LESSON 6

TEACHING NEW LITERACY IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Teaching New Literacy in Digital Environment
2. ICT Teaching-and-Learning for New Teacher/Media Literacy
3. The Meaning of Digital Teaching-and Learning
4. Discovering the Digital World
5. Digital Literacies
6. Integrating ICT through students-centered learning
7. Internet Learning Activities
8. What is Media Literacy, and why is it Important?
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module, the learner should be able to:
 Give a concise description of information and communication
technology in a digital society;
 Enumerate the new teaching-learning skills needed by education in
the 21st century; and
 Describe how ICT can be integrated in the teaching-learning process
 Develop expertise with the increasingly sophisticated information and
entertainment media that address us on a multi-sensory level,
affecting the way we think, feel and behave.

INTRODUCTION:
Experts in education have identified the revolutionary events in
knowing and learning. The first revolution came with the invention of
language. This refers to the earliest humans using facial and body actions along
with unformed sounds in order to relate with fellow humans. Through time,
they formed words to relay their ideas, feelings and desires.
The second revolution came in the fifteenth century with the advent of
printing. Gutenberg made separate letters out of metal, and set them in order
to make uniform impressions of words on paper, thus producing the earliest
book manuscripts... The third revolution came only during the last decades of
the 20th century. Information Technology or IT came with computers and
peripheral devices such as printers, floppy disks and digital cameras.
Information and communication Technology or IC is the term used for high
technologies for information and communication, including computers, mobile
phones, video games, the Internet and the World Wide Web. Children born in
the 21st century have started to develop skills in creating and maintaining
virtual relationships, while multitasking or doing multiple digital tasks
simultaneously-surfing the Internet, watching a video, chatting online with
friends using instant messaging, and downloading music while at the same
time doing their homework.
 Parents were the first to observe that their children have become
capable of doing new things with their computer and video game gadgets. On
the other hand, educators have yet to take notice and have continued to
engage in traditional teaching of basic literacy and rote memory skills
therefore the need for a shift in teaching and learning is focus of this lesson.
Discussion:
The Meaning of Digital Teaching-and-Learning
The advent of ICT appears to have created a big problem in our schools
today. The problem is the rapidly growing gap between young people in the
classroom and the adult teachers who teach them. Educators have yet to fully
admit that the digital environment affecting our new learners today is radically
different from that experienced by them when they themselves were learners.
Most of our teachers who lived in an age of widening mass communications
have been schooled by textbooks and mass media as their main sources of
information and knowledge. Their school reports were either handwritten with
pen, typewritten using manual typewriters or encoded with the aid of the early
models of the desktop computer. Their learning has been highly text-based
and focused on basic literacy and information memorization skills.
With the turn of the' millennium, however, the new generation grew
in an ICT landscape wherein their absorbing, interpreting and processing
information and knowledge learning are affected. A 2006 Media Family Report
describes the whole week of activities of an average school-age child at home
which: "includes .5 hour with dad, 2.6 hours. With mom, 2.2 hours doing
homework, .5 hour reading for pleasure, and more than 25 hours-near the
equivalent of a full-time job or a week of school-watching television, playing
video games, and interacting with digital devices. (Ride out and Hamel, 2006).
In school, the observation is that read the way students a few decades go: they
can't concentrate and prefer to simply sit and listen, and; they are losing social
skills.
The situation calls for balancing the lives of our wise for teachers and
parents to tap the use of digital tools for positive benefits. This will
counterbalance the negative effects that can possibly accompany the use of
the ICT at home.
Discovering the digital world

Teachers have to realize that ICT has started to create a 21st century
digital world, and they are obliged to teach the new generation of learners to
be successful in this kind of world. For teachers with little experience on the
Internet, ask for guidance from fellow teachers or other knowledgeable
persons and try the user-friendly computer for any of the following activities:
(a) Open various search engines and use them for looking at information you
wish to know, and these are: Google, Yahoo, Dogpile, AltaVista, We Crawler,
Hotbot, Excite, Lycos, Search Found and others. (b) Open social network sites,
especially the Facebook and the You Tube (c) Open blog sites for writings of so
many interests-art, politics, religion, etc. (d) Look for music and download free
music. (e) Look for current news and historical events (f) Try online commerce
and see the wide range of products available for purchase, especially books.
(g) Play video games. (h) Look for education sites. After this discovery exercise,
reflect on your experience of the wide potential of the Internet for
information, commerce, leisure, advocacies, and education.

Digital Literacies
From the traditional 3 Rs (reading, writing and arithmetic), the advent
of Information Technology has fostered information literacy, while the advent
of mass communications introduced media literacy. With the advent of
Information and Communication Technology, digital technology is used as a
term for clusters of skills comprising ICT or digital literacies. Digital literacies
refer to reading and writing, using electronic extensions-reading through
monitor screen and Internet surfing and writing through texting, keyboarding,
emailing, blogging, editing, photo-video postings. (Anderson, 2010).

More specifically forming part of digital literacies are:

 Use of ICT skills to create and share information
 Searching, sifting, scanning and sorting information
 Navigating screens of information
 Locating and evaluating information
 Using ICT for research and problem-solving Making powerpoint and
other multimedia presentations
 Retrieving, organizing., managing, and creating information
 Sending and receiving messages

Literacy to fluency
ICT skills do not replace traditional skills but supplement and extend
them, comprising what are called 21st century fluencies. As fluencies, these
display the ease and comfort whereby they are applied at a level of proficiency
that surpasses mere literacy.

Table 1: Literacy to new fluencies of 21st century young learners

This is the ability to access digital

information with the use of searching and
surfing skills, digital tools such as
INFORMATION FLUENCY
computers, cell phones, and handheld
devices Fluency includes the critical
evaluation of data.
This is about whole-brain creative
SOLUTION FLUENCY
and problem solving thinking.
This is proficiency in working as a
team with virtual or real partners using
COLLABORATION FLUENCY
social networking sites and online gaming
domains
 This is the ability for analytic
interpretation of the message of
communication media; also the ability to
create and publish original digital
MEDIA PROFICIENCY
products, such as a personal blog or
journal. Digital publishers need to know
the principles of effective design for print,
sound, video, environments.
This is artistic proficiency through
CREATIVITY FLUENCY
design, art and storytelling.

Integrating ICT through student-centered learning

From Edgar Dale Cone of Experience, teachers are least effective when
students receive information as passive listeners, while they are more effective
when students are more active in the learning process. After digital learners
have experienced full-color, moving, and animated visuals, reading from
textbooks or black-and-white workbooks would also appear the least effective
method in the teaching-learning process.

According to the 21st century fluency, learning in a student-centered

setting can optimize learning by way of simulating the real experience, giving a
talk, participating in a discussion seeing it done on a location, watching a
demonstration, looking at an exhibit, watching a movie, viewing pictures,
hearing words and reading, worst before students who are highly interactive,
hyperlinked, multimedia, online and digital learners. If teachers think that
teaching simply entails talking to students, this would be worst before
students who are highly interactive, hyperlinked, multimedia, online and
digital learners.

