Module 4.1 Method of Consistent Deformation Merged

Title : Method of Consistent Deformation (MCD)
Intended Learning Outcomes :

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :
1. Analyze a primary structure
2. Write the compatibility equation
3. Calculate the deflections/rotation in the compatibility equations
4. Determine the magnitudes of the redundant forces
Discussions :
A. Definition of Terms :
1. Primary Structure – a structure derived from an indeterminate structure that is stable and
determinate that is usually formed by removing the redundant reactions(redundants).
2. Redundant - A support reaction considered to add to the degree of indeterminacy of the
original structure.
3. Method of Consistent Deformation – A force method of structural analysis that uses
equilibrium equations and compatibility equations to determine the unknown reactions in an
indeterminate structure.
B. Developing the Compatibility Equation

Consider a propped beam loaded with a uniform load as shown below, From inspection, it is
determined that it is indeterminate to the first degree.
Indeterminate to the first degree
Assume that the vertical support reaction (By) is a redundant force, the primary structure can
now be drawn. The deflection ∆B' at the beam end at B can be drawn as shown below.
Primary Structure ,
(Reaction force By chosen as a redundant force)
The vertical support reaction (By) acting alone will create a deflection ∆BBy. The deflection
∆BBy can be read as "the deflection at B due to the force By".
Reaction Force By
acting alone
The Compatibility equation can be written as ,

∆'B + ∆BBy = 0 .
This equation is equal to zero because of the presence of the support reaction which prevents vertical
deflection at end B.
Consider a unit load acting in the same direction as By as shown. The deflection δBBy can be
read as the deflection at B due to a unit vertical load at B.
Unit load acting at B
Using the unit load method, it can be shown that

∆BBy = δBBy ● By .
The compatibility equation can now be written as,
∆'B + δBBy ● By = 0 .
C. Indeterminate Beam Example
Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the beam shown below. Neglect axial
deformation and the weight of the beam. Assume constant EI.
Solution :
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Indeterminate to the 1st Degree
2. Draw the Primary Structure

Consider the vertical reaction By as redundant.
3. Draw the redundant force By acting alone.
4. Draw a vertical unit load at B.

5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'B and δBBy .
1 5 1 5
1. ∆' D=
EI ∫0
Mmdx + ∫0 Mmdx
EI
1 5 3 1 5
1. ∆' B= ∫ ( 16.25x− x 2 )(−0.5x) dx+ ∫0 (18.75x−2 x 2)(−0.5x) dx
EI 0 2 EI
∆'B = -221.354/EI – 234.275/EI
∆'B = -455.729/EI KN-m2
1 5 1 5
1.δ BBy = ∫
EI 0
Mmdx +
EI ∫0
Mmdx
1 5 1 5
1.δ BBy = ∫
EI 0
(0.5x)(0.5x)dx+ ∫ (0.5x)( 0.5x)dx
EI 0
δBBy =20.833 /EI m2
6. Write the Compatibility Equation.

∆'B + ∆BBy = 0
∆'B + δBBy ● By = 0
-455.729/EI + 20.833 /EI ● By = 0
By = 21.875 KN ↑ (as assumed)
7. Determine the Support Reactions.
∑Fx = 0; Ax = 0
∑MA = 0;
3(5)(2.5) + 4(5)(7.5) – By(5) + Cy(10) =0
Cy = 7.8125 KN ↑
∑MC = 0;
3(5)(7.5) + 4(5)(2.5) – By(5) + Ay(10) = 0
Ay = 5.3125 KN ↑
`
Check Equilibrium
∑Fy = 0;
Ay + By + Cy = 3(5) +4(5)
5.3125 + 21.875 + 7.8125 = 35
35 = 35 (ok)
D. Indeterminate Frame Example

Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the frame shown below. Neglect axial
deformations and the weight of the frame. Assume constant EI.
Solution :
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Consider the horizontal reaction Dx as redundant.
3. Draw the redundant force Dx acting alone.
4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.
5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .

1. ∆' D=2
[ 1 4
∫
EI 0
Mmdx +
1 2.5
∫ Mmdx
EI 0 ]
(member AB) (member BE)
the factor “2” is used to take advantage of symmetry
1. ∆' D=2 0+
[1 2.5
EI
∫ 0
x
(12.5x−4x )(4)dx
2
2 ]
∆'D = 729.166/EI KN-m
1.δ DDx =2
EI[
1 4
∫ 0
1 2.5
(1.x)(1.x)dx+ ∫0 (4)(4) dx
EI ]
δDDx = 2 (21.33 + 40) /EI
δDDx = 122.66/EI m2
6. Write the Compatibility Equation.
∆'D + ∆DDx = 0
∆'D + δDDx ● Dx = 0
229.166/EI + 122.66/EI ● Dx = 0
Dx = -1.862 KN
Dx = 1.862 KN ←
7. Determine the Support Reactions.
∑Fx = 0;
Ax + Dx = 0
Ax = 1.862 KN →
∑Fy = 0;
-5 - 4(5) + Ay + By =0
Due to symmetry : Ay = By
2Ay = 25 KN
Ay = 12.5 KN ↑
By = 12.5 KN ↑
E. Indeterminate Truss Example

Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the truss shown below. Neglect the
weight of the truss. Assume constant AE.
Solution :
r = 4,
r – 3 = 1;
Consider the horizontal reaction Dx as redundant.
3. Draw the redundant force Dx acting alone.
4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.
5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .
Member Forces
Member L(m) S' (KN) u S'uL (KN-m) u2L (m)
AB 3 5.625 1/2 8.44 0.75
AC 5 -9.375 5/6 -39.06 3.472
BC 4 7.500 -2/3 -20 1.7778
BD 5 9.375 5/6 39.06 3.472
CD 3 -5.625 1/2 -8.44 0.75
∑ -20 10.2218
S ' uL −20 u 2 L 10.2218

∆' D =∑ = δ DDx =∑ =
AE AE AE AE
6. Write the Compatibility Equation
∆'D + ∆DDx = 0
∆'D + δDDx ● Dx = 0
-20/AE + 10.2218/AE ● Dx = 0
Dx = 1.957 KN →
7. Determine the Support Reactions

∑Fx = 0;
Ax + Dx = 0
Ax = 1.957 KN ←
∑MA = 0;
15(3) - Dy(6) +Dx(4) = 0
45 - Dy(6) + 1.957(4) = 0
Dy = 8.805 KN ↑
∑Fy = 0;
Ay + Dy = 15
Ay + 8.805 = 15
Ay = 6.195 KN ↑
F. Indeterminate to the second degree : Beam Example

Determine the magnitudes of the roller support reactions in the beam shown below. Neglect
axial deformation and the weight of the beam. Assume constant EI.
Solution :
r = 5,
r – 3 = 2;
Indeterminate to the 2nd Degree
2. Draw the Primary Structure and Calculate the Deflections
Using the Unit Load Method : ∆'B = 2988/EI KN-m2

∆'C = 7320/EI KN-m2
3. Apply a vertical unit load at B and Determine the Deflections.
δBBy = 72/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at B)

δCBy = 162/EI m2 (deflection at C due to a vertical unit load at B)
Note : The unit load method can be used to determine these values.
The double integration method can also be used to determine these values.
4. Apply a vertical unit load at C and Determine the Deflections.
δBCy = 162/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at C)

δCCy = 443.66/EI m2 (deflection at C due to a vertical unit load at C)
5. Write the compatibility equations.

