leading axle
Self-steering axle
6 If there are one or two leading axles at the rear of ROH line
vehicle and two others (not leading axles), ROH line
Not leading axle Leading axle Or self-steering axle
crosses the point between two centers of axles
which are not leading axles.
7 If there are one or two lift axles at the rear of vehicle

ROH line Lift axle
along with one or more axles (not lift axles), ROH
line crosses the point between centers of the axles
which are not lift axles.
8 If there are 04 axles and the number of tires is the same for each axle.
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Not leading axle
- Without leading axle: ROH line
- With leading axle :
ROH line
1
0
Leading Leading
axle axle
ROH line
Leading Leading
axle axle
ROH line
Leading
axle
2.1.1.2. Maximum permitted weight distributed on the axle:

+ For single axle: 10 tons.
+ For double axle depending on distance (d) between centers of the 2 axles:
d < 1,0 m: 11 tons;
1,0 ≤ d < 1,3 m: 16 tons;
d ≥ 1,3 m: 18 tons.
+ For three-axle cluster (3 axles), it depends on the smallest distance d of two
adjacent axle centers:
d ≤ 1,3 m: 21 tons;
d > 1,3 m: 24 tons;
2.1.1.3. Maximum allowable total weight:
Maximum allowed total weight of vehicles has to satisfy the following regulations as
the below Table 3:
Table 3 – Maximum allowed total weight
Maximum allowed total

TT Vehicle type weight (tons)
1 Vehicle with total of 2 axles 16
4 Vehicle with total of 5 axles or more
4.1 Vehicle with distance from the first axle center to

the last axle center ≤ 7 meters 32
4.2 Vehicle with distance from the first axle center to

the last axle center >7 meters 34
2.1.2. Other requirements

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2.1.2.1. Vehicle and parts in the vehicle must be conformed for regulations of right-
hand traffic.
2.1.2.2. Weight distribution on steering axle (or steering axles) must satisfy following
requirements in both cases of no load vehicle and full load vehicle (for articulated bus,
this percentage is defined for the first carriage):
- No less than 25% for bus (except for urban bus).
- No less than 20% for the others.
2.1.2.3. Horizontal stable static angle of no load vehicle should be no less than:
+ 28° for double-decker bus;
+ 30° for vehicle with gross weight not more than 1.2 time of kerb weight;
+ 35° for remained vehicles.
2.1.2.4. All systems, components of vehicles must ensure specifications during

operating on road in all normal conditions.
2.1.2.5. The passenger cars, truck (group of truck) which assembling fuel tank with
liquid fuel must meet the requirements specified in QCVN 52
:2013/BGTVT “Nation technical regulation on safety structure regard to the prevention of
fire risk of vehicle” or regulation UNECE No.34 “Uniform provisions concerning the
approval of vehicle with regard to the prevention of fire risks” with version equal or above.
2.1.2.6. For bus with the gross weight of over 5 tons and allowable passengers of 22
passengers or more, materials used in interior structure must meet the requirements
specified in QCVN 53:2013/BGTVT “National Technical Regulation on safety
requirement regard to prevention of fire risk of materials used in the interior structure of
motor vehicles” or regulation UNECE No.118 “Uniform technical prescriptions
concerning the burning behavior and/or the capability to repel fuel or lubricant of
materials used in the construction of certain categories of motor vehicles” with version
equal or above.
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2.1.2.7. Passenger weight is certified by manufacturer but it is not lower than
65kg/person (in which included 3kg hand-baggage).
2.1.2.8. Allowable number of passengers (included driver, sub-driver) (N) on the bus
in any case must satisfy following requirements:
N ≤ (Gtbmax - Go - L* V)/
Gn in which:
Gtbmax = Maximum allowable gross weight (is maximum vehicle weight defined by
competent authority) (kg);
Go = Weight of no load vehicle (kg);
L = Specific weight of luggage is measured by the volume of boot (kg/m3) (L =

100 kg/m3);
V = Total volume (m3) of boot (if any);
Gn = Calculation weight for one
person;
2.1.2.9. Chassis number (Vehicle identification number - VIN): Vehicle must be

marked with chassis number of the same content and structure as vehicle
identification number (VIN), unless those are manufactured, assembled from vehicles
having chassis number (or VIN). Chassis number should satisfy following
requirements:
- Location and attachment of chassis number must satisfy requirements on location,

attachment of VIN and satisfy requirements specified in TCVN 6580: “Road vehicles
− Vehicle identification number (VIN) − Location and attachment”.
- Content and structure of vehicle identification number must satisfy requirements

specified in TCVN 6578 “Road vehicles - Vehicle identification number (VIN) – Content
and structure”. The tenth character of chassis number must indicate the year of
manufacturing of vehicle (the year that vehicle was manufactured, assembled in solar
calendar).
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2.2. Engine and transmission system
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QCVN 09: 2015/BGTVT
2.2.1. Engine power must be not lower than 7.5 KW per a ton of gross weight. (Except
for special-purpose vehicles, vehicles using electricity and other ones with gross weight
is 30 tons and more).
2.2.2. When conducting road test in full loaded condition, on dry road, vehicles (except
special purpose vehicles) must be satisfied following requirements:
2.2.2.1. Acceleration time from the departure to the completion of 200 meters satisfies
the following conditions:
t ≤ 20 + 0,4G
In which:
t - Acceleration time from the departure to the completion of 200 meters (unit: s)
G – Gross vehicle weight (unit: ton)
2.2.2.2. The maximum speed is not less than 60km/h.
2.2.3. In conditions of full load and dry road, when running in the forward direction, the
vehicles must cross sloping with slope of 20% (12% for articulated bus). When testing
of crossing sloping, engine and transmission system must operate normally.
2.3. Wheels
2.3.1. Structure is rigid and assembled to meet fixed standards.
2.3.2. Tires on the same axle of vehicles should be the same type. Tires should be
enough in quantity, pressure, specification (size, speed category (velocity) and load
capacity index (weight)) should be satisfied with specifications document, designing
documents of vehicles.
Tires used for each kind of vehicles should meet the requirements specified in QCVN
34:2011/BGTVT “National technical regulation on pneumatic tires for automobiles” or in
UNECE 30 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of pneumatic tires for Motor
vehicle and their trailer” or in UNECE No.54 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval
of pneumatic tires for commercial vehicles and their trailers”, equivalent or higher version.
2.3.3. Vehicles should be equipped with wheel guards at wheels or group axle of wheel.
These can be made up of parts of body, mudguards or other similar parts and they must
meet the following requirements:
- The width of wheel guards must cover all the w h e e l s .
- For M1 vehicle, the distance between the lowest point of last wheel guards and
the longitudinal median plane of the center axle must less than 150mm. For other
vehicles, clearance from rearmost wheel guards, including the mudguard (if equipped)
to the road surface must be less than 230 m m.
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2.3.4. For vehicles with spare tires, the lifting mechanism (if any) shall not be arranged
on the left side in forward direction of vehicles
2.3.5. Light alloy wheels installed on cars, trucks with maximum gross weight less than
3.5 tons must meet the requirements specified in QCVN78:2014/ BGTVT "National
technical regulations on light alloy wheels for automobiles ” or in UNECE No.124
“Uniform provisions concerning the approval of wheels for passenger cars and their
trailer”, equivalent or higher version.
2.4. Steering system
2.4.1. Must ensure the accuracy of turning, easy control, and safety in every condition of
speed and load within permitted vehicle technical specifications.
2.4.2. The Steering wheels must be able to maintain the straight direction when vehicle
go straight; and must be able to return itself to straight position when the driver stops to
turn the steering wheel.
2.4.3. When operating, the movement structures of the steering system must not crash
with any parts of vehicles such as chassis, body.
2.4.4. Steering wheel when turning should not be obstructed by driver's dress or facilities.
2.4.5. When turning steering-wheel to the right and left side, there must not be the
significant difference in the force on the steering-wheel.
2.4.6. Steering-gear backlash:
+ Cars, buses with 12 seats, including the driver seat, trucks with load up to
1500 kg: no higher than 100.
+ Other types of vehicles: no higher than 150.
2.4.7. Side slip of leading wheel is no more than 5 mm/m.
2.4.8. Minimum turning radius on the front tread of the outside front wheel is no more
than 12m.
2.5. Brake system
2.5.1. Vehicles must be equipped with main brake system and parking brake.
2.5.2. Actuators of main brake and parking brake systems must be independent with
each other. Actuator of main brake must be 2 lines or more type. Main brake system
must be installed on all wheels.
2.5.3. There is no leakage of brake fluid or compressed air. There is no crack on brake
hose, pipe. It must be fixed firmly.
2.5.4. Mechanic devices of brake and parking brake systems must work actively and
properly. Free play of brake pedal should comply with manufacturer's specification.
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2.5.5. Main brake system must be designed, installed to ensure the driver can operate it
when both their hands still holding the steering wheel
2.5.6. When using, parking brake system must maintain operations without a
continuous force of the driver.
2.5.7. Main brake system using compressed air must be satisfied following requirements:
+ All valves must operate normally;