Table 2: changes of teacher role using

A Shift from To

Knowledge transmitter Facilitator, collaborator, coach

Primary Source of information Navigator of knowledge, co-

Teacher gives students
Control and management of
options & responsibilities for
learning
their own learning

Table 3: Changes
Shift from To
Passive recipient of knowledge Active participant in
learning
Recall of Knowledge
Producing knowledge
Individual learning
Collaborative learning
Internet learning activities
ICT can help engage students in active constructive, creative and critical
learning.
Among Internet learning, activities already tested and proven effective are:

1. Inquiry-oriented cooperative learning. The Internet allows students in

groups to
seek answers to questions, by way of seek-analyze-evaluate-apply
information
process.
2. Web Quests. This is an inquiry-oriented activity in which teachers
choose Web
resources for students to use information sources, to support analysis,
evaluation
and synthesis of information.
3. Thematic Web Collections. E-themes and Track Star are used as
collections of
sites in organizing information thematically.
http://emints.rmore.net/ethemes/resources
http://trackstar.hprtec.org/
4. Open-ended, student-directed research projects. Students harvest the
Internet's
vast information bank to learn about topics of their interest in order to
produce and work.
5. Publishing original ideas and thoughts. This is through the use of
creative Web
sites which use graphics and animation to present online publication.
Original.
6. Field trips. Students visit online museums and historical sites.
7. Project-based learning is one method among others, which has been
proposed
in order to involve students on an inquiry process well by structuring
projects along complex, authentic issues requiring carefully designed
tasks and outcomes.

Among the key features of effective projects are:

1. Use of essential skills and tools, including technology.
2. Specific outcomes that solve problems, explain issues, present
information gathered through investigation, research and reasoning.
3. Multiple products needing feedback and experiential opportunities,
performance based assessments.
4. Collaboration in small groups, student presentations, and class
evaluation of project outcomes.
 Collaborative learning is group learning coupled with peer review and
exchange of information which are keys to success in the modern world of
work and professions. The Internet has permitted online work, even online
gaming, sharing of photos and videos. In education there are websites which
can facilitate virtual partnership among schools and students. Among these
are: e-Pals, 1elecollaborate, Global School Net, and the Global Education
Collaborative.

I need to remember the following:

The gap between traditional teaching and digital learning must be

bridged.

The gap can be bridged by a shift in teacher's role to be facilitators

and student role to be active and collaborative learners.

Teachers must themselves discover the digital world.

Teachers must recognize the new literacy in digital education.

Comprised by Solution fluency

Collaborative fluency
Media fluency
Media fluency and
Creativity fluency

The Internet Web sites offer many opportunities to enhance the learning
environment for learners of this digital age.

Find/review a research on digital environment focusing on its findings.

Media Literacy

Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create,

and act using all forms of communication. In its simplest terms, media
literacy builds upon the foundation of traditional literacy and offers new
forms of reading and writing. Media literacy empowers people too be
critical thinkers and makers, effective communicators and active citizen.

Variety of Terminology- Some definitions and clarification.

 Media refers to all electronic or digital means and print or
artistic visuals used to transmit messages.
 Literacy is the ability to encode and decode symbols and to
synthesize and analyze messages
 Media Literacy is the ability to encode and decode symbols
transmitted via media production.
 Media Literacy education is the educational field dedicated to
 teaching skills associated with media literacy.

A Broader Definition

Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create

and act using all forms of communication is interdisciplinary by nature.
Media literacy represents a necessary, inevitable and realistic response
to the complex, ever-changing electronic environment and
communication cornucopia that surrounds us. To become a successful
student, responsible citizen, productive worker, or competent and
conscientious consumer, individuals need to develop expertise with the
increasingly sophisticated information and entertainment media that
address us on a multi-sensory level, affecting the way we think, feel and
behave.
Today’s information and entertainment technologies
communicate to us through a powerful combination of words, image
and sounds. As such, we need to develop a wider set of literacy skills
helping us to both comprehend the messages we receive and effectively
utilize these tools to design and distribute our own messages. Being
literate in a media age requires critical skills that empower us as we
make decisions, whether in the classroom, the living room, the
workplace, the boardroom, or voting booth.
Finally, while media literacy does raise critical questions about
the impact of media and technology, it is not an anti-media movement.
Rather, it represents a coalition to concerned individuals and
organizations, including educators, faith-based groups, health care-
providers, and citizen and consumer groups, who seek a more
enlightened way of understanding our media environment.
Over the years, many definitions and visions of media literacy
have been created to reflect different points of view, different
approaches and goals, and different audiences. Through the postings in
various sections of the NAMLE web site, we will try to present many of
these definitions along with their sources.

What is Media Literacy, and Why is it Important?

The word “literacy” usually describes the ability to read and

write. Reading literacy and media literacy have a lot in common.
Reading starts with recognizing letters. Pretty soon, readers can identify
words—and, most importantly, understand what those words mean.
Readers then become writers. With more experience, readers and
writers develop strong literacy skills.
Media literacy is the ability to identify different types of media
and understand the messages they’re sending. Kids take in a huge
amount of information from a wide array of sources, far beyond the
traditional media (T, radio. Newspaper, and magazine) of most parent’s
youth. There are text messages, memes, viral videos, social media,
video games, advertising, and more. Understanding that reason is the
basis of media literacy.
The digital age has made it easy for anyone to create media. We
don’t always know who created something, why they made it, and
whether it’s credible. This makes media literacy tricky to learn and
teach. Nonetheless, media literacy is an essential skill in the digital age.

Specifically, it helps kids:

 Learn to think critically. As kids evaluate media, they decide
whether the messages make sense, why certain information was
included, what wasn’t included, and what the key ideas are.
They learn to use examples to support their opinions. Then they
can make up their own minds about the information based o
knowledge they already have.
 Become a smart consumer of products and information. Media
literacy helps kids learn how to determine whether something is
credible. It also helps them determine the “persuasive intent” of
advertising and resist the techniques marketer use to sell
products.
 Recognize point of view. Every creator has a representative.
Identifying an author’s point of view helps kids appreciate
different perspectives. It also helps put information in the
context of what they already know—or think they know.
 Create media responsibly. Recognizing your own point of view,
saying what you want to say how you want to say it, and
understanding that your messages have an impact is key to
effective communication.
 Identify the role of media in our culture. From celebrity gossip
to magazine covers to memes, media is telling us something,
shaping our understanding of the world, and even compelling us
to act or think in certain ways.
 Understand the author’s goal. What does the author want you
to take away from a piece of media? Is it purely informative, is it
trying to change your mind, or is it introducing you to new ideas
you’ve never heard of? When kids understand what type of
influence something has, they can make informed choices.
 When teaching your kids media literacy, it’s not so important for
parents to tell kids whether something is “right”. In fact, the
 process is more of an exchange of ideas. You’ll probably end up
learning as much from your kids as they learn from you.
 Media literacy includes asking specific questions and backing up
your opinions with examples. Following media-literacy steps
allow you to learn for yourself what a given piece of media is,
why it was made, and what you want to think about.

Teaching kids media literacy as a sit-down lesson is not very effective;

it’s better incorporated into everyday activities. For example:
 With little kids, you can discuss things they’re familiar with but
may not pay much attention to. Examples include cereal
commercials, food wrappers, and toy packages.
 With older kids, you can talk through media they enjoy and
interact with. These include such as YouTube videos, viral
memes from the internet, and ads for video games.

