SIFANG - CSC-326G - V1.00 - Numerical Transformer Protection Equipment Technical Manual - 2012-02

CSC-326G NUMERICAL TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL
MANUAL
BD2011052
BEIJING SIFANG AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

CSC-326G NUMERICAL TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL
MANUAL
Compiled: Liu Wei

Checked: Wang Huanhuan
Standardized: Li Lianchang
Inspected: Nie Juanhong
Version: V1.00
Document Code: F0SF.450.087 (E)
Issued Date: 2012-2-20

CAUTION
Thanks for using equipments of Beijing SiFang Automation Corpration. In order to
use the equipments correctly, please pay attention to the following points:
1) This manual applies only to CSC-326G numerical protection equipment.
2) Please read the manual carefully, and install, adjust, test, operate and
maintain equipment according to the specification.
3) To protect equipment from damage, please don’t plug-hot-plug any unit of the
equipment and touch the chips and components in printed circuit board
(PCB).
4) Please use the eligible testing instruments and devices to test and detect the
protection equipment.
5) If any abnormity occured in the equipment or unusual maintenance is
needed, promptly contact with the agents or our service hotline.
6) The operation password is: 8888, the system setup password is 7777.
WARNING
1) During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of this equipment are
under high voltage. Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage
could result from improper behavior.
2) Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in vicinity of the
equipment. These persons must be familiar with warning & service procedure
described in this manual, as well as with safety regulations.
3) Prerequisites to proper & safety operation of the equipment are proper
storage, setup, installation, operation & maintenance of the equipment.
4) In particularly cases, the general rules & safety regulations according to
relating standards (e.g. IEC, National standards or other International
standards) for work with high voltage equipment must be observed.
COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved.
Registered trademark
® are registered trademark of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
CONTENTS
Part I Technical instruction of the equipment ...................................................................................... 1
1. Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Application ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Main features of CSC-326G protection equipment ............................................................. 1
1.3 Equipment model instruction and function configuration .................................................... 3
1.4 Execution standard................................................................................................................... 4
2. Technical conditions ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Technical capbility ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Main technical data .................................................................................................................. 6
3. Hardware.............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Equipment structure ................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Function module ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 AC module (AC) ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.4 Protection CPU module (CPU) ............................................................................................... 9
3.5 Digital input & output module (DIO) ....................................................................................... 9
3.6 Digital output module (DO)...................................................................................................... 9
3.7 Power module (POWER) ...................................................................................................... 10
3.8 Communication module (61850 COM)................................................................................ 10
3.9 4~20mA output module (AO) ................................................................................................ 10
Part II CSC-326GD Numerical Transformer Differential Protection Equipment .......................... 10
1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 10
2 Equipment software ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Software structure of the protection program ..................................................................... 10
2.2 Startup element....................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Current differential protection ............................................................................................... 11
2.4 Non-electric event record ...................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Tap Control .............................................................................................................................. 14
3. Setting list........................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Connector list .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Setting list ................................................................................................................................ 16
3.3 Instruction of differential protection control word ............................................................... 16
3.4 Instruction of transformer wiring control word .................................................................... 17
3.5 Setting calculation .................................................................................................................. 18
3.6 The related setting value of tap control ............................................................................... 19
4. Terminal diagram .............................................................................................................................. 21
Part IV CSC-326GL Numerical Transformer Protection Measuring and Control Equipment .... 22
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 22
2. Equipment software .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.1 Software structure of the protection program ..................................................................... 22
2.2 Multi-voltage blocking (directional) overcurrent protection ............................................... 23
2.3 One stage overcurrent protection......................................................................................... 25
2.4 Charging protection ................................................................................................................ 25
2.5 Zero sequence voltage protection........................................................................................ 26
2.6 Other protections .................................................................................................................... 26
2.7 TV failure detection................................................................................................................. 26
2.8 CT failure detection ................................................................................................................ 27
2.9 Tripping logic ........................................................................................................................... 27
3. Setting list........................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1 Soft connector ......................................................................................................................... 27
3.2 Setting list ................................................................................................................................ 28
3.3 Instruction of control word ..................................................................................................... 29
3.4 Setting of measuring and control ......................................................................................... 33
4 .Terminal diagram .............................................................................................................................. 35
Part V User instruction.......................................................................................................................... 36
1 .Current transformer polarity ............................................................................................................ 36
2 .Man-machine interface and manipulation ..................................................................................... 36
2.1 Menu structure ........................................................................................................................ 36
2.2 Display instruction .................................................................................................................. 36
2.3 Password ................................................................................................................................. 37
2.4 Setting instruction ................................................................................................................... 37
3. Common faults and treatment measures ...................................................................................... 40
Appendix A Transmitting reports ......................................................................................................... 43
Appendix B Differential protection setting calculation...................................................................... 43
B.1 Setting of the differential current threshold value ICD ...................................................... 43
B.2 Setting of restraint characteristic knee point current ........................................................ 43
B.3 Setting of slope of ratio restraint characteristics curve KID ............................................ 43
Appendix Calculation of back up protection setting ......................................................................... 45
C.1. Transformer Phase-phase fault back-up protection.......................................................... 45
C.1.1 Directional overcurrent protection with voltage blocking ............................................. 45
C.1.1.1 setting of current element ...................................................................................................... 45
C.1.1.2 Setting of under voltage startup element ............................................................................. 46
C.1.1.3 Setting of negative sequence voltage startup element...................................................... 47
C.2. Transformer ground fault backup protection ...................................................................... 47
C.2.1 Zero sequence overcurrent protection (directly earthed transformer) ...................... 47
C.2.2 Gap protection (neural point of the transformer earthed with gap) ............................ 48
C.2.2.1 Gap over voltage protection................................................................................................... 48
C.2.2.2 Gap overcurrent protection .................................................................................................... 48
C.2.3 Zero sequence current protection of auto-transformer neural point ......................... 49
C.3 Overload protection .................................................................................................................... 49
CSC-326G NumericalTransformer Protection Equipment Manual
Part I Technical instruction of the equipment

1. Overview
1.1 Application
CSC-326G numerical transformer protection equipment (hereafter refers to as

equipment) adopts advanced 32-bit microprocessor. It applies the thought of
main protection and backup protection separated in one device. This device
can be used for transformer of 110kv voltage level and below. It can be used for
both substation with automation system and the regular substation.
1.2 Main features of CSC-326G protection equipment
◇ Hardware system with high performance

CSC-326G protection equipment adopts the 32-bit microprocessor and 14-bit
A/D converter. This hardware system with high performance guarantees the
protective device to carry out real time calculation at every sampling interval
for all relays.
Differential protection apply dual-CPU redundancy design which greatly
enhance the reliability of the device.
◇ Flexible measuring and control function
Intelligent I/O module is used for backup protection to realize measuring and
control function. This could satisfy different configuration scheme such as
integration of protection and monitoring or the separation of protection and
monitoring.
◇Complete self-detection hardware platform
Self-detection loops for digital input and digital output are designed to realize
self- detection.
◇ Large liquid crystal display (LCD)
CSC-326G applies large liquid crystal display (LCD) which can display many
kinds of information such as currents, voltages, active and reactive powers,
frequency, status of connectors, current setting group and so on at real time.
The display information can be configured according to the demand of user.
Main menu and all submenu of the equipment are simple and easy to access,
protection and operation information recorded in CSC-326G is clear to see.
There are 11 indicating lamps (in fact LEDs) in front panel of the
equipment.They can show various states of normal, abnormity and action.
1
◇ Modular program design principle

Modular program can make the protection function configured flexibly and
fulfill the demand of different user.
◇ Alternate inrush current discrimination principle
Provide two principles for inrush current discrimination which is 2nd harmonic
restraint and fuzzy set principle selected by the user.
◇ Reliable percentage restraint differential protection
Adopt three fold line characteristic, it could improve the restraint capacity for
the condition CT saturation for the external fault with large magnitude current
◇ Adaptive ratio restraint differential protection
Adaptive ratio restraint differential protection is adopted to identify the fault
state which prevent the misoperation of the protection with fault outside of the
protection stage and ensure the reliable protection.
◇ CT saturation detection
The integrated judgment can discriminate the CT saturation, prevent the
misoperation of the differential protection for the CT saturation occurs when
fault outside.
◇ Flexible backup protection configuration
Flexible backup configuration can meet the demand of different transformer
arrangement. The tripping out also can be configured.
◇ Large capacity fault record and off-line humanized analysis software
With large capacity fault record and event record, PC (personal computer)
could receive records fault data by a standard RS-232 serial port in front
panel of the equipment. A dedicated software EPPC is available for
CSC-326G to analyze fault and protection action, clearly displaying the
complete process of protection action.
◇ Communication interface of substation in automation system
The equipment can provide reliable high-speed dual Ethernet interfaces
(electric or fiber Ethernet interface available), LonWorks network interface
and RS-485 interface. It can apply IEC61850 protocol, IEC60870-5-103
protocol or CSC2000 protocol of Sifang Corporation to realize interface with
substation automation system and protection information management
system.
◇ Humanized and Multifunctional fault analysis software EPPC
Soft and hard connectors are series-wound in the equipment for both
2
substation with automation system and the regular substation.