+ After 8 times pressing to main brake pedal, air pressure in the tank is not
decreasing more than 392 kPa. The test must implement in accordance with following
requirement:
- The initial energy level (pressure of compressed air) in pressure tank is

determined by the manufacturer. It must reach the level to obtain the defined brake
efficiency of main brake system;
- The pressure tank should not be charged during the test. In addition, the
pressure tank should be separated for main brake and auxiliary equipment.
2.5.8. Efficiency of main brake system
2.5.8.1. Efficiency of main brake system when being tested on brake tester:
+ Testing mode: unloaded vehicles (one driver);
+ Total braking force is no less than 50% of kerb vehicle;
+ Difference between brake forces on RH wheel and LH wheel of the same axle
KSL = (PFlớn - PFnhỏ).100%/PFlớn

KSL must not be higher than 25%.
In which:
KSL: Difference between brake forces on
an axle;
PFlớn: Great braking force;

PFnhỏ: Small braking force.
2.5.8.2. Efficiency of main brake system when being tested on road:
+ When testing no load (one driver):
- Testing on flat, dry paved road, adhesive coefficient  is not lower than 0.6;
- Brake efficient is evaluated by any one of two indicators are brake distance
SP or maximum deceleration J Pmax when testing in unloaded condition. These are
stipulated at Table 4;
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- When braking, vehicle is not out of testing corridor. It is stipulated at Table
4:
Table 4 - Efficiency of main brake when testing no load
Maximum
Initial speed Braking braking Braking
Vehicle type when braking distance (m) acceleration corridor (m)
(km/h)
(m/s2)
Passenger Cars 50 ≤ 19 ≥ 6,2 2,5
Truck, vehicle carrying
passengers with GVW 50 ≤ 21 ≥ 5,8 2,5
not more than 3.5 tons
Others 30 ≤9 ≥ 5,4 3,0
+ When testing full load:
- Test on asphalt road or flat and dry concrete road, coefficient of cohesion
is no less than 0.6;
- Braking efficiency (be assessed by one of two criteria: braking distance S P

or maximum braking acceleration JPmax), when testing full load, is regulated in Table
5
- When braking, vehicle is not out of testing corridor. It is stipulated at Table 5
Table 5 - Efficiency of service brake when testing full load
Maximum
Initial speed Braking braking Testing
Vehicle type when braking distance (m) acceleration corridor (m)
(km/h) (m/s2)
Passenger Cars 50 ≤ 20 ≥ 5,9 2,5
Truck, vehicle carrying
passengers with GVW 50 ≤ 22 ≥ 5,4 2,5
not more than 3.5 tons
Others (1) 30 ≤ 10 ≥ 5,0 3,0
Remark: (1)Not apply this requirement for semi-trailer towing vehicle
2.5.9. Efficiency of parking brake:
+ Testing mode: No load vehicles (one driver);
+ Parking brake efficient is evaluated by any one of two indicators as follows :

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- Total parking brake force is not lower than 16% of kerb weight when testing
on braking tester; or
- Testing vehicle can stop at slope 20% (on both direction : up and down
slope), on flat, dry paved road, adhesive coefficient  is not lower than 0.6.
2.5.10. Sleeper bus must be equipped with ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
2.6. Suspension system
2.6.1 Withstand the loaded weight, enough durability, operate smoothly.

2.6.2. Parts or component of system are installed properly and securely, and ensure
vehicle's stability. There is not leakage of pressured air (for pressured air suspension
system), hydraulic oil (for hydraulic shockabsobers).
2.6.3. Privated oscillated frequency of suspending devices of vehicles carrying
passengers in full loading condition, which is certified in accordance with method
stipulated at Appendix 1), is not more than 2.5 Hz.
2.7. Fuel system
2.7.1. Requirements for gasoline fuel system or diesel fuel system
2.7.1.1 Fuel filter and breath hole of fuel tank must be satisfied following requirements:
+ There is no leakage of fuel;
+ Located in position has distance to the end of exhaust pipe at least 300mm and
distance to switches and unsealed wire harness connectors at least 200mm;
+ Should not be located in passenger or luggage compartment.
2.7.1.2 Fuel pipe/hose are made of proper materials. It is not to be damaged by using
fuel type of vehicle.
2.7.1.3 Fuel pipe/hose (except soft pipe/hose) must be fixed securely by clamps and
distance between two next clamps is not higher than 1000mm.
2.7.2. Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) system
2.7.2.1. General requirements:
- All parts must be properly positioned and clamped reliably;
- LPG must not be leaked;
- No part of LPG system protrudes from the outer surface of vehicles except for
the air intakes that may be protruded less than 10 mm;
- Parts of the LPG system are 100mm or more far from muffler or analogous
heat source unless these parts are appropriately insulated;
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QCVN 09: 2015/BGTVT
2.7.2.2. Requirements for LPG tank: as defined in Section 1, Appendix 2.
2.7.3. Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) system
2.7.3.1 General requirements:
- All parts must be properly positioned and clamped reliably;
- CNG must not be leaked;
- No part of CNG system protrudes from the outer surface of vehicles except
for the air intakes that may be protruded less than 10 mm;
- Parts of CNG system are 100mm or more far from muffler or analogous heat
source unless these parts are appropriately insulated;
- All parts of CNG system which are installed at luggage compartment must
be covered by air-tight sheathing;
- Vent of air-tight sheathing must be opened with outside environment, not

orientate to the wheel arch or heat sources as muffler.
2.7.3..2. Requirements for CNG tank: as defined in Section 2, Appendix 2.
2.8. Electrical system
2.8.1. Wire harness must be shielded. They must be able to withstand temperature and
wet condition, especially wire harness in the engine compartment. Wire harness must
be protected and firmly secured on car body to avoid damage caused by shearing,
grinding or rubbing.
2.8.2. Connectors and power switches must be insulated.
2.8.3. Battery must be firmly secured. Battery compartment must not connect to the
passenger and driver compartment, must be open to the outside.
2.9. Chassis and body
2.9.1. Chassis and body must be installed firmly ;
2.9.2. Cargo rack must not be located on roof of all kinds of buses. Luggage racks in
the passenger compartment (if any) must be solid in structure, prevent luggage from
falling out and abilities of force withstand is no less than 40kG/m2.
2.9.3. Trucks, specialized vehicles, trailers and truck tractors with total weight of 8
tons or more must be installed side guards on both sides of vehicle and satisfy following
conditions:
+ The distance from the beginning of side guard to the front wheels (or other
specialized structures like strut of the truck fitted with crane, control structure of
concrete pump trucks ...) and the maximum distance between the ends of side guard
to the rear wheels must be 400 mm;
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+ The maximum distance from the lowest edge of the side guard to the road surface
must be 500 mm;
+ The upper edge of the side guard mustn’t not less than 700 mm measuring from
the ground surface. If the gap between the vehicle body and the road surface is less
than 700 mm, there is no need to install side guards.
2.9.4. There mustn’t be sharp edges or protruding parts on vehicle body, which
endangers traffic participants. This requirement may not apply to some special
vehicles.
2.10. Coupling device
Connecting, dragging equipment must be installed firmly. Check and brake must not
be automatic. Safety chain or cable (if any) must be firm.
2.11. Driving compartment
2.11.1. Control, indicators and working signal