Here are the key questions to ask when teaching kids media literacy:
 Who created this? Was it a company? Was is an individual?(If
so, who?) Was it a comedian? Was it an artist? Was it an
anonymous source? Why do you think that?
 Why they make it? Was it to inform you of something that
happened in the world (for example, a news story)? Was it to
change your mind or behavior (an opinion essay or a how-to)?
Was it to make you laugh (a funny meme)? Was it to get you to
buy something (an ad)? Why do you think that?
 Who is the message for? Is it for kids? Grown-ups? Girls? Boys?
People who share particular interest? Why do you think that?
 What techniques are being used to make this message credible
or believable? Does it have statistics from a reputable source?
Does it contain quotes from subject experts? Does it have an
authoritative-sounding voice-over? Is there direct evidence of
the assertions its making? Why do you think that?
 What details were left out, and why? Is the information
balanced with different views—or does it present only one side?
Do you need more information to fully understand the message?
Why do you think that?
 How did the message make you feel? Do you think others might
feel the same way? Would everyone feel the same, or would
certain people disagree with you? Why do you think that?
As kids become more aware of and exposed to news and current
events, you can apply media-literacy steps to radio, TV and online
information.
Activity 1
 My personal learning in the topic:

Assessment

I. Research, select, and describe five each of the many ICT technologies
which capture, interpret, store or transmit information: Computers
desktops, laptops, netbooks, interactive white boards, memory card,
camcorders, digital cameras, Internet noteb0oks, games, e-book
readers, MP5 players, mail, instant messaging, mobile phones, scanners,
DVDs, television, videoconferencing. Submit your written outputs.

II. Write lesson plan with media integration

Alata, Elen Joy P. MAED, Ignacio, Eigen John T. MAED. 2019. Building
and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum. Manila. REX
Bookstore.

Lucido, Paz I. PhD.2012 Special Topics Volume 1. Quezon City. Lorimar

Publishing Inc.

Other Printed Materials

Anderson, J. (2010). ICT Transforming Education. Thailand: UNESCO

Gilbert, S. (2001). How To Be a Successful Online Student. Toronto:

McGraw-Hill

Jonassen, D and Howland, J. (2003). Learning To Solve Problems With

Technology. Ohio: Merrill Prentice Hall

Rideout, V.& Hammel, E. (2006). The media family: Electronic media in

the lives of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school age children and their
parents. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

Electronic Materials
http://www.commonsensemedia.org/news-and-media-literacy/what-is-
media-literacy-and-why-is-it-important
www.sitestorteachers.crom/
http://teachers.teach-nology.com/
www.theteacherlist.ca/
http://namle.net/publications/media-literacy-definitions/
 LESSON 7
SOCIAL LITERACY
1. Social Literacy
TOPICS 2. Social Intelligence
What do I LEARNING OUTCOMES
need to At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
learn?  Develop situational awareness about what is appropriate to do
with different social circumstances
 Develop the ability to read social situations
Always-on culture has been a challenge for recent graduates
What do I who entered the workforce without the social intelligence that came
naturally to their old-co-workers. This situation underscores the
need to
importance of educating students in what could be called social literacy
know? to ensure their academic and career success.

Situational Awareness in the Workplace.

While casual office attire has become the norm in many offices,
job interviews typically require more formal dress and behavior to
demonstrate a level of respect. Stories prevail of young adults showing
up to interviews in casual clothing, texting or using phones during job
interviews or even bringing their parent with them.

Such behavior demonstrates a lack of situational awareness

about what is appropriate to do in different social circumstances. While
college classrooms or the actual office atmosphere may allow for a
more casual dress code, students need to be taught what is acceptable
socially in terms of dress or behavior to stand out above their
colleagues.

An ability to read social situations illustrates a strength to

employers-quickly picking up on a client’s mood or expectations in
various business or cross-cultural situations can be the difference
between success and failure.
Social Intelligence in Technological Communication
Text-speak and technology use have affected many young
people’s ability to communicate. For example, college students have
been known to send five-word emails devoid of salutations, courtesy or
context. Often, the emails state something to the effect of “why did I
get a zero on my assignment,” which leaves teachers, who often carry
heavy course of loads, to determine the class, assignment and grade the
student is referring to.

While email has deformalized much of the communication

process, students still need to ensure their writing demotes respect and
provides enough context for professors (or future employers) to readily
respond.
In addition, text-speak has reduced students’ ability to
communicate using correct grammar. Though studying particular
communication genres and what they demand, students can learn more
about what individual situations demand I terms of the formality of
communication. For example, if a professor signs an email “Dr. Smith,”
this is fairly good indication that they expect to be addressed as such
and not informally by their first name.

Social Intelligence in traditional Communication

While email has taken over as the primary method of
communication, traditional modes of discourse still exists. For example,
many employers still expect cover letters in addition to resumes, and
the lack of a thank-you note for a gift is often perceived as more than a
simple social oversight.

An ability to craft these types of documents illustrates an

understanding of social expectations and denotes a level of respect or
appreciation. While not related to the traditional education canon,
learning to properly write a cover letter or business letter or a thank-you
card not only teaches students that these documents exist and are often
necessary, but it also shows them how to craft them, saving them time
and energy in the future.

Years ago, classes focused on the basics of communications were

popular offerings in high schools. These courses were often perceived as
an “easy A” for seniors, and while they probably were, they also taught
students important lessons about how to present themselves. Teachers
taught everything from how to shake hands through how to conduct
written communication.
 Such classes may not teach students a great deal about
traditional subject matter, but the curriculum can mean the difference
between success and failure.

What do I
need to The term appropriateness is social situations in terms of dress code or
behavior, in order to make an edge above other colleges.
remember
? Text-speak and technology still need to ensure respect and correct
grammar.

Traditional modes and discourse still exists.

What does
research Find/review a research on Social Literacy/ Intelligences focusing
say about on its findings. Present it to the class (selected students).
this?
What Activity
insights My personal learning in this topic
have I
gained in
this topic?
What do Assessment
I need I. Research further on said Literacy (e.g. etiquette). Submit
to your written outputs.
do? II. Discuss one issue in social literacy.
III. Are you more of a talker or a listener? Which social skill/s do
you think you need to develop? In what ways can you
develop it/them?

Alata, Elen Joy P. MAED, Ignacio, Eigen John T. MAED. 2019. Building
Where and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum. Manila. REX
Bookstore.
can I
get Electronic Material
additional
Information https://education.cu-portland.edu/blog/classroom-resources/social-
about literacy
this?
 LESSON 8
ICT
1. Ethical Issues in Cyberspace/Cyber Literacy
2. Understanding Cyberspace
TOPICS 3. The Positive Role of Information and Communication Technology
4. Efforts at Cyberspace Protection
LEARNING OUTCOMES
What do I At the end of this Module, the learners should be able to:
need to  Explain what cyberspace means;
learn?  Cite at least three ethical issues in the use of cyberspace;
 Take an informed stand on the issue on cyberspace as boon or
bane, and
 Describe efforts at cyberspace protection.
 Develop the ability to use computer technologies effectively and
to simultaneously understand the implications of those actions.

What do I INTRODUCTION
need to Ethics is a philosophical science drawn from man's
know? consciousness of what is right and wrong. Through the centuries,
ethical norms have been translated into customs and laws of societies.
Ethics and laws naturally vary as cultural traditions govern individual
societies. Observably, the civil and criminal laws of democratic
societies differ, often as radical contrasts to societies governed by
militaristic or religious traditions. The laws of the United States and
democratic countries of the Western World differ sharply with the
laws and ethical standards of societies in the Middle East and Asia,
such as those of China, South Korea, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.
As the world has awakened to digital consciousness and
innovations, the reality of cyberspace or the global computer network
inclusive of the Internet, has opened ethical issues. In opening
electronic mail, modern man, using the Internet as his new means of
communication, finds messages which not only invade his. privacy, but
may be misleading and exploiting. One finds messages such as winning
the lotto, getting a ticket for a Caribbean tour, offering promotional
 products, etc. thinks that something is not right in cyberspace. Even
the most powerful nations on earth like the U.S. have come up with
security warnings over so called "hackers" who have destructive and
sinister motives in the use of Cyberspace.
Invasion of privacy, security breech, transmission of culturally
offensive print or video materials, undue proliferation of sexual
materials, etc: call for consideration along ethical norms which can
guide and protect the millions of users who comprise the digital
generation of our technological age.