With dedicated EPPC Software and PC connected with a standard RS-232
serial port in front panel, the equipment can receive and process all sorts of
information.
1.3 Equipment model instruction and function configuration
According to the different application, the model of CSC-326G transformer

protection equipment is shown in Fig 1-1.
CSC-326 G □
C Differential protection
H Reserve protection of high voltge side
L Reserve protection of middle/low voltage side
110kV and lower transformer protection with main

and reserve protection separated.
Code of transformer protection
Code of SIFANG products
Fig 1-1 Model of CSC-326G transformer protection
CSC-326G equipment standard function configuration is shown in table 1-1.

Table1-1 CSC-326G standard function configuration
Number of
Function Stage Remark
time delay
Instantaneous
current differential
protection
2nd harmonics ratio
Differential
restraint differential
protection
protection
Alternative
Fuzzy discrimination
ratio restraint
differential protection
Multiple voltage Voltage blocking can be
blocking directional enabled or disabled.
Backup 2 3
overcurrent Direction can be enabled or
protection
protection disabled
on high
Multiple voltage
voltage side Voltage blocking can be
blocking overcurrent 1 2
enabled or disabled.
protection
3
Number of
Function Stage Remark
time delay
Zero sequence Zero sequence voltage
2 3/Ⅰ,2/Ⅱ
overcurrent protection blocking
Gap overcurrent Parallel output with gap
1 2
protection overvoltage and
Gap overvoltage overcurrent protection
1 2
protection selected by control word
Zero sequence linkage
1 1
trip
Overload 1 1 Alarm
Start up aeration 1 1
Block voltage regulation 1 1
Voltage blocking can be
Multiple Voltage
blocking (directional) 2 3
Directional can be enabled
overcurrent protection
Backup or disabled
protection Definite time current
1 2
on differential protection
medium/low Charging current automatic withdrawal mode
1 1
voltage side protection can be select
Zero sequence
1 1 Alarm
overvoltage protection
Overload 1 1 Alarm/trip
Note: it is the recommend configuration. With the modular program design, the
function can be configured according to the demand of the user (only used
protection function setting in the setting list). It is no need to modify the
program.
1.4 Execution standard
The executed standard for CSC-326G in Sifang is Q/HDSFJ008-2003 CSC-326

series Numerical Transformer Protection Equipment.
2. Technical conditions
2.1 Technical capbility
DC voltage: 220V/110V
Rated inputs
phase voltage: 100V
4
Open-delta voltage:300V
AC current: 1A/5A
Frequency: 60Hz
Current: ≤ 3%
Accuracy Voltage: ≤ 5%
Direction: ≤ ±2

DC circuit: ≤ 35W
Power
AC current: phase ≤ 1VA (In=5A) or ≤ 0.5VA (In=1A)
consumption
AC voltage: phase ≤ 0.5VA
Phase voltage: 0.2V~70V

Open-delta voltage: 3V~300V(Un:300V)
Working range
Current: 0.08In~20In
Note: In is the rated current of CT.
Security GB 16836 IP20 class I.
Electrical RS485: Screened twisted pair
Fiber RS485: optical fiber,850nm, ST connection
Communication Lonworks: Screened twisted pair
Electrical Ethernet: UTP5, RJ45 connection
Fiber Ethernet: optical fiber,850nm, ST connection
AC current: 1s@ 40×In
10s@10×In
Thermal
Continuous @2×In
withstand
AC voltage: 10s @1.4×Un
Continuous @ 1.2×Un
Contacts Make/Break: 200mA/250Ma, 220Vdc
Temperature: IEC 60255-6
Storage –25°C to +70°C
Operation –10°C to + 55°C
Atmospheric
Humidity: IEC 60068-2-3
environment
56 days at 93%
RH and 40°C
Atmospheric pressure: 80kPa~110kPa
Insulation resistance: IEC 60255-5 > 1000 MV
Dielectric withstand: IEC 60255-5
High voltage 2kV common mode
withstand 1kV differential mode
Impulse voltage: IEC 60255-5
5kV common mode
5
1kV differential mode

Vibrations: IEC 60255-21-1
Response and endurance, class 1
Mechanical Shock: IEC 60255-21-2
performance Response and withstand, class 1
Bump: IEC 60255-21-2
Response and withstand, class 1
Fast transient disturbance: IEC 61000-4-4
4kV auxiliary voltage, class 4
Electrostatic discharge: IEC 61000-4-2
Class 4
Contact discharge: 8kV
Air discharge:15kV
EMC Radio Frequency: ANSI C37.90.2
35V/m
Impulse: IEC 61000-4-3
10V/m
High frequency disturbance: IEC 61000-4-1
2.5kV common mode, class 3
1kV differential mode, class 3
2.2 Main technical data
2.2.1 Differential protection
a) Three fold line restraint characteristic, the current of inflection point 2:

4Ie; percentage restraint slope:0.2~0.7,usually adopts 0.3~0.5;
b) Minimum setting range of the differential protection:0.1~20Ie;
c) Setting range of the instantaneous current differential
protection:0.1~20Ie;
d) Setting range of the 2nd harmonic restraint ratio:0.07~0.2;
e) Setting error:no larger than ±5% or ±0.02In;
f) Fast differential protection inherent operation time is no longer than
20ms at 1.5 times of setting value Isd;
g) Phase-phase differential protection inherent operation time is no longer
than 30ms at 2 times of setting value Icd.
Note: I e rated transformer secondary current, the same is the following.
6
2.2.2 Directional phase-phase overcurrent protection
a) Current setting range:0.1Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

b) Low voltage setting range:1V~100V;
c) Negative voltage setting range:1V~100V;
d) Settings error:voltage setting error no larger than ±5% or ±0.1V,current
setting error no larger than ±3% or±0.02In;
e) Maximum sensitive angle:-45°,error ±2°;
f) Voltage threshold of directional element:1 V;
g) Operation stage of directional element:170°±2°;
h) Reset ratio: current, negative voltage is no less than 0.9, low voltage is
no more than 1.1.
i) Inherent time delay(1.2 times setting value)no longer than 40ms.
2.2.3 Zero sequence directional overcurrent protection
a) Overcurrent setting range:0.1 Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

b) Setting error:no larger than ±3% or ±0.02In;
c) Reset ratio :current is no smaller than 0.9;
d) Inherent time delay (1.2 times setting) no longer than 40ms.
2.2.4 Gap over current, over voltage protection
a) Setting range of overcurrent:0.1 Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

b) Setting range of voltage:10V~100V (calculational value)10V~300V(zero
sequence 3U0);
c) Setting error:voltage setting error is no larger than ±5% or ±0.1V,current
setting error is no larger than ±3% or±0.02In;
d) Reset ratio:both current and voltage is no smaller than 0.9;
e) Inherent time delay (1.2times setting) no longer than 40ms.
2.2.5 Overload, blocking voltage regulation, start up ventilation
a) Setting range:0.1Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

b) Setting error :no larger than ±3% or ±0.02In;
c) Reset ratio:current is no smaller than 0.9;
d) Inherent time delay (1.2 times setting) is no longer than 40ms.
7
3. Hardware
3.1 Equipment structure
The equipment adopts the 4U (Height) and 19/2-inch (Width) enclosure,

meeting the IEC60297-3 standard. CSC-326G is installed in the whole built-in
manner and rear connection mode. See it in Fig.3-1.
Fig 3-1 Structure
3.2 Function module
The device is composed of 7 modules. The arrangement of the modules is as

