Susmita Ghose et al.

/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098

Design and Development of Microcontroller Based

SMS Gateway for GSM Mobile
Susmita Ghose,Md. Shafiqur Rahman, Dilruba Sharmin,Istiak Hussain,T.K.Yousufzai
Dept.of Applied Physics Electronics & Communication Engineering
University of Dhaka
Bangladesh, Dhaka
Email:shafiqrahman50&yahoo.com

Abstract--In this work, a microcontroller based SMS gateway case microcontroller IC plays an important role in
for GSM mobile has been designed and developed. Most of the controlling any devices or appliances. Here microcontroller

SMS gateway system was controlled by PC based software
where microcontroller only used for controlling and sending
status of devices or any appliances connected with the system.
An Ericsson T68i, one of the cheapest GSM mobile phone sets
available with most of the advanced features, has been
interfaced with a PC via RS232 serial port. The SMS packet
has been analyzed and its different fields have been identified
ES
for the Grameen Phone, the largest GSM operator in
Bangladesh. Then the PC has been removed from the system
and the transmission and reception technique of SMS have
been implemented into the PIC microcontroller. The
developed system has been tested successfully. The system is
also simple, smarter, portable, cost effective (as the PC has
been removed) and low power consuming.
Index term—Microcontroller, SMS, LCD, PICmicro
I. INTRODUCTION
People now in the age of modern science need the real-
time information whenever they desire. And this can be
A
achieved by the various technological advancement of
communication system. Introduction of GSM mobile phone
is one of them which are no longer a luxurious item, easily
available, accessible, portable, cost-effective and have
device availability throughout the country and the world
even. So, the idea of introducing SMS should be an
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T
also gets instruction through SMS and then goes for the
next step. The overall system then becomes both costly and
power consuming as the PC works round the clock. If that
PC is a clone then may not run for all the time and power is
a matter of availability and cost also.
The serial communication between PC and Mobile uses
RS232 protocol. Data in digital form i.e. „1‟ and „0‟ for
RS232 port are represented by the voltage level of 3V to
25V and -3V to -25V respectively. But Mobile phones in
general use only 3V or 1.8V for its internal communication.
Therefore, to make communication between the GSM
Mobile and PC a voltage conversion device called
MAX232 plays an important role here [2].
In most of the centralized device-controlling system, PC
is interfaced to mobile and then used as a server to control
the devices through the developed software. PC-based-
software is easy to develop and control, so people usually
depends on PC. PIC Single-Chip-Microcontrollers are
sufficient enough to encode and decode the sending and
receiving message through GSM mobile and control the
devices according to the instruction given by the SMS. PIC
microcontroller can also be used as a web-server by
removing the mobile device at the end used part so that user
can also control the appliances through the Internet. The
PIC are also less-expensive as well as they need not much

efficient real-time approach in any kind of appliance

controlling. energy and have a very good sleep mode. The development
SMS encoding and decoding for sending and receiving tools (simulator, assembler, linker compiler) for PIC are
in mobile communication is usually done by PC based also very good, available for free and can be downloaded
software where PC is used as an SMS gateway [1]. In that from Microchip [3].

Data Cable MAX232

USB Serial

(a)