Understanding Cyberspace

The space which shrouds the earth is electrically charged. The

streak of lightning in our skies shows the powerful, often destructive,
electrical energy around us. However, man the fashioner, has learned
to tap natural resources like fire, water, and air for his benefit.
Therefore, man has enlivened his cities with light, supplied potable
water to homes, and has tapped the air space for leisure, travel, and
communication. Radio, television and the Internet are the
contemporary technologies devised by man. Wireless radio, cable
television, and internet Sites are the boon of modern age which utilize
the boundless cyberspace.

So far, not everything is clearly right and wrong with the use of
cyberspace. It appears that modern man has the right to use
cyberspace for his own advantage while he is also obliged not to
infringe on other people's rights over the same virtual privilege.
Therefore, those who invade cyberspace privacy, Security and
intellectual property rights appear generally to be in the wrong. Also,
specific issues such as hacking, spamming unwanted messages,
extorting money from innocent Internet users, Using the Web for
commercial sex, etc. call for more incisive assessment so that law and
information and communication technology, clarification on "Tight and
"wrong" needs to be done, leading to the formulation of laws that
define the Civil, as opposed to what is criminal, in the use of
cyberspace.

Among the issues which need to be addressed are:

 What information and other virtual materials can be transmitted
through Cyberspace?
 What information and virtual materials can be accessed and used
without infringement of intellectual property rights such as copyrights
 for print materials and patents for inventions?
 How can we secure information and protect our rights to information
including intellectual, financial and security properties?
 How can piracy on materials of computer sites be prevented, inclusive
among others of publications, researches, video, and cinema movies?
 How can we be protected from hackers who are bent on sowing
anarchy and destruction to internet systems and data bases?

The Positive Role of Information and Communication Technology

Information and Communication Technology Information and
communication technology or the 1CT has a central role in commerce,
industry, government, medicine, education, entertainment and society
at large. The economic and social benefits derivable from the ICT are
so vast that they continue to increase as technological innovations
briskly advance. Today, cable television has allowed homes to have
access to television programs worldwide, use the web-camera for
person-to-person visual contact with friends and business colleagues,
get published through blogs and Web sites, get online jobs as writers
or encoders, possibly even gain instant popularity through videos
uploaded on the U-Tube. These are easily recalled examples of
Cyberspace providing benefits to societies in this digital age.
But the ICT has problematic implications as well. Three main
types of issues with ethical implications are identifiable: personal
privacy, right to access, and harmful actions. These can now be
explored using public reactions "to the effect of technology on their
lives.
In terms of personal privacy, modern man is able to exchange
information and communicate on a wide scale instantaneously and on
a wide scale throughout the world. In this situation, affront on privacy
is possible depending on technology expertise by privacy intruders.
Thus, the spams from whoever in e-mails are situations which boil
down to the e-mailer taking necessary precautions to protect his/her
privacy. In protecting financ1al Interest, It is welt to be warned about
giving disclosures about our bank account or, PIN numbers. For State
and corporate agencies, high priority must be given to install
protective access systems to protect the interest of their members or
clients. Due to the advent or international business and finance,
computer security and access must be given high priority attention,
most especially as there have been attempts at illegal access on
national military and scientific installations by computer hackers.
Needless to say, without protective systems, as well as administrative
and legal measures, Cyberspace cannot be secured from unethical or
illegal access. Harmful consequences can result by way or invasion on
privacy, loss of intellectual or real property rights, and costly damage
to technological systems.

A Table can illustrate a broad classification of various activities

that are unethical and illegal in Cyberspace:

Unethical & Illegal Examples

Practice
Illegal information: fraudulent information, violation of
privacy, false rumors, obscene
information, libelous information, Civil
rights violations, gambling
information
Prejudicial false rumors, drug information, sex
information: information, violent information.
Infringement on e.g. the publication of the topless
privacy and security: photograph of the Duchess of
Cambridge which was in the news
recently

Efforts at Cyberspace protection

In order to protect users from people eavesdropping on private

information, computer developers have proposed intrusion-detection
systems which can detect any 1llegitimate use of an information site or
system. Both the national communities and the international
community have also given attention to comprehensive protection laws,
an example of which is a recent Cyberspace bill introduced by Senator
Edgardo Angara in the Philippine Senate. Meanwhile, technical systems
have been devised such as the setting up of protective firewalls on sites
or systems. Of course in democratic countries like the United States
where there is a more liberal outlook on the right to free expression,
controversies are likely to occur. Such 1S the case of recent anti- Islamic
video uploaded on the U-Tube which has caused havoc in Muslim
countries. Current laws should therefore be reviewed so that
Cyberspace can be a safe and wholesome place for leisure, business,
finance, diplomacy, education and other facets of human life.
As to legislation which have been formulated by some countries,
the following are worthy laws and guidelines on the use of Cyberspace:
In the United States:
  The USA 1970 Freedom of Information Act allows individuals to
access information in Federal government offices;
 USA 1980 Privacy Protection Act provides protection of privacy
in computerized and other documents, USA 1987 Computer
Security Act requires security of information regarding
individuals;
 USA 1997 Consumer Internet Privacy Protection Act requires
prior written consent before a computer service can disclose
subscriber's information;
 USA 1997 Data Privacy Act limits the use of personally
identifiable information and regulates “spamming”

In other countries:

 Japan 2000 MITI Legislation for Ecommerce Legal Provisions for

Electronic Signatures & Certification, and Foundation for
Network-Based Social and Economic Activities;
 Canada 2000 Information Technology Act as a legal framework
for 11
 Singapore 1999 Electronic Transactions,
 Australia 2000 NSW Electronic Transactions Act on application
of legal requirements to electronic communications.
 K 1998 Data Protection Act Data protection and right of data
access.

New participating countries have started formulating statutory

laws to secure individuals from the potential invasion of privacy. In
particular, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) in the US has specific guidelines on data privacy
on internet data access in general, and those who use so-called
"personal data." Security toolbars, the digital ID system are also used.
On technical innovations, encryption technology (Secret codes)
are used by banks, stock trading, e-businesses, Internet shopping, AIMs,
point-of-sale machines. The Sockets Layers (SSL), digital ISS, and
firewalls are examples of innovations to protect Internet users. All these
said, national and international organizations, such as the International
Federation of Information Processors (IFIP), the Association for
Computing Machinery (ACM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (1EEE), the British Computer Society (BCS) and the Institute of
Data Processing Management (IDPM) have recognized the need for new
codes of ethics to inform and advise their members about relevant
 social and ethical issues. Since 1992, the ACM in the U.S. has established
a policy on professional ethics. National accrediting bodies, like the
Computer Sciences Accreditation Board and the Accreditation Board for
Engineering Technology, now require that accredited university
curricula in the computing sciences include mandatory instruction in the
social and ethical effects of information technology.

 Republic Act No. 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of

2012 of the Philippines was approved on 12 September 2012. It
aims to address legal 15sues concerning online interactions.
Among the cybercrime offenses included in the bill are
Cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft,
illegal access to data and libel.