2.11.1..1 The mechanism, equipment and control switches listed below (if any) must
be installed within the limits of two parallel planes with the longitudinal median plane
of the vehicle, being away from the centerline 500 mm on both sides and ensure that
the drivers can identify, control them easily from the driver:
+ The mechanism, engine control devices and transmission systems such as starter
switch; ignition timing control; fuel injection timing; acceleration pedal; clutch;
transmission, etc.;
+ Brake controls mechanism;
+ The control mechanism of systems of headlamp, horn, turn signal lamps, washer,
windscreen wiper and window heating;
2.11.1.2. The mechanism of the engine control and transmission system (except starter
switch, acceleration pedal, the control devices of transmission system such as clutch,
transmission, etc.) as well as controls related to lighting system as lights, horn, washer,
windscreen wiper and window heating have recognizable symbols located near the
controls so that the drivers can easily identify related control mechanism. The control
mechanism of turn signal lamps should have recognizable symbols in order the drivers
can easily identify the operating position in each direction indicated by the turn signal
lamps.
2.11.1.3. The speedometer, indicators showing the operational status of the turn signal
lamps, headlamps, fuel system, engine coolant, lubricator, braking system and battery
charging system, etc. must be located in positions so that the drivers can easily
identify and see them both in the daytime and low light condition.
2.11.2. Return spring structure of accelerator pedal, brake, and clutch (if any) must
ensure to bring the pedal back to original position by themselves when diver no longer
applies force.
2.11.3. Must have symbols to easily realize positions of gear.
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2.11.4. Vehicles equipped by automatic transmission does not allow to start the
engine while lever is driven position or reverse position. In case of gear shift lever is
installed on the drive axle, rotation direction of the lever from neutral position to forward
speed must be clockwise
2.11.5. Arrangement seats in driver’s compartment must meet following requirements :
+ Driver’s seat must satisfy requirements in 2.12;

+ Seat-cushion width and the depth of passenger seats must meet following
requirements in 2.14.2
+ If there are 2 seat rows in driver’s compartment, the gap (L) between the first
and the second seat row is not less than 630 mm (Figure 5);
+ Arranging seat in driver’s compartment must not affect to driving ability of driver
and enough space for sitting people take their foot on floor;
+ In all cases, number of people sitting in driver’s compartment of truck must be not
more than 6
2.12. Driver’s seat (Driver seat)
2.12.1. Driver seat must installed in order to ensure vision of driver so that he can
drive vehicle.
2.12.2. Driver seat must have enough space for the driver to operate control device
easily. Eccentricity between driver seat and drive axle must not affect on vehicle driving
ability of driver and not more than 40 mm. The depth and width of back- cushion must
be not less than 400 mm.
2.12.3. Driver seat of passenger vehicles must be able to adjust along the vehicle,
seat-back must be able to adjust tilt.
2.13. Passenger‘s compartment (Passenger compartment)
2.13.1. Must be designed to ensure safety when operating
2.13.2. For the passenger compartment without air-conditioner, ventilation must

ensure as follows :
+ When vehicle moves with speed of 30 km/h, air speed at the equal position to
passenger head is not less than 3 m/s;
+ The air vents must be able to adjust air discharge
2.13.3. Gangway
20
Figure 3 – Gangway
2.13.3.1 Gangway of bus with over 16 seats must have effective width and height of
no less than 300 mm and 1700mm respectively. Space of gangway must be designed
and structured to allow moving a gauge consisting of two concentric cylinders and a
reverse truncated cone linking them. Cylinder dimensions are specified as in Figure 3.
In case buses are allowed to fit folding-seats on the gangway, it will be measured in
the status which the seats are folded.
2.13.3..2 Steps can be fixed on the gangway and have width equal to the width of
gangway and meet the requirements listed in Table 7 and Figure 6.
2.13.4. Except for city bus, other one kinds mustn’t have foothold
2.13.5. Particular requirements for buses with sleepers
2.13.5.1 Sleepers must be fitted reliably and arranged along the moving direction of
buses; each sleeper only for one person and must have the seatbelt which meets the
requirements specified in Section 2.16.
2.13.5.2 Sleepers have structures so that when setting mattress or using, they can
form a flat surface; Sleepers are arranged to ensure enough space for users to be able
to go out or come in a convenient way and must satisfy the dimensions described in
Figure 4.
21
Bus
C2
Forward direction of bus

C1
Figure 4 - Arrangement of sleepers on buses
In which:
+ Distance between two beds D1 ≥ 1650 mm;

+ Width of the mattress R1 ≥ 480 mm;
+ Width of gangway R2 ≥ 400 mm; Must check gap of the gangway by moving a
mm cylinder caliber gauge with height of cylinder as description in Figure 3.
+ C1 ≥ 750 mm;
+ C2 ≥ 780 mm.
2.13.5.3. Chassis of sleepers in the positions of exposing or being able to cause injury
to passengers must be made of suitable rounded materials without sharp edges or
strikes which is potentially dangerous to users.
2.13.5.4 The thickness of the mattress is not smaller than 75 mm
2.13.5.5 Must arrange along way between rows of sleeper. Number of sleeper floors
arranged in the passenger compartment of the same row are no more than 2 floors.
2.13.5.6. Do not arrange seats for passengers on sleeper buses, excluding the
driver's seat and one seat of the guide (if any).
2.13.5.7. Ladders must be equipped to reach the upper sleeper easily. Ladders must
be firm and properly secured on the cars to ensure safety when using. Height of the
22
first step from the floor must be in the range of 250 mm to 350 mm and the height of
remaining steps shall not exceed 250 mm. At least one handle is arranged at the
appropriate height along with ladder to easily climb the upper sleepers. Handles must
be rounded without any sharp edge.
2.13.5.8. Sleepers must include parts, structures in order to protect passengers from
falling out of sleeper berth when car is moving (call barrier). This barrier must
23
Have firm structure, minimum height of 200 mm measured from the highest point of
beg (at each measured point). Barriers are not be allowed to have sharp edges or
sharp corners, which can cause injury to passengers.
2.14. Passenger seat
2.14.1. Passenger seat must be installed firmly to ensure safety for passengers when
the vehicle operation in normal condition.
2.14.2. Size of seats
2.14.2.1. Maximum width of cushion is 400 mm for one person. For double seats,
benches settled on the M1 Vehicle, seat-cushion width for one person is allowed being
smaller than 400 mm but in any case, it is not smaller than 380 mm. However, minimum
space for passengers of these seats measured at the positions away from seat-cushion
surface 270 mm to 650 mm is 400mm for one passenger.
2.14.2.2. Minimum depth of cushion is 350 mm for one person.
2.14.2.3. Minimum thickness of seat cushion and seat-back is 50 mm (not apply for the
seat of the urban bus arranged standing passengers).
2.14.2.4 For bus (Vehicle carrying passenger), minimum gap (L) between 2 rows of seats
is 630mm; that (Lo) for seats facing each other is 1250mm (Figure 5).
Figure 5 – Arrangement of seats on vehicle
2.14.2.5. “For bus, minimum height of space in vertical direction from highest point of
seat cushion surface in the space covering installation and the passage to reach the
seat is 900 mm and from the floor of foot well is 1350 mm; at wheel arches and the last
row of seats, this can decrease but no smaller than 1250 mm.”
24
QCVN 09: 2015/BGTVT
2.14.3. For vehicles carrying children, the width and depth of seat-cushion is not less
than 270 mm for each person. Minimum gap between two rows of seats (L) is 460 mm.
2.14.4. “Height from the floor of passengers’ foot to seat cushion surface (H) in the
bus should range from 380 mm to 500 mm; at wheel arches, cover of engine
compartment, this height can be lower but not lower than 350 m m .”
2.14.5. Folding seat can be put on the gangway of vehicle up to 30 seats, except for
vehicles carrying children. For vehicle over 30 seats, folding seats can be installed for
guider. Dimensions of the width, depth of seat-cushion of folding seat are less than
75% limit dimension stipulated in 2.14.2
2.15. Head restraint
The driver's seat of cars and buses from 16 seats or less must be equipped with a head
restraint
2.16. Seatbelts
2.16.1. Driver’s seat of all vehicles shall be equipped with minimum 03 -point seatbelts.
2.16.2. Outermost passenger's seats of the first row in the same row with the driver's
seat shall be equipped with minimum 03-point seatbelts (except city bus). The seats
between the driver's seat and the outermost seats shall be equipped with minimum 02-
point seatbelts.
2.16.3. Passenger's seats not in the first same row with the driver's seat (excluding
urban bus), sleepers shall be equipped with minimum 02-point seatbelts.
2.16.4. Seatbelts shall be properly provided at each seat position, ensuring good
operation, high reliability and minimizing risk of injury to the user in case of accident.
Seatbelts shall not have structures which may potentially dangerous for the user.
2.16.5. Parts of seatbelts shall be qualified with minimum requirements as follows:
+ Hardware parts in seatbelts such as lock, adjusters, and so on shall not have sharp
edges, causing abrasion or break of the belts due to friction.
+ Lock shall be designed to eliminate possible misuse such as the failure in locking at
the halfway state. Unlocking must be definite.
+ Belt adjuster shall automatically adjust the belt to hug the user or the user shall easily
adjust when he sits down in case of manual adjuster.
+ Belt shall be not twisted even when it is stretched and it may absorb and dissipate
the energy. Belt width shall be not less than 46 m m .
25
+ Belt anchoring points shall be reliably fitted, appropriate for belt type and
operation location.
2.16.6. There shall be seatbelt user manual to ensure safety for users in the instruction
manual of vehicle.
2.17. Passenger door
2.17.1. Useful dimension of passenger door for vehicles (exclude vehicles carrying
children) must meet requirements at Table 6 .
Table 6 – Minimum useful dimension of passenger door
Minimum useful dimension (mm)