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 Susmita Ghose et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Serial
Data cable
(b)
Figure 1: Block diagram of (a) PC based (b) microcontroller based SMS Gateway
But the resources, documentation and procedure are not
available to interface the PIC with GSM mobile. Therefore
in this present work, an attempt has been taken to design a
PIC microcontroller based SMS gateway for GSM mobile
system in a well-organized and systematic way so that any
one can develop the interfacing part and design the PIC for
SMS gateway to control any appliances or for any other
security purpose. A system has been developed and tested
as a prototype for either remote or accessible appliance
controlling. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of (b) the
developed PIC based SMS Gateway which replaces the
existing (a) PC based SMS Gateway system for GSM
Mobile.
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE , INTERFACING
ES
& HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
This system runs on a 28 pins flash-based 8-bit CMOS
microcontroller, PIC 16F876 with a 4 MHz external clock.
The chip has up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program
Memory, 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) and 256 x
8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory. It has more I/O
capabilities than the other PIC of this series and also has
two PWM which are useful to control any kind of motors
speed [3].
A
(a)
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(b)
Figure 2: Format of data frame for serial communication (a) for PIC (b) for RS-232 I/O.
B. PIC USART Configuration
USART, Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter, also known as Serial Communications
Interface can be configured into two operating mode called
synchronous and asynchronous. In this present work the
later one has been used which is accessed through the pins
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Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098
The serial RS232 connection is driven by the PIC
USART with a high data transmission rate. Data in the
digital form i.e. „1‟ and „0‟ for PIC USART are represented
by the voltage level of 5V and 0V respectively. Therefore,
to make communication between the GSM Mobile and
Microcontroller, no voltage conversion device is needed.
A. RS232 serial communication
RS232 is the most known serial port used to interface
T
and transmit the desired data in communication. Though
the serial port is hard enough to program than the parallel
port, this is the most effective method in which the data
transmission requires less wire (only three links – transmit,
receive and common ground) that yields the low system
cost. The two pins TxD & RxD are used for transmit and
receive data between the communication devices. There are
some other lines in this port which are set as default [4].
The data format frame for both the PIC and RS232
protocol has been shown in figure 2. For checking the
RS232 communication between microcontroller and mobile
phone, another PC with running hyper terminal (the Micro
Soft standard terminal program) has been used and Mobile
has been connected to the GND, RxD and TxD to the serial
port of that PC via a MAX232 voltage conversion IC.
RC6 and RC7 for the PIC 16F876 and RC6 & RC7 act as
data transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) respectively
[3].Data is usually transmitted in 8-bit words (9 is an
option), with the least significant bit sent first. Standard
clock (baud) rate is used so that the receiver can sample the
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 Susmita Ghose et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Input at the same rate as the data is sent. 9600 baud is used
in this work, i.e., the bits are transmitted at about 10kbps.
In this mode, the USART uses standard non-return-to
zero (NRZ) format (one START bit, eight or nine data bits,
and one STOP bit). The most common data format is 8-bits.
An on-chip, dedicated, 8-bit baud rate generator can be
used to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the
oscillator. The transmitter and receiver are functionally
independent, but use the same data format and baud rate.
To configure a USART of the PIC; INTCON, PIR1,
RCSTA, RCREG, PIE1, TXSTA, TXREG and SPBRG
registers are needed to configure.
C. Transmitter Configuration
The data is transmitted through the RC6/TX/CK pin from
the transmit shift register (TSR) which obtains its data from
the read/write transmit buffer, TXREG. The TXREG
register is loaded with data in software. The TSR register is
not loaded until the STOP bit has been transmitted from the
TSR is loaded with new data from the TXREG register (if
available). Once the TXREG register transfers the data to
the TSR register, the TXREG register is empty and flag bit
TXIF (PIR1<4>) is set. This interrupt can be
ES
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit TXIE
(PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set, regardless of the state
of enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in software. It
will reset only when new data is loaded into the TXREG
register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status of the
TXREG register, another bit TRMT (TXSTA<1>) shows
the status of the TSR register. Status bit TRMT is a read
only bit, which is set when the TSR register is empty [3].
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The transmission can be started by first
loading the TXREG register and then setting enable bit
A
TXEN. Normally, when transmission is first started, the
TSR register is empty. At that point, transfer to the TXREG
register will result in an immediate transfer to TSR,
resulting in an empty TXREG. A back-to-back transfer is
thus possible. CLRC bit (TXSTA<7>) is ignored in
asynchronous mode. The baud rate generator produces a
clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending on
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bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>).If clock frequency is 4MHz &
BRGH is set and then generated baud rate is less deviated
from the required data rate. Parity is not supported by the
hardware, but can be implemented in software (and stored
as the ninth data bit) [3].
E. Receiver Configuration