Conclusion

The digital generation should expect both boon and bane from
the new world of virtual reality in cyberspace 1o be expected are
immense benefits to humankind ell as a wide variety of social, political,
and ethical challenges. Through the decades, both problems and gains
human relationships and social development are expected in
cyberspace. 1he main ethical issues on the use of ICT on global
networks hall along go astride personal privacy, data access rights, and
harmful actions on the Internet. Already, these basic issues are being
partially solved using new technological approaches, such as encryption
technique, SSL, digital IDs and computer Are walls. Besides these
protection technologies, legal laws are also being formulated to resolve
Cyberspace issues. Along a positive vein, the digital generation-
individuals, governments and the international community should be
able to generate the appropriate responses to make Cyberspace truly
the virtual space for progress, harmony and peace during the
millennium.

1. Cyberspace is used to describe the virtual world, of computers.

What do I For example, an object in cyberspace refers to a block of data
floating around a computer system or network. With the advent
need to
of the Internet, cyberspace now extends to the global network
remember? of computers. So, after sending an e-mail to your friend, you
could say you sent the message to her through cyberspace.

2. Cyberspace is a domain characterized by the use of electronics

and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and
exchange data via networked systems and associated physical
infrastructures. In effect, cyberspace can be thought of as the
 interconnection of human beings through computers and
telecommunication, without regard to physical geography.

3. Cyberspace is both a boon and a curse. It is delivering untold

benefits to individuals, businesses, governments and society as a
whole. But it is also tool and a target for those with more evil
intentions

4. A lot of measures have been introduced to protect ICI users.

Cyber Literacy

While the word “literacy” alone generally refers to reading and

writing skills, when you add on the word “cyber” before it, the term
encompasses much, much more. By definition, Cyber Literacy means
the ability to use computer technologies effectively and to
simultaneously understand the implications of those actions. It is also
important to know where to go to find reliable and accurate resources
in cyberspace, otherwise known as cyber intelligence. The word
understanding is key here, as it goes beyond knowing how to use the
technology but to have a consciousness of one’s action.

So what is so important about Cyber Literacy?

Actually, quite a lot. You see, just like we use money every single
day and should understand those Financial Literacy components, we
need to understand the computers we use daily and use that knowledge
to protect your data, find information faster, avoid phishing and much
more. Recently, a tenable survey showed that, although virtually all
respondents had heard about data breaches, many have failed to
change their security habits. This could stem from ignorance, denial or a
misunderstanding of their role in protecting data.

The survey also found that only about one-quarter of employees

use multifactor authentication (MFA), and just one-third have reduced
their use of open Wi-Fi hotspots as a result of stories describing security
compromises. In addition, 45 percent of respondents use a personal
identification number (PIN) to lock their laptops and other mobile
devices, and 19 percent use some form of biometric tools such as
fingerprint or facial recognition. This is alarming because most of these
activities, like the cyber literacy discussion itself, have been around for
decades.
 Understanding the cyber terminology, threats and opportunities
is critical for our future managers, law enforcers, business professionals
and leaders. As our society becomes more digital, so do our assets. So,
whether you’re safe guarding your own personal information (social
security numbers, credit card information) or your company’s (client
data, confidential information), you should be doing all you can to
maintain your understanding of cyber protection and intelligence.

1. Read a related research on ethical issues summarize what the

What does research is about issues in cyberspace. In 5 sentences or less
summarize what the research is about.
research
say about 2. While hailed for penalizing illegal acts done via the internet that
this? were not laws, Republic Act 10175 has been criticized for its
provision covered by on criminalizing libel, which is perceive to De a
Curtailment in freedom of expression.

The new Act received mixed reactions upon its enactment especially on
the grounds of freedom of expression, freedom O speech and data
security.

Research on reactions of Filipinos and non-Filipinos on R.A. 10175,

Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012.

What insights on cyberspace have I gained?

What
insights/s Write them here.
have I
gained in
this topic?

What should I do?

1. Draw a symbol of cyberspace indicating its power. List the

advantages and the many good things that it has brought about
and the disadvantages that have come along with its improper
use. Minimum of 2 answers.
Advantages Disadvantages
 2. Make a list of reliable and accurate resources in the cyberspace.
At least three (3) answers.

Alata, Elen Joy P. MAED, Ignacio, Eigen John T. MAED. 2019. Building
Where and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum. Manila. REX
Bookstore.
can I
get Lucido, Paz I. PhD.2013 Special Topics Volume 4. Quezon City. Lorimar
additional Publishing, Inc.
Information
about What materials can I refer to?
this?
ACM, (1992). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, Association
of Computing Machinery, USA,

Chan, Serena and L. Jean Camp, (2002). Law Enforcement Surveillance

in the Network Society, October 1992.

Stephan, Karl D, 2002, Is Engineering Ethics Optional. IEEE Technology

and Society, Volume 20, Number 4, page 6-12.

Electronic Materials
http://www.cybintsolutions.com/what-is-cyber-literacy-why-iportant/

http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/what-is-cyber-literacy-andwhy-is-it-
91600/
 LESSON 9
FINANCIAL LITERACY
1. Personal Finances, Money and Investing
2. What is Financial Literacy
3. Breaking Down Financial Literacy
4. The Importance of Financial Education
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the learners should be able to:
 Make appropriate decision about personal finance and as
investing, insurance, real state, paying for college, budgeting,
retirement and tax planning.

What is Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is the education and understanding of various
financial areas including topics related to managing personal finances,
money and investing. This topic focuses on the ability to manage
personal finance matters in an efficient manner, and it includes the
knowledge of making appropriate decisions about personal finance such
as investing, insurance, real estate, paying for college, budgeting,
retirement and tax planning.

Breaking down Financial Literacy

Financial literacy also involves the proficiency of financial

principles and concepts such as financial planning, compound interest,
managing debut, profitable savings techniques and the time value of
money. The lack of financial literacy may lead to making poor financial
choices that can have negative consequences on the financial well-
being of an individual. Consequently, the federal government created
the Financial Literacy and Education Commission, which provides
resources for people who want to learn more about financial literacy.

The main steps to achieving financial literacy include learning

the skills to create a budget, the ability to track spending, learning the
techniques to pay off debt and effectively planning for retirement.
These steps can also include counseling from a financial expert.
Education about the topic involves understanding how money works,
creating and achieving financial goals and managing internal and
external financial challenges.

The Importance of Financial Education

Financial helps individuals become self-sufficient so that they
can achieve financial stability. Those who understand the subject should
be able to answer several questions about purchases, such as whether
an item is required, whether it is affordable, and whether it is an asset
or a liability.
This field demonstrates the behaviors and attitudes a person
possesses about money that is applied to his daily life. Financial literacy
shows how an individual makes financial decisions. This skill can help a
person develop financial road map to identify what he earns, what he
spends and what he owes. This topic also affects small business owners,
who greatly contribute to economic growth and stability.

Financial illiteracy affects all ages and all socioeconomic levels.

Financial illiteracy causes many people to become victims of predatory
lending, subprime mortgages, fraud and high interest rates, potentially
resulting in bad credit, bankruptcy or foreclosure.

