Philippine Politics and Governance

MODULE 2
Lesson 2: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

I. INTRODUCTION

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideas, principles, doctrines, myths or
symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and
offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. According to Freeden (2001), a political
ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs, values, and opinions, exhibiting a recurring pattern, that competes
deliberately as well as unintentionally over providing plans of action for public policy making in an attempt
to justify, explain, contest, or change the social and political arrangements and processes of a political
community. The concept of ideology is subject to partly incompatible conceptual interpretations.
This course introduces the students to the basic concepts and vital elements of politics and
governance from a historical-institutional perspective. In particular, it attempts to explain how the important
features of our country’s political structures/institutions, processes, and relationships developed across
time. In the process, the course helps the learners gain a better appreciation of their rights and
responsibilities as individuals and as members of the larger sociopolitical community to strengthen their
civic competence.
Therefore, at the end of the module, the learners are expected to:
A. Differentiate the political ideologies

We will be proceeding with our lesson proper with the use of the following e-learning platforms:
1. Edmodo;
2. Zoom;
3. Google classroom; and
4. Messenger/ messenger chat room

II. ACTIVITY

A. Directions: Divide the class by giving numbers to each student 1 to 5. Each members will discuss their
answers based on the questions provided by the Teacher. Using the term SKL (Share Ko Lang). A
volunteer of the group will do the SKL (Share Ko Lang) on their collaborated efforts.

Questions:
1. How do your parents manage your households?
2. What are the things you wish to change the way of your household is managed?

B. Directions: POLITICAL TYPOLOGY QUIZ: Take the “Political Typology Quiz” by the Pew Research
Centre Title: Are you Liberal or Conservative or Somewhere in Between?
Take the quiz below to find out at which point in the political spectrum are you are more oriented to. To
answer the Political Typology Quiz, please the attached link: https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=pq-political-typology-quiz

III. ANALYSIS

A. Directions: Based on the shared stories by group mates (SKL- Share Ko Lang). Answer the following
questions:
 Compare the ideologies of your mother and father.
 Given such experience from your parents, who among them are you in favor? Why?

B. Directions: Based on the process and result of your Political Typology Quiz. Answer the following
questions.
1. What is ideology?
2. What are the different types of ideologies?
3. How would each ideology answer a question: Is the state a means to an end, or is the state the
end in itself?

IV. ABSTRACTION

Let’s start with defining what Ideology is. Political Ideologies form the basis of how they view the
world around them and the proper role of government in the world.

Ideology is a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture. This is a manner
or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture. On the other hand, Political
Ideologies is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by an individual, group of
individuals or a particular social class.
To know more about the types of political ideologies. Let us watch this video. Please see the link
below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_k_k-bHigM&t=199s

Here are some political ideologies:

 Anarchism: Can be grouped around socialistic or individualistic strains. Anarchists believe that the
state and forms of compulsory government are harmful or unnecessary to people’s lives.
 Communism: Communists believe that the capitalist system is damaging to the interests of the
masses, and that workers must unite and overturn it by revolutionary means. Communists also
believe in the state ownership of all land, natural resources and industry.
 Conservatism: Conservative thought is coloured by the belief that – over time – history has
produced institutions and modes of government that function well, and which should be largely
 preserved for the future. They also believe that political change should be organic and gradual,
rather than revolutionary.
 Environmentalism: Key political concern is protecting and improving the condition of the natural
environment. Many believe there is a need for much greater regulation of humans’ interaction with
the environment, as well as aspects of our lifestyles that are environmentally unsustainable.
 Feminism: The belief that society and the political system is patriarchal. Feminists seek to improve
the political and, particularly, the social and economic position of women.
 Liberalism: The belief in protecting the rights of the individual, to ensure their maximum freedom.
There have been shifts in liberal thought, the most prominent of which was the move from classical
liberalism (minimal role of state, unsecured liberties) to progressive liberalism in the early twentieth
century. Progressive liberals argued that civil liberties and freedoms must be safeguarded and
actively protected by the state.
 Socialism: Socialists are motivated by the desire to improve the quality of life for all members of
society. They believe in a political system characterised by strong state direction in political and
economic policy. Another key idea is the redistribution of resources to redress inequalities inherent
in a free-market economy.
 Fascism: A political philosophy, movement, or regime (such as that of the Fascisti) that exalts
nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a
centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social
regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

V. APPLICATION

A. Directions: COMPARE AND CONTRAST: Determine significant likenesses and differences of political
ideologies.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

1. Capitalism and
Socialism

2. Conservatism and
Liberalism

3. Communism and
Fascism

B. Directions: Write a short biography to share with the class that addresses this guiding questions:

1. Why is this individual a great leader?

2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?
 A. What do you think is the best ideology to be applied in the Philippine set-up?

REFERENCES

Knight, Julian and Pattison, Michael (2015). Quick Definitions of Political Ideologies: the –isms. Retrived
from https://www.dummies.com/education/politics-government/quick-definitions-of-political-ideologies-
the-isms/
Smdavia, (2019). What is your political typology? Retrived from https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=pq-political-typology-quiz

Crashcourse, (2015). Political Ideology: Crash Course Government and Politics #35. Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_k_k-bHigM&t=199s