follows shown in fig 3-2 A.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
POWER DO CPU2 CPU1 DIO or AC2 AC1
61850 or
4~20MA
Digital Protectio Protectio Extended Alternating Alternating
power
output 1 n n module current 2 current 1
Fig 3-2 A Arrangement of differential protection modules in CSC 326GD
8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
POWER DO DO CPU DIO or AC2 AC1
61850 or
4~20MA
Power Digital Digital Protectio Extended Alternatin Alternating
output 2 output 1 n module g current current 1
2
Fig 3-2 B Arrangement of backup protection modules in CSC 326GH/L
3.3 AC module (AC)
Module 1 and 2 are AC modules, which include voltage convertor and current
convertor.Different type of the equipment have the different configuration
accordingly. Phase current transformer: rated current 5A, linearity range:
400mA~100A; rated current 1A, linearity range: 80mA~20A.
3.4 Protection CPU module (CPU)
Module 4 and 5 are protection CPU modules used for differential protection;
Module 4 is the protection CPU module while equipment is used as back-up
protection. This module is the key module in the equipment. The two modules
are same which used for differential protection. CPU module is responsible
for all the protection function A/D conversion, software and hardware
self-monitoring and diagnostics.
3.5 Digital input & output module (DIO)
Digital input & output module could be used selectively and it ‘s position is in
slot 3. It can input 7 external strong electricity (220V or110V) digital inputs at
most and output 9 idle contact. As for differential protection, this module is
applied to collection and control the position of transformer tap; for back-up
protection, this module is used for extended digital input and digital output.
3.6 Digital output module (DO)
Module 5 and 6 are digital output module used for back-up protection.
Module 6 is digital output module used for differential protection. This module
is protection tipping out module which could output 17 groups tripping
contacts and 3 groups alarm and protection action signal contact at most.
9
3.7 Power module (POWER)
The input of this module is DC 220V or DC 110V. The output of this module is
±24V、±12V、±5V. It can plug in 9 path external strong electricity (220V or
110V) digital inputs.
3.8 Communication module (61850 COM)
The communication module in this equipment abides by IEC61850 protocol

and has Ethernet interfaces.
3.9 4~20mA output module (AO)
This module could convert measuring current or voltage collected by the

equipment into current ranged from 4 to 20mA and then output the current to
the DCS in the power plant.
Part II CSC-326GD Numerical Transformer Differential

Protection Equipment
1 Introduction
CSC-326GD numerical transformer differential protection equipment applies
to the 2-winding transformer differential protection while the voltage level is
66kV and below. It can be installed inside the switch cabinet on the spot. DIO
module can be configured to realize the position collection and control of
transformer tap.
2 Equipment software
2.1 Software structure of the protection program
Protection CPU software includes main program, sample interruption

program, failure process program and wave recording program.
2.2 Startup element
Phase current abrupt change element is the main startup component. Current
differential element is the auxiliary component.
10
2.2.1 Phase current abrupt startup element

∆iφ > I Qd

∆iφ = iφ (t ) − 2 ∗ iφ (t − T ) + iφ (t − 2T )
I Qd is the definite threshold(equals 0.2Ie), iφ(t) is instantaneous value of
phase current, T is sampling period.
Note: Ie in this manual is all referring to the secondary rated current on high
voltage side. The same as follows.
2.2.2 Current differential startup element
 I dφ max > I cdqd



 I dφ max = Max I dφ , φ = a, b, c

 I cdqd = 0.875 ⋅ I cd

Where I cd is the current differential protection setting, I dφ is the phase

differential current.
2.3 Current differential protection
2.3.1 Fast differential protection (Fast DIFF)

If differential current of any phase is larger than current differential
instantaneous protection setting, the relay trips all the breaker
instantaneously. The operating criterion:
I d > I sd
Where I d is differential current; I sd is current differential instantaneous
protection setting
2.3.2 Ratio differential protection (Ratio DIFF)
2.3.2.1 Characteristic of ratio differential protection
Due to the differences of CT performance, transformation ratio and winding
connection type on each side, there is unbalanced current in differential
circuit. The regular three stage line characteristic is adopted to avoid
misoperation while the unbalanced current reaches the maximum due to
external faults. At the same time it could ensure the flexibility to eliminate
internal faults. The characteristic curve of the percentage ratio differential
protection is shown in Fig 2-1. The operating criterion is as follows:
11
I d > 0.2 I r + I cd I r ≤ 0.6 I e

I > K [I r − 0.6 I e ] + 0.12 I e + I cd 0.6 I e ≤ I r ≤ 4 I e
 d
I d > 0.7[I r − 4 I e ] + K ⋅ 3.4 I e + I cd + 0.12 I e I r > 4I e

 1 m
I r = ∑ Ii
2 i =1
 m
I
 d
= ∑I
i =1
i
Where, I e is the rated current of the transformer, I1....m is current on each

side of the transformer, I cd is starting setting of steady state ratio differential, I d
is differential current, I r is restraint current, k is ratio restraint coefficient
setting (0.2 ≤ k ≤ 0.7) ,the recommended setting is k=0.5.
Id
Isd
70
0.
3=
Kb
KID
Kb1=0.2
Icd
Ir
0.6Ie 4Ie
Fig 2-1 characteristic curve of the percentage ratio differential protection
It is distinguished by phase in program, if any phase could meet with the
above condition, ratio differential protection operates accordingly. If inrush
current discrimination and CT check are both meet, the ratio differential
protection would trip.
2.3.2.2 Inrush current discrimination principle
1) 2nd harmonics blocking principle
The ratio of 2nd harmonics magnitude to fundamental magnitude is used as
the criterion for inrush current discrimination.
I dφ 2 > K xb.2 I dφ
Where I dφ 2 is 2nd harmonics magnitude, K xb.2 is 2nd harmonics restraint

coefficient, I dφ is fundamental component of differential current.
The blocking mode uses “or” gate mode that is if any phase is judged as
inrush current, differential current protection for three phases are all blocked.
2.3.3 Abnormality detection
12
2.3.3.1 Reset judgment

After protective relay start up, if the differential current is not larger than the
threshold for more than 5 seconds, reset the protection.
2.3.3.2 CT failure detection
CT failure is confirmed when current not exist in one or two phases and
differential current exists in normal condition.
The criterion with current abrupt change is as follows:
1) current get smaller ( not larger )after current abrupt change
2) current in one or two phase not exist and current of the other side is
not change
If the above two condition satisfy, confirm the CT failure.
After CT failure, set off alarm signal, and select whether or not to blocking the
protection tripping output.
2.3.3.3 Differential current over threshold alarm
At normal condition, the differential currents are monitored if the differential
element connector is enabled. When the relay is not started up, it would alarm
after 5 second. The criterion is as follows:
I dφ > 0.3I cd
Where I dφ is differential current at each phase
2.3.4 Current differential protection operation logic
13
Fast DIFF
&
I d > I SD
1
Y 1
Fast DIFF trip
A 1 >=1 1
I d > I SD 1 H 1
1
B
I d > I SD
C
Ratio DIFF
Ratio DIFF A OP.

1 >=1
1 H 1
Ratio DIFF B OP. 1
Ratio DIFF C OP.
2nd Har ON
1
1
I d .2 > K 2 I d .1 1 &
& 1
Ratio DIFF trip
A A 1 >=1 Y 1
Y
I d .2 > K 2 I d .1 1
1
H 1 1
B B
I d .2 > K 2 I d .1
C C
CT fail BLK Ratio 1 &
Y
DIFF 1
CT fail
CT fail Alarm
Id >IY
A X >=1
1
Id >IY 1 H 1
1
DIFF Ex-limit
B X
Id >IY
C X
Fig.2-2 Current differential protection operation logic
2.4 Non-electric event record
Digital input which is non-electric contact from transformer will output a group
of idle contact to main differential protection equipment for event record. The
record would upload to SCADA. The equipment could access 9 digital inputs,
each of which can be configured to trigger fault signal and alarm signal or be
used as a common remote signal digital-in by control word.
2.5 Tap Control
The equipment could access the message of transformer tap (8421 code or
BCD code) which is converted and processed by tap transducer. 5 path tap
remote signal can support 32 taps position and upload the signal to computer;
the equipment outputs three groups contacts such as ascending, descending
and stopping tap contacts which can be controlled by monitoring system or by
external manual control. Emergency stopping tap can be settled on the site,
14
not relying on communication network or monitor system. The equipment

could also access external contact to blocking tap.
The control word D3 is used to set up the sequence of remote control object
to accord with remote control shifting function in CSI-200E measuring and
control equipment. If setting is as “control object shiftup, downshift or
stopping”, remote control object 01, 02 and 03 corresponds to shift up,
downshift or stopping function respectively. If setting is as “control object
downshift, shiftup or stopping”, remote control object 01,02 and 03
corresponds to ascending, descending or stopping function respectively.
0ms
To tap up Tfh Start
Tup
0 &
JZ
Tapup OP.
Thd
0 &
Y
Succeed
Expected value Tstop