The lack of financial literacy can lead to owing large amount of

debt and making poor financial decisions. For example, the advantages
or disadvantages of fixed and variable interest rates are concepts that
are easier to understand and make informed decisions about if you
possess financial literacy skills. Based on research data by the Financial
Industry regulatory Authority, 63% of Americans are financially
illiterate. They lack the basic skills of reconcile their bank accounts, pay
their bills on time, pay off debt and plan for the future.
 Financial literacy education should also include organizational
skills, attention to detail, consumer rights, technology and global
economics because the state of the global economy greatly affects the
U.S economy.
10 most common money mistakes
 Living beyond your means
 Not saving enough
 Being materialistic
 Giving in to greed
 Not knowing what you want
 Failing to pay off debts
 Getting killed by advertisements
 Not having a plan
 Not having a financial education
 Procrastinating

Get a copy of the DepEd Financial Literacy Program. Make a reaction

paper about it.

Activity 1
I. My personal learning in this topic:

Activity 2
Research on successful people in the business world (e.g. Henry
Sy of SMDC, Jack Ma of China). Write their story of success.

Assessment
Submit a budget plan

Alata, Elen Joy P. MAED, Ignacio, Eigen John T. MAED. 2019. Building
and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum. Manila. REX
Bookstore.

Dupito, M Salve, Phillippine Daily Inquirer, Business Section, December

1, 2008, B2-7.

Electronic Materials

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-literacy.asp
 LESSON 10
SAFEGUARDING THE ENVIRONMENT OUR EARTH, OUR HOME

1. Safeguarding the Environment our Earth, our Home (Let’s go GREEN)

2. Environment Education/ Ecological Literacy
3. What is Environment Education
4. Goals, Objectives and Aims of Environmental Education
5. Environmental Issues a Concerns
6. Environmental Principles
7. Eco literacy
8. Nested Systems
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, the learners should be able to:

 Gain a basic understanding on environmental education
 Acquire skills to be actively involved in investigating
environmental issues and concerns and respond to them
 Develop an emotional tie with the natural and build
environment knowledge with ethics so that they can actively
participate towards environmental improvement and
protection.
 Develop understanding of the organization of natural system
and the process that maintain the healthy functioning of living
system and sustain life on earth.

INTRODUCTION:

Our world today is very different from the past. Since the time the
International Earth Day was proclaimed in 1970 by its founder, John
McConnel, our awareness and knowledge about the environment has
increased dramatically. It is a well-known fact that the biosphere
continues to suffer from the abusive impact of human populations and
their technology. Depletion of natural resources, localized famine
aggravated by land misuse and expanding population, the growing list
of species extinguished or endangered by loss of habitat, the poisoning
of soil and streams with toxic wastes, and global warming caused by
deforestation and combustion of fossil-fuels these are just a few of the
problems that we have created and now must be solved. Analyzing
environmental issues and planning for better practices start with a basic
understanding of ecology, which shall be a part of any student's
education about the environment.

What is environmental education?

As early as the 18th century, Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced a
philosophy on environmental education in his work, Emile. Several
decades later, this philosophy was echoed by Louis Agassiz, a Swiss-
born naturalist, as he encouraged students to study nature, not books.
These two influential scholars helped lay the foundation for the
concrete environmental education program, known as nature study,
which took place in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Environmental education is a process by which people develop
awareness, concern and knowledge of the environment and learn to
use this understanding to preserve, conserve and utilize the
environment in a sustainable manner for the benefit of present and
future generations. It entails the will to take personal initiatives and
social participation to achieve sustainability.

It is intended for all types of learners, students, out-of-school

youth, community leaders, policy makers and the general public to
develop appropriate environment-related skills.

Goals, Objectives and Aims of Environmental Education

The main goal of environmental education is to develop concern and awareness
among world population about the total environment and its associated problems.
This requires a commitment to work individually and collectively towards solution of
current problems and the necessary prevention.
The goals of environmental education are:
1. To improve the quality of environment
2. To create awareness among the people on environmental problems and
conversation
3. To create an atmosphere so that people participate in decision-making and develop
the capabilities to evaluate the developmental programs Top of Form

The objectives of environmental educational are classified as follows:

1. Awareness: to help social groups and individuals acquire an awareness of and
sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems.
2. Knowledge: to help social groups and individuals gain a variety of experiences and
 acquire a basic understanding of the environment and its associated problems.
3. Attitudes: to help social groups and individuals acquire a set of values and feeling of
concern for the environment and the motivation for actively participating in
environmental improvement and protection environmental problems.
4. Skills: to help social groups and individuals acquire the skills for identifying and
solving environmental problems
5. Participation: to provide social groups and individuals with an opportunity to be
actively involved at all levels working towards the resolution of environmental
problems.

Aims of Environmental Education

The basic aim of environmental education is to provide different groups of people

as well as graduates in a variety of professional fields with the knowledge needed to
develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment and the rational utilization
of its riches. It also aims to make use of these knowledge and skills to preserve,
conserve and utilize the environment in a sustainable manner for the benefit of
present and future generations. It involves learning how to employ new technologies,
increase productivity, avoid environmental disasters, alleviate poverty, utilize new
opportunities and work individually and collectively toward the solution of existing
environmental problems and prevention of new ones.

Importance of Environmental Education

1. Increases student engagement in science
2. Improves student achievement in core subject areas
3. Provides critical tools for a 21st century workforce
4. Helps address "nature deficit disorder”

Major Environmental Issues and Concerns

There are so many aspects of the environment which are being affected today.
Problems with over population, deforestation and with many different things that
ultimately lead to the devastation of the natural environment and to concerns that have
impact on all people living on this planet. The Environmental Protection Agency has
broken down these concerns into four major areas namely water, air, waste, land and
climate change.

Environmental
Issues and Causes Effects
Concerns
1. Dumping industrial wastes into the 1.Damage to the food
nearby sources of water chain.
2. Improper disposal of human and 2.Diseases can be spread
3. Fertilizers, pesticides used in through polluted water.
agriculture 3.Acid rain
4. Pathogens, sediments and chemical 4.Alteration of the over all
pollutants chemistry of water
5.Contaminated Marine
Water Pollution food sources
6.Altered water
temperatures which can
kill the marine life.

1. Burning of fossil fuel. 1. Acid rain

2. Increased level of carbon dioxide in 2. Health problems to
the air human beings i.e.
3. Car exhausts and other emissions respiratory disorders,
(SMOG) cancer etc.
Air Pollution
4. Released extra dust and sand into the 3 Global warming
air due to desertification of wilderness
5. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) used in
refrigerants and aerosol propellants 6
Increased road and air traffic
1. Degenerative actions i.e. 1. Leads to loss of forest
deforestation, overuse of pesticides and cover of the earth.
chemical fertilizers, desertification, 2. Destruction of natural
mining, inadequate waste treatment habitat of species leading
2. Misuse of land i.e. desertification, to their extinction.
land conversion, felling of trees to clear 3. Biomagnification
land for agriculture. whereby certain non-
3. Soil pollution caused by overuse of biodegradable substances
chemical fertilizers and pesticides. accumulate in the food
4. Land conversion chain affecting the food
Waste and Land 5. Urbanization, improper waste pyramid.
Pollution disposal, E-wastes, industrial activities, 4 Effects of biodiversity
nuclear research, etc. that brings about
disruption of the balance
of nature 5. Diseases,
health problems.
Climate Change 1. Global warming due to "greenhouse 1. Heat waves
 effect" 2 Rising temperature
2. Increased world population 3 Worsened air
3. Burning of fossil fuels pollution
4 Increased SMOG
5 Wildfire smoke and
pollution
6 Drought, floods
7 Spread of epidemic
diseases
8 Worsened
waterborne
illnesses, infectious
diseases

Environmental Principles
Nature has its own laws that would ensure its stability and sustainability,
These laws have allowed it to Survive for the last million years. Human
beings as part of nature must learn to observe and respect these laws.

