Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101
Tel: [034] 4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph

MODULE II

TOPIC: Essentials of Criminal Investigation

Intended Learning Outcome: At the end of this module, the student must have:
1. Created an Incident report “Crime Scene Investigation” through concept map.
2. Illustrated a flow chart of Criminal Investigators: Responsibilities and Essentials Qualities.
3. Created an Organizational Chart of the Criminal Investigation
I. INTRODUCTION
Criminal Investigation, Processes, Practices, and Thinking, as the title suggest, is a teaching text
describing and segmenting criminal investigations into its component parts to illustrate the craft of criminal
investigation. Delineating criminal investigation within the components of task-skills and thinking-skills, this book
describes task-skills such incident response, crime scene management, evidence management, witness
management, and forensic analysis, as essential foundations supporting the critical thinking-skills of offence
validation and theory development for the creation of effective investigative plans aimed at forming reasonable
grounds for belief. The goal of the text is to assist the reader in forming their own structured mental map of
investigative thinking practices.

“A good investigator needs to be conscious of his or her own thinking, and that thinking needs
to be an intentional process”

II. ACTIVITY: CONCEPT MAP

A. Instruction: Create an Incident report about Crime Scene Investigation by jotting down
the ideas in a concept map.

Incident ✓ Evaluate the situation.

report ✓ Save and Preserve life and provide emergency first aid
for those injured at the scene.
✓ Prepare to take the Dying Declaration of severely
injured person if any.
✓ Arrest, detain, and remove any suspect present if more
than one (1), isolate.
✓ Cordon the area to secure and preserve the crime scene.
First responder proceed ✓ Prevent entry of persons into the cordoned area.
to the Crime Scene ✓ Conduct preliminary evaluation at the crime scene and
interview witnesses to determine what and how crime
was committed and write down details.
✓ Turn-over the crime scene to investigator.

✓ Assume responsibility over the crime scene

✓ Conduct assessment of the crime scene
✓ Conduct interviews
✓ Conduct Crime Scene Investigation
Investigator-on-case ✓ Request for technical assistance in processing of the
arrived at the Crime crime scene from CL SOCO and ensure the ff:
Scene 1. Evaluation of Evidences at the crime scene.
2.Documentation (Photography/ Sketching note taking /
videography).
3.Collection and handling of Evidences.
4.Custody and Transport of pieces of Evidences.
6. Request Laboratory Examination of recovered physical
evidence to PNP Crime Laboratory.
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 1. Preparation Prior to the Conduct of SOCO.
2. Crime Scene Approach.
Conduct of SOCO by 3. Preliminary Crime Scene Survey with Investigator-on-
Crime Laboratory case
4. Evaluation of Physical Evidence.
5. Narrative Description of the Crime Scene
6. Crime scene Photography/Videography
7. Sketch of Crime Scene.
8. Detailed Crime Scene Search.
9. Physical Evidence Recording and Collection.
10. Final Crime Scene Survey with Investigator-on-case.
11. Submit result of SOCO to Investigator-on-case

Investigator-on- ✓ Ensure that appropriate inventory has been provided.

case check ✓ Release is accomplished only after completion of the final
crime scene survey and proper documentation.
before cordon if ✓ Release the crime scene in writing with the notion that there is
lifted only one chance to perform job correctly and completely

Crime Scene Investigation is

Crime Scene Investigation is a comprehensive inquiry of a crime by conducting systematic
procedure of various investigative methodologies which involves recovery of physical and testimonial
evidence for the purpose of identifying the witnesses, and arrest of perpetrator(s) for prosecution. It is a
method of protecting, processing and reconstruction of a crime.

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 B. Instruction: Complete the chart by writing what have you learned, what you need to know, and
what you want to know regarding the topic.

THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

K. WHAT I THINK TO KNOW W. WHAT I WANT TO KNOW L. WHAT I LEARNED

I learn what is the crime

I think I know the
procedure and things to
remember on collecting
and handling evidence and
to preserve it. And also, the
proper documentation of
evidence.
I want to know how to
make a narrative incident
report about crime scene
investigation. I want to
know.
scene investigation and the
step to follow on how to
make one. I also learn the
things that the
Investigator-on-case must
do upon arriving in the
crime scene, as well as the
SOCO.

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III. ANALYSIS
Instructions: Make a narrative text about the Preliminary Investigation. Follow the steps given below.

The Preliminary Investigation

After a crime has been reported, the police carry

out a preliminary investigation. A preliminary
investigation must be carried out, if there is reason to
ORIENTATION suspect that a crime has taken place on the basis of the
reported crime. The preliminary investigation is mostly
carried out at the police station in which region the
crime has taken place. Due to police resource shortages,
the preliminary investigation may sometimes take a
while.

During the preliminary investigation, the police

investigate what has happened and what damages have occurred
to the victims of crime. The police will question the victim of
crime, the suspect and any witnesses, as well as collect evidence,
such as e.g. various statements, photos, and carry out technical
COMPLICATION investigations. Even the slightest matters the victim has about the
crime should be informed to the police for the preliminary
investigation. The time of the questioning can be agreed with the
police. If an interpreter is needed, the police shall arrange this, if
it is informed at the time of agreeing a time of the questioning. In
some cases, the police may also carry out the questioning over
the phone. In questioning, and later in legal proceedings, the
victim must talk about all matters related to the case and he/she
must tell the absolute truth.

