Subject Index

anethole 193, 194, 220

A
angelica root 28, 205, 220
abdomen, functional upper abdominal
anise (Pimpinella anisum) 213, 220
complaints 102
- oil 179, 181, 193, 194, 219
Abies species (Pinaceae) 189
- seed 28, 220
absinth (wormwood) 29, 205, 206
Anthemis cotula 302
acetoxy-valerenic acid 88
anthranoid laxatives 17
acetylsalicylic acid 3
anthranoid-containing herbs 249-254
- willow bark 3
- aloe 253, 254
Achillea millefolium 294
- buckthorn bark 28, 250, 252
acne 311, 351 - custor oil 254, 255
acylflavonoids 44 - rhubarb root 251, 252
adaptogens 331-341, 353 - senna pods and leaves 250, 253
- low specifity of 353 anthrones 252
Adonis vernalis 120 antiatherosclerotic properties 155
Aesculus hippocastanum 158 antidepressant activity 70
agar 242 antidiarrheal tea 240
agaropectin 248 antimicrobial properties of garlic 137
agarose 248 antioxidants, botanical 339-341
agitation of non psychotropic origin 81 - dietary flavonoids as 340
agnoside 286 - in green tea 340
agrimony 28 - procyaniruns acting as 339, 340
alexandrian senna pods 253 antioxidative effects of garlic 137
allicin 131-133, 135 antitussive
- allicin-formed from 132, 133 - agents, Hcorice as ·194
- in garlic bulbs, variable amounts of 133 - tea 196
- pharmacokinetic studies on 133 anxiety
- toxicity of 138 - kava treating 81-84
alliinase 132, 133 - states 24
Allium (A.) anxiolytic 78, 79
- A. cepa 155 - kava (see there) 78, 79
- A. sativum (see also garlic) 129 aperitif 204
aloe 250, 253, 254 apigenin 303
- Aloe spicata 253 apples, raw greated 236
- cape aloe 253 arbutin 266
aloin A and B 253 - antibacterial properties of questions
Althaea officinalis 182 concerning 267
Alzheimer's-type dementia (see also demen- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 266
tia) 51 arnica
amanita poisoning, therapy with a sily- - Arnica montana 314
binin derivate 262 - flowers 36, 166, 314, 315
American ginseng root 332 - - caution concerning 315
ammi - - external uses of 315
- Ammi visnaga 122, 268 aromatherapy, lavender oil 101
- - fruit 268 al1absin 206
analeptics 126 Artemisia absinthium 206
Ananas comosus 214, 313 arterial occlusive disease 128

369
artichoke leaves 210-213 birch
- leaf extract, choleretic effects 211 -leaf 28
ash bark 318 - leaves 11
ashwagandha 337 bisabolol derivatives 303
Asian ginseng root 332 bitter herbs (bitters) 204, 205
Aspalathus linearis 26 - actions / effects of 204, 205
aspen - - psychological component involved
- bark 28, 318 204
-leaf 28 - bitter almonds 245, 246
Astragalus membranaceous 338 - - HeN release after ingestion 245
atherogenesis - different types of 205
- effects on 135 - orange peel, bitter 28, 205, 208
- inhibiting the poor progression 132, - relative bitterness of (ranking) 205
142 - tea 215
atherosclerosis 128 - tincture, bitter 215
atopic eczema / atopic dermatitis 301, bittersweet 310
308, 310 black
- evening primrose oil used for treatment - cohosh 289-291
of 308,310 - currant leaf 28
atropine 3 - snakeroot 289
attitudes toward natural remedies 22 - tea 233
Avena sativa 155 blackberry leaf 28
avens root 28 bladder and kidney teas 280-282
- according to German standard registra-
tion 281
B blessed thistle 28
Ballota foetida 102 - tops 208
balm bloating 219, 243
-leaves 99 - carminatives used to treat 219-221
- - extract 312 blonde psyllium 28
- spirit 178 blood
bananas 236 - fibrinolytic activity, after fatty meals
barberry 352 155, 156
basil 28 - - onion consumption to control 155, 156
bath - lipids 140
- bath salts 191 - pressure reduction in garlic-treated sub-
- head steam bath 178 jects 141
bearberry leaf 28, 267 bogbean 205
- safety of, questions concerning 267, -leaves 207
268 boldo leaves 210, 213
- uses of 268 Boswellia serrata 319
belladonna 3 boswellin 319
benefits and risks of phytomedicines bowel syndroms, irritable 24, 225-231
23-25 - approaches to treatment 225
berberine 351 - crude drug and constituents 226
Berberis vulgaris 351 - epidemiology 225
bilberries 28, 233, 234 - peppermint oil in treatment of 226
bile tea 216 - symptoms 225
biliary remedies Ccholagogues) 209-214, BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) symp-
217 toms 24, 268-282
- artichoke leaves 210-213 - herbal drugs used in treatment of 270
- boldo leaves 210, 213 - - grass pollens 276, 277
- commercial products based on laxatives - - high placebo effects of 279
217 - - nettle root 274, 275
- dandelion extract 214 - - phytosterols from Hypoxis rooperi
- fumitory 28, 210, 213 277, 278
- tumeric (curcuma) extract 214 - - pumpkin seeds 275, 276
bilobalide 44 - - pygeum 278

