Dr.

Islam Abd El Khaleq

Units: Atoms
or Ions or
moleculaes

No.Of Mass Mass

Units (g)

No.Of Molar
Avogadro’s Molar mass
Moles No. Of
23 mass (mol/g)
6.02 x 10 Moles

Volume
gas No.of
Units
Volume
No.of Avogadro of Gas L Mass
22.4
moles 6.02 x 1023
L
No.Of
- Limiting reactant: totally consumed 22.4 L Molar
during the chemical reactions. Moles mass
- Less products value (mol or mass)

Mass of
element
Part
X 100%
X
100%
Mass of
compound Mass % of
All Percentage
“Molar mass” element in cpd.
%

If we found mass percentage of elements like C 25%

or O 75 % , we will write 4 steps like following:
Mass
Actual yield
Molar mass
X 100%
No.of moles ‫فى الخطوة دى بنقسم الكل على اصغر رقم منهم‬
Empirical formula
Theoretical Actual yield
integer number. ‫ فى االخر‬No.of moles ‫الزم يطلع‬ %
yield
 Dr.Islam Abd El Khaleq
 Density of water =1 g/ml , So mass of solution (g)
= volume of solution (ml).
 For dilution M1 V1 = M2 V2

Molecular
Molar mass
formula
compound

No.of
repeated
Empirical Molar mass
units
formula Empirical
n

Volume Mass
solute (ml) solute (g)
X 100% X 100%

Volume of Volume % Mass of solution Mass %

solution (ml) (V/V) (g) (m/m)

No.Of No. Of
Moles Moles
solute solute

Mass of Molality Volume of Molarity

solvent (Kg) solution (L)
m M

Freezing point electrolytic solution= No.Of Moles of ions X (-1.86 ºC)

When 1 mole of any Non-electrolyte such as glucose is dissolved in 1 kg of water, the solution freezes at -1.86º C

“ HCl – HBr – HI -HNO3 – H2SO4 -HClO4 " Strong acids

“ H2CO3 – H3PO4 – – All organic acids " Weak acids ‫ انا حاسس بك‬.. ‫عزيزى الطالب‬
"NaOH – KOH -Ba(OH)2 " Strong bases ‫وعارف اد اية انت تعبت الترم دا بس‬
‫ فاضل لك ايام‬.. ‫خالص هانت يا بطل‬
" NH4OH " Weak bases ‫ متكسلش فى‬.. ‫وتاخد هدنه نص السنه‬
‫ وكن على يقين ان ربنا مش‬.. ‫الباقى‬
.ً‫هيضيع تعبك ابدا‬
‫مع تمنياتى لكم بدوام التفوق والنجاح‬