∆'B + δBBy ● By + δBCy ● Cy = 0
∆'C + δCBy ● By + δCCy ● Cy = 0
Substitute the calculated values,
2988/EI + 72/EI ● By + 162/EI ● Cy = 0
7320/EI + 162/EI ● By + 443.66/EI ● Cy = 0
Solve simultaneously,
By = -24.518 KN (wrong assumed direction of unit load)
Cy = -7.547 KN (wrong assumed direction of unit load)
By = 24.518 KN ↑ (Answer)
Cy = 7.547 KN ↑ (Answer)
Self Learning Assessment
Use the method of consistent deformation. Neglect the weight of structures
1. Determine all support reactions.

EI is constant.
w = 3 KN/m, L = 5m
Ans. By = 5.625 KN

AE is constant.
Ans. Dy = 5 KN
3. Determine support reactions.

EI is constant.
Ans. Dy = 12 KN
References :
1. Kassimali, A.(2015), Structural Analysis 5th Edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd, Taguig City
2. Hsieh, Y(1970), Elementary Theory of Structures, Prentice-Hall, University of Michigan
Title : Slope Deleflection Method (SDM)

1. Determine the Fixed End Moments
2. Write the Moment Equation
3. Write the moment Equilibrium equations
4. Determine the magnitudes of the unknown reactions and moments
Discussions :
A. Element of the Slope Deflection Method(SDM)
Fixed End Moments (FEM)
When a beam is fully-restrained at both ends, the fixed-end moments represent the the
reaction moments at each end. Figure A.1 shows a concentrated load, a uniform load, and lastly- a
uniformly varying load applied at each fixed-fixed beam.
Figure A.1 Fixed End Moments for various loads
Sign Convention
The following orientation/sense represent the positive Fixed-End Moment, rotation, and
deflection as used in the SDM.
Figure B.1 Positive Magnitudes for FEM, θ, and ∆

End Moments
MAB = End Moment at end A

MBA = End Moment at end B
θA = Rotation at end A
θB = Rotation at end B
∆ = Displacement of end B relative to end A
B. Slope Deflection Equations
M AB=
2EI
L (
2θ A+θ B−3
∆
L )
+FEM AB
M BA=
2EI
L (
2θ B+θ A−3
∆
L )
+FEM BA
C. Indeterminate Beam Example

Solution :
1. Write the FEM's
FEMAB = -4(6)2/12 = -12 KN-m
FEMBA = 4(6)2/12 = 12 KN-m
FEMBC = -4(5)2/12 = -8.33 KN-m
FEMCB = 4(5)2/12 = 8.33 KN-m
2. Write the End Moments
θA = 0, Fixed Support
∆ = 0, no vertical displacement
M AB=
2EI
L (
2θ A+θ B−3
∆
L )
+FEM AB
&
M BA=
2EI
L (2θ B+θ A−3 )
∆
L
+FEM BA
2EI
M AB=
6
( θ B )−12 KN.m
2EI
M BA=
6
( 2θB )+12 KN.m
2EI ̄ KN.m
M BC =
5
( 2θB +θ C )−8. 33
2EI ̄ KN.m
M CB =
5
( 2θC +θ B )+8. 33
3. Write the Equilibrium Equations

MBA + MBC = 0
2EI 2EI ̄
6
( 2θB ) +12+
5
( 2θ B+θ C )−8. 33=0
22EI 2EI ̄
15
( θ B )+ 5 ( θ C )+3. 66=0
→ E1
MCB = 0 , roller end

2EI ̄
5
( 2θ C +θ B )+8. 33=0
→ E2
solve E1 and E2 simultaneously,

θB = 0.3947/EI KN-m2
θC = -10.6140/EI KN-m2
3. Determine the magnitude of the End Moments
2EI
M AB=
6
( θ B )−12 KN.m
= -11.868 KN-m
2EI
M BA=
6
( 2θB )+12 KN.m
= 12.263KN-m
2EI ̄ KN.m
M BC =
5
( 2θB +θ C )−8. 33
= -12.263KN-m
2EI ̄ KN.m
M CB =
5
( 2θC +θ B )+8. 33
= 0 KN-m (roller support)