370 Subject Index

- - saw palmetto berries 270-274 cardiac pains 24
- - therapeutic significance of 278 cardiovascular system 107-167
- stages of 270 Carduus benedictus 208
bran 242 Carica papaya 214
- oat bran 155 carminative(s) 219
- trypsin inhibitors, present in - definition and actions 219
unprocessed bran 246 - preparation formulas 220
- wheat bran (see there) 226, 242, 246, - tea 221
247 - uses of 219
bromelain 214, 313 carob bean 239
bronchial teas 190, 196 carrot preparations 236
bronchomucotropic agents 285 Carum carvi 219
broom 28 cascara bark 28, 252
- extract 125 Cassia (C.)
- - butcher's broom rhiszome extract 167 - C. angustifolia 253
buckthorn C. senna 253
- bark 28, 252 castor oil 217, 254, 255
- berries 28, 250 cat's claw 338
buckwheat extract 167 cathartics (laxatives) 241-255
bugle weed 293 cayenne pepper for local pain relief 322
bulk-forming agents 242-248 Centella asiatica 337
- general characteristics 241 Centaurium (C.)
- interactions with antiperistaltics 243 - C. erythraea 208
- lag phase of efficacy 243 - C. minus 208
- list of herbal drugs 242 centaury 205, 208
- mechanism of action 242 central nervous system 41-106
burnet-saxifrage root 28 cepaenes 155
bush tea 36 Ceratonia siliqua 239
butcher'S broom rhizome extract 167 cerebral insufficiency 46
butterbur leaves 181 Cetraria ericetorum 182
Chamaemelum nobile 302
chamazulene 303
C chamomile 28, 178, 180, 223
caffeine 16, 125 - dog chamomile (Anthemis cotula) 302
- caffeine-containing herbs 125, 126 - extracts_ 178
- caffeine-containing beverages 16 - flowers 19, 102, 175, 223, 301-305
cajuput oil 189 - - active constituents of 303
calendula - - anti-inflammatOlY effects of 304
- Calendula officinalis 310 - - as constituents of diaphoretic teas
- flowers 28 175
- oil 310 - - dermatological indications of 305
Camellia sinensis 26, 233, 339 - - as ingredient for head steam bath
camphor 126, 176, 177 178
cape aloe 253 - - (low) allergenic risks of 305
capilialY permeability 163 - - as a sleep-aid 102
- reduced by horse chestnut extract 163 - - used to treat gastritis 222
capsaicin 322, 323 - German 223
- cream 323 - preparations 224
- - placebo-controlled studies with uses of - Roman 28, 302
323 - tea 303
capsaicinoids 322 chastebeny
Capsella bursa-pastoris 29, 294 - extract 286-289
capsicum (cayenne pepper) for local pain - - active principle unknown 286
relief 322 - - therapeutic application of 289
capsules 12, 13 - plant 287
- enteric-coated 13 Chelidonium majus 214
caraway 28, 219 chest
- fruits 219 - rubs 191

Subject Index 371

- tea 196 - multiherb combinations 15
children, teas for infants and children 35, comfrey 314
36 common cold (see cold syndrome)
chinotte 208 169-171
cholagogues (see bilialY remedies) compo cinchona tincture 9
209-214, 217 compression stocking therapy 164
cholesterol condurango bark 205, 208
- biosynthesis, inhibitory effects of garlic condylomata acuminata 311
135 coneflower (see also echinacea) 310,
- metabolism 156 342-347
- - garlic constumtion to control 140 - different sources of 343
- - red yeast rice affecting 156 - therapeutic studies 345
cholestin 156 constipation 241
cimicifuga (c.) Convallaria majalis 120
- c. foetida 291 convallotoxin 119, 120
- c. herac1eifolia 291 cooling ointment 326
- c. racemosa 289, 290 cordyceps 336
cinchona bark 28, 205 Cordyceps sinensis 336
Cinchona species 3 coriander 220
cineole (eucalyptol) 177, 192 - seed 18
Cinnamomum campllOra 126 cornflower 28
cinnamon 28 coronary insufficiency 107
circulatory disorders, functional 126 cough / couphing (see also cold syndrome)
citronella oil 189, 325 180--184
Citrus aurantium 208 - cough and bronchial teas 190, 196
clinical - drops 179
- drug trials 17 - herbal cough remedies 180--184
- studies 17 - - essential oils 181, 182
cnicin 208 - suppressants 180
coca shrub 3 - - by ephedra 182
Cochlospermum gossypium 248 cow-slip
cocoa shells 28 - extract 188
coffee, brewed by boiling 7 - root 188
cognitive deficiency, ginkgo in treatment Crataegus
of 42-54 - monogyna 109
cold syndrome (flulike infection) 169-171 - oxyacantha 109
- immune response to 170 Crotolaria species 36
- phytomedicines in the treatment of 171 cucubitaceae 275
- - balsams 191 Cucurbita pepo 275
- - cold relief tea 175 Curcuma (C)
- - cough and bronchial teas 190, 196 - C domestica 214
- - cough drops 179 - C longa 214
- - gargles 179 - C zanthorrhiza 214
- - and intake of echinacea 345-347 cure rates referable to psychodynamic
- - medicinal teas 171-175 effects 24
- - nasal ointments 176 Cyamopsis tetragonolobus 155
- - nosedrops 176 cyanogenic glycosides 245
- - teas for cold relief 171 - detoxification of by rhodanase 245
- risk factors 169 - HCN release from 245, 246
- viral infection 169 cyclical mastalgia 289
colon, irritable 17, 241 cymarin 119
colonic bacteria 243 Cymbopogon winterianus 189
coltsfoot leaves (Tussilago filrfim) 36, 37, Cynara scolymus 210
181 cynarin 211
combinations / herbal combination prod- Cynoglossum species 36
ucts 14-16 cysteine sulfoxides 132
- fixed combination 9, 14
- - in tincture form 9

