SOURCES

OF
ELECTRICITY
Lesson 6

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 There are electrons and protons in the atoms of all materials, but to
do useful work the charges must be separated to produce a potential
difference that can make current flow. Some of the common methods of
providing electrical effects are the following:

 Static Electricity by Friction

 Conversion of Chemical Energy
 Electromagnetism
 Photoelectricity
 Thermal Emission

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 Static Electricity by Friction

In this method, electrons

in an insulator can be
separated by the work of
rubbing to produce
opposite charges that
remain in the dielectric.

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 Conversion of Chemical Energy

Wet or dry cells and

batteries are the
applications. Here a
chemical reaction produces
opposite charges on two
dissimilar metals, which
serve as the negative and
positive terminals.

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 Electromagnetism

Electricity and
magnetism are closely
related. Any moving charge
has an associated magnetic
field; also, any changing
magnetic field can produce
current.

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 Electromagnetism

A motor is an example of
how current can react with a
magnetic field to produce
motion; a generator
produces voltage by means
of a conductor rotating in a
magnetic field.

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 Photoelectricity

Some of the materials

are photoelectric, meaning
they can emit electrons
when light strikes the
surface. The element
cesium is often used as a
source of photoelectrons.

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 Photoelectricity

Photovoltaic cells or
solar cells use silicon to
generate output voltage
from the light input.

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 Photoelectricity

In another effect, the resistance of

the element selenium changes the
light. When this is combined with a
fixed voltage source, wide variations
between dark current and light
current can be produced. Such
characteristics are the basis of many
photoelectric devices, including
television camera tubes,
photoelectric cells, and
phototransistors.
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 Thermal Emission

Some materials when

heated can “boil off”
electrons from the surface.
Them these emitted
electrons can be controlled
to provide useful
applications of electric
current. The emitting
electrode is called a
cathode while and anode is
used to collect emitted
electrons. BANCOROTLE102020
Reference:

Bernard Grob, et.al.,Grob Basic Electronics 7th

Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1993.

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