Exploring Political

Ideologies and
Their Impact on
Filipino Society
Lesson 2
Political
Ideologies
 Objectives
1. Identify the basic tenets of major political ideologies
2. Differentiate the political ideologies
3.Examine the relationship between political ideologies
and configurations of political communities
4. Critique ideas that have a direct impact on how we
try to manage ourselves as a political community
5.Analyze how political ideologies impact on the social
and political life of Filipino
 01

Introduction
 We have learned in the
previous lesson that politics
is a social activity through
which people make and amend
the general rules that guide
their political life. As a
phenomenon, politics is
studied using different
theoretical perspectives. The
connection between political
theory and practice is
established by ideologies,
among many others.
In today’s lesson, we will
explore the fundamentals of
political ideologies and their
significance in shaping
societies. We will delve into
the various types of political
ideologies, highlighting their
defining characteristics and
providing real-world examples
to enhance understanding.
 1

IDEOLOGY
An interrelated set of
ideas that in some way
guides or inspires a
political action.
(Heywood,2002)
 2

IDEOLOGY
A set of basic beliefs
about the political,
economic, social, and
cultural affairs held by
majority of people within
a society.
 1

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
sets of beliefs and values that
guide political behavior and shape
the organization of societies.
They provide frameworks for
understanding and interpreting
political events, policies, and
institutions.
 02
Significance of
Political Ideologies
 Guidance for For example,
Governance Liberalist government,
for instance, emphasizes
Political ideologies individual rights,
serve as roadmaps for freedom, and equality,
those in power. They while a socialist
offer leaders a government may
emphasize wealth
coherent vision of
redistribution and public
how to structure and ownership of key
run a government. industries.
 Influence on Policy
Making For example,
a liberal government
Political ideologies
may enact social
heavily influence policy
decisions. Leaders who programs to address
subscribe to a particular income inequality
ideology are more likely and promote civil
to implement policies rights, reflecting its
that align with its ideology.
principles.
 Identification and
People often align
Alignment
themselves with an
Ideologies help ideology that
individuals and resonates with their
voters identify with beliefs, influencing
political groups and their voting choices
parties that share and political
their values. engagement.
Checks and Balances
different parties
The existence of representing various
diverse political ideologies provide
ideologies can act voters with choices
as a system of and ensure that no
checks and single ideology
balances. In dominates
democracies, unchecked.
Social and Economic
For example,
Organization a communist
ideology calls for
collective ownership
Political ideology
of resources and
shape the structure abolition of social
of society and the classes.
economy.
Impact on Individual
For example,
Rights An authoritarian
ideology may restrict
Ideology have an civil liberties and
implications for individual autonomy
individual rights in the sake of
and freedoms. stability and order.
 Global Relations Social and Cultural
Norms
On an international
Political ideologies
scale, political
often extend their
ideologies influence
influence on social
a country's foreign
and cultural norms.
policy.
Major Political Ideologies
Liberalism
Fascism
Conservatism
Anarchism
Socialism
Green Politics
Communism
Centrism
 Liberalism
a political ideology that emphasizes
individual freedom, equality, and limited
government intervention. It originated
during the Enlightenment in the 18th
century and has since evolved into
various forms.
 Liberalism
Main Principles
Liberalism is characterized by principles such
as individual rights, free markets, rule of law,
and social tolerance. These principles aim to
safeguard personal autonomy, promote
economic prosperity, ensure equal
opportunities, and foster diversity and
inclusivity.
 Liberalism
Economic Policies
Liberals support a capitalist economy but
believe in government intervention to
regulate and correct market failures. They
support progressive taxation, social welfare
programs, and labor protections to promote
economic equality and reduce poverty.
 Liberalism
Social Policies
Liberals believe in protecting individual rights and
freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, and
the press. They also support civil rights for
marginalized groups, such as LGBTQ+ individuals
and people of color. They support policies that
promote social justice and equality, such as
affirmative action and anti-discrimination laws.
 Conservatism
a political ideology that prioritizes tradition,
stability, and gradual change. It advocates for the
preservation of established institutions, norms,
and values. Conservative ideologies vary across
different countries and cultures, but they
generally emphasize limited government, free
markets, and traditional social structures.
 CONSERVATISM
Economic Policies
Conservatives generally advocate for free market
capitalism, limited government regulation, and low
taxes. They believe that individuals and businesses
should be free to pursue their own economic
interests without undue interference from the
government. They also tend to support a strong
national defense and believe that a robust military is
necessary to protect the country's economic interests
and national security.
 CONSERVATISM
Social Policies
Conservatives generally believe in traditional social
values and institutions, such as marriage, family,
and religion. They tend to be skeptical of social
change and believe that it should be slow and
deliberate, rather than rapid and radical. They also
tend to support law and order and believe that a
strong criminal justice system is necessary to
maintain social stability.
 SOCIALISM
An economic and political ideology that aims
to establish a more egalitarian society by
advocating for collective ownership of
resources, means of production, and
distribution of wealth. It emerged as a
response to capitalism's perceived injustices
and social inequalities.
 SOCIALISM
Economic Policies
Socialists advocate for the nationalization of
major industries and the redistribution of
wealth through progressive taxation. They also
support the provision of public goods and
services, such as healthcare, education, and
housing, to ensure that everyone has access to
basic necessities regardless of their income or
social status.
 SOCIALISM
Social Policies
Socialists believe in creating a society that is
more equal and just for everyone. They support
policies that promote social welfare, such as
universal healthcare and education, as well as
measures to reduce poverty and inequality. They
also advocate for workers' rights and
protections, such as minimum wage laws and
collective bargaining.
 COMMUNISM
Communism is a political and economic
ideology that seeks to establish a classless
society in which the means of production are
owned and controlled by the community as a
whole. The goal of communism is to create a
society in which all people have equal access
to resources and opportunities.
 COMMUNISM Economic Policies