372 Subject Index

 - - treatment with an artichoke leaf
D
extract 213
dandelion 11
- extract 214
- leaf 28, 210
E
- root 28, 210
early goldenrod 28
decoction
echinacea 311, 345-347
- percolation vs. decoction 7 - Echinacea angustifolia 342
- tea 34 - and conunon cold 345
dementia 46 - constitutients of 343
- Alzheimer's-type 51
- different sources of 343
- ginkgo extract in treatment of 52
- Echinacea pallida 311, 342
- guidelines for the testing of medications
- pharmacological studies on 343
50 - Echinacea purpurea 311
- multi-infarct 52
- - extracts 346
- patients, clinical studies 48
- therapeutic studies on 345
depression 24, 63, 65-70 - tOXicological studies on 345
- animal models 63
- uses of 347
- antidepressant activity 70 edema reduction 164
- treatment studies with hypericum 65-70
ekzema
dermatological indications 299-312
- acute, sample formula for 325
- list of herbal drugs used for 302 - atopic (see there) 301, 308, 310
- protective skin ointments for 300 - chronic, supportive treatment of with
devil's claw 28, 316-318
dulcamara 310
diabetic polyneuropathy 323 elder flowers 28,171, 172
diarrhea, acute 232 eleutherococcus
dietary
- root 335
- fiber 156, 242
- Eleutherococcus senticosus 335
- supplements 13
enchinacea capsettes 13
digestive English plantain 11, 181
- enzymes 214, 215
ephedra 182-184
- system 203-264
- Ephedra sinica 182
digitalis 2, 3 - extract 182
- compared to hawthorn 119
- - coughing suppressed by 182
digitaloids 119-122
- preparations 183
- herbs containing 119-122 - - indications for' lin
- pharmacokinetic parameters 120
- - rrllsuse of 183
digitoxin tablet 2 - restriction on ephedra sales 183
dihydroergotamine 124
ephedrine 182
Dioscorea 294 eucalyptol (cineole) 192
Dioscorides 1
eucalyptus
distillates 5 -leaf 28
diuretic tea 282
- oil 176, 177, 179, 181, 192
doctor-patient consultation 20
European
dosage fOlIDS, solid 11-13
- aspen bark 28
dried brewer's yeast 350
- aspen leaf 28
drug trials, clinical 17
- growth sites 348
dry inhalation 178
- rrllstletoe 11, 348
dulcamara 310 - - preparation 347
dysmenorrheic complaints 24, 285-295
evening plimrose oil 308-310
- herbal drugs used in treatment of
- treatment of neurodermitis with 308
285-295 expectorants 184-197
- - list of 285
- action / effects of 184, 185, 188
- - therapeutic efficacy of, questions con-
- essential oils as 189-194
cerning 295 - ethyl alcohol as 185
dyspepsia / dyspeptic 203, 204,212, 213
- saponin containing herbs as 186-188
- complaints 212 - therapeutic studies on 188
- symptoms 213 extracts, standardization of 5, 6