The data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives
the data recovery block. Once Asynchronous mode is
selected, reception is enabled by setting bit SPEN
(RCSTA<7>) & CREN (RCSTA<4>). After sampling the
STOP bit, the received data in the receive shift register
(RSR) is transferred to the RCREG register (if it is empty).
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Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098
previous load. As soon as the STOP bit is transmitted, the
TSR is loaded with new data from the TXREG register (if
available). Once the TXREG register transfers the data to
the TSR register, the TXREG register is empty and flag bit
TXIF (PIR1<4>) is
D. Transmitter Configuration
The data is transmitted through the RC6/TX/CK pin
from the transmit shift register (TSR) which obtains its data
from the read/write transmit buffer, TXREG. The TXREG
register is loaded with data in software. The TSR register is
not loaded until the STOP bit has been transmitted from the
previous load. As soon as the STOP bit is transmitted, the
TSR is loaded with new data from the TXREG register (if
available). Once the TXREG register transfers the data to
the TSR register, the TXREG register is empty and flag bit
T
TXIF (PIR1<4>) is
If the transfer is complete, flag bit RCIF (PIR1<5>) is set.
The actual interrupt can be enabled/disabled by
setting/clearing enable bit RCIE (PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF
is a read only bit, which is cleared by the hardware. It is
cleared when the RCREG register has been read and is
empty. The RCREG is a double buffered register (i.e., it is
a two deep FIFO). It is possible for two bytes of data to be
received and transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a third
byte to begin shifting to the RSR register. On the detection
of the STOP bit of the third byte, if the RCREG register is
still full, the overrun error bit OERR (RCSTA<1>) will be
set. The word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG register
can be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in the FIFO.
Then the Overrun bit OERR has to be cleared in software.
This is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN is cleared
and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers from the RSR
register to the RCREG register are inhibited, and no further
data will be received. It is, therefore, essential to clear error
bit OERR if it is set. Framing error bit FERR (RCSTA<2>)
is set if a STOP bit is detected as clear [3]
F. LCD interfacing
The display is a standard LM020a which displays 4 lines
of 20 characters (20×4). Each character is of 5×10 pixels.
The display receives ASCII codes for each character at the
data inputs (D0–D7). The data is presented to the display
inputs by the MCU, and latched in by the pulsation of the E
(Enable) input. The RW (Read/Write) line can be tied low
(write mode), as the LCD is receiving data only. The RS
(Register Select) input allows commands to be sent to the
display. RS = 0 selects command mode, RS = 1 data mode.
The display itself contains a microcontroller; the standard
chip in this type of display is the Hitachi HD44780. It must
be initialized according to the data and display options
required. More details can be found in the web-site [5].
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G. LCD interfacing
ES
Figure 3: Schematic diagram of SMS Gateway System
The display is a standard LM020a which displays 4 lines
of 20 characters (20×4). Each character is of 5×10 pixels.
The display receives ASCII codes for each character at the
data inputs (D0–D7). The data is presented to the display
inputs by the MCU, and latched in by the pulsation of the E
A
(Enable) input. The RW (Read/Write) line can be tied low
(write mode), as the LCD is receiving data only. The RS
(Register Select) input allows commands to be sent to the
display. RS = 0 selects command mode, RS = 1 data mode.
The display itself contains a microcontroller; the standard
chip in this type of display is the Hitachi HD44780. It must
be initialized according to the data and display options
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required. More details can be found in the web-site [5].
III. MICROCONTROLLER SMS G ATEWAY
Modern mobile phones are able to send & receive SMS
with appropriate AT command originated from the
microcontroller. The microcontroller circuit is used to
control and interface hardware devices and the SMS is
generated, received, decoded and displayed through it. The
complete system for SMS Gateway can be setup for many
applications. Some of the examples are Smart Home
System and Remote Data Collection System. The SMS
Gateway main program is written using PIC Assembly
Language which is assembled using MPLAB 7.60 [3]. The
main program communicates to mobile equipment (ME)
via GSM 07.07 protocol [6] is applied to send and receive
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Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098
T
SMS. Typical ME can be a mobile phone or a GSM modem
with the capability to interface with PIC. In this work, a
low cost mobile phone, Ericsson T68i has been connected
to the PIC RS232 serial port via its data cable and a
MAX232 voltage converter IC has been used to have an
interface with RS232 serial port of PC for the checking
purpose. The system is initiated by applying a start pulse.
An SMS is automatically generated by the system which
forwards to a default number. The main program
continuously looks for the arrival of any SMS that is
needed to process. The received SMS is decoded and also
displayed to the LCD panel.
IV. ENCODING DECODING TECHNIQUE OF
SMS PACKET
The SMS message can be up to 160 characters long,
where each character is 7 bits according to the 7-bit default
alphabet. There are two ways of sending and receiving
SMS messages: Text mode and PDU (protocol description
unit) mode. As text mode is unavailable on some phones,
the PDU mode is used in this work. The PDU string
contains not only the message, but also a lot of meta-
information about the sender, SMS service centre, the time
stamp etc. It is all in the form of hexa-decimal octets or
decimal semi-octets [7, 8]. Figure 4 shows details data
format, frame and instruction uses within an SMS packet.
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Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098