0
& &
Y JZ
Tapoff OP.
Grade error
0ms
To tap down Tfh Start
Tdn
0 &
JZ
Tapdown OP.
Thd
0 &
Y
Succeed
Expected value
Tstop
0
& &
Y JZ
Tapoff OP.
Grade error
Fig 2-3 Tap control logic

Note: Tup is pulse width of shift up; Tdn is pulse width of downshift; Thd is
time setting to judge sliding, Tfh is internal setting.
Tfh=2*Thd+Tstop+Max(Tup,Tdw)+2s.
3. Setting list
3.1 Connector list
Name Function
Fast DIFF Fast differential protection can be enabled or
disabled.
Ratio restraint differential protection can be
Ratio DIFF
Note: If any protection is enabled, external differential hard connector and the
corresponding soft connector should be enabled.
15
3.2 Setting list
NO. Name Reference Scope Unit Remark

Refer to the
1 DIFF Ctr Word 0000~FFFF None illustration of control
word
Refer to the
2 Wiring Ctr Word 0000~FFFF None illustration of control
word
3 Rated capacity 0~500 MVA
Fix to high voltage
4 Ⅰ Rated V 0.01~1000 kV
side
5 ⅠCT Primary 1~5000 A
6 ⅠCT Secondary 1~5 A 1A or 5A
7 Ⅱ Rated V 0~1000 kV If not used, set as 0
8 Ⅱ CT Primary 1~5000 A
9 Ⅱ CT Secondary 1~5 A 1A or 5A
0.04~20(In=1A) (6~8)Ie is
10 Fast DIFF I A
0.2~100(In=5A) recommended
0.04~20(In=5A) (0.3~1.2) Ie is
11 DIFF Startup I A
12 DIFF Slope 0.2~0.7 None 0.5 is recommended
0.15 is
13 Harmonic Ratio 0.07~0.2 None
recommended
0.04~20(In=5A) 1~2 Ie is
14 CTF BLK DIFF I A
Note: Ie is the secondary rated current on the high voltage side. The default I
side is high voltage side.
3.3 Instruction of differential protection control word
Bit 0 1
D4~D15 Not Used Not Used
D3 CT Fail DIFF ON CT Fail DIFF OFF
D2 CT Check OFF CT Check ON
D1 DIFF Alarm OFF DIFF Alarm ON
16
D0 2nd Harm OFF 2nd Harm ON
3.4 Instruction of transformer wiring control word
Set according to binary

Transformer connection
type
D15~D3 D2 D1 D0
0 0 0 1 Y/△-11
0 0 1 0 Y/△-1
0 0 1 1 △/Y-11
0 1 0 0 △/Y-1
0 1 0 1 Y/Y-12
0 0 0 0 External convers
Instruction:
1. If connection control word is set as “0”, choose external Y/D conversion
(It is referring to CT phase correction outside the equipment). At this time,
special attention should be given to the amplification of CT secondary
current. For example, If CT primary current is connected as Y type,
secondary current is as △, CT secondary current is amplified 3 times. If
CT ration is 600/5, CT transformation ration is set as ( 600 / 3 )/5.
2. The software supports the above “6 kinds” transformer connection mode
to adjust phase automatically. It should be set according to the practical
transformer type. Setting error will result in protection misoperation. While
accessing secondary current, current on each side should be connected
with the current input terminal on the corresponding side according to
sequence listed in the above table. Misconnection will result in
misoperation.
For example:
If the transformer type is “Y/△-1”,the connection control word should be set
as 0002 and the software will adjust phase according to “Y/△-1”. Then the
secondary current on high voltage side(Y)is connected to I side of the
equipment, low voltage side(△-1)is connected to II side.
3. Note: I side is high voltage side fixedly, it is benchmark side.
17
3.5 Setting calculation
3.5.1 Current connection mode

The equipment is designed according to two side differential protection. I side
is high voltage side fixedly.Rated voltage, CT primary and secondary current
setting should be set correctly for I side and they should not be set as 0.
Transformer connection control word should be set according the connection
mode and CT connection mode.
The equipment will calculate transformer rated current and balance
coefficient automatically according to transformer rated capacity, rated
voltage on each side and CT transformation ratio on each side. After setting,
user can examine calculation result of balance coefficient in “measurement”
menu on the panel.
3.5.2 Balance coefficient calculation
The formula is as follows. Calculating primary rated currents of each side of
the transformer
Sn
I 1e =
3U 1n
Where, S n means maximum rated capacity of transformer, U1n means rated

voltage of each side of the transformer (it should be the actual working
voltage).
Calculating formula secondary rated current of each side of the transformer
I 1e
I 2e =
nTA
Where, I 1e means primary rated current of each side, nTA means CT

transformation ratio of corresponding side.
Calculating balance coefficient of each side of transformer, based on the
high-voltage reference side
I 2 eH I /n S / 3U 1nH nTAM U 1nM nTAM

K phM = = 1eH TAH = n ⋅ = ⋅
I 2 eM I 1eM / nTAM S n / 3U 1nM nTAH U 1nH nTAH
Multiply each phase current by corresponding balance coefficient, then
compensated current for each phase can be received.
3.5.3 Phase-angle compensation for each phase
The phase of CT secondary current on each side of the transformer is
corrected by the software automatically. As for the transformer which is not
completely connected according to Y type, the phase on Y side needs to be
18
corrected. For Y/Δ-1 connection type, the correction method is as follows:

Y side:
• • •
I ' a = (I a − I c ) / 3
• • •
I ' b = (I b − I a ) / 3
• • •
I ' c = (I c − I b ) / 3
• • • • • •
' ' '
Where, I a 、 I b 、 I c are CT secondary current on Y side, I a 、 I b 、 I c are
respective phase current on Y side after correction. Other connection modes
can be deal with the same way.The connection mode of transformer should
be chosen by setting the control word.
The related calculations of differential current and restraint current are
implemented after current phase correction and balance compensation.
3.6 The related setting value of tap control
3.6.1 Setting list

No Name Scope Unit Remark
Refers to instruction of control

1 Tap Ctr Word 0000~FFFF
word for tap control
2 Tap up PW 0.1~10 s Default=2s
3 Tap down PW 0.1~10 s Default=2s
4 Tap stop PW 0.1~10 s Default=2s
If set as 0, there is no center tap

5 Center tap 1 0~32
1

6 Center tap 2 0~32
2

7 Center tap 3 0~32
3
The default interval from
8 Tap Slip T 0.1~1000 s shifting up/down shift to the
examining sliding time is 10s.
19
3.6.2 Control word for tap control

Bit 0 1
D3 Ctr up-down-off Ctr down-up-off
D2 Tap Decimal Tap HEX
D1 Cen.Tap normal Cen.Tap Xa/Xb/Xc
D0 Emerg Stop ON Emerg Stop OFF
3.6.3 Instruction of setting

If the practical center tap is 9A,9B and 9C(The tap position is 9B while
step-up from 8) ,tap control word D1=1 (center tap adopts Xa/Xb/Xc mode),
center tap 1 is set as 9, center tap 2 and center tap 3 are set as 0.
If the practical center tap is 9 and 11(The tap position is 10 while step-up from
8), the tap control word D1=0 (center tap adopts the common mode), center
tap 1 is set as 9, center tap 2 is set as 11, center tap 3 is set as 0.
20
4. Terminal diagram
Fig 4-1 Terminal diagram of CSC-326GD
21
Part IV CSC-326GL Numerical Transformer Protection