Subject Index 373

 - essential 131
F
- experimental pharmacology 133-137
false hellebore 119, 120
- fermentation products of 131
fennel 219
- fibrinolysis effect 135
- oil 179, 181, 219
- historical backround 128, 129
- seed 28
- indications 146
fever blisters 325
- lipid
- adstringent agents improve symptoms of
- - blood lipids 140
325
- - garlic tablets to reduce level of 140
feverfew 324, 325
- - metabolism 136
- antimigraine effect of 324
- oily extracts 12
- parthenolide amount in 324
- pharmacokinetics 131, 132
- safety of 325
- platelet aggregation 136
fibrinolysis, effect of garlic on 136, 139
- powder 127
fibrinolytic activity, after fatty meals 155,
- - antihypeltensive effect 127
156
- risk 146
- onion consumption to control 155, 156
- side feects and garlic outdor 144
FiJipendula ulmaria 173
- therapeutic signiuficant 147
fingerprint chromatogram 8
- thiosulfanates 131
flatulence 219, 243
- toxicology 138
- carminatives used to treat 219-221
- vascular resistants 135
flavonoid constituents 17
gastric symptoms 24
fluid extracts 5
gastritis 222
flulike infection (see cold syndrome)
- chamomile used to treat 222, 224
169-171
- licorice used to treat 223
Foeniculum vulgare 219
- mild forms of 222
foxglove 2
gastrointestinal
franzbranntwein 326 - disorders, herbal agents used in treat-
Fraxinus (F.)
ment of 203-213
- F. excelsior 249 - functional complaints 99
- F. ornus 249 - tea 221
fresh plant juices 5 gastropulmonary reflex 185
Fumaria officinalis 213 gentian 28, 205
fumitory 28, 210, 213 - root 207
furunculosis 311, 351 Gentiana lutea 207
gentiopicroside 207
ginger 28, 205
G ginseng 332-335
galangal 205 - root preparations 332
gallotannins 235 - - constituents of 332
gargles 178--180 - - uses of 334
garlic (Allium sativum) 128--148 ginkgo (g.)
- antihypertensive effects of 127 - Ginkgo biloba 43
- antimicrobial properties 137 - - leaves 128
- antioxidative effects of 137 - g. extracts 44, 45
- atherogenesis - - frequency of side effects 53
- - effects on 135 - - indications for 52
- - inhibiting the progression of 142 - - intermittent claudication treatment
- blood pressure reduction 141 with 152-154
- botanical description 129 - - pharmacokinetics of 45
- cholesterol biosynthesis, inhibitory - g. flavonoids 45
effects of garlic 135 - g. leaf extract (50:1) 19
- clinical studies 138 - g. powered extract 5
- cloves 19 - g. preparation 25
- contraindications 146 - g. in treatment
- crude drug 130, 131 - - of cognitive deficiency 42-54
- dosages 146 - - of dementia 52
- drug product 148 - g. tree 42

374 Subject Index

ginkgolic acids 5, 44 - - pharmacological findings of 110-1~3
ginkgolides A, Band C 44 - - key constituents of 109
ginseng root 332, 333 - - risks 117
- American 332 - - safety of, question concerning 114
- Asian 333 - - toxicology 113, 114
- siberian 335 - - treatment with 118
glucofrangulin A and B 252 - - - compared to digitalis 119
glycerites 9 - - uses of 117
Glycyrrhiza glabra 194, 223, 224 - leaves 19, 28
glycyrrhizin 194, 223 head steam bath 178
goldenrod 28 headache 24, 320
goldenseal 351, 353, 354 heart failure 107
- purported properties of 353, 354 Hedera helix 186, 187
gotu kola 337 helenalins 166
granules 12 hellebore, false 119
grape seed 339 hemorrhoideal diseases 325
- procyanidins 340 - tannic acid used in sitz bath for 325
grass pollens 276, 277 hemostyptic action 306
grayanotoxins 127 heparin 166
greater celandine 210 herbals
- extract of 214 - combination products 14-16
- - hepatotoxic side effects 214 - cough remedies 180-184
green tea 233, 339, 340 - medications
- antioxidative activity of 339 - - in Germany 20
- epidemiological studies on drinkers of - - most commonly precribed, list of
340 357-366
Grindelia species 186 - traditional herbal medicine 2
guar gum 155 herpes simplex lesions 312, 323, 325
guarana products 125 - adstringent agents improve symptoms of
gum lozenges 179 325
gynecological irregularities 285-297 - postherpetic neuralgia 323
- herbal drugs used in treatment of hibiscus flowers 28
285-295 HMG-CoA (hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coen-
- - list of 285 zym A) reductase inhibitors 156
- - therapeutic efficacy of, questions - lipid lowering activity 156
concerning 295 - in red yeast rice 156
hop 28, 41 , 208, 294
- extract 99
H - glands 98, 99
hamamelis - indications 99
- Hamamelis virginiana 306 - strobiles 98, 99, 208
- preparations 307 horse chestnut (seed) extract 19, 158-166
- - based on distillates 306, 307 - active constituents of 160
- - tannin containing 307 - chemistry and pharmacokinetics of
- - uses of 307 aescin 160
Harpagoghytum procumbens 316 - clinical studies on 161-165
harpagoside 317 - in a controlled-release dosage form 166
hawthorn 108-122 - healthy subjects 161
- description of 109 - indications of according to monographs
- flowers 19, 28 165
- hawthorn based medicine 109-118 - pharmacology 160
- - clinical studies with 114-117 - production of 159
- - contraindications 117 - therapeutic studies in patients 161
- - dosage recommended 110, 117 - toxicology 161
- - drug products 118 - uses of 165
- - extracts used in the production 109 horsetail 11 , 28
- - indications 117 Humulus lupulus 98, 208, 294
- - pharmacokinetics 109 husk (psyllium seed) 29, 247