Nature knows best. Nature has the ability to regulate, perpetuate and
maintain its balance and keep both living and non-living components
stable. However, when humans interrupt and alter these abilities,
imbalance happens and ecological backlash occurs. In fact, natural
calamities are mechanisms used by the environment to keep itself from
balance.

All forms of life are equally important. All living organisms have
the inherent right to exist. All of them play an important role that is
evident in the food chain. Diversity is the characteristic of nature and the
basis of ecological stability. Biodiversity in many ways supports human
life.
Everything is interconnected. All
things on earth are connected to everything
else Each organism depends on other
organisms to survive. (food chain/web).
When we break the chain of
interconnectedness and drastically alter the same these will result to
extinction and species will perish.

Everything changes. Seasons help produce different flowers, fruits,

vegetables and other crops. Every year in animals, changes can be seen
in the transformation of caterpillar to butterflies, maggots to fly, etc. The
process is called metamorphosis. These changes produce new life forms
that are essential in maintaining the balance in nature.
Everything must go somewhere. This law reminds us of the Law of Conservation of
matter. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed. Since
everything that we see around us is "matter" then we should know that nothing here on
earth disappears or simply goes away. Biodegradable waste eventually goes back to the
soil. However, the nature only has the ability to recycle natural products.

Ours is a finite Earth. This law tells us that there are limits to the population that
an area can support to prevent exhaustion of resources, limits to the amount of yield that
an area can produce at a particular time to maintain its ability to sustain life.

N a t u r e i s b e a
. Humans are barely borrowers of the Earth resources. As they are the only ones gifted
with the capacity to make use of their intellect, they have also been given the
responsibility to conserve and protect nature which is their source of existence and
sustenance.

Our nation's future relies on a well-educated public to be wise stewards of

the very environment that sustains us, our families and communities, and future
generations. What we do with it in our homes, communities, our lifestyles, what we buy
and what we consume- all of these have a huge impact in our environment, on our
mother Earth. Let's continue to do our part. Make changes and together we'll make
difference.

Nature knows
Best
All forms of life are equally
important.
Everything is
interconnected
Environment Everything changes.
Principles
Everything must go
somewhere
Ours is a finite earth

Nature beautiful and we are stewards

of God’s creation

Water
Pollutio
n
Major Environment
Air
Waste and Land
Pollution
Issues and Concerns polluti
on

Climate
Title of the Research: A Development of Environmental Education
Teaching Process by Using Ethics Infusion for
Undergraduate Students

Researcher: Wongchantra, Prayoon; Boujai, Pairoj ; Sata, Winyoo;

Nuangchalerm,
Prasart Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
University of
Masarakham, Masarakham 441 50, Thailand

The Findings:
1. The use of the environmental ethics infusion method in
teaching environmental
education is effective in raising the awareness and
understanding of students
along the four topics namely Forest, water resource, rubbish
and global warmth.

2. Environmental education teaching process using ethics

infusion could develop the students' environmental knowledge
and environmental ethics at a higher level.

3. Students got higher scores of environmental knowledge and

environmental ethics when the teachers made use of the ethics
infusion method.

4. Teachers teaching environmental education should be

supported to be able to implement the environmental ethics
infusion method in their teaching.

Reference:
http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet
?accno- ED506840
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences v5 n9 p941-944 2008. 4
pp.
Peer Reviewed
 Publication Date: 2008 ISSN: 1683-883 1
ECOLITERACY
The basic principles of ecoliteracy are a good starting point to
explore some of the fundamental lessons we can learn from nature and
how they might inform some guiding questions for the redesign of our
economies, industries and society.
Ecoliteracy is the ability to understand the organization of
natural systems and the processes that maintain the healthy
functioning of living systems and sustain life on Earth. An ecologically
literate person is able to apply this understanding to the design and
organization of our human communities and the creation of
regenerative culture.
Originally promoted by the environmental educator David W.
Orr(12) and the physicist Fritjof Capra(195), nurturing ecological literacy
in students of a wide range of ages has become the goal of
sustainability education programmes worldwide.
The Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkely, California has been
instrument in spreading its innovative secondary school ecoliteracy
curriculum around Calirfornia, Hawaii and now even some schools on
the island of Majorca. School gardens become the living activity
classroom where children learns maths, ecology and systems thinking
while growing healthy food. Teachers and students together, learn from
nature, through nature, and as nature. The centre defined a series of
ecological principles (Center of Ecoliteracy,2015) that can help us frame
questions we might want to ask as we aim to design as nature:
Networks: A life in an ecosystem is interconnected through networks of
relationship defining life-sustaining processes.
How can we increase the vitality ad sustainability of our own
communities by weaving mutuality supportive relationship between
our human community networks and the rest of nature’s life-
sustaining networks?
Networks are the patterns of organization expressing life’s
fundamental interbeing. They make mutual support, learning, exchange
and nurturing relationships possible. One example of applying this
lesson in human design is to avoid or decrease unnecessary disruption
of life-sustaining networks within and between ecosystems. Nature-
bridges over motorways in the Netherlands, Germany, France and in
Canadian natural parks are doing just that. These artificially constructed
often hundred-metre-long-over-paths across major motorways and
railway lines are not for human use, but are designed to let migrating
animals roam more freely without dividing up their habitat with
insurmountable obstacles. In a more general sense the creation of
‘wildlife corridors’ from one wilderness reserve to another serves a
similar function. By allowing for migratory patterns to continue and
avoiding the fragmentation of a species habitat, we are maintaining
biodiversity and the health and resilience of natural ecosystems.
This wilderness bridge (ecoduct) provides a safe crossing path
for wildlife amidst the danger of highways.
Nested Systems: Nature is structured as nested systems within systems
(or processes within processes). Each individual system is an integrated
whole and is simultaneously compromised of smaller sub-systems as
well as being integrated into larger systems. This scale-linking structure
means that changes at one scale can affect all other scales.

How can scale-link our human systems in synergy within the nested
eco-social systems that provide resilience and vitality?
Nested systems are part of nature’s pattern of health and
resilience as they create both interconnection and a degree of self-
reliance at different scales. (This is an excerpt of subchapter from
Designing Regenerative Cultures, published by Triachy Press,2016) As
we saw in Chapter 4, the resilience and vibrancy of systems at any scale
depend on this interlinking ‘panarchy’ which maintains redundancy,
diversity, adaptability and transformability. Relocalizing production and
consumption will increase local/regional resilience and decrease the
multiple negative impacts of unnecessary transport of goods and
materials.

A sustainable community has a certain level of self-reliance with

regard to meeting its needs for energy, food, water, shelter; transport,
healthcare and education at the local community level. For these semi-
self-reliant systems to work and be resilient they have to be designed as
nested systems within a local, regional, national and global context,
based on knowledge exchange, collaboration and the exchange of the
materials, goods and services that cannot be easily provided at the
smaller scale or by using the naturally occurring regenerative resources
of a particular locality.

Activity 1
1. Reflect on the following lyrics of the song: "Paraiso" by Smokey
Mountain. Write your reflection/insights on these.

Return to a land called paraiso a place where a dying river ends.

No birds there fly over paraiso, no space allows them to endure.
The smoke that screens the air, the grass that's never there.
And if l could see a single bird, what a joy, I try to write some
 words and create a simple song to be heard by the rest of the
world.