Vehicle types
Width(1 Height
Vehicles carrying passengers from 10 to )
16 seaters including driver 650 1200
Vehicles carrying passengers more than

16 seaters including driver 650 1650
Note: (1) This dimension is decreased 100 mm when measuring at door handle
position
2.17.2. There must be at least one passenger door on the right side in passenger
compartment of bus, except for the urban bus BRT-Bus Rapid Transit or the same type.
Passenger door must ensure to close firmly when moving.
2.17.3. Height of steps at passenger door
+ The allowable dimensions of height and depth of steps at door, stairs and steps
inside the vehicles must satisfy requirements in the Table 7 and Figure 6 as below:
+ The step surface has to be textured or coated with friction material to ensure
safety for passengers to be up and down;
≥ 200 mm
≤ 100 mm
≤ 100 mm
≥ 300 mm
Parking surface
Figure 6 – Height and depth dimension of steps
26
Table 7 - Allowable dimensions of height and depth of steps

Unit: mm
First step (from parking

Maximum Height (D) 500(1)
surface) Minimum Depth 300(2)
Height
Maximum 350(3)
Other steps (E) Minimum 120
Minimum useful Depth 200

Notes:
(1) 700 mm for emergency exists;
(2) 230 mm for vehicle with no less than 22 people;
(3) Maximum height of above step of gangway should be 250 mm; For vehicles
with less than 22 passengers, maximum step height must be 250 mm; For steps at
the back- end door at the rear, the maximum height must be 300 mm;
- Height of steps from the parking surface are determined when the vehicle are in
no-load status;
- Height among steps (E) for each step may not be the same.
+ Width and shape of step surface must ensure that when putting a rectangle with the
size of 400 mm x 300 mm on the first surface and the other with the size of 400 mm ×
200mm on the surface of other steps, the square of overhang of rectangle comparing
with the step surface must not exceed 5% of its square. For double doors, each half-
step have to meet this requirement;
+ Slope of the step surface being measured in any direction shall not exceed 5%;
+ For double doors, the up and down steps in each half of the doorway must be
considered as separate steps.
2.18. Emergency exit
Vehicles carrying passenger must have enough emergency exit(s) comply with following
requirements:
2.18.1. Requirements for dimension:
+ Regarding open/close emergency exit, minimum dimension of door must be:

width * height = 550 * 1200 mm. Steps of emergency exit must satisfy requirements
mentioned at Table 7 and Figure 6.
+ Doors of the vehicle can be used as emergency exit only when they have
minimum area is 0.4 square meters and can contain one rectangle with dimension at
500mm (height), 700mm (width);
+ Rear door can be used as emergency exit only when it can contain one rectangle
27
with dimension at 350mm (height), 1550mm (width) and the angles of that rectangle can
be rounded with maximum radius is 250mm.
28
2.18.2. Minimum numbers of emergency exits are specified as Table 8 .
Table 8 – Minimum numbers of emergency exits
Numbers of 17 ÷ 30 31 ÷ 45 46 ÷ 60 61 ÷ 75 76 ÷ 90 > 90
passengers (1)
Minimum of 4 5 6 7 8 9
emergency exits (2)
Note:
(1)
For double deck/articulated vehicles, number of passengers means number of
passengers, driver and service staffs in each deck/wagon
(2) Passenger doors are not emergency exits
2.18.3. At every emergency exit, there must be notice: “CỬA THOÁT HIỂM” and/or
“EMERGENCY EXIT”. Every emergency exit must be equipped with escape devices
nearby it.
2.18.4. Entrance to emergency exit/emergency exit door/roof emergency exit
2.18.4.1. Entrance to emergency exit: Area between aisle seat and emergency exit
must contain a vertical cylinder having diameter at 300 mm and height from floor at
700 mm and can chop the second vertical cylinder with diameter at 550 mm, total height
of the two cylinders is 1400 mm, bottom of the first cylinder must be in projection of the
second cylinder. For positions where the folding seats are placed along the aisle seat,
free area of the cylinders must be determined when the seats are in opened situation
(See the Figure 7).
2.18.4.2. Entrance to emergency exit door: The entrance must ensure the possibility of
the gauge from the aisle seat to out of the vehicle through emergency exit doors. Move
direction of the gauge must be the line that passengers want to move when escape and
it must be perpendicular with the moving direction. Dimension of the gauge must be 600
* 400 mm and have fillet radius of 200 mm. To the back emergency door, it must have
dimension 1400 mm x 350 mm and radius of the fillet radius of 175 mm.
29
Figure 7 – Entrance to emergency exit”
2.19. Cargo compartment, luggage compartment
2.19.1. Cargo compartment of the vehicle must have stable structure ensuring safety
for products/goods and not allowed to have structure to be equipped with
parts/assemblies, leading to increase in containing capacity except using structures
to install cover of cargo.”
2.19.2. Garbage compartment of garbage trucks must have a lid.
2.19.3. Cargo compartment of dangerous goods-carrying vehicles must be