Measuring and Control Equipment
1. Introduction
The equipment applies to the 110kV transformer back-up protection and
monitoring on medium and low voltage side. Standard configuration includes
intelligent DIO module to complete the monitoring and control functions; the
DIO module will not be configured if protection and monitoring are configured
separately.
Main protection function includes:
a) Two stages multi-voltage blocking directional overcurrent protection;
b) One stage overcurrent protection;
c) Charging protection;
d) Zero sequence overvoltage alarm(ZS OV);
e) Overload protection, tripping or alarm;
f) VT fail detection;
g) CT fail detection;
h) Export logic programmable setting control.
Main function in measuring and control aspect includes:
a) 16 digital input signals collection, equipment remote signal displacement,
accident remote signal;
b) 9 remote control outputs, could accomplish closing/opening operation in
4 pairs remote control object;
c) Remote measuring analogue such as
Ua,Ub,Uc,Ia,Ib,Ic,P,Q,cosф,Uab,Ubc,Uca;
d) All sorts of events (SOE) etc..
2. Equipment software
2.1 Software structure of the protection program
Protection CPU software includes main program, sample interruption service

program and failure process program.
22
2.2 Multi-voltage blocking (directional) overcurrent protection
This protection is only used as backup protection of transformer and adjacent

element for phase-phase fault. There are two stages voltage blocking
(directional) overcurrent protection. Stage I and stage II will have directions
and each stage has three time delay. The direction in protection function all
points the way that positive polarity of CT is on the bus side. Each stage has a
soft connector which can be disabled and all shared overcurrent protection
hard connector.
2.2.1 Multi-voltage blocking element
Multi-voltage blocking element is composed of the low voltage element and

negative sequence voltage element. Voltage on each side can all be used as
blocking voltage, the operation criterion is:
Min(U ab , U bc , U ca ) < U xjzd or U 2 > U fxzd
U
Where, U ab , U bc , U ca is three phase voltage., xjzd is low voltage setting; U 2
U fxzd
is negative sequence voltage, is the negative sequence voltage
setting(setted according to U 2 ).
The equipment may output operation contract in multi-voltage element on it’s
own side, Also there is a “MV DI” to access multi-voltage element contact
from other backup protection.
The equipment could set voltage blocking as “Own MV” or “Other MV” with
control word.
2.2.2 Directional element
The phase angle difference of input current and voltage of the directional
element is 90 degrees. The maximum sensitive angle is -45 degrees; The
operation range is φ lm ± 85 ; the forward direction can be selected by control


word as directed to the transformer or system. In order to avoid the voltage

dead stage for three phase fault at relay location, the memory voltage is used
for directional element.
23
⋅
Ia
850 ϕ lm = −⋅ 450 ⋅
U bc U bc
850
ϕ lm = 1350
⋅
Ia
a)Directed to the transformer b) Directed to the system

Fig 2-1 phase-phase directional element characteristic
2.2.3 Overcurrent element
Overcurrent element operate for each phase, the operation criterion is:
max( I a , I b , I c ) > I zd
Where I zd is the overcurrent protection setting.
2.2.4 Influence of VT failure
There are two selections by control word: If the control word set as 1, it
means that directional and voltage blocking are satisfied after VT abnormity;
If the control word set as 0, it means that directional and voltage blocking are
not satisfied after VT abnormity
Whatever the control word is, after VT abnormity, complex voltage contact on
it’s own side would not output. Therefore, the consequence of VT abnormity
on each side will not affect action of voltage element in backup protection on
other side.
2.2.5 Multi-voltage blocking (directional) overcurrent
protection logic
The logic is shown on Fig 2-2.
24
Mi
(U a , U bc , U ca ) < U z
n b d 1 >=1
H 1
1 1 &
Y 1
U2 > U2 z 0
d
1 >=1
H 1
MV component OP.
1
VT fail
VT Fail Blk OFF
MV componentt off
Own MV ON &
1
Y 1
1
Own MV OP.
1 >=1
Other MV ON 1 & H
1 1
Y 1
1
1
Other MV OP.
1 >=1
MV BLK OC ON 1
1 &
OC OP. 1 Y 1 Tzd MV directional OC OP.
1
1 &
OC Dir ON
Y 1
0 >=1 1
1 >=1 1
Dir OP. H 1 1
VT fail 1 &
Y 1
VT Fail Blk OFF
MV OC on
Fig 2-2 multi-voltage blocking (directional) overcurrent protection operation

logic
2.3 One stage overcurrent protection
This protection is a simple 2 time delay overcurrent protection without voltage

blocking, only used as backup protection of transformer and adjacent element
for phase-phase fault. This protection uses the same hard connector with
voltage blocking (directional) overcurrent protection.
2.4 Charging protection
Charging protection is controlled by the charging soft connector. It’s decided

by control word whether charging protection will disable automatically after
manual closing. There are two seletions provided by control word.1 means
charging protection will be disabled manually The charging protection is
controlled by the soft connector.Protection enables while connector enables.
Whereas protection disables while connector disables; 0 means charging
protection will be disabled automatically. The charging protection enables
25
within 2s after charging digital input and then charging protection will be
disabled after 2s automatically. Delay time setting of charging protection
should not be longer than 2s.
While control word is 1 and there are load on transformer, when charging
protection connector enables for more than 2 hours, “charging digital input
alarm” message will be sent.
When charging protection operates, The equipment will output the contacts of
“Trip own CB”and” BLK ABT ”.
Charge on
I>Idz
2s 1 &
0 Y Tzd1
1 & 1 1
Charging OP.
Y 1
1
Charging DI 1
1 &
Y 1
Charge Auto OFF
Charge on
1 &
Y Tzd1
I>Idz 1 1
Charging OP.
1
Charge Man. OFF
1 &
Y 1 2小时
Charge DI Alarm
Have current 1 0
Fig 2-3 charging protection logic diagram
2.5 Zero sequence voltage protection
Zero sequence protection use the inner calculational 3U 0 to trigger alarm.
2.6 Other protections
There are other backup protections such as overload protection which could
alarm or trip by control word. When set to trip, the absolute contact would be
output.
2.7 TV failure detection
TV abnormity includes three phase abnormity and unsymmetrical abnormity.

a) If voltages of three phase all are under 8v and current of phase A or
phrase B is larger than no current setting (0.08 In), It is confirmed three phase
TV abnormity over 10s.
b) If inner calculational 3U 0 is larger than 8V and the minimum
26
phase-phase voltage is under 16v, It is confirmed TV abnormity over 10s.
c) If inner calculational 3U 0 added by three phase voltage is larger than 8V,

the voltage difference between the maximum phase-phase voltage and the
minimum phase-phase voltage is larger than 16v, It is confirmed TV
abnormity over 10s.
2.8 CT failure detection
Criterion is as follows:
If 3I0 is larger than no current setting of CT abnormity detection, confirm CT
failure over 12s. CT faliure detection can be enabled or disabled by the
control word.
2.9 Tripping logic
All protection elements can trip any output contacts by setting the trip control
word. The equipment have five groups trip output and one group blocking
backup power on it’s own side output for setting, the name of each output is
corresponding to the name in contact diagram. For example, the “Trip own
CB” is corresponding to the “X7-1~X7-6”.The defining of trip control word is
shown clearly in setting list.
Note: as for the limitation of the display screen, all export control words are
leaved out “control” word. For example, “CB Word”,“Bus joint Word”. Tripping
control word is defined according to digit number. As the above table, the
setting method is the same to the common control word. As for“CB Word”,If
bit0 is set as “1”, it means the own side break would be tripped by the element
of “MV OC Ⅱ T 1” ,If bit1 is set as “
1”, it m eans the CB would not be tripped by
the element of “MV OC Ⅱ T 1” .
3. Setting list
3.1 Soft connector
NO. Name Function

Voltage directional overcurrent
1 MV OC Ⅰ
stage 1 protection is disabled
Voltage directional overcurrent
2 MV OC Ⅱ
stage 2 protection is disabled
27
NO. Name Function

One stages overcurrent
3 OC
protection is disabled
4 Charge Charging protection is disabled
Note: while some protection needs to be enabled, outer hard connector and
the corresponding soft connector need to be enabled.
3.2 Setting list
NO. Name Scope Unit Remark
Refer to the
1 Ctr Word 1 0000~FFFF None illustration of the
control word
Refer to the
2 Ctr Word 2 0000~FFFF None illustration of the
control word
0.04~20(In=1A)
3 MV OC Ⅰ I A
0.2~100(In=5A)
4 MV OC Ⅰ T 1 0.02~32.00 S
5 MV OC Ⅰ T 2 0.02~32.00 S
6 MV OC Ⅰ T 3 0.02~32.00 S
0.04~20(In=1A)
7 MV OC Ⅱ I A
0.2~100(In=5A)
8 MV OC Ⅱ T 1 0.02~32.00 S
9 MV OC Ⅱ T 2 0.02~32.00 S
10 MV OC Ⅱ T 3 0.02~32.00 S
0.04~20(In=1A)
11 OC I A
0.2~100(In=5A)
12 OC T1 0.02~32.00 S
13 OC T2 0.02~32.00 S
14 BLK OC V 1.0~100.0 V Phase-phase voltage
15 BLK OC Neg. V 1.0~100.0 V U2