Subject Index 375

Hydrastasis canadensis 351 intermittent claudication, ginkgo extract
hypercholesterolaemia 140, 156, 157 153
- garlic consumption to control 140 intestinal flora, modification of 243
- red yeast rice affecting 156 ipecac novum infusion 195
hyperforin 59 ipatropium bromide 3
hypericin 60, 63 irritable colon 17
- pharmacokinetics 60 isoflavones with estrogen-like properties
- pharmacological activity of 63 291
- - compared with hypericum extract 63 isolating and modifying plant constituents
- pseudohypericin (see there) 60 2--4
hypericum ivy leaf 187
- extract (see also St. John s wort) 10, 19,
29, 41, 57-59, 65-70
- - commercial products based on hyper- J
icum products 72 Jamaican quassia 207
- - interactions 71 jojoba wax (liquid) 326
- - preparations 64 juniper berries 28
- - - photosensitization 71
- - - phototoxic skin reactions from 64
- - - a possible side effect 71 K
- - treatment studies with 65-70 kava 41
- - - controlled studies 65 - as an anxiolytic 78, 79
- - - depression 65-70 - beverage made from 78
- oil 311 - - prolonged use of 84
Hypericum perforatum - botanical description 78
- description of 57 - crude drug and extract 78
hypertension 126-128 - - sensory qualities of 78
- effect of garlic on 136, 137 - extract 78, 79, 82
hypotension 124-126 - - active principles of 79
- caffeine-containing herbs 125, 126 - - clinical studies on 82
- essential oils (see also volatile oils) 126 - - preparations 80-85
hypoxis rooperi 277, 278 - - - compaired with oxazepam 80
- - - daily treatment costs of 85
- - - efficacy of 81-84
- - - medical uses -of 85
Iceland moss 28, 180-182 - - - side effects of 84
Illicium verum 193 - - pharmacological actions of 83
immortelle flowers 28 - - toxicity of 78
immune stimulants 341-354 - rhizome 19
Indian snakeroot 127 kavain 83
indications for the use of phytomedicines - drug efficacy studies on 83
19,20 kavalactones (see kavapyrones) 79, 80
- herbal medications in Germany 20 kavapyrones (kavalactones) 79, 80
- medicinal teas 27-30 - bioavailibility of 79
- traditional 18 - pharmacological profile of 80
infarct, multi-infarct dementia 52 khellin 3
infection 169-171 kidney
- flu like (see cold syndrome) 169-171 - bean pods 28
- upper respiratory infection 169 - teas 280-282
- viral infection 169 knotgrass 28
infusion 34
- ipecac novum infusion 195
inhalation therapy 177, 178, 191 L
- bath salts 191 lady's-mantle 28
- dry inhalation 178 Lavandula angustifolia 100
- head steam bath 178 lavender flowers 28
- steam inhalation 178, 191 - aromatherapy 101
insomnia 24, 97, 99 -leaves 126

376 Subject Index

- oil 100 - chaste berry extract recommend for
laxatives women suffering from 289
- anthranoid containing 17, 248-253 mate 29
- - adverse effects of 250 Matricaria recutia L. 302
- - longterm use of 250 meadowsweet flowers 29, 173, 174
- - mechanisms of action 249 mebeverine 3
- bulk forming 241-248 medicinal
- castor oil 217, 254, 255 - oils (see oils) 10
- osmotic agents 248 - spirits 11
lemon - teas 25-37
- balm 11, 28, 41 - yeast 350, 351
- - leaves 312 Melaleuca (M)
- verbena leaves 102 - M alternifolia 312
Leonurus cardiaca 122 - M species 189
lesser centaury 28 - M viridiflora 189
licorice 29 melanosis coli caused by anthranoid laxa-
- root 186, 194, 195, 223, 224 tives 251
lily-of-the-valley 119, 120 Melissa oHicinalis 99, 312
linamarin 245 menopausal complaints 290, 291
linden flowers 29, 172, 173 - intake of black cohosh extract recom-
linseed 226, 242, 244-246 mended for 291
- HeN release after ingestion 245, 246 Menopausal symptoms
- no risks involved 246 - treatment of with kava 81
Linum usitatissimum 244 Mentha piperita (see also peppermint)
lipid 226-230
- blood lipids 140 menthol (see also peppermint oil) 12,
- garlic tablets to reduce level of 140 176-179, 181, 219, 228-230, 320
- metabolism, garlic 135 - cold receptors stimulation 178
liquid dosage forms 9, 10 Menyanthes trifoliata 207
live dried yeast 236-238 methylbutenol 99
liver diseases 257-263 methylxanthines 125
- herbal remedies used for treatment of micturition difficulties 274-277
257-263 migraine prevention, feverfew for 324,
lovage root 29 325
lovastatin 157 milk thistle flUlts 19, 29, 258
lozenges 13, 178-180 mistletoe 11, 36, 127, 347, 348
- gum lozenges 179 - different preparations made of 349
lupulin 99 - growth sites 347
- lectin-optimized extract, made of 349
- preparations 348
M - - cancer in humans 350
mahonia - clinical studies on 350
- bark 312 - lectins in 349
- Mahonia aquifolium 352 - questions concerning 348
- root 312 - for segmental therapy 351
mallow - therapeutic side effects of 348
- flowers 29, 182 - unwanted side effects of 348
- leafs 29, 182
monaculin K 156
Malva sylvestris 182 Monascus purpureus 156
Mala neglecta 182
Monk's pepper 287
mannitol 248
motherword 122
marker compounds 7
mucilaginous herbs 180, 181
Marsdenia condurango 208
mucus viscosity 184, 185
marshmallow
- reduction of by water intake 185
- flowers 29
mullein flowers 29, 182
-leafs 29 mushroom poisoning 261
- root 182
mynol 189, 192
mastalgia, cyclical 289