completely isolated with d r i ve r c o m p a rt m e n t .
2.19.4. Vans (vehicles having cargo compartment next to driver’s compartment) must
satisfy corresponding requirements at TCVN 7271. To the vans with 2 rows or more,
ratio between area of cargo compartment and passenger compartment specified at
TCVN 7271 must be no less than 1.8 times. Size of the passenger compartment is
specified when the front row is located at the medium position, oblique angle of the
back of seat is 25 degree (in case the oblique angle is less than 25 degree, it is allowed
to measure from the position corresponding with the maximum oblique angle of the
seat).
2.19.5. Overall width of cargo container of trucks mustn’t exceed 10% of overall width
of driver’s compartment.
2.19.6. Luggage compartment (not portable luggage) of vehicle (if any) must be
located along with the body and/or the back of the vehicles, under the floor with easy
open/close doors, dustproof, waterproof, durable structure ensure safety of the vehicle
during moving. Luggage compartment must be divided in to enclosures, with maximum
length of 1500 mm and maximum width of 1225 mm for each enclosure. Regarding
behind luggage compartment in the back, maximum dimension by both vertical and
horizontal length is 1500 mm. Bulkhead of each enclosure must have solid structure
to prevent the displacement of luggage when
30
The vehicle moving. Luggage compartment must withstand minimum weight of luggage
compartment volume and specific gravity value of luggage compartment volume is (L)
of 100 kg / m3.
2.19.7. Requirements for installing kingpin of semi-trailers carrying container.
lx
=70
Figure 8 – Height for installing kingpin and bright field radius which turn
round before kingpin of tractor for semi-trailer
2.19.7.1. For tractor for semi-trailers carrying container, bearing surface height of
kingpin (h) without semi-trailer must not exceed 1400 mm and bearing surface height
of kingpin with full load must be from 1150 mm to 1300 mm. In case tractor for semi-
31
trailer carrying container with over 2900 mm height, bearing surface height
32
Of kingpin (h) without semi-trailer must not exceed 1150 mm and bearing surface height
of kingpin with full load must be from 1025 mm to 1100 mm (Figure 8).
2.19.7.2. Minimum bright field radius which turn round before kingpin (d) must be 2040
(Figure 8).
2.19.7.3. l4 is horizontal distance between the circle cylinder with radius d, which has
axis coincides with the axis of kingpin and conical surfaces having the same rotation
axis. Conical surface created by a vertical line which tilts an angle of 6 0 towards the
front of the tractor. This line is defined so that the conical surface does not touch any
point of tractor above the horizontal plane passing kingpin. X point of this surface is
defined under the vertical median plane of the tractor and belongs to the horizontal
plane, this horizontal plane is located upper, parallels to the plane passing kingpin and
has a gap of 250 mm. At point X, l4 gap (lx) must not be less than 80 mm.
2.19.7.4. The radius from center point of bearing surface to longest point of vehicle
(d1) is not exceed than 2200mm.
2.20. Safety glass on vehicle
Windshield must be multi-laminated safe glass. Glass of door must be safety glass.
Glass which used emergency window, emergency door must be safety glass with highly
durable glass. These safety glasses must meet the requirements in QCVN 32:
2011/BGTVT “National Technical Regulation on safety glazing equipped on vehicle”
or UNECE No. 43 ““Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing
materials and their installation on vehicles” equivalent or higher version.
2.21. Exhaust pipe
2.21.1. Exhaust escaping output of emission must not be forward, and not direct to the
right side under the direction of car’s forward.
2.21.2. Exhaust pipe must not be placed in the position that can cause fire vehicle or
cargo on vehicle and obstruct the operation of other s y s t e m s .
2.22. Illuminator and signal lamps
2.22.1. Vehicles must be equipped with all kinds of following illuminator and signal:
headlamp emitting passing beam and driving beam, turn signal light, hazard warning
lights, position lights, brake lights, reversing lights, number plate light.
2.22.2. Headlamp system on the motor vehicle must meet requirements specified at
QCVN 35: 2010/BGTVT “National Technical Regulation on optical characteristics of
road vehicle headlamps” or one of the UNECE Regulations of equivalent or higher
version to following versions:
+ UNECE No.01 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicle

headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/ or a driving beam and
equipped with filament lamps of category R2”;
30
+ UNECE No.05 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of power-driven
vehicle's "sealed beam" headlamps (SB) emitting a European asymmetrical passing
beam or a driving beam or both”;

headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and
equipped with halogen filament lamps (H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, HIR1, HIR2
and/or H11)”;

headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and
equipped with halogen filament lamps (H4 Lamps)”;

headlamps equipped with gas-discharge light sources”;

headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing-beam or a driving-beam or both and
equipped with filament lamps and/or light-emitting diode (LED) modules”;
+ UNECE No.123 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of adaptive front-

lighting systems (afs) for motor vehicles”.
2.22.3. Illuminators and signal lamps must be installed firmly, ensure to maintain
optical properties during operating.
2.22.4. Following lights must be installed in pair: front illuminators, turn signal light,
hazard warning lights, position lights, brake lights (there are at least 02 brake lights
installed in pair), led width signal lights. All lights in pair must meet these requirements:
a) Is installed into vehicle and symmetrical median vertical plane along vehicle;
b) Same color;
2.22.5. Installation position stipulated as Table 9.
31
Table 9 – Installation position of lamps (Dimension unit: mm)
Height from parking ground Distance Distance

between two from the
to the inside edges outside edge
TT Name of lamp bottom to the top edge of the of the lamp
edge of of the lamp symmetrical to the
the lamps outside edge
lamp of the
vehicle
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1 Headlamp (low ≥500 ≤1200 (1500) ≥600 (400) ≤400
beam)
2 Turning lamp ≥350 ≤1500 (2100) ≥600 (400) ≤400
3 Position lamp ≥350 1500 (2100) ≥600 (400) ≤400
4 Brake lamp ≥350 ≤1500 (2100) ≥600 (400) -
5 Reversing lamp ≥250 ≤1200 - -
Notes:
- Value in bracket at column (4) is corresponding with some special cases when body
or structure of the vehicle does not allow it to be installed lamp in limited height.
- Value in bracket at column (5) is corresponding with the case when the vehicle has
full width less than 1300 mm.
2.22.6. Lamps must meet requirements in Table 10.
32
Table 10 – Color, number, Illumination power and checking criteria by
Observation of lights.
Minimum Illumination power or testing criteria by

numbers observation
TT Type of lamp Color
Illumination
Testing criteria by observation
power (cd)
high Length of lighting band ≥ 100 m,
≥12000
beam
White or width is 4 m (1)
1. headl yellow 2 Length of light band is no less
amps Low light than
beam - 50 m and it must ensure that
obstacle is observed from the
2. Front turning Yellow 2 80÷ 700 distance of 40 m
lamp
Must ensure that signal can be
3. Yellow/ detected from the distance of 20 m
Back turning 2 40÷ 400
red in daylight condition
lamp
4. Stop lamp Red 2 20÷ 100
5. Reversing lamp White 1 (2) 80÷ 600
6. Front position White or 2 2 60

