Limiting reactant and excess reactant

Limiting reactants

Excess reactants
 g

The balanced equation shows the hydrogen and chlorine react in a 1:1
stoichiometric ratio. If these reactants are provided in any other amounts, one of
the reactants will nearly always be entirely consumed, thus limiting the amount
of product that may be generated. This substance is the limiting reactant, and
the other substance is the excess reactant. Identifying the limiting and excess
reactants for a given situation requires computing the molar amounts of each
reactant provided and comparing them to the stoichiometric amounts
represented in the balanced chemical equation. For example, imagine combining
3 moles of H2 and 2 moles of Cl2. This represents a 3:2 (or 1.5:1) ratio of
hydrogen to chlorine present for reaction, which is greater than the
stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. Hydrogen, therefore, is present in excess, and chlorine
is the limiting reactant. Reaction of all the provided chlorine (2 mol) will consume
2 mol of the 3 mol of hydrogen provided, leaving 1 mol of hydrogen unreacted.
Stoichiometry (the measure of elements) is the relationships between reactants and/or
products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data.
side
 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑% = × 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
 𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 1
Stoichiometry: =
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 1

No. of mole CaCl2 = No. of mole CaCO3

2g CaCl2(weight in the lab)

M.wt (CaCl2) =At.wt g/mol Ca + 2× At.wt g/mol Cl (from periodic table) = 40g/mol + 2 × 35.5g/mol = 111 g/mol
M.wt (CaCO3) = At.wt g/mol Ca + At.wt g/mol C + 3 × At.wt g/mol O (from periodic table)
=40g/mol + 12g/mol + 3 × 16g/mol = 100 g/mol
❖ M.wt is abbreviated to molecular weight and At.wt is abbreviated to atomic weight

The stoichiometric factor can be used to find the weight of CaCO3

From the above balanced equation,
The number of mole of CaCl2 is equal to the number of mole of CaCO3, then
𝑔
𝑀. 𝑤𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
𝑊𝑡 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 × × 𝑊𝑡 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2
𝑔 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝑀. 𝑤𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 2
𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

𝑊𝑡 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = × × 𝑊𝑡 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 ………….[Theoretical weight of CaCO3]
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 × 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2

Practical weight of CaCO3 will get from the end of experiment

𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡

𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑% = × 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
Procedure
Note: show your calculations to your instructor before you start the work. Any mistake the group will be responsible for
ignoring consultation.
Step 2