Consider member BC
∑MB = 0
Cy(5) + 12.263 - 4(5)(2.5) = 0
Consider the entire beam
∑MA = 0
7.547(11) + By(6) + 11.868 – 4(11)(5.5) = 0
∑Fy = 0
Ay + By + Cy - 4(11) = 0
Ay = 16.934 KN ↑
D. Indeterminate Frame Example
Solution :
1. Write the FEM's
FEMAB = 0 (no load)
FEMBA = 0
2 2
−4 (5) 5( 2.5)( 2.5)
FEM BC = − 2
=−11.458 ̄
3 KN.m
12 5
4(5)2 5( 2.5)( 2.5)2 ̄ KN.m
FEM CB = + =11.458 3
12 52
FEMCD = 0
FEMDC = 0
2. Write the End Moments

∆= 0
2EI
M AB=
4
( 2θ A+θ B ) KN.m
2EI
M BA=
4
( 2θB+θ A ) KN.m
2EI
M BC =
5
( 2θB +θ C )−11.458 ̄3 KN.m
2EI
M CB =
5
( 2θC +θ B )+11.458 ̄3 KN.m
2EI
M CD=
5
( 2θC +θ D ) KN.m
2EI
M DC =
5
( 2θ D+θ C ) KN.m
3. Write the Equilibrium Equations

MAB = 0 , pin-support
2EI
4
( 2θ A+θ B ) =0
θ B =−2θ A
MBA + MBC = 0
2EI 2EI
4
( 2θ B +θ A) + 5 ( 2θ B +θ C )−11.458 ̄3=0
θB + 0.5θA + 0.8θB + 0.4θC – 11.4583/EI =0 → E1
due to symmetry, θ C =−θ B and θ D =−θ A
simplify E1
-2.3θA = 11.4583/EI
θA = -4.9819/EI KN-m2
θB = 9.9638/EI KN-m2
θC = -9.9638/EI KN-m2
4. Calculate the magnitudes of the End Moments

substitute θA, θB , and θC
MAB = 0 (pin support)
MBA = 7.473 KN-m
MBC = -7.473 KN-m
MCB = 7.473 KN-m
MCD = -7.473 KN-m
MDC = 0 (pin support)
5. Calculate the support reactions
∑Fy = 0
Ay + Dy - 4(5) -5 = 0
Ay + Dy - 25 = 0
due to symmetry, Ay = Dy
Ay = 12.5 KN ↑ (Answer)
Dy = 12.5 KN ↑ (Answer)
Consider member AB
∑MB = 0
Ax(4) – 7.473 = 0
Ax = 1.868 KN →
due to symmetry Ax = -Dx
Dx = 1.868 KN ←
Support Reactions
Use the slope deflection method(SDM) . Neglect the weight of structures.

EI is constant.
w = 3 KN/m, L = 5m
Ans. By = 5.625 KN
2. Determine all support reactions. EI is constant.
Ans. By = 21.875 KN
3. Determine support reactions. Neglect Sidesway

EI is constant.
Ans. Dy = 12 KN
References :
Title : Moment Distribution Method (SDM)