SMS packet

The SMSC Part TPDU Part

MSG Address Length Type of Address

Length of SMSC Type of Address Service Centre First Octet Destination
Referen of of the
Information of the SMSC Number PDU ce the destination destination Number

08 91 88 10 07 00 00 06 F0 11 40 0D 91 88 10 17 43 88 39 F0
88 01 70 00 00 60 0F 88 01 71 34 88 93 0F
8801713488930
8801700000600
Validity User data
User Data

T
PID DCS Period length

00 00 A7 0B D4F29C9E769F41D3E614
Testing SMS

Figure 4: Data format and frame of an SMS packet

All the octets in the format as shown in figure 4 are
hexa-decimal 8-bit octets, except the Service centre
number, the sender number and the timestamp; they are
decimal semi-octets. The message part in the end of the
ES
PDU string consists of hexa-decimal 8-bit octets, but these
octets represent 7-bit data. The semi-octets are decimal, and
e.g. the sender number is obtained by performing internal
number. This is the reason why the trailing F has been
added. The time stamp, when parsed, equals
"80506202913242", where the first six bytes represent date,
the following six bytes represent time, and the last two
represent time-zone related to GMT.
Following table1 shows an example of the technique for
encoding and decoding of user data in TPDU part. The
swapping within the semi-octets from "881007000006F0" message "Testing SMS" consists of 11 characters, called
to "8801700000600F". The length of the phone number is septets when represented by 7 bits each. These septets need
odd, so a proper octet sequence cannot be formed by this to be transformed into octets for the SMS transfer.
A
TABLE 1
ENCODING AND DECODING TECHNIQUE OF USER DATA IN TPDU PART

Uncompressed message Compressed message

Byte No. ASCII DEC BINARY BINARY HEX
(Septets) (Octets)
1 “T” 84 1010100 1010100 11010100 D4
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2 “e” 101 1100101 1100101 11110010 F2

3 “s” 115 1110011 1110011 10011100 9C
4 “t” 116 1110100 1110100 10011110 9E
5 “i” 105 1101001 1101001 01110110 76
6 “n” 110 1101110 1101110 10011111 9F
7 “g” 103 1100111 1100111 01000001 41
8 “” 32 0100000 0100000 11010011 D3
9 “S” 83 1010011 1010011 11100110 E6
10 “M” 77 1001101 1001101 10100 14
11 “S” 83 1010011 1010011
The first septet (T) is turned into an octet by adding the The 10 octets from "Testing SMS" are D4 F2 9C 9E 76 9F
rightmost bit of the second septet. This bit is inserted to the 41 D3 E6 14
left which yields 1 + 1010100 = 11010100 ("D4"). The V. MESSAGE SENDING & RECEIVING
rightmost bit of the second character is then consumed, so The AT (Attention) commands are the basic commands that
the second character (septet) needs two bits (underlined communicate with the GSM mobile phone. Table2
bold) of the third character to make an 8bit octet. This indicates some common AT commands necessary for SMS
process goes on and on yielding the following octets: transmission and reception. Detailed format of AT

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 Susmita Ghose et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098

commands are available in mobile phone, T68i developers‟

guidelines [9].
S OME COMMON AT COMMANDS FOR SMS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
Command
AT(Attention Command)
AT+CPMS (Preferred Message Storage)
AT+CNMI (New Message Indication to
TE)
AT+CMGR (Read Message)
AT+CMGS (Send Message)
AT+CMSS (Send From Storage)
AT+CMGW (Write Message To Memory)
AT+CMGD (Delete Message)
Table 2
Description
Checks the communication between the phone and any accessory.
Selects memory storage spaces to be used for reading, writing, etc.
Selects the procedure how the reception of new messages from the network is indicated to the
TE when TE is active.
Returns messages with location value <index> from preferred message storage <mem1> to the
TE. If the status of the message is „received unread‟, the status in the storage changes to
„received read‟.
Sends message from a TE to the network.
Sends message with location value <index> from message storage <mem2> to the network
Stores a message to message storage <mem2>. The memory location
<index> of the stored message is returned.
Deletes message from preferred message <mem1> storage location

T
<index>.
V. TESTING & RESULT accessed for controlling various devices in the remote place
The total system has been designed and a prototype has through the Internet.
also been developed based on the flowchart shown in figure
5. The designed system has been tested whether it
responses according to algorithm or not. A start pulse was
generated to initiate the system. The PIC microcontroller
ES
issues an AT command to check whether the connection
with mobile is established or not. It executes AT+CPMS
command to select the preferred storage for SMS which is
chosen the phone memory. Then the microcontroller
generates the “Testing SMS” which it sends to the default
cell number. At the same time it displays the SMS in the
LCD panel. An SMS containing “OK” was then sent back
from the default number manually as an acknowledgement
which is read in the microcontroller as a TPDU format
“0891881007000006F0240D91881017257845F200008050
620291324202CF25”. Microcontroller then checks the
A
sender authentication by reading the encoded sender
number between the 13th and 19th octet of the TPDU part.
Message is then decoded from 30th octet where 29th
indicates the length of the PDU. Then microcontroller
decoded the PDU and shows it in LCD which is seen “OK”
as expected. The overall procedure indicates that the
developed SMS Gateway system can be used for any kind
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of pre-defined SMS based controlling system. A five