I live in this land called paraiso, in a house made of cardboard

floors and walls.
Learned to be free in paraiso, free to claim anything I see.
Matching rags for my clothes, plastic bags for the cold.
And if empty cans were all T have, what a joy, I never fight to take
someone
Else's coins and live with fear like the rest of the boys.
Paraiso, help me make a stand, Paraiso, take me by the hand
Paraiso, make the world understand that if i could see a single
bird, what a joy.
This tired and hungry land could expect some truth and hope and
respect
From the rest of the world.
GENESIS IN REVERSE

In the beginning was the earth. It was beautiful. And humans

lived upon the earth, and humans said: Let us build skyscrapers and
expressways'". And humans covered the earth concrete. And humans
said, "It is good"

On the second day, humans looked upon the clear blue waters of
the earth And humans said: Let us dump sewage and wastes into the
waters". And humans did. The waters became dark and murky. And
humans said: "It is good”.

On the third day, humans gazed at the forests of the earth. They
were tall and green. And humans Said: "Let us cut the trees and build
things for ourselves". And humans did. And the forest grew thin. And
humans said: "It is good"

On the fourth day, human

I saw the animals leaping in the fields and playing in the sun. Animals
became scarce. And humans said: "Let us trap the animals for money
and shoot them for sport". And humans did. And the animals became
scarce. And humans said: “It is good”.

On the fifth day humans felt the cool breeze in his nostrils, And
humans said: "Let us burn our refuse and let the wind blow away the
smoke and debris" And humans did. And the air became dense with
smoke and carbon. And humans said: "It is good".
 On the sixth day, humans saw many kinds of people on the
earth, different in race Color and Creed. And humans feared and said:
"Let us make bombs and missiles in case misunderstandings arise" And
humans did Missile sites and bomb dumps checkered the landscape.
And humans said: "It is good"

On the seventh day, humans rested. And the earth was quiet
and deathly still. For humans was no more. And it was good.
Activity 2
World Hunt. Test your Green Vocabulary. Locate the words listed in the
grid.
Source:
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/pdf/WordSearchGreen.pdf
Activity 3 Write a reaction paper

Film Viewing: HOME by Yann Arthus-

Bertrand
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jqxENMKaeCu. Make a reaction paper
(optional).

Green Tips to Save Mother Earth

Here are some practical and small ways that could help our
planet get a sigh of relief:
1. Don’t throw away plastic or polythene pouches anywhere.
Throw them in appropriate container marked as plastic
disposables dustbin.
2. Don’t waste too much water unnecessarily as bathing under
shower for 10 minutes can waste up to 70 gallons of water,
while we can bathe in 2 buckets of 20 liters.
3. Don’t destroy the grass covering around your house completely.
The insects and microorganisms will suffer. Also soil erosion will
occur heavily in absence of grass.
4. Don’t cut big trees around your house for letting in more
sunlight. You can prune the branches.
5. Don’t drive too fast. It will lead to more fuel consumption. Also
make sure that your vehicle does not pollute the environment.
6. Don’t use inorganic fertilizers or pesticides in your garden and
try to treat the plants by organic materials. This will maintain the
soil fertility.
7. Don’t buy any illegal wildlife product (fur, bones, nails, feathers).
Also stop buying meats of tortoise, shark, dolphin, etc., as when
buying stops, killings stops, too.
8. Save power. It can be inform of electricity, petrol, diesel,
 firewood, etc. whatever it may be we, are getting it at the
expense of natural resources, so optimum use power will boost
not only our economy, but also our environment.
9. Take steps for hazardous waste management or segregation of
waste. The biodegradable ones can be composted, if you have a
terrace or a garden. It is a brilliant fertilizer if you are fond of
plants.
10. Don’t release those colorful balloons in the air. For balloons that
escaped the grasp of your hands will get into the oceans and
seas and they will be mistaken as yummy jellyfish bye sea
turtles. Sea turtles take a lot of years to mature and
unfortunately some of them got killed by eating balloon or
plastic bags.
11. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Make it a habit to reduce the things
we need or we consume. Purchase only things that we only
need and eat only what you can. Let us do our share not to be
part of the garbage problem. Reuse all the things that can still
repaired/fixed or those things that are still okay.
12. Recycle things to conserve our resources, collect old
newspapers, books, magazines, used papers, bottles (plastic and
glass), and any other things that you could sell in junkyards.
There is money in garbage and at the same time we’re doing our
part in recycling process.
13. Be kind to trees. As much as possible use forest products and
timber very well with optimum efficiency. Use both sides of
paper. Use pencils until they become as small as possible, and
don’t play with matches. Try to get involved in tree planting in
your local conservation program. This could be fun as trees can
give use added oxygen, shades for people and a refuge to
different insects and birds.
14. Broken scientific apparatus like thermometer, barometers,
manometers, sphygmomanometers, and float valves and other
things that have mercury is toxic and poisonous.
15. Minimize the use refrigerators, foam blowers, solvent, aerosol
spray propellants, fire extinguishers, and chemical reagents for
these contains chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that are responsible
to the climate change and depletion of our precious ozone layer.
Do not burn plastic please. This habit is also harmful to our
ozone layer.
16. Do not by exotic and endangered animals. These animals are
intended to be in the wild not as mere decorations to your
home or as pets or playthings.
 17. Do not even bother to try eating exotic and endangered animals
for they are intended to be part of human’s diet. Let the other
predatory animal do the stalking and eating. You’re not fit to be
a lion. One of the most badly hit by these human’s hunger for
delicious foods are the sharks (shark fin soup), sturgeon
(sturgeon roes –caviar- are valued for their great taste and one
of the most prized eats in the world), snakes, sea turtles and
many other animals.
18. Do not patronized things (coats, purse, belt, etc) that are made
up of an endangered animal or animal part (like skin, fur, bones,
tusk, antlers, etc.).
19. Be responsible with your garbage, dispose them properly. Also
try to use segregation scheme with your trashes, separate those
decomposable from those that are not. You may utilized a
compost pit to house all of your organic trashes and eventually
use this as your fertilizer for your backyard garden or to your
plants.
20. Get active in the community! Encourage others to make these
changes and start working towards a better, more sustainable
world. And last, but not the least – SHARE this information.

Assessment
Something “green’’ to do:
1. Research Project: E-Waste
The amount of e-waste
(electronic trash)
throughout the world
continues to grow.
Conduct a research
project to learn more
about e-waste, its
effects, and how people
can work to reduce e-
waste.

Directions:

1. Come up with a list of things you’d like to find out about e-

waste. Examples of such questions include:
a. What are the environmental issues associated with e-waste?
b. Which countries produce the most e-waste?
c. What are the human hazards associated with e-waste?
 d. What are countries around the world doing to reduce e-waste?

2. Enrichment Activity :
Research on how other countries maintain the healthy functioning
of living system in their places and sustain life on earth. Submit
your output.

AN OATH TO SAVE MOTHER EARTH

Fill up this form.

I,__________________________________, being a good citizen of our planet, shall

use my learning in Environmental Education to preserve and protect the environment
and all life in it. I believe that genuine learning does not end with just passing my
examination, but should continue into doing good for my country and for the
environment.

I am a ________________student of __________________________________,
(Year) (school)
a/an _________________________________citizen and a STEWARD of the environment.

Signature: _________________________________
Date: _________________________________

Alata, Elen Joy P. MAED, Ignacio, Eigen John T. MAED. 2019. Building
and Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum. Manila. REX
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Kankeliowitch, Anne. 2007. 50 Ways to Save the Earth. HNA Harry N.

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