1. Determine the Fixed End Moments
2. Calculate the relative stiffness
3. Perform a moment distribution cycle
4. Determine the magnitudes of the unknown reactions and moments
Discussions :
A. Element of the Moment Distribution Method(MDM)
Fixed End Moments (FEM)
When a beam is fully-restrained at both ends, the fixed-end moments represent the the
reaction moments at each end. Figure A.1 shows a concentrated load, a uniform load, and lastly- a
uniformly varying load applied at each fixed-fixed beam.
Figure A.1 Fixed End Moments for various loads
Sign Convention
Clockwise End Moment on a joint is considered positive.
End Moments
MAB = End Moment at end A
MBA = End Moment at end B
Member Stiffness
K = 4EI/L (beam stiffness)
if all segments of the beam has the same E, we can use the relative stiffness
K = I/L (relative stiffness)
Distribution Factor(DF)
K = 4EI/L (beam stiffness)
if all segments of the beam has the same E, we can use the relative stiffness
K = I/L
For End Members,
K = 1, pin or roller support (inner end)
K= 0, fixed end (inner end)
Unbalanced Moment(UM) at a Joint
The unbalanced moment at a joint is equal to the sum of the end moments of all members
meeting at a joint.
Distributed Moment(DM)
Distributed Moment is equal to the -1 multiplied by the product of DF multiplied by UM. A
cycle in the MDM end with DM row. Any DM at a joint has an opposite sign against the UM of the
said joint.
Carry-Over Moment(COM)
The carry-over moment is applied in a member by getting half of DM at a joint and placing it
at the opposite joint of that member. For example, the COM of the far joint is equal one-half times
DM of the near joint.
B. Indeterminate Beam Example

Solution :
1. Write the FEM's
FEMAB = -4(6)2/12 = -12 KN-m
FEMBA = 4(6)2/12 = 12 KN-m
FEMBC = -4(5)2/12 = -8.33 KN-m
FEMCB = 4(5)2/12 = 8.33 KN-m
2. Calculate the relative stiffness

KAB = I/6
KBC = I/5
3. Calculate the DF's

DFAB = 0
I
6 5
DF BA= =
I I 11
+
6 5
I
5 6
DF BC = =
I I 11
+
6 5
DFCB = 1
4. Perform the Cycle 1 Moment Distribution

Unlock joint C
since joint C is a roller, DF =1
UM = 8.33 KN-m
DMCB = -1(DF)(UM) = -8.33 KN-m
Unlock joint B
UM = 12 – 8.33 = 3.67 KN-m
DMBC = -1(DFBC)(UM)
DMBC = -1(6/11)(3.67)
DMBC = -2.00 KN-m
DMBA = -1(DFBA)(UM)
DMBA = -1(5/11)(3.67)
DMBA = -1.67 KN-m
5. Calculate COM
0.5(-1.67) = -0.83 0.5(-8.33) = -4.17 0.5(-2) = -1
6. Perform Cycle 2 up to Cycle 7 of the Moment Distribution (and COM's)

7. Determine the Sum of Moments for Each End
Consider member BC
∑MB = 0
Cy(5) + 12.26 - 4(5)(2.5) = 0
∑MA = 0
7.55(11) + By(6) + 11.87 – 4(11)(5.5) = 0
∑Fy = 0
Ay + By + Cy - 4(11) = 0
Ay = 11.94 KN ↑
C. Indeterminate Frame Example

Solution :
1. Write the FEM's
FEMAB = 0 (no load)
FEMBA = 0
2 2
−4 (5) 5( 2.5)( 2.5)
FEM BC = − 2
=−11.458 ̄
3 KN.m
12 5
4(5)2 5( 2.5)( 2.5)2 ̄ KN.m
FEM CB = + =11.458 3
12 52
FEMCD = 0
FEMDC = 0
2. Calculate the
relative stiffness
KAB = I/4
KBC = I/5
KCB = I/4
3. Calculate the DF's

DFAB = 0
I
4 5
DF BA= =
I I 9
+
4 5
I
5 4
DF BA= =
I I 9
+
4 5
I
5 4
DF BA= =
I I 9
+
4 5
I
4 5
DF BA= =
I I 9
+
4 5
DFCB = 0
4. Perform the Moment Distribution

5. Calculate the support reactions
∑Fy = 0
Ay + Dy - 4(5) -5 = 0
Ay + Dy - 25 = 0
due to symmetry, Ay = Dy
Ay = 12.5 KN ↑ (Answer)
Dy = 12.5 KN ↑ (Answer)
∑Consider member AB
∑MB = 0
Ax(4) – 7.47 = 0
Ax = 1.87 KN →
due to symmetry Ax = -Dx
Dx = 1.87 KN ←
Support Reactions

