Name: Ybur Clieve Olsen b.

Dahilog
Course: MS GENERAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
Adviser: Raul Orongan PhD.

EDUC – 242: STATISTICS ACTIVITY 4

PART I: SAMPLE EXERCISES

INDEPENDENT T-TEST

1. The performance on an achievement test in a beginning computer science

course was administered to two groups. One group had a previous
computer science course in high school; the other group did not. The test
results are below. Assuming test scores are normal, is there a
significance between the achievement test of the two groups at 0.05
level?

Group 1 (with ) 37 39 42 27 33 34 41 28 26 34

26 35 27 36
Group 2 (without) 17 20 18 22 23 19 21 12 30 23

20 19 26 24 25 27

1. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

Dependent Variable- Score

Independent Variable – Group 1&2 Students

2. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant difference in the achievement test of Group

1 and Group 2.
Ha: There is significant difference in the achievement test of Group 1
and Group 2.

3. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)

5% Level of Significance

4. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS

Independent sample t-test

 5. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS ( USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)

VARIABLE/GROUPIN MEA SD T- PROB

GS N VALU (SIG.2TAILE
E D)
GROUP 1 33.21 5.59 6.370 0.000
4 1
GROUP 2 21.62 4.36
5 5

Data Aalysis:

Group Statistics
GROUP N MEAN STD. STD.
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN
SCORE 1 14 33.2143 5.59091 1.49423
2 16 21.6250 4.36463 1.09116

Independent Samples Test

LEVENE'S T-TEST FOR EQUALITY OF
MEANS
TEST FOR
EQUALITY
OF
VARIANCES
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence
(2tailed) Differenc
Differenc Interval of the
e
e
Difference

Lower Upper

SCORE Equal 1.50 . 6.370 28 .000 11.58929 1.81947 7.86228 15.31630

variances 9 229
assumed
Equal 6.264 24.519 .000 11.58929 1.85023 7.77487 15.40370
variances
not
assumed

6. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value is less than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we
reject the null hypothesis which means that there is significant difference of
achievement test score between group1 and group2.
 2. Two methods were used to study the latent heat of ice fusion. Both method
A ( an electrical method) and method B (a method of mixtures) were
conducted with the specimens cooled to – 0.72 ○ C. The data in the
following table present the change in total heat from – 0. 72 ○ C to water at
0○ C in calories per gram of mass.

Method A 73.97 72.84 71.82 72.84 77.83 73.03 77.04 79.17 73.05 71.03

Method B 68.12 61.94 63.98 64.96 63.96 65.03 66.95 68.96 64.02 61.54

1. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV- heat
IV – Methods A&B

2. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant difference in the latent heat of Method A

and Method B.
Ha: There is significant difference in the latent heat of Method A and
Method B.

3. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)

5% Level of Significance

4. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS

Independent sample t-test

5. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS ( USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL

SOFTWARE)

VARIABLE/GROUPIN MEA SD T- PROB

GS N VALU (SIG.2TAILE
E D)
METHOD A 74.26 2.75 8.012 0.000
2 0
METHOD B 64.94 2.44
6 1
 Data Aalysis:

Group Statistics
METHOD N MEAN STD. STD.
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN
HEAT 1 10 74.2620 2.74999 .86962
2 10 64.9460 2.44062 .77179

Independent Samples Test

LEVENE'S T-TEST FOR
EQUALITY OF
TEST FOR
MEANS
EQUALITY
OF
VARIANCES
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence
(2tailed) Difference Interval of the
Difference
Difference
Lower Upper

HEA Equal .381 .545 8.012 18 .000 9.31600 1.16271 6.87323 11.75877
T variances
assumed
Equal 8.012 17.75 .000 9.31600 1.16271 6.87076 11.76124
variances 0
not
assumed

6. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value is less than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we
reject the null hypothesis which means that there is significant difference of latent
heat of the two methods A and B.

3. The following experiment was run to determine whether or not different flavors
of ice cream melt at different speeds. Two flavors (A and B) of ice cream
were stored in the same freezer in similar sized containers. For each
observation, one teaspoonful of ice cream was taken from the freezer,
transferred to a plate, and the melting time at room temperature was
observed to the nearest second. Nine observations were taken on each
flavor. Do melting time differ of the two flavors? Test at 0.05 level. These are
shown in the following table below:

Flavor Time in seconds

A 1205 567 575 1054 554 1040 1437 999 1114

B 810 870 910 972 925 1131 833 817 1013
 1. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV- Time
IV – Flavors A&B

2. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant difference of melting time between the two

flavors. Ha: There is significant difference of melting time between the
two flavors.

3. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)

5% Level of Significance

4. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS

Independent sample t-test

5. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS ( USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL

SOFTWARE)

VARIABLE/GROUPIN MEA SD T- PROB

GS N VALU (SIG.2TAILE
E D)
FLAVOR A 949.4 315.14 .265 .797
4 6
FLAVOR B 920.1 105.34
1 3

Data Aalysis:

Group Statistics
FLAVOR N MEAN STD. STD.
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN
TIME 1 9 949.4444 315.14565 105.04855
2 920.1111 105.34283 35.11428
9

Independent Samples Test

LEVENE'S T-TEST FOR EQUALITY OF MEANS
TEST FOR
EQUALITY
OF
 VARIANCE
S
F Sig t df Sig. Mean Std. 95% Confidence
. (2taile Error Interval of the
Differe
d) Differenc Difference
nce
e Lower Upper

TIM Equal 9.4 . . 16 .795 29.3333 110.761 - 264.138

E varianc 70 00 26 3 95 205.471 18
es 7 5 51
assum
ed
Equal . 9.7 .797 29.3333 110.761 - 276.931
varianc 26 66 3 95 218.264 27
es not 5 60
assum
ed
6. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value is greater than our desired significance threshold (P>0.05),
we accept the null hypothesis which means that there is no significant difference of
melting time between the two different flavors of ice cream.

4. Trace metals in drinking water affect the flavor and an unusually high
concentration can pose a health hazard. Ten pairs of data were taken
measuring zinc concentration in bottom water and surface water. Does
the data suggest that the true average concentration in the bottom water
exceeds that of surface water?

Location

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Zinc .730 .266 .567 .531 .707 .716 .651 .589 .769 .723
concentration
in bottom
water
Zinc .415 .238 .390 .410 .305 .309 .332 .523 .411 .312
concentration
in surface
water

1. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV- Location
IV – Zinc concentration: bottom water & surface water.

2. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no difference between zinc concentration in bottom water

and surface water.
 Ha: There is a difference between zinc concentration in bottom water
and surface water.

3. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)

5% Level of Significance

4. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS

Independent sample t-test

5. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL

SOFTWARE)

VARIABLE/GROUPIN MEA SD T- PROB

GS N VALU (SIG.2TAILE
E D)
BOTTOM WATER .6249 . .195 0.000
1489
SURFACE WATER .3645 .081

Data Aalysis:

Group Statistics
ZINC_CONCENTRATIO N MEAN STD. STD.
N DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN
LOCATIO 1 10 .6249 .14886 .04707
N
2 10 .3645 .08096 .02560

Independent Samples Test

LEVENE'S T-TEST FOR EQUALITY OF MEANS
TEST FOR
EQUALITY
OF
VARIANCE
S
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence
(2tailed Differenc
Differenc Interval of the
) e
e
Difference

Lower Upper

LOCATIO Equal 1.81 . 4.86 18 .000 .26040 .05358 . .

N variance 2 195 0 14782 37298
s
assumed
Equal 4.86 13.89 .000 .26040 .05358 . .
variance 0 6 14539 37541
s not
 assumed

6. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value is less than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we
reject the null hypothesis which means that there is a difference between zinc
concentration in bottom water and surface water. In other words, data suggested is
true that average concentration in the bottom water exceeds than of surface water.
 PART II:
USE YOUR 180 GENERATED RANDOM SAMPLES IN PS1, PERFORM THE
SUGGESTED STEPS IN HYPOTHEIS TEST:

1. Do motive and score differ significantly when grouped by gender?

1. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV- Motive & Score

IV – Gender

2. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant difference of motive and score when group

by gender.
Ha: There is significant difference of motive and score when group by
gender.

3. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)

Specify the level α = 0.05

4. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS

Independent sample t-test

5. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL

SOFTWARE)

VARIABLE/GROUPIN MEA SD T- PROB

GS N VALU (SIG.2TAILE
E D)
MOTIVE 4.33 .475 1.141 .255
4.24 .572
SCORE 56.71 14.1 -560 .576
0
57.92 14.6
3
 Data Aalysis:

Group Statistics
GENDER N MEAN STD. STD.
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN
MOTIVE 1 90 4.3299 .47543 .05012
2 4.2404 .57198 .06029
90
SCORE 1 90 56.7111 14.09538 1.48578
2 90 57.9111 14.62923 1.54206

Independent Samples Test

LEVENE'S T-TEST FOR EQUALITY
OF MEANS
TEST FOR
EQUALITY
OF
VARIANCE
S
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. 95% Confidence
(2tailed Error
Differenc Interval of the
) Differenc
e
e Difference

Lower Upper

MOTIV Equal 3.64 . 1.14 178 .255 .08944 .07840 -.0652 .24416
E variance 8 058 1 7
s
assume
d
Equal 1.14 172.24 .256 .08944 .07840 -.0653 .24419
variance 1 5 0
s not
assume
d
SCOR Equal .369 . -.56 178 .576 -1.20000 2.14138 - 3.0257
E variance 544 0 5.4257 5
s 5
assume
d
Equal -.56 177.75 .576 -1.20000 2.14138 - 3.0257
variance 0 5 5.4257 9
s not 9
assume
d
 6. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value is greater than our desired significance threshold (P>0.05),
we accept the null hypothesis which means that there is no significant difference
between motive and score when group by gender.