lamp(3) yellow
Must ensure that signal can be
detected from the distance of 10 m
7. Back position
Red 2 1 ÷ 12 in night light condition
lamp (Back-up
lamp)
8.
Number Plate White 1 2 ÷ 60
lamp
33
Note:
(1) To the main beams when testing by equipment (Vehicle in no load status, one
driver) :
+ For high beams: By vertical direction, light beam is not allowed to deviate: more than
0% upward; 2% downward for the lamps having installation height no more than 850
mm from ground; or 2.75% downward for the lamps having installation height more
than 850 mm from ground. By horizontal direction, deviation of light beam is not allowed
to exceed 2% to the right direction and 0% to the left d i r e c t i o n .
+ For Low beams: To the dipped beams when testing by equipment: By vertical direction,
intersection between the “light and dark” line and conical part of the light beam must have
upward deviation: does not exceed 0.5% in comparison with horizontal line for lamps
having height less than 850 mm from the ground and does not exceed 1.25% for lamps
having height greater than 850 mm from the ground. Intersection must have downward
deviation: does not exceed 2% for the lamps having height from the ground less than 850
mm and does not exceed 2.75% for the lamps having height from the ground greater than
850 mm. By vertical direction, the intersection must have deviation: does not exceed 2.5
% to the left and does not exceed 0% to the r i g h t .
(2) But no more than 2 lamps.
(3) Front lamps can be used along with other lamps.
34
QCVN 09: 2015/BGTVT
2.22.7. Other requirements
2.22.7.1. No permitted to install red light and reflected plate in front of vehicle. No
permitted to install white light towards the rear (excluding reverse lights)
2.22.7.2. For in headlamp:
+ When turning on low beams of headlamp, it is required to turn off high beams;
+ Must have working signal when using high beams
2.22.7.3. Reverse lamp must be turned on when lever is in reverse gear and engine
starting switch is in the position where the engine can work. Reserve must be turned
off in case of not meeting either of above condition
2.22.7.4. Number plate lamp must be on when turning on front lamp, it is impossible to
turn on and off by switch.
2.22.7.5. Brake lamp
+ Brake lamp must be on when driver acts upon main brake system;
+ In case simultaneously turn on brake lamp and rear lamp at the same time, brake
lamp must be clearly brighter than rear lamp.
2.22.7.6. Turn signal lamp
+ All turn signal lamp at the same side of vehicle must be flicker at the same phrase.
Flicker frequency is from 60 ÷ 120 times/minute;
+ Duration from turning on switch to light signals to turn doesn’t exceed 1.5 second.
2.22.7.7. Hazard lamp must blink at the same time and at the same frequency. Hazard
lamp can be used at the same time with turn signal lamp.
2.23. Reflectors
2.23.1. Vehicle must be equipped reflector behind
2.23.2. Shape of reflectors cannot be triangle.
2.23.3 Light from reflectors must be seen clearly with distance 100m from rear of
vehicle when it was lighted by head lamp of other v e h i c l e .
2.23.4 Color of reflectors is red.
2.24. Rear view mirror
2.24.1. Vehicle must be equipped rear view mirror, which makes driver clearly see
traffic condition in the rear and at both sides.
35
2.24.2. External mirror must be placed in the position, where driver can easily see via
side window or via the swept area by window washer switch on the windshield
2.24.3. Rear view mirror using for vehicles must meet requirements specified in
Regulation QCVN 33:2011/BGTVT "National Technical Regulations on rear view
mirror using for motor vehicles” or UNECE No.46 “Uniform provisions concerning the
approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the
installation of these devices” with equivalent or higher version. Rear view mirror shall
be installed in accordance with requirements specified in Appendix 3.”
2.25. Wiper system
Vehicle must be equipped wiper system in order to ensure driver’s vision via
front windshield and must meet these following requirements:
+ Must have from 2 wiper frequencies or more;
+ Each wiper frequency is not less than 45 times/minute;
+ A wiper frequency is between 10 and 55 times/minute;
+ The difference between the highest wiper frequencies with one of the lower
frequencies must not less than 15 times/minute.
2.26. Horn
2.26.1. Horn includes many separate parts, each part sounds a signal and
independently operated by a particular control switch, called a horn system. Horn (or
horn system) must have continuous sound with stable vo l u m e .
2.26.2. Horn volume (measure at the position at 7m far away from head of vehicle, and
micro of measurement device is put nearly vertical median plane of vehicle with height
from 0,5 m to 1,5 m) no less than 93 dB(A), no greater than 112 dB(A).
2.27. Speedometer
2.27.1. Vehicle must be equipped with speedometer
2.27.2. Speed measuring unit on the speedometer is km/h
2.27.3. Tolerances of the speedometer must be in the limit of -10% to + 20% at 40

km/h.
2.28. Fire extinguishers, first aid kits.
2.28.1. Fire extinguishers: Vehicles carrying dangerous commodities, flammable

goods, vehicle with 16 seats or more must equipped with fire extinguishers
2.28.2. First aid kits: All kinds of buses from 16 seats or more must have space for one
or more first aid kits or driver’s compartments (contain first aid apparatus). Minimum
volume of first aid kit or driver’s compartmented is 0,7 m3 and minimum dimension is
80 mm. Position for first aid kit or driver’s compartmented must be easily to use in
36
emergency.
37
2.29. Regulations on protecting environment
2.29.1 Exhaust emission limit
2.29.1.1 Exhaust emission of vehicle must meet requirements in QCVN 05: 2009/BGTVT
“National technical regulation on emission for automobiles of manufacture, assembly,
brand-new import”, QCVN 86:2015/BGTVT “National technical regulation on emission
limit with level 4 for automobiles of manufacture, assembly, brand-new import”.
2.29.1.2. When testing exhaust emission according to rapid test method (test method
stipulated in TCVN 6438 "Road transport - allowing maximum limit of emissions"):
+ For vehicle with spark-ignition engine, when checking in no-load mode,

exhaust emission of vehicle must meet these following r e q u i r e m e n t s :
- Cacbonmonoxit CO (% volume): ≤ 3,0;
- Hydrocacbon HC (ppm volume): ≤ 600 for 4 stroke engine, ≤ 7800 for 2 stroke
engine, ≤ 3300 for special engine.
+ For vehicles fitted with compression ignition engine, exhaust fumes of vehicle in
free acceleration must be ≤ 50% HSU
2.29.2. Noise from vehicles when stopping measured by the method stipulated in
TCVN 7880 " Means of road transport. The noise from automobile. Requirements and
test methods for type approval’’ shall not exceed the allowed maximum noise level
stipulated in Table 11.
Table 11 - Allowed maximum noise level Unit: dB(A)
Allowed maximum
TT Kind of vehicle
noise level
1 Passenger Cars 103
2 Truck, special purpose vehicle and vehicle carrying 103

passengers with G ≤ 3500kg
Truck, special purpose vehicle and vehicle carrying
3 105
passengers with G > 3500kg and P ≤ 150kW
Truck, special purpose vehicle and vehicle carrying

4 107
passengers with G > 3500kg and P > 150kW
Note: - P : maximum output of engine;
- G : Gross vehicle weight.
2.29.3. It is not permitted to use Freon CFC in air conditioning equipment of vehicle.
2.30. Particular requirements for vehicles for the Disabled people
38
2.30.1. For vehicles driven by the Disabled people, control mechanism of vehicle
operations must suit kinetic system of the Disabled people.
2.30.2. For vehicles accessed to use by the Disabled people, there must be the vehicle
symbols for the Disabled people in appropriate positions in order that they can identify
easily.
2.31. Single-purpose structure installed on vehicle (if any) must be installed firmly and
must have instructions, notice or user manual of single-purpose structures to ensure
safety when using.
3. REGULATION ON MANAGEMENT
3.1. Inspection, test and issue certificate
3.1.1. Inspection, test method and issue certificate implemented according to Circular
No. 30/2011/TT-BGTVT dated 15th April 2011 and Circular 54/2014/TT- BGTVT dated
20th October 2014 of Minister of Transport on “Regulation on safety technical and
environmental quality inspection in produce, assembling motor vehicles” and Circular
30/2011/TT-BGTVT dated 15th April 2011 of Minister of Transport on “Regulation on
safety technical and environmental quality inspection in produce, assembling motor
vehicles”
3.1.2. Specifications and testing sample: Manufacturers, assembling, organization,

individual have responsibility of providing specifications and testing samples in
accordance with applicable regulations of Ministry of Transport.”
3.1.3. Inspection of grade ability mentioned at section 2.2.3 for specialized

automobile, tractor truck and inspection of horizontal static stability angle of the
vehicles stated in 2.1.2.3 can be used calculation methods.
3.1.4. Inspection to determine effectiveness of the main brakes and parking brakes
when trying on the road is applicable to inspection, testing of sample products.
Inspection to determine effectiveness of the main brakes and parking brakes when
trying on the testing belt is applicable to ex-factory inspection of the products in mass
production.
3.1.5. Inspection emission under quick testing method specified at section 2.29.1.2 is
applicable to ex-factory inspection of the products in mass p r o d u c t i o n .
3.1.6. Manufacturers have responsible inspection of the products in mass production