Use the method distribution method (SDM) . Neglect the weight of structures.
EI is constant.
w = 3 KN/m, L = 5m
Ans. By = 5.625 KN
Ans. By = 21.875 KN

EI is constant.
Ans. Dy = 12 KN
References :
Title : Three-Moment Equation

1. Calculate the 6Aa/L and 6Ab/L factors
2. Write the three-moment equation for a given continous beam
3. Determine the magnitude of unkown moments in a continuous beam
4. Determine the magnitudes of the unknown support reactions and moments
Discussions :
Three moment equation can be used to analyze continuous beams. The equation deals with
three points in continuous beam where moments are to be determined. The derivation uses the area-
moment theorem. For a continuous beam shown, the three-moment equation can be written as ∆
M1
L1
I1
L1 L2 L 2 6A x̄1 6A x̄2
+2M 2 ( + )+M 3 +
I1 I2 I2 L 1 I1
+
L 2 I2
=6 E
L1
+
(
∆ 2−∆1 ∆ 2−∆3
L2 )
If I1 = I2 and ∆1 = ∆2 =∆3 = 0, the above equation can be simplified to,
6A x̄1 6A x̄2
M 1 L1+2M 2 (L1+L2 )+M3 L 2+ + =0
L1 L2
A. Sign Convention
1. The moments M1, M2, and M3 are considered positive if they cause compression in the
upper fibers of the continous beam. Sagging moments are positive.
2. Downward deflections are positive.

B. 6Ax1/L1 and 6Ax2/L2 Factors
The Ax1 and Ax2 can be calculated using the moment diagram of simply-supported beams
associated with the loads. A represent the area of the moment diagram x1 represent the centroid of
the area from the left edge While x2 represents the centroid of the area from the right edge.
C. Indeterminate Beam Example (Pin and Roller Support)
Determine the magnitude of all support reactions in the beam shown below. Neglect axial
deformation and the weight of the beam. Assume constant EI.
Solution :
1. Determine the 6Ax1/L1
consider beam segment AB
A = (2/3)(9.375)(5)
A = 31.25
x1 = 2.5 m
6Ax1/L1 = 6(31.25)(2.5)/5 = 93.75

consider beam segment BC
A = (2/3)(12.5)(5)
A = 41.66
x1 = 2.5 m
6Ax2/L1 = 6(41.66)(2.5)/5 = 125
3. Write the Three-moment equation

6A x̄1 6A x̄2
M 1 L1+2M 2 (L1+L2 )+M3 L 2+ + =0
L1 L2
M1 = 0 (pin support)
M3 = 0 (roller support)
substitute values
0 + 2(M2)(5+5) + 0 + 93.75 + 125 = 0
M2 = -10.9375 KN-m
4. Determine the support reactions

Consider beam segment AB
∑MB = 0
Ay(5) + 10.9375 - 3(5)(2.5) = 0
Ay = 5.3125 KN ↑
Consider beam segment BC

∑MB = 0
Cy(5) + 10.9375 - 4(5)(2.5) = 0
Cy = 7.8125 KN ↑
Consider the whole beam

∑Fy = 0
Ay + By + Cy – 3(5) - 4(5) = 0;
5.3125 + By + 7.8125 – 35 = 0
By = 21.875 KN ↑
D. Indeterminate Beam Example (Fixed Support)
Solution :
consider beam segment AB
A = (2/3)(18)6
A = 72
x1 = 3 m
6Ax1/L1 = 6(72)(3)/6 = 216

consider beam segment BC
A = (2/3)(12.5)(5)
A = 41.66
x1 = 2.5 m
6Ax2/L1 = 6(41.66)(2.5)/5 = 125
3. Write the Three-moment equation