0.04~20(In=1A)
16 Charging I A
0.2~100(In=5A)
17 Charging T 0.02~32.00 S
28
18 ZS OV V 10~100 V
19 ZS OV T 0.02~32.00 S
0.04~20(In=1A)
20 Overload I A
0.2~100(In=5A)
21 Overload T 0.2~8000.00 S
Trip breaker control

22 CB Word 0000~FFFF None
word
Trip bus breaker word
23 Section CB Word 0000~FFFF None
Trip all sides breaker

24 All CB Word 0000~FFFF None
control word
The tripping out 1
25 Trip 1 0000~FFFF None
tripping control word
The tripping out 2
26 Trip 2 0000~FFFF None
tripping control word
Control word of
blocking backup
27 BLK ABT Word 0000~FFFF None
power automatic
switch device
0.04~20(In=1A) Inner calculational
28 CT Check ZS C A
0.2~100(In=5A) zero current
3.3 Instruction of control word
1) Instruction of control word 1

Bit 0 1
D15 VT Fail Func OFF VT Fail Func ON

D14 OC T2 OFF OC T2 ON
D13 OC T1 OFF OC T1 ON
D12 Not Used Not Used
D11 MV OC Ⅱ T 3 O F F MV OC Ⅱ T 3 O N
D8 MV BLK OC Ⅱ O F F MV BLK OC Ⅱ O N
D7 OC Ⅱ D ir Tran. OC Ⅱ D ir B us
29
Bit 0 1
D6 OC Ⅱ D ir O F F OC Ⅱ D ir O N
D5 MV OC Ⅰ T 3 O F F MV OC Ⅰ T 3 O N
D2 MV BLK OC Ⅰ O F F MV BLK OC Ⅰ O N
D1 OC Ⅰ D ir Tran. OC Ⅰ D ir B us
D0 OC Ⅰ D ir O F F OC Ⅰ D ir O n
2）Instruction of control word 2

Bit 0 1

D6 CT Check OFF CT Check ON
D5 VT Check OFF VT Check ON
D4 Overload Alarm Overload Trip
D3 ZS OV Alarm OFF ZS OV Alarm ON
D2 Charge Auto OFF Charge Man. OFF
D1 Other MV OFF Other MV ON
D0 Own MV OFF Own MV ON
3) Instruction of trip it’s own CB control word

Bit 0 1
D0 None MV OC Ⅰ T 1
D3 None MV OC Ⅱ T 1
D6 None OC T1
D7 None OC T2
4）Instruction of trip subsection trip control word

Bit 0 1
30
D6 None OC T1
D7 None OC T2
5) Instruction of trip CB on each side control word

Bit 0 1
D4 None MV OC Ⅱ T2
D6 None OC T1
D7 None OC T2
6) Instruction of trip group 1 control word

Bit 0 1
D6 None OC T1
31
Bit 0 1
D7 None OC T2
7）Instruction of trip group 2 control word

Bit 0 1
D6 None OC T1
D7 None OC T2
8) Instruction of control word of blocking backup power automatic switch

device
Bit 0 1
D6 None OC T1
D7 None OC T2
32
3.4 Setting of measuring and control
1) Setting
Digital input 1~digital input 4

1 DI1~4 Ctr Word 0000~FFFF None
attribute definition
Digital-out pulse width
5 DO Ctr Word 0000~FFFF None
selection
Long time setting of digital
6 DI LTD 0.01~10 s
input twitter elimination
Short time setting of digital
7 DI STD 0.01~10 s input twitter elimination
Long time setting of digital

8 DO LPW 0.01~10 s
output pulse
Short time setting of digital
9 DO SPW 0.01~10 s
output pulse
2）Instruction of digital input control word

Bit 0 1
D0 DI1 STD DI1 LTD
D1 DI1 SOE OFF DI1 SOE ON
D2
Select attribute for DI1
D3
D4 DI2 STD DI2 LTD

D6
D7
D8 DI3 STD DI3 LTD
D10
D11
33
D12 DI4 STD DI4 LTD

D14
D15
3）Instruction of DI attribute combination (take DI1 attribute as an example)

High Bit Low Bit Meaning
0 0 Digital input1 is common
remote signal
0 1 Digital input1 triggers
alarm general
1 0 Digital input1 triggers
event general
1 1 Backup
Note: Definitions of digital input5~16 control word are the same
4）Instruction of digital output control word

Bit 0 1
D0 DO1 SPW DO1 LPW
D1 DO2 SPW DO2 LPW
D2 DO3 SPW DO3 LPW
D3 DO4 SPW DO4 LPW
D4 DO5 SPW DO5 LPW
D5 DO6 SPW DO6 LPW
D6 DO7 SPW DO7 LPW
D7 DO8 SPW DO8 LPW
D8 DO9 SPW DO9 LPW
Note: Digital output 1 corresponds 4X1~4X2; Digital output2 corresponds
4X1~4X3; Digital output 3 corresponds 4X4~4X5; Digital output 4
corresponds 4X6~4X7; Digital output 5 corresponds 4X6~4X8; Digital output
6 corresponds 4X9~4X10; Digital output 7 corresponds 4X9~4X11; Digital
output 8 corresponds 4X12~4X13; Digital output 9 corresponds 4X12~4X14.
34
4 .Terminal diagram
Fig 4-1 CSC-326GL terminal diagram
35
Part V User instruction

1 .Current transformer polarity
Current transformer is Y connection (it can also choose the regular
connection), the secondary current is directly connected to the equipment.
Shown in the below figure.
Fig 1-1 current transformer connection polarity diagram

Each phase current CT is used as “- polar”, The bus direction is selected as
polar terminal. Notice that the transformer direction is selected as the polar
terminal for the neutral zero sequence CT.
Equipment internal current circuit is fixed with inner current converter. The “”
label in the terminal diagram is means the non polar terminal of the inner
current converter.
2 .Man-machine interface and manipulation
2.1 Menu structure
Every level menu-structure is shown in table 2-1.
2.2 Display instruction
There are loop display, main menu, operation/ alarm report window for
display.
Eqipment loop display analog, connector which is enabled, current setting
zone; current time on the top of the screen; key QUIT could display
information of certain screen fixedly, press key QUIT again will go on with
loop display. In loop display, press key SET to enter device main menu.
36
2.3 Password
The default operation password is 8888.
2.4 Setting instruction
The equipment provides 32 groups setting zone which may swithable, You
should select one setting zone first, after finish import setting, then select
object setting zone which need be fixed.
Table 2-1 Menu structure
Main Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Comment
menu menu menu menu
Analog Examine device analog input
Examine device measured

Metering
value
Examine device measured
Energy
OpStatus power value
Examine device digital input
DI
state
Examine soft connector and
Connect
hard connector state
Switch Switch in fixed setting zone
OpConfig Connect Soft connector put on or off
Time Device clock setting

Main
menu Read Check device setting
Write Setting device

Settings
Switch Switch in fixed setting zone
Delete Deletion in fixed setting zone
Display latest 40 fault report

Event
record
Display latest 40 alarm event
Alarm
record
Report
Display latest 10 wave
Wave
recording data
Display latest 40 device
Operation
operation record
37

Comment
menu menu menu menu
Delete action report record,
Clear alarm record and wave
record separately
Eth 1＃ 1＃Ethernet address setting
Eth 2＃ 2＃Ethernet address setting
Monitor and
Setting of monitor and control
control
fixed value
setting
ComConf
Serial port
Serial (RS232/RS485)functional
parameter
CSC2000 internal protocol
Label
address setting
DO Digital output trip
DI Digital input examination
LED Test Panel lighting test
Accuracy AC analog accuracy test
Zero Examine circuit zero drift
Report virtue alarm event to

Alarm
SCADA and RTU
Report virtue action event to
Test ing Event
SCADA and RTU
Remote Report virtue SOE event to
Signal
SCADA and RTU
Report virtue telemetry
Metering off-limit event to SCADA and
RTU
When enter into test state,
device would not send any
TestMode
message to SCADA and
RTU
Protection program version,
Version
configure version
DevInfo Display device 1# Ethernet
OpInfo Eth 1＃ communication operation
statistic data
38