Subject Index 377

 olive tree 127
N
onion 155
naphthodianthrones 59
opium 238
naringin 208
- poppy 3
nasal ointments 176, 177
orange
neohesperidin 208
- bitter orange peel 28, 205, 208
Nerium oleander 121
- blossoms 29
nerve teas 102, 103
- flowers 29
- tea formula 103
oregon grape 352
nervous insomnia 99
orthosiphon leaf 29
- state of nervous unrest 100, 102
Oryza sativa 156
nervousness 87 osmotic agents 248
nettle 11 oxazepam compared with kava 83
-leaf 29
- root 274, 275
- tops 319 p
neurodermitis 308 packaging / package insert 13, 14
- evening primrose oil used for treatment PAP (platelet acitivating factor) 46
of 308 - receptors 46
niaouli oil 189 pain 24, 320-325
nootropic drugs 46, 47 - cardiac 24
nootropic therapy 53, 54 - cayenne pepper for local pain relief 322
- combination with cognitive exercises - peppermint oil 320
54 - skin, trauma and rheumatism 299-312
- critics 53 - tension headache 320
nosedrops 176, 177 pancreatic tissue 214
Panax quinquefoIius 332
PAOD (peripheral arterial occlusive dis-
o ease) 152
oak bark 29, 233, 235 - fontaine stage II 152, 154
oat bran 155 - ginkgo extract in treatment of 152-154
Oenothera biennis 308 Papaver somnifi:rum 238
oil / medicine oils 10 palthenolide 324
- anise oil 179, 181, 193, 219 Passif]ora
- cajuput oil 189 - eduIis 100
- calendula oil 310 - incarnata 100
- castor oil 217, 254, 255 passion flower 29, 41, 100
- citronella oil 189, 325 pastilles 13
- essential oils (see also volatile oils) 126 patient, doctor-patient consultation 20
- - as analeptics 126 pectins 235, 235, 242
- eucalyptus oil 176, 177, 179, 181 pectoral tea 197
- evening primrose oil 308-310 peppermint 29, 219, 226-230
- fennel oil 179, 181 - contraindications 230
- garlic extracts, oily 12 - dosages 230
- lavender oil 100 - indications 230
- myrtol 189, 192 - oil / menthol 12, 176-179, 181, 219,
- niaouli oil 189 228-230
- peppermint oil (menthol) 12, 176-178, - - delayed released products of 227
179, 181, 219, 228-230, 320 - - external treatment of tension headache
- pine-needle oil 189 with 320-322
- spruce-needle oil 189 - - irritable bowel syndrome treatment
- St.john's wort oil 10 with 226-230
- thyme oil 179, 181 - - and nasal air passage 176
- turpentine oil 189 - - pharmacokinetics 227
- volatile oils 5, 122 - - pharmacologic properties 221, 228
oleander leaves 119, 121 - - risks and side effects 229, 230
oleandrin 119, 121 - tea 227, 229
oligomeric procyanidins 109, 110, 117 - - no risks associated with 220

378 Subject Index

- therapeutic efficacy 228 phytosterols from hypoxis rooperi 277,
peptic, dyspeptic complaints 212 278
percolation vs. decoction 7 phytotherapy 2, 14, 16-25
petasites - benefits and risks of phytomedicines
- Petasites hybridus 181, 268 23-25
- rhizome 268 - indications for the use of phytomedi-
- species 36 cines 19, 20
Peumus boldus 213 - onset of action 16
phalloidin 259 - pharmacologic and clinical research
- antidotal efficacy of silymarin 259 17-19
pharmaceutical preparation, phytomedi- - rational 14
cines 3-9 - therapeutic range 16
- adjustment of quality 7 - what physicians require from phytomed-
- analytical quality of control 8, 9 icines 20, 21
- pharmaceutical quality of herbal product Picrasma exelsa 207
21 Pimpinella (P.)
- production methods 6, 7 - P. anisum 193, 220
- quality of the herbal material 6 - P. saxifraga (saxifrage root) 190
- standardization of extracts 5, 6 pine bark 339
pharmacodynamic effects 18 pineapple plant 214
pharmacotherapy, common roots of pine-needle oil 189
1-39 Pinus (P.)
Phleum pratense 276 - P. exelsa 189
phosphatidylcholine 155 - P. palustris 189
phospholipids derived from soybeans - P. pin aster 339
155, 262, 263 - P. silvestris 189
photosensitization 64, 71 Piper methysticum 78
- of hypericum preparations 71 placebo effect 2, 18, 23
- by St. John's wort 64 plant
- - and threshold dose 64 - constituents, isolating and modifying 2-4
photo toxic skin reactions from hypericum - juices 11
preparations 64 - psychotropic plant durgs 41
phytoestrogens 291-293 - sedatives 41
- claims for 292 Plantago lanceolata 182
- dietary intake of 291 plantain 29, 182
- in red clover extracts 293 platelet
- soy isoflavones as 292 - acitivating factor (PAF) 46
phytomedicines 3-16 - aggregation effect 46
- benefits and risks of 23-25 - - of garlic 136
- glycerites 9 - - of ginkgolides on 46
- herbal combination products 14-16 podophyllin 217, 311
- indications for the use of 19, 20 Polygala senega 187
- liquid dosage forms 9, 10 Populus tremula 318
- medicinal spirits 11 Potentilla (P.)
- medicine oils 10 - P. anserina 293
- most commonly prescribed, list of - P. erecta 235
357-366 premenstrual syndrome 285-295
- packaging 13, 14 - herbal drugs used in treatment of
- patients hopes and expectations 22, 285-295
23 - - list of 285
- pharmaceutical preparation (see there) - - therapeutic efficacy of, questions
3-9 concerning 295
- - technical process 6 primula
- plant juices 11 - flowers 29
- solid dosage forms 11-13 - root 29, 187
- syrups 10 Primula veris 187
- tinctures (see there) 9 pro(:yanidins 339
- what physicians require from 20, 21 - clinical trials on 340