seconds delay was introduced for successful transmission
and reception of SMS. After the reception of the message,
the PIC microcontroller executes it; delete it from the
phone memory, to release the 1st memory location.
VI. CONCLUSION
Successful completion of the design and testing of the
SMS Gateway indicates that the PC as an SMS gateway
can easily be replaced by a PIC microcontroller. Beside
this, the additional IC, MAX232, used for voltage
adjustment between the mobile and PC is no longer needed
in the proposed micro-controller based system. It also
reduces the complexity and the overall development cost of
such a system. Therefore the system becomes smarter,
efficient and portable. In addition, since the microcontroller
can also be configured as a web server, this system can be

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Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098

Power ON Start
Read PDU,ctrl-z
& transmit byte wise
Initialize Process Suppress answer from mobile
PORTB for LCD interface Display “Testing SMS”
PORTC<7:6> for USART
PORTC<2:1:0> for RS, R/W, E
BAUD rate = 9600
5 sec Timer
SPBRG = 25; BRGH = 1
8bit, No parity & 1stop bit for Tx/Rx
LCD initialization Read
“AT+CNMI=3,3,0,0,0”,CR,LF
& transmit byte wise
Save in EEPROM:
AT,CR,LF
AT+CPMS=“ME”,“ME”,“ME” Receive data
AT+CMGS=25,CR & save in GPR byte wise
AT+CNMI=3,3,0,0,0,CR,LF

T
AT+CMGD=1,CR,LF
PDU, ctrl-z
Receive
LF?
Display “SMS Gateway” NO

Yes

NO
Start pulse?

Yes
Read “AT”,CR,LR
& transmit byte wise
ES Authorized?

Yes
Skip 28 byte & set data
length=29th byte NO

Display
“Unauthorized”
Decode
Receive Complete?
NO To start
NO “OK” ?
Yes
A
Yes
Read “AT+CPMS=“ME”,“ME”,“ME” ”,CR,LF Display the
& transmit byte wise received SMS

Read “AT+CMGS=25”,CR Read “AT+CMGD=1”,CR,LR

& transmit byte wise & transmit to delete SMS
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To start
Receive
“<” ?
NO
Yes

Figure 5: Flow chart of the developed system

REFERENCE
2. Siang, B.K.; Bin Ramli, A.R.; Prakash, V.; Bin Syed
1. A.Y. Al-Zoubi, A.A. Tahat, and O.M. Hasan, “ Mobile Mohamed, S.A.R., “SMS gateway interface remote
virtual experimentation utilizing SMS”, proceedings of the monitoring and controlling via GSM SMS”,
Fourth IASTED International Conference Communication, Telecommunication Technology, 2003. NCTT 2003
Internet, and Information Technology, October31- proceedings. 4th National Conference on Volume, Issue
November2, 2005, Cambridge, USA 14-15, Jan.2003 Page(s): 84 – 87

3. MPLAB IDE v7.60 and datasheet of PIC16f876

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Susmita Ghose et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 091 - 098

http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc Butterworth-Heinemann, October 2006, ISBN-13:

accessed on 24 February, 2008 9780750680288

4. Martin P. Bates, “Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers: 5. Control a HD44780-based Character-LCD,

Embedded Design by Interactive Simulation”, Publisher: http://home.iae.nl/users/pouweha/lcd/lcd.shtml accessed
on 12 August, 2008

6. GSM 07.05 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION, January 8. Michael Harrington, “Understanding SMS: Practitioner‟s
1998,Ver 5.5.0 www.ctiforum.com/standard/standard/etsi Basics”
accessed on 30 September, 2008 http://mobileforensics.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/unders
tanding_sms.pdf accessed on 24 February, 2008
7. GSM SMS and the PDU format,
http://www.dreamfabric.com/sms accessed on 5 March, 9. Mobile PhoneT68i Developers. Guidelines AT Commands
2008 Online Reference http://pupius.co.uk/download/misc/t68i-
at-commands.pdf accessed on 30 June, 2008

T
ES
A
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