Comment
menu menu menu menu
Display device 2# Ethernet
Eth 2＃ communication operation
statistic data
Display device panel
MMI communication operation
statistic data
Set network, configure DIO
Module module, soft connector and
hard connector switch mode
Related setting whiling
CSC2000
applying CSC2000 protocol
Related setting while
Prot103
Remote applying 103 protocol
State signal, protocol
Signal version, message parameter,
time setting mode
Set device internal
Modify
parameter
SysParam When download CPU
Default program, default value needs
DevSetup to be reloaded
Set printer’s internal
Print
parameter
Zero drift adjustment (analog
Zero can not be input outside the
device)
Scale adjustment (need test
Scale instrument with high
Metering
accuracy)
Save zero drift coefficient
Save
after adjustment of scale
Electrical power counter
Reset
reset
Adjust contrast in LCD by
Contrast pressing upper and lower
button
39

Comment
menu menu menu menu
Set backlight lighting or shut
Backlit off automatically in LCD
while the keyboard is idle
3. Common faults and treatment measures

The equipment will have regular self-detection in the course of operation. The
auto detection is targeted at the setting zone, trip out loop, sampling channels,
etc. While the abnormaly is found, the report of fault and alarm is sent
initiative and lit warning lights. The kinds of alarm are divided to alarm I and
alarm II. Alarm I is severe alarm. When it occurs, the relay closes down 24V
power supply in the tripping circuit. Under this circumstance, the operator
should immediately notify the relay protection engineer to settle the problem
rather than reset the equipment. While alarm I will not blocking the protection.
The treatment measures of Alarm message in CSC-326G series protection
equipment is illustrated in table 3-1and table 3-2
Table 3-1 reason and treatment of Alarm I
NO. Alarm sorts (I) Possible treatment measures
Open the external trip connector and press the reset

key, if the alarm is still exist, the equipment should be
shutdown the power and restart. If the alarm
1 RAM error
disappears, equipment can run, otherwise the CPU
module should be replaced.
2 EPROM error The same to the above
The same to the above

3 Flash Error

4 DO Abnormal
5 AD error The same to the above
6 Zero Offset Shutdown and maintenance, adjust zero drift
7 Invalid SetGr Switch to the valid setting zone
40
8 Setting Chk ERR Set and save the setting value
Download the correct configuration file by EPPC

9 Logic Scheme ERR
software

key, if the alarm is still exist, the equipment should be
shutdown the power and restart. If the alarm
10 CPU Sampling ERR
disappears, equipment can run, otherwise the CPU

11 CPU Com Fail
Setting and save the setting value

12 CPU setting ERR
Table 3-2 Second class alarm reason and treatment
NO. Alarm sorts Possible treatment measures
1 SpareBattery ERR Replace backup battery
2 Network Abnormal Examine Ethernet physical link
3 MMI Com Fail Examine MMI module
Communication interruption between MMI and CPU

will not affect the protection. If the equipment returns to
normal after restart, communication failure was due to
MMI displays waiting
the protective CPU busy dealing with other tasks. Then
4 for communication
check whether the protection is starts, or whether the
command
network is normal. If the equipment fails to be normal
after restart, the communication circuit has a problem.
Please replace protective CPU module.
41

key, if the alarm is still exist, the device should be
5 DIO DO Abnormal shutdown the Power and restart. If the alarm
disappears, The equipment can run, otherwise the DIO
Press the reset key,if the alarm is still exist, the

equipment should be shutdown the power and restart.
6 DIO Com Fail
If the alarm disappear, equipment can run,otherwise
the DIO module should be replace.
7 DIFF Ex-limit Differential currect over setting
8 CT Fail Examine CT circuit
9 VT Fail Examine VT circuit
10 CC Broken Examine control circuit
11 Overload Alarm Load current over limit
12 ZS OV Alarm Zero sequence voltage over limit
13 Charge DI Alarm Charging digital input long-term electric level
42
Appendix A Transmitting reports

Interface of CSC326G series protection equipments and automation system
is specified in CSC326G series transformer protection information.
Appendix B Differential protection setting calculation

B.1 Setting of the differential current threshold value ICD
ICD is the minimum operation current value of the protection. It should be
larger than the maximum unbalance value of the current with rated normal
load .
ICD＝Krel(Ker.＋∆U＋∆m)Ie
Where:
Ie —rated secondary current of the base side. the same is as the follows
Krel ——reliability coefficient, adopted1.3~1.5;
Ker ——ratio error of the CT, for 10P type ,this value is 0.03×2,for 5P type
and TP type, this value is 0.01×2;
∆U — error caused by transformer voltage regulation,It ishalf of the

maximum voltage regulation range.
∆m — error caused by CT ration mismatch,set as 0.05 original.

According to the practical setting in recent year , the practical setting is
suggested as ICD＝(0.2~0.5)Ie. It should adopt setting value no less than 0.3
Ie, and it should measure the unbalance currect in the circuit with maximum
load .
B.2 Setting of restraint characteristic knee point current

The first knee point value is 0.6Ie(attention: this value is a fixed value).
The second knee point value is set as IB＝4Ie( attention: This value is a fixed
value).
B.3 Setting of slope of ratio restraint characteristics curve KID
The operation current of the differential protection should be larger than the
maximum unbalance current of the differential circuit for fault outside of the
protection stage. The unbalance current calculation is as follows:
a) two-winding transformer :
Ibp.max＝(KapKccKer＋∆U＋∆m)Id.max
Where:meaning of Ker,∆U,∆m is the same with above,but Ker＝0.1;
43
Kcc — CT type coefficient,Kcc＝1.0;
Id.max—the most period component in the cross-over fault current when

fault occurs outside,,It’s converted secondary value on high voltage
side;
Kap— aperiodic component coefficient, It is set to 1.0 while the CT is

both TP type on two sides ; Or it is set to 1.5~2.0 while the CT is both P
type on two sides.
b) three-winding transformer (take example for outer fault on low voltage side)
Ibp.max＝KapKccKer Id.max＋∆UH.Id.H.max＋∆UM.Id.M.max＋∆mIId.I.max＋∆mII Id.II.max
Where :meaning of Kap 、Kcc、Ker is the same meaning as a).
∆UH,∆UM—the relative error caused by the high ,medium voltage side

voltage regulation of the transformer,adopted half of maximum voltage
regulation range;
Id.max—when outer fault occurs on low voltage side,the maximum

fundamental component of the fault current through the CT near the
fault site, changed to secondary current of the high voltage side;
Id.H.max, Id.M.max—for the outer fault, fundamental component current through

the CT of high, medium voltage side,changed to secondary current of
the high voltage side;
Id.I.max, Id.II.max—for the outer fault, fundamental component current through

the CT of each side far from the fault position,changed to secondary current
of the high voltage side;
∆mI, ∆mII—error caused by CT ration mismatch;

Operation current of the differential protection :
Idz.max＝Krel.Ibp.max
Krel－reliability coefficient, adopted 1.3~1.5;
Restraint current of differential protection:
Restraint current t is calculated by the following formula:
1
I zd =
2
∑ I
i
Maximum restraint coefficient:
44
Kres.max＝Idz.max/Izd.max
The percentage restraint characteristic curve of the equipment is showing in
the following figure:
Id
Isd
70
0.
3=
Kb
KID
Kb1=0.2
Icd
Ir
0.6Ie 4Ie
KID＝(Idz.max－ICD－0.12Ie)/(Izd.max－0.6Ie)
1）Sensitivity of the differential protection check

Check with the phase-phase fault at the winding of the transformer in
minimum operation model. According to the calculated minimum

I d ⋅min and
the relative restraint current I zd , examine the corresponding operation
current
I dz in the restraint curve and the sensitivity coefficient:
I d ⋅min
K sen =
I dz (require K ≥ 2 )
sen
Appendix Calculation of back up protection setting

C.1. Transformer Phase-phase fault back-up protection
C.1.1 Directional overcurrent protection with voltage blocking
C.1.1.1 setting of current element
a) Operation current calculation for overcurrent protective relay .the operation
current should larger than the peak load current of the transformer , the
calculation formula can be expressed as:
K rel
I op = Ie
Kr
Where K rel -reliability coefficient ,usually adopted 1.2~1.3;
K r -return coefficient , usually adopted 0.85~0.95;
45
I e -transformer rated current

b) Sensitivity check:
I k( .2min
)
K sen =
I op
( 2)
Where I k . min the minimum fault current at the boundary of backup protection
zone when phase-phase fault occurred. K sen ≥ 1.3 (local backup ) , K sen ≥ 1.2
(remote back-up )
C.1.1.2 Setting of under voltage startup element
The following condition should be take into consideration :
a) Avoid the minimum voltage under normal operation condition
K rel
U op = U min
Kr
where K rel -reliability coefficient, usually adopted1.1~1.2;
K r -return coefficient , usually adopted1.05~1.25;
I e -rated current of the transformer
U min -the minimum voltage under normal operation condition, usually
0.9Ue(rated phase-phase voltage).