Subject Index 379

- as constituents of venous remedies 341 restlessness 87-103
- oligomeric 109, 110, 117 Rhamnus (R.)
- sources of 339 - R. frangula 252
proscillaridin 121 - R. purshianus 252
Prunus africana 278 rhapontic rhubarb root 294
pseudohypericin 60 rhatany tincutre 326
- pharmacokinetics 60 Rheum (R.)
psychodynamic effects of a drug 24, 226 - R. rhaponticum 294
- cure rates referable to - R. spp. 251
psychotropic plant drugs 41 rheumatic
psyllium 36, 226, 242 - complaints 24, 319
- seed (husk) 29, 247 - conditions 316
pumpkin - disorders 32
- globulin 276 rhododendron leaves 127
- seeds 275, 276 rhubarb 29, 250--252
pygeum 278 - root 251 , 252
pyrrolizidine alkaloids 36, 314 - - root extract 252
ricinoleic acid 254
Ricinus communis 254
Q risks and benefits of phytomedicines
quality 23--25
- adjustment of 7 Roemheld syndrome 218
- analytical quality of control 8, 9 roman chamomile 302
- herbal material 6 rose hips 29
- pharmaceutical quality of herbal product rosemary 29
21 -leaves 126
quassia 207 rubbing alcohol 326
QJ1assia amara 207
quercetin 110
- biovailibility of in human 110 S
QJ1ercus robur 235 Saccharomyces (S.)
Quillaja saponaria 187 - S. boulardii 236
- S. cerevisiae 236, 311 , 351
sage 29, 180
R salicin 174
radish 11 salicylates 174
ragwort 36 Salix (S.)
raspberry - S. alba 174
-leaf 29 - S. purpurea 174
- root 29 salts, smelling 126
Rauwolfia 3 sambucus nigra 171
- R. serpentina 126 saponins / saponin-containing herbs
red 186--189
- clover isoflavones 293 saW palmetto berries 270--274
- yeast rice 156, 157 saxifrage root (Pimpinella saxifraga) 190
renal stone disease 266 scillaren A 121
- list of herbal drugs to treat 266 Secale cereale 276
- mild forms of 266 secoiridoid glycosides 208
reserpine 127 sedative 41
respiratory system 169-201 - plant 41
- bronchomucotropic agents 185 - teas 102, 103
- cold syndrome (flulike infection) self-medication 18
169-171 Senecio species 36
- cough drops 179 senega snakeroot 29, 187
- gastropulmonary reflex 185 senna
- inhaltation therapy 177, 178 - leaves 19, 29, 250, 253
- upper respiratory infection 169 - pods 29, 250, 253
- viral infection 169 - - alexandrian senna pods 253

