Various Titrimetric Methods

Based on the Stoichiometric

Relationship Between the Titrant and
the Analyte
 Titrimetric Methods
Based on the Stoichiometric Relationship of the
Titrant (T) and Analyte (A)

DIRECT TITRATION METHOD

INDIRECT TITRATION METHOD

BACK-TITRATION METHOD
 Direct Titration
The reactants involved in the titration
reaction are primarily the analyte, A, and
the titrant, T

Titration Reaction:
aA + tT ¾® pP
STANDARDIZATION OF A
SOLUTION
 Different ways of Writing
Molar Mass
Consider the molar mass (M.M.) of KHC8H4O4 = 204.23

204.23 g KHC8 H 4O 4
1 mole

204.23 g KHC8 H 4O 4 204.23 mg KHC8 H 4O 4

1000 mmole 1 mmole
 1mole
Amount (mole) PS = Mass (g) PS ´
M.M. g PS

1000 mmole
Amount (mmole) PS = Mass (g) PS ´
M.M. (g) PS

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Molarity or Molar Concentration

Amount (moles) of solute

Molarity =
Volume (L) of solution

Amount (mmoles) of solute

Molarity =
Volume (mL) of solution
Standardization of a solution
Example 1: Potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4 (MM = 204.23),
is a primary standard acid that reacts with sodium hydroxide on a 1:1
molar basis. Results showed that 0.5893 g of primary standard grade
potassium hydrogen phthalate required 22.49 mL to reach the
phenolphthalein end point. Calculate the molar concentration of
the NaOH solution.

KHC8H4O4 + NaOH ¾® NaKC8H4O4 + H2O

The primary standard is potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4.

The titrant is an aqueous solution of NaOH.

The stoichiometric relationship between the primary standard and the

titrant is

1 mole KHC8H4O4 = 1 mole NaOH

Standardization of a solution
Example 2: Sodium carbonate is a primary standard base that
reacts with HCl as follows

Na2CO3 + 2HCl ¾® 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

If 40.37 mL of HCl(aq) were required to titrate a solution

containing 221.4 mg of primary standard sodium carbonate
(MM = 105.99), calculate the molarity of the HCl solution.

The primary standard is __________________________________..

The titrant is an aqueous solution of __________________________.

The stoichiometric relationship between the primary standard and the

titrant is

_________ mole ___________________ = __________ mole _________________

ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE
 Different ways of writing
MOLARITY
Consider the molar concentration = 0.09377 M NaOH

0.09377 mole NaOH

1 liter

0.09377 mole NaOH 0.09377 mmole NaOH

1000 mL 1 mL
 mole T 1L
Amount (mole) T = M ´ V ( mL) ´
L solution 1000 mL

mole T
Amount (mole) T = M ´ V (mL)
1000 mL solution

mmole T
Amount (mmole) T = M ´ V (mL)
mL solution

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 M.M. (g) A
Mass (g) A = Amount (mmole) A ´
1000 mmole

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 PERCENT CONCENTRATION

weight of solute
Weight Percent (w/w) = ´ 100
weight of solution

weight ( g ) solute
Weight/Volume Percent (w/v) = ´ 100
Volume (mL) solution
 Analysis of a Sample
A 0.5537 g sample containing oxalic acid required 21.62 mL of
0.09377 M NaOH for titration.

Calculate the % H2C2O4 (MM = 90.04) present in the sample.

H2C2O4 + 2NaOH ¾® Na2C2O4 + 2H2O

The analyte is oxalic acid, H2C2O4.

The titrant is an aqueous solution of __________________________.

The stoichiometric relationship between the analyte and the

titrant is

_________ mole ___________________ = __________ mole _________________

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