A report on the questioning shall be prepared, and the

victim must sign this to confirm the correctness of the details.
Before signing, amendments and additions can be requested to
be made to the report, if necessary. In simple and clear cases, the
RESOLUTION police may deliver a so-called brief preliminary investigation, if
nothing more than a fine is expected to be issued for the felony.
Such crimes include, for example, endangering traffic safety,
petty theft and the use of narcotic drugs. When the preliminary
investigation is completed, the police collect the material into a
preliminary investigation report, if it is necessary in terms of
further investigation, and delivers the material to the prosecutor.
The victim and the suspect have the right to obtain a copy of the
preliminary investigation report. If the victim does not want
his/her contact details to be disclosed to the suspect, he/she
should inform the police.

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FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS:
1. Provide two reasons why it is very important for a police investigator to routinely critically
assess all of the information they encounter.
It is important on investigators to critically assess all the information they encounter because every
investigation is an accountable process in which the investigator is not just making a determination
about the validity and truth of the information for personal confirmation of a belief. Second reason is
because the police investigator is responsible and empowered under the law to make determinations
that could significantly affect the lives of those being investigated as well as the victims of crime.
2. Provide two reasons why evidence gathered as part of an investigation must be collected in
a structured way?
First reason is because there is a legal rule and the appropriate processes of evidence collection in order
for it to be accepted by the court. Second is because an investigator speaking to the court, this process
needs to be clear and validated through the articulation of evidence-based thinking and legally
justifiable action.

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 IV. ABSTRACTION

Instruction: Complete the phrase by writing down what have you learned and where you can apply these
in the future.

I learned these
I learned this important lesson of how to make a narrative text about
Preliminary Investigation. I learned the importance of critically
assessing all the information in the crime scene if you are an
investigator and the reasons why the collection and analysis of
evidence must be done in a structured way.

I learned the function of the first responder, the SOCO, and the
Investigator-on-case in the crime scene investigation, as well as the
things that they do in the crime scene.

And I can apply these in

I can apply this in my future career which is to become a police officer.

With this lesson I learn I can apply this in case I will be assign in a crime
scene investigation.

What do we mean when we say that an investigator must be “switched on”?

Switched on means approaching and working through an investigation with an

intentionally high level of vigilance in terms of the collection, assessment, and validation of
information and evidence.” The “switched on” police investigator must: Respond
appropriately to situations where they must protect the life and safety of persons; Gather
the maximum available evidence and information from people and locations; Recognize the
possible offence or offences being depicted by the fact pattern; Preserve and document all
evidence and information; Critically analyze all available information and evidence;
Develop an effective investigative plan; Strategically act by developing reasonable grounds
to either identify and arrest those responsible for criminal acts, or to eliminate those who
are wrongfully suspected.

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V. APPLICATION: Organizational Chart
Instruction: Create an Organizational Chart of the Criminal Investigation, complete it with labels. Use the rubric
below as guide in completing the task.

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1

Organization of Ideas

Structure

Creativity and Aesthetic Appeal

Completeness

LAW ENFORCEMENT

CAPTAIN

Internal Affairs

LEC Receptionist/ Lieutenant Investigative Administrative

Record Clerk Assistant Lieutenant

Sergeant

Detectives
Administrative
Crime Analyst Investigator

Task Force Detectives

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VI. ASSESSMENT: FLOW CHART
Instructions: Come up with a flow chart illustrating the steps in Criminal Investigators: Responsibilities and
Essentials Qualities, include as well the description of each step. Use the rubric below as a guide in achieving
the task.

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Organization of ideas
Structure
Creativity and Aesthetic Appeal
Completeness

STEPS IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

DETERMINE IF A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED

A criminal investigator looks for clues and

evidence to determine whether a crime has
taken place. If a crime has been committed,
investigators may look into the background of
the accused and try to uncover who committed
the crime. Police agencies and law enforcement
are committed to criminal investigations of
every kind, but a growing number of individuals
are choosing to launch their own criminal
investigations with the help of professional
investigators.
IDENTIFY THE PERPETRATOR
The 2nd steps in criminal investigation is to
identify the perpetrator or the suspect, i.e., some
person is identified as the perpetrator of the
criminal acts. Ordinarily the identity of the
criminal is discovered in one or more of the
following ways: confession, eyewitness
testimony, or circumstantial evidence.

APPREHEND THE PERPETRATOR

The 3rd step in criminal investigation is

apprehend the perpetrator. It is concerned with
locating the offender. Obviously many of the
steps previously suggested for identifying the
suspect will also lead to his location. Usually the
criminal is not hiding; he is simply unknown. In
those cases, then, the problem is primarily one
of identification. In many cases, however, it is
necessary to trace a fugitive who is hiding.
Provide evidence to support a conviction in
court
It is assumed that the criminal has been
identified and is now in custody. The
investigation, however, is far from complete; it
has entered the third and often the most
difficult phase, namely, gathering the facts
necessary in the trial to prove the guilt of the
accused. The final step of a criminal
investigation is in the presentation of the
evidence in court. The fact of the existence of
the crime must be established; the defendant
must be identified and associated with crime
scene; competent and credible witnesses must
be available; the physical evidence must be
appropriately identified, its connection with
the case shown; and the whole must be
presented in an orderly and logical fashion.

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Main References: Internet, Related books, Periodicals, etc.

Deadline of submission: NLT last day of the week.

Date submitted: November 4, 2021 RIGHT

AFFIX 2X2
THUMB
I.D. PHOTO
MARK
URBINA, JOHN MARTIN B._____
Student’s Signature Over- Printed Name

IMPORTANT NOTES!

Every student is directed to create an E-mail Account, preferably a Gmail Account, to be use for our online activities, such
as: meetings, video classroom conferences, discussions and collaboration of your answers, to be held every last day of the
week or Friday. For strict compliance