380 Subject Index

 Serenoa repens 270-273 standardization of extracts 5, 6
- berries 270 steam inhalation 178, 191
- extract 271-273 Sterculia urens 248
- - controlled clinical studies 273 stomach
- repens 271 - bitter 204
shepherd's purse 29, 294 - tea 215
siberian ginseng K-strophanthin 120
side effects 25 studies, clinical 17
silvelWeed 29, 293 suggestive effect 25
Silybum marianum 258 surinam quassia 207
silymarin 258-261 swedish herbs 15
- antitoxic effects of 259 sweet clover extract 167
- efficiency of in patients with hepatic cir- swelling agents 243
rhosis 261 sweroside 208
- pharmacokinetics 259 Symphytum officinale 314
- uses of in muslu'oom poisoning 261 symps 10
sinusitis 197
skin, trauma, rheumatism and pain
299-312 T
- inflammation and injuries 301 tablets
sleep disturbances 87-103 - coated 12
slow - uncoated 12
- berries 29 Tanacetum parthenium 324
- blossoms 29 tannic acid 235
slumber teas 102 tannin-containing herbs 232-235
smelling salts 126 tannins 36, 205, 213
soap bark 187 - albumin tannate 235
Solanum dulcamara 310 - gallotannins 235
sorbitol 249 - high concentration of in bearberry leaf
Sorb us aucuparia 249 267
soybean Taraxacum oflicinale 214
- phospholipids 155, 262, 263 tea-like products 26
- preparations 293 teas, medicinal 25-37
Spiraea ulmaria 173 - antidiarrheal tea 240
spirits, medicinal 11 - antitussive tea 196
spmce-needle oil 189 - bile tea 216
squill - bitter tea 215
- bulbs 119 - black tea 233
- powder 121 - bladder and kidney teas 280-282
St.john's - bush tea 36
- bread 239 - carminative tea 221
- wort (see also hypericum extract) 10, 19, - chamomile tea 303
29, 41, 57-59, 65-70 - chest tea 196
- - alcoholic extracts from 58 - cold
- - biochemical models 62 - - for cold relief 171, 175
- - botanical descritpion of 58 - - maceration 34
- - chemistry of 59 - compounded as prescribed by a physi-
- - extract 25, 61 cian 32
- - - clinical efficacy of 64-70 - cough and bronchial teas 190, 196
- - - controlled treatment studies 65-70 - decoction 34
- - - effects of 61 - diuretic tea 282
- - - indications for use of 70 - formulas 33
- - - interactions 71 - for infants and children 35, 36
- - - reduces plasma prolactin level 295 - gastrointestinal tea 221
- - - risks of 71 - green tea 233, 339, 340
- - history of 57 - infusion 34
- - oil 10 - medicinal tea herbs and their indications
- - photosensitization 64 27-30

Subject Index 381

 - nelVe teas 102, 103 - list of herbal drugs to treat 266
- origin of the word tea 25, 26 urologic tea 280
- pectoral tea 197 Urtica dioica 274
- preparation 34 uva ursi leaves 266-268
- sedative teas 102, 103 uzara root 239
- slumber teas 102 uzarin 239
- soluble teas 31
- stomach tea 215
- tea-bag teas 31 V
- tea mixtures 31-33 Vaccinium myrtillus 234
- - formulas for 33 valepotriates 89, 90, 103
- - standard approval 31 - cautions concerning 89, 103
- urologic tea 280 - cytotoxic effects of 90, 91
theophylline in green and black tea 233 - pharmacokinetics 89
therapeutic efficacy, unproven claim 21 valerenic acid 88, 89
theriaca-like mixtures 15 valerian 7, 17, 24, 29, 41 , 87-97, 103
thyme 29, 188 - clinical findings on 91-96
-oil 179, 181 - constituents of 88
- wild thyme 29 - extract of 7, 17, 92-96
Thymus vulgaris 188 - - different types of 87
Tilia (n - - dosages recommended 95
- T. cordata 172 - - effects of a 4 week's treatment with
- T. platyphyllos 172 93-95
tinctures 9 - - side effects of 96
- compo cinchona tincture 9 - - uses of 96
- fixed combinations in tincture form 9 - harmless preparation 24
tinnitus 52 - indications based on monographs 96
tolu balsam 179, 181 - pharmacological effects in human 91
tonic 334-336 - products, valerian 103
tormentil - side effects 96
- rhizome 29, 180, 235 - toxicology of 89
- root 233 - therapeutic significance 97
trauma, skin, rheumatism and pain Valeriana officinalis 87, 88, 103
299-312 varicose veins, symptoms from 24
triticum venous
- rhizome 29 - ins~fficiency, chronic 158
- Triticum aestivum 246 - remedies 158, 358
troches 13, 178-180 - - negative anitude towards 165
trypsin inhibitors, present in unprocessed - - procyanidins used as 341
bran 246 - - for topical use 166
tumeric 29, 210, 214 - - variable quality of 158
- extract (see also curcuma) 214 Verbascum (V)
- rhizome 210 - V. densiflorum 182
turpentine oil 189 - V. phlomoides 182
Tussilago tartara (coltsfoot leaves) 36, 37, vermouth 207
181 vertigo 52
vinyldithiin 133
violet rhizome 29
U Viscum album 347, 350
ulcer disease (see also gastritis) 222 Vitex agnus-castus 286
Uncaria (u.) Vitis vinifera 339
- U. guianensis 338 volatile oils 5, 122
- U. tomentosa 338 - for local application 122
unrest, state of 100, 102
Urginea maritima 121
urinary tract 265-283 W
- disorders 265 watercress 11
- inflammatory irritations of 266 wheat bran 226, 242, 246, 247

382 Subject Index

- chemical composition 246
X
- therapeutic effects of 247
xysmalobium undulatum 239
- unprocessed, trypsin inhibitors present
246
white deadnettle 29 y
- flowers 29 yan'ow 29
wild yeast
- thyme 29 - live dried yeast 236-238
- yam 294 - medicinal 311, 350, 351
willow bark 3, 29, 174, 318 - red yeast rice 156, 157
- acetylsalicylic acid 3
witch hazel 306, 307
- bark 29, 233 Z
- leaf 29, 233 Zea mays 276
Withania somnirera 337
wormwood (absinth) 29, 205, 206

Subject Index 383