b) Void the voltage of motor self-starting:
If the under voltage relay power supplies from VT of transformer on low
voltage side:
U op =（0.5 ~ 0.6)U e
If the under voltage relay power supplies from VT of transformer on high
voltage side:
U op = 0.7U e
c) Sensitivity check:
U op
K sen =
U r . max
Where U r . max is the maximal residual voltage of relay location when metal
attribute phase-phase fault occured. We require K sen ≥ 1.3 (local backup)or

K sen ≥ 1.2 (remote backup)
46
C.1.1.3 Setting of negative sequence voltage startup element

a) Setting of negative sequence under voltage start-up element.The voltage
should be larger than the unbalance voltage at normal operation condition.
the unbalance voltage under normal operation condition can be measure
practically. without this measured voltage ,the value should be set as
according to the practical operation rule.
U op。2 = (0.06 ~ 0.08)U e

U k .2. min
K sen =
U op.2
Where U k .2. min is the minimum negative sequence voltage at relay location at
the boundary of backup protection zone when metal attribute phase-phase
fault occurred K sen ≥ 2.0 (local backup) or K sen ≥ 1.5 (remote backup).
C.2. Transformer ground fault backup protection
C.2.1 Zero sequence overcurrent protection (directly earthed
transformer)
a) The setting of the zero sequence overcurrent stage I protection should
match with the zero sequence overcurrent stage I (stage II )protection or
instantaneous main protection from the adjacent line
I op.0. I = K rel K br . I I op.0.1I
I op.0. I
Where: －setting of the zero sequence overcurrent stage I;
K br . I － distribution coefficient of zero sequence current. The value
equals to the maximum ratio between the current of

protection and the line at the boundary of zero sequence
overcurrent stage I when ground fault occurred in all operation
mode;
K rel － reliability coefficient ,usually equals to 1.1;
I op.0.1I －setting value of the matched protection at each stage.
b) The setting of the zero sequence overcurrent stage II protection should

matches with the zero sequence overcurrent backup protection setting of the
adjacent line
I op.0. II = K rel K br . II I op.0.1II
Where I op.0. II －overcurrent setting at stage II protection;
47
K br . II －distribution factor of zero sequence current the value is the
maximum ratio between the current of protection and the line at

the boundary of zero sequence overcurrent backup stage when
ground fault occurred in all operation mode;
K rel － reliability coefficient ,usually equal to 1.1;
I op.0.1II －setting value of the matched stage zero sequence overcurrent
protection.
c) Sensitivity check:
3I k .0. min
K sen =
I op.0
where I k .0. min －the minimum current at relay location at stage I ( or stage II)
when bus ground fault occured;

I op.0 －setting of stage I ( or stage II)zero sequence current;
K sen should meet the demand K sen ≥ 1.5 .
C.2.2 Gap protection (neural point of the transformer earthed with gap)
C.2.2.1 Gap over voltage protection
The setting of the over voltage is according to the following formula:
U 0. max < U op.0 < U sat
where U op .0 －setting of zero sequence over voltage;
U 0. max － the possible maximum zero sequence voltage at relay location
for phase-fault occurs in partly neural point earthed grid;
U sat －the possible minimum zero sequence voltage may be arisened at
uncork triangle winding from VT at phase-fault in neural point

directly earthed grid.
X 0Σ
Take into ≤ 3 account, suggest U op.0 = 180V (the rated phase voltage at
X 1Σ
uncork triangle winding from VT at high voltage system is 100V).
C.2.2.2 Gap overcurrent protection
The setting of the zero sequence overcurrent protection for the gap is related
to the zero sequence impedance ,arc impedance of the gap and so on .The
primary operation current usually set as 100A.
48
C.2.3 Zero sequence current protection of auto-transformer neural point

a) If circuit of the high voltage side or medium voltage side of the
auto-transformer is open and the connection at low voltage side of the
transformer is △ connection mode, the auto-transformer is practically a Y0 / ∆
two-winding transformer with high voltage side (or medium voltage side)
earthed directly .Take into account the zero sequence current protection of the
high voltage side or medium voltage side, it is a backup protection for the line
or bus ground fault. The function of the neural point overcurrent protection is
only the backup protection of the internal ground fault of the transformer.
I op.0 = K rel I unb..0
where : K rel －reliability coefficient ,usually 1.5~2;
I unb.0 －the maximum unbalance zero sequence current at normal
operation(include the maximum load).

3I k .0. min
K sen =
I op.0
where : I k .0. min －the minimum zero sequence current pass through the neural
point of the transformer with the ground fault at the line in the
auto-transformer open circuit side.
K sen should satisfy K sen ≥ 1.5 .
C.3 Overload protection

Since overload is usually symmetry, the input current for overload protection is
one phase current accessed.
The overload current setting should be larger than the rated current of the
winding. It could by calculated by the following formula.
K rel
I op = Ie
Kr
Where: K rel is the reliability coefficient, set as 1.05.
K r is return coefficient, set as 0.85~0.95;
I e is the rated current of the transformer.
49

SIFANG - CSC-326G - V1.00 - Numerical Transformer Protection Equipment Technical Manual - 2012-02

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SIFANG - CSC-326G - V1.00 - Numerical Transformer Protection Equipment Technical Manual - 2012-02

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CSC-326G NUMERICAL TRANSFORMER

PROTECTION EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL

BEIJING SIFANG AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

PROTECTION EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL

Compiled: Liu Wei

Document Code: F0SF.450.087 (E)

Issued Date: 2012-2-20

Part I Technical instruction of the equipment

CSC-326G numerical transformer protection equipment (hereafter refers to as

1.2 Main features of CSC-326G protection equipment

◇ Hardware system with high performance

◇ Modular program design principle

substation with automation system and the regular substation.

1.3 Equipment model instruction and function configuration

According to the different application, the model of CSC-326G transformer

110kV and lower transformer protection with main

Code of SIFANG products

Fig 1-1 Model of CSC-326G transformer protection

CSC-326G equipment standard function configuration is shown in table 1-1.

1.4 Execution standard

The executed standard for CSC-326G in Sifang is Q/HDSFJ008-2003 CSC-326

2.1 Technical capbility

AC voltage: phase ≤ 0.5VA

Phase voltage: 0.2V~70V

1kV differential mode

2.2 Main technical data

2.2.1 Differential protection

a) Three fold line restraint characteristic, the current of inflection point 2:

2.2.2 Directional phase-phase overcurrent protection

a) Current setting range:0.1Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

2.2.3 Zero sequence directional overcurrent protection

a) Overcurrent setting range:0.1 Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

2.2.4 Gap over current, over voltage protection

a) Setting range of overcurrent:0.1 Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

2.2.5 Overload, blocking voltage regulation, start up ventilation

a) Setting range:0.1Ⅰn ~20Ⅰn;

3.1 Equipment structure

The equipment adopts the 4U (Height) and 19/2-inch (Width) enclosure,

Fig 3-1 Structure

3.2 Function module

The device is composed of 7 modules. The arrangement of the modules is as

Fig 3-2 B Arrangement of backup protection modules in CSC 326GH/L

3.3 AC module (AC)

3.4 Protection CPU module (CPU)

3.5 Digital input & output module (DIO)

3.6 Digital output module (DO)

3.7 Power module (POWER)

3.8 Communication module (61850 COM)

The communication module in this equipment abides by IEC61850 protocol

3.9 4~20mA output module (AO)

This module could convert measuring current or voltage collected by the

Part II CSC-326GD Numerical Transformer Differential

2.1 Software structure of the protection program

Protection CPU software includes main program, sample interruption

2.2 Startup element

2.2.1 Phase current abrupt startup element

 I dφ max > I cdqd

Where I cd is the current differential protection setting, I dφ is the phase

2.3 Current differential protection

2.3.1 Fast differential protection (Fast DIFF)

Where I d is differential current; I sd is current differential instantaneous

I d > 0.2 I r + I cd I r ≤ 0.6 I e

Where, I e is the rated current of the transformer, I1....m is current on each