6A x̄1 6A x̄2
M 1 L1+2M 2 (L1+L2 )+M3 L 2+ + =0
L1 L2
M3 = 0 (roller support at C)
substitute values
MA(6) + 2(MB)(6+5) + 0 + 216 + 125 = 0
6MA + 22MB + 341 = 0 …............................. E1
Since there are two unknowns, the solution requires another Three-Moment Equation!
Consider an Virtual/Extension beam shown
Three-moment Equation for Beam DAB

6A x̄1 6A x̄2
M 1 L1+2M 2 (L1+L2 )+M3 L 2+ + =0
L1 L2
0 + 2MA(0 + 6) + MB(6) + 216 = 0
12MA + 6MB + 216 = 0 …...............................E2
Solve equations E1 and E2 simultaneously....
MA = -11.87KN-m
MB = -12.26 KN-m
5. Determine the support Reactions

Consider member BC
∑MB = 0
Cy(5) + 12.26 - 4(5)(2.5) = 0
∑MA = 0
7.55(11) + By(6) + 11.87 – 4(11)(5.5) = 0
∑Fy = 0
Ay + By + Cy - 4(11) = 0
Ay = 11.94 KN ↑
Use the The-Moment Equation . Neglect the weight of structures.
EI is constant.
w = 3 KN/m, L = 5m
Ans. By = 5.625 KN
Ans. MB = 6.5625 KN-m

EI is constant.
Ans. Dy = 12 KN
References :
1. Kassimali, A.(2015), Structural Analysis 5th Edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte. Ltd,
Taguig City

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Title : Method of Consistent Deformation (MCD)

Intended Learning Outcomes :

B. Developing the Compatibility Equation

Indeterminate to the first degree

The Compatibility equation can be written as ,

Unit load acting at B

Using the unit load method, it can be shown that

2. Draw the Primary Structure

3. Draw the redundant force By acting alone.

4. Draw a vertical unit load at B.

6. Write the Compatibility Equation.

D. Indeterminate Frame Example

3. Draw the redundant force Dx acting alone.

4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.

5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .

E. Indeterminate Truss Example

4. Draw a horizontal unit load at D.

5. Determine the magnitudes of ∆'D and δDDx .

S ' uL −20 u 2 L 10.2218

7. Determine the Support Reactions

F. Indeterminate to the second degree : Beam Example

2. Draw the Primary Structure and Calculate the Deflections

Using the Unit Load Method : ∆'B = 2988/EI KN-m2

δBBy = 72/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at B)

4. Apply a vertical unit load at C and Determine the Deflections.

δBCy = 162/EI m2 (deflection at B due to a vertical unit load at C)

5. Write the compatibility equations.

1. Determine all support reactions.

2. Determine all support reactions.

3. Determine support reactions.

Intended Learning Outcomes :

Figure A.1 Fixed End Moments for various loads

Figure B.1 Positive Magnitudes for FEM, θ, and ∆

MAB = End Moment at end A

C. Indeterminate Beam Example

3. Write the Equilibrium Equations

MCB = 0 , roller end

solve E1 and E2 simultaneously,

4. Determine the Support Reactions

Consider the entire beam

2. Write the End Moments

3. Write the Equilibrium Equations

4. Calculate the magnitudes of the End Moments

5. Calculate the support reactions

1. Determine all support reactions.

2. Determine all support reactions. EI is constant.

3. Determine support reactions. Neglect Sidesway

Intended Learning Outcomes :

Figure A.1 Fixed End Moments for various loads

B. Indeterminate Beam Example

2. Calculate the relative stiffness

3. Calculate the DF's

4. Perform the Cycle 1 Moment Distribution

0.5(-1.67) = -0.83 0.5(-8.33) = -4.17 0.5(-2) = -1

6. Perform Cycle 2 up to Cycle 7 of the Moment Distribution (and COM's)

Consider the entire beam

C. Indeterminate Frame Example

3. Calculate the DF's

4. Perform the Moment Distribution

Self Learning Assessment

3. Determine support reactions. Neglect Sidesway

Intended Learning Outcomes :

2. Downward deflections are positive.