and assembling, ensuring the requirements in side slip at section 2.4.7, brake
effectiveness at section 2.5.8, illumination power and deviation of head lamp at section
2.22.6, tolerances of the speedometer at section 2.27.3, and emission exhaust at
section 2.29.1.2, noise level at section 2.29.2. Noise inspection of the the products
manufactured and assembled in mass production can be conducted under probability
inspection method. Manufacturing establishments must register with the quality
management agency specifically about sampling rate and method for probability
inspection.
39
3.1.7. Check, test and issue certificate for the vehicle with size, gross weight on the
axle exceed than limit value specified in article 2.1.1 as following:
3.1.7.1. The vehicle with gross weight on the axle exceed than limit value specified in
article 2.1.1, checking div, testing div must calculate, adjust to get parameter meet
requirements about vehicle weight allow to join traffic
3.1.7.2. The vehicle with dimension, gross weight distributed on the axle exceed than
limit value specified in article 2.1.1, checking and testing according to this regulation
and record technical parameter according to request of register foundation. Result of
checking, testing, issue certificate allow these vehicles only operate in narrow scope,
not join traffic. For especial cases, if desire join traffic such as: moving from
manufacturer, import to gathering areas; moving to maintenance, repairing foundation;
moving to register foundation; goods transportation with special weight(not able
disassembly) must be allowed by organization of road management and obey related
regulations.
3.1.8. For vehicles which use new structure or new material, must submit related
documents to designing, result of checking, testing or related documents to technology
transferring.
3.2. For the vehicles which were inspected and tested following regulation at item
3.1 and have results consistent with this regulation will be granted Test report.
4. IMPLEMENTATION
4.1. Vietnam Register is responsible for implementation, giving instruction of this

Regulation in inspection of technical safety and environmental protection for
automobiles.
4.2. Implementation schedule
4.2.1. For the CKD and CBU vehicles granted Certificate of technical safety and
environmental protection before valid time of QCVN 09: 20015/ BGTVT will be adopted
after 18 months from the implementation date of this regulation. With air tank must be
enough quantity and meet the Vietnam standards TCVN 6153 to TCVN 6156 pressure
air tank or equivalent standard of overseas at section 2.5.7. Main air brake system
must be meet requirements of QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT National technical regulation
on safety and environmental protection for automobiles stop applying from time this
technical regulation is valid
4.2.2. For CKD vehicles with first certificate of technical safety quality and
environmental protection and CBU vehicle without certificate of safety quality and
environmental protection, applying from 1st Jan 2017.
4.2.3. For the vehicle type approval and accept to operation: The requirements on
testing material used for interior structure (2.1. 2.6), tires (2.3.2), light alloy wheel
(2.3.5), safety glazing (2.20), headlamp (2.22.2), rearview mirror (2.24.3), fuel tank
(2.1.2.5)
40
Are implemented according to the implementation roadmap prescribed in the
corresponding of national technical regulation (QCVN).
4.2.4. The emission inspection, testing or testing exemption prescribed on

2.29.1.1 Will be adopted in accordance with current regulation. The emission level
prescribed at 2.29.1.1 in accordance with QCVN 86:2015/BGTVT will be applied from 1 st
Jan 2017. For vehicles are assembled from vehicles which granted certificate of quality
and environment protection, it will be applied emission level of vehicles granted certificate
of quality and environment protection.
4.2.5. Section 2.29.3 will be implemented according to the schedule of the

Government on cutting, eliminating substances that deplete the ozone l a y e r .
4.3. Section 2.1.2.9 do not apply for CBU; do not apply calculate formula to determine
number permit people specified at section 2.1.2.8 for CBU, however allow maximum
gross weight of vehicle was determined according to definition at TCVN 6529 " Road
vehicles-Masses-Vocabulary and codes " with calculate weight for one person at
section 2.1.2.7 not more than allow maximum gross weight according to announce of
overseas manufacturer.
4.4. Section 2.19.7 will not be applied for trailer which only carry out specialized semi-
trailer.
4.5. If the national standards (TCVN) cited in this Regulation have corresponding
Regulations, the Regulation shall be applied. If national technical regulation (QCVN)
cited in this Regulation are newly issued or supplemented, amended, the new or
amended or supplemented version of the Regulation shall be applied. The
implementation road map shall follow that specified in regulations.”
41
Appendix 1
METHOD OF DETERMINING PARTICULAR OSCILLATION FREQUENCY OF
SUSPENSION SYSTEM OF AUTOMOBILES
1. Scope and subjects of application
This Appendix specify methods of determining particular oscillation frequency

and damping factor of suspension system of automobiles with 2 or more than 2
axis.
2. Trial condition
2.1. Trial equipment and tooling
2.1.1. Equipment to measure oscillation frequency range from 0.3 Hz to 100 Hz.
2.1.2. Trial tooling: vehicle scale, temperature and moisture measurement tooling, tire
pressure gauges, length measurement ruler and other auxiliary tooling.
2.2. Sample
2.2.1. Vehicles must be loaded following design’s request.
2.2.2. Suspension system must follow vehicle’s design.
2.2.3. Vehicle’s tires must be new and have same type with design’s requirement; tire
pressure must conform with manufacturer’s regulations.
2.3. Trial environment
Weather without rain, temperature must be from 1 0C to 50 0C, relative humidity

from 0% to 85%
3. Oscillating method
Blowing are some oscillating methods:
3.1. Method 1 (only apply for 2 axis vehicle):

h
Lc Bbt
Picture 1-1- Diagram of oscillating principle under method 1

40
Let vehicle freefall at the height h ranging from 60mm to 120 mm so that when the
wheels touch the floor, the chassis does not touch the docks limiting suspension
system’s round (Picture 1-1)
In special case, the height can be out of allowed height from 60mm to 1 2 0 m m .
3.2. Method 2:
Press the chassis to 60mm to 120mm in compared with beginning position so that it
does not touch the docks limiting suspension system’s round. Stop pressing suddenly to
create oscillation.
4. Trial preparation
4.1. Inspect trial sample according to section 2.2
4.2. Determine parameters of the sample
4.3. Install measurement equipment
4.3.1. Measurement end installation position
For the part not be hanged: install at the chassis needing measurement;
For the hanged part: install at the vehicle floor right above the chassis. In case the
measurement end cannot be installed directly on the vehicle flow, it is allowed to install
it at a nearby position ensuring that oscillation of the hanged part needing
measurement is determined.
4.3.2. Requirements when installing measurement end
Measurement end must be installed steadily at right position ensuring not touching
the chassis or any hard objects during the measurement.
4.3.3. Combination measurement ends with other parts of the equipment must ensure
that vehicle oscillation does not affect equipment performance.
4.3.4. After installation, inspect equipment performance
5. Trial implementation
Implement trial three times under following steps:
5.1. Put the vehicle to trial position, stop the engine and set up the gear stick at
medium position (number “0”)
5.2. Create oscillation for the vehicle with one of the methods mentioned at 3.
5.3. Record and save the oscillation signal obtained. Time to get the signal is no less
than 3s
41
5.4. Process trial data according to 6. and make trial result report
42
6. Process trial result
On the damping oscillation curve measured on the vehicle’s body (picture 1 - 2a)
and the axle (picture 1-2b) recorded by the oscillation measurement equipment, read
the particular oscillation frequency T1 of the vehicle’s body and T2 of the axle. Axle
and damping coefficient of the vehicle’s body oscillation as f o l l o w s :
6.1. Calculate Particular oscillation frequency of vehicle’s body and axel:
1 1
f 1= ; f2=
T T2
1
In which: f1: particular oscillation frequency of vehicle’s body
(Hz); T1: particular oscillation cycle of vehicle’s body (s);
f2: particular oscillation frequency of vehicle’s axle (Hz);
T2: particular oscillation cycle of vehicle’s axle (s);
Z(t): damping free oscillation acceleration of vehicle’s body (m/s 2);
£(t): damping free oscillation acceleration of vehicle’s axle (m/s 2).
Picture 1-2a – Damping oscillation

Curve of the body. Hình 1-2b - Damping oscillation
Curve of the axle
6.2. Damping coefficient of half cycle D of vehicle’s body oscillation:
A
D= 1
A2
43
In which: A1: amplitude value from the second peak to the third peak;
A2: amplitude value from the third peak to the fourth peak;
44
6.3. damping coefficient ψ of vehicle’s body oscillation:
1
ψ=
1  2
2
ln D
In which: ψ= 3,14;
ln: natural logarithm.
When damping coefficient of half cycle D is small (A3 does not reduce suddenly), Khi
giá trị hệ số tắt dần nửa chu kỳ D nhỏ, ( A 3 không giảm một cách đột ngột ), damping
coefficient of total cycle D’ can be taken:
A
D’ = 1
A3
In which: A3: amplitude value from the fouth peak to the fifth peak.
body oscillation:
1
ψ=
4 2
1
ln 2 D'
6.4. During processing trial result time, in case there is abnormal, it is required to
cancel the result and conduct the trial again.
6.5. The final trial result is the average value of three trial times
45
Appendix 2
REQUIREMENTS FOR LPG, CNG CONTAINER
1. Regarding LPG container
1.1. LPG container must be equipped with enough quantity and meeting the
requirements specified in technical regulation, national regulation of Vietnam or
specified UNECE No.67 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of: I. Approval
of specific equipment of vehicle of category M and N using liquefied petroleum gases
in their propulsion system; II.Approval of vehicles of category M and N fitted with
specific equipment for the use of liquefied petroleum gases in their propulsion system
with regard to the installation of such equipment” or oversea equivalent standard.
1.2. Installation of the container must comfort with following requirements:
+ Containers must be installed steadily on the vehicle’s body not in the passenger
compartment and engine compartment ensuring safety when being suffered from
external impact and are reasonably ventilated.
+ There must be no contact between metal and metal except for the fixed installation
position of the containers
+ In case the containers and fuel pipe are installed at the position that might bear
influence from heat of the exhaust pipe, muffler, they must be protected with appropriate
insulation.
+ Vent door of the airtight cover of the containers of at the escape section of the
vehicle must have downward direction but it is not allowed to direct the vent air to the
wheel arch cover or other heat source such as exhaust p i p e .
2. Regarding CNG containers
2.1. CNG container must be equipped with enough quantity and meet requirements
specified in technical regulation, national regulation of Vietnam or specified UNECE
No.110 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of: I. Specific components of
motors vehicle using compressed natural gas (CNG) and/or liquefied natural gas (LNG)
in their propulsion system; II.Vehicles with regard to the installation of specified
components of an approved type for the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and/or
liquefied natural gas (LNG) in their propulsion system” or oversea equivalent standard
2.2. Installation of the container must confront with following requirements:
+ Containers must be installed steadily on the vehicle’s body not in the passenger
compartment and engine compartment ensuring safety when being suffered from
external impact and are reasonably ventilated.
+ There must be no contact between metal and metal except for the fixed installation
position of the containers
46
Appendix 3
REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLING REAR MIRROR
1. General requirements
Vehicles must be installed with at least two main external mirrors (type II or type III),
each mirror is installed at one side of the vehicle. Besides, it is optional to install type
IV mirror (the external mirror with wide view angle) with optional numbers of mirrors ;
Particularly, regarding the vehicles with total weight not exceeding 7.5 tons, it is
allowed to added type V mirror (external mirror with close view angle) with optional
numbers of mirror.
All of the rearview mirrors must be adjustable
2. Requirements for the mirror installation position
2.1. Mirrors must be installed at the position so that at normal driving position, the
driver can see clearly two sides the road by the rear vie w.
2.2. Mirrors must be visible through the side window or through the portion scanned
on the windshield with a wiper.
2.3. When the vehicle is full loaded, if the lower edge height of the mirror is less than
2m in compared with parking floor, the outermost points of the mirror must not protrude
more 200 mm in compared with the side of the ve h i c l e .
2.4. Regarding type V mirror : No part of the mirror or protection cover is allowed to
have the height less than 2m in compared with the parking floor when the vehicle is
full loaded
3. Requirements for the sight distance with type II, type III mirror
3.1. External mirror on the left side of the vehicle must ensure that the driver can see
the horizontal, flat, wide line from at least 2.5m courted from the outermost point of the
left side of the vehicle to the middle of the road and 10m far from the driver’s view by
rear side of the vehicle.
3.2. External mirror on the right side of the vehicle must ensure that the driver can see
the horizontal, flat, wide line from at least :
+ Regarding cars and trucks (with total weight of more than 2 tons) : 4m counted
from the plane parallel to the vertical median plane of the vehicle and passing through
the outermost point on the left side of the vehicle and being 20m far from the driver’s
view to the rear side (picture 3-1) ;
+ Regarding other vehicles: 3.5 m counted from the plane parallel to the vertical
median plane of the vehicle and passing through the outermost point on the left side
of the vehicle and 30m far from the driver’s view to the rear side. Besides, the drivers
must see the road section having the width from 0.75m upwards stretching from the
point being 4m far from the vertical plane passing the driver’s sight to the rear side
47
(picture 3-2)
48
SIGHT DISTANCE OF DRIVER THROUGH REAR MIRROR
Rearmirror
Mirror sight at the ground
mirror watching point of the driver
Rear
Figure 3-1 - For rear mirror of cars and trucks (the types with
total weight of no more than 2 tons)
Rear
Mirror Mirror sight at the ground

watching point of the driver

Rear
Mirror
Figure 3-2 – For rear mirror of other vehicle type
49

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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

National technical regulation

QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT is compiled by Vietnam Register, submitted by

QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT replaces QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION

1.1. Adjustment Scope

1.3. Word interpretation

1.3.10. Seat-Cushion: is a part of seat that is designed horizontally to support

+ The space for the passengers to set foot on when sitting.

+ Any space to access a seat or a row of seats

1.3.18. Emergency exit: emergency door, emergency window, escape hatch

1.3.19. Single axle: consists of only one axle

2.1. General requirements

2.1.1. Basic specifications

2.1.1.1. Allowable limit dimensions

+ Length: No longer than limit value specified in Table 1.

No. Type of vehicle Maximum length (m)

- No higher than 4.2 m for double-decker bus;

- No higher than 4.0 m for others.

Hmax - Maximum allowable height of vehicle (Figure 1);

Figure 1a. Figure 1b.

Group of three axles use

Lcs ROH Lcs ROH

No. Principles for defining ROH line Description

5 If there is a leading axle at the rear of the vehicle ROH line

7 If there are one or two lift axles at the rear of vehicle

- With leading axle :

2.1.1.2. Maximum permitted weight distributed on the axle:

2.1.1.3. Maximum allowable total weight:

Table 3 – Maximum allowed total weight

Maximum allowed total

4.1 Vehicle with distance from the first axle center to

4.2 Vehicle with distance from the first axle center to

2.1.2. Other requirements

- No less than 25% for bus (except for urban bus).

- No less than 20% for the others.

+ 28° for double-decker bus;

+ 35° for remained vehicles.

2.1.2.4. All systems, components of vehicles must ensure specifications during

Go = Weight of no load vehicle (kg);

L = Specific weight of luggage is measured by the volume of boot (kg/m3) (L =

V = Total volume (m3) of boot (if any);

Gn = Calculation weight for one

2.1.2.9. Chassis number (Vehicle identification number - VIN): Vehicle must be

- Location and attachment of chassis number must satisfy requirements on location,

- Content and structure of vehicle identification number must satisfy requirements

G – Gross vehicle weight (unit: ton)

2.2.2.2. The maximum speed is not less than 60km/h.

2.3.1. Structure is rigid and assembled to meet fixed standards.

- The width of wheel guards must cover all the w h e e l s .

2.4.6. Steering-gear backlash:

+ Other types of vehicles: no higher than 150.

2.4.7. Side slip of leading wheel is no more than 5 mm/m.

2.5. Brake system

+ All valves must operate normally;

- The initial energy level (pressure of compressed air) in pressure tank is

2.5.8. Efficiency of main brake system

+ Testing mode: unloaded vehicles (one driver);

+ Total braking force is no less than 50% of kerb vehicle;

KSL = (PFlớn - PFnhỏ).100%/PFlớn

PFlớn: Great braking force;

2.5.8.2. Efficiency of main brake system when being tested on road:

+ When testing no load (one driver):