Communism advocates for the collective ownership

of property and resources, including the means of
production. This often involves the nationalization
of industries and the elimination of private
property. It often involve centralized planning and
control of the economy by the state. This includes
setting production targets, determining prices, and
allocating resources.
 COMMUNISM Social Policies
COLLECTIVISM: Communism promotes the idea of collective
ownership and decision-making. Individuals are expected to
work for the common good and not for personal gain.
EQUALITY: Communism aims to create a classless society
where everyone has equal access to resources and
opportunities.
SOCIAL JUSTICE: Communism emphasizes the importance of
social justice and the elimination of discrimination based on
race, gender, or other factors. Social policies reflect this by
promoting affirmative action and other measures to address
historical inequalities.
 FASCISM
Fascism is a far-right political ideology that
emphasizes authoritarianism and nationalism. It
promotes the idea of a centralized, autocratic
government led by a strong leader. Fascism is
characterized by a belief in the superiority of one's
own race or nation, a rejection of democracy and
individual rights, and a willingness to use violence
and aggression to achieve political goals.
 FASCISM Key Principles

• Authoritarianism: Fascism is characterized by

a strong leader who exercises complete
control over the government and society.
• Nationalism: Fascism emphasizes the
importance of the nation or race above the
individual, and often seeks to expand the
nation's power and influence through
aggressive means.
 FASCISM Key Principles

• Militarism: Fascist regimes often prioritize

military strength and aggression and may use
violence and warfare to achieve political goals.
• Anti-communism: Fascists are typically
strongly opposed to communism and other
leftist ideologies, and often use anti-
communist rhetoric to gain support.
 FASCISM
Economic Policies
• Fascist economic policies vary, but they
generally involve a strong government role in
the economy, including state control of
certain industries and a focus on national
self-sufficiency. Fascist regimes may also
engage in extensive public works projects
and infrastructure development.
 FASCISM
Social Policies

• Fascism is often associated with social

conservatism and traditional gender
roles. Fascist regimes may also promote
a cult of personality around the leader
and suppress dissent or opposition.
 ANARCHISM
Anarchism is a political ideology that advocates for
the abolition of all forms of government and
hierarchical authority, including capitalism and the
state. Anarchists believe that individuals should be
free to govern themselves and make decisions
collectively through voluntary associations and direct
democracy. Anarchism has its roots in the socialist
movement and is often associated with anti-
authoritarianism, anti-capitalism, and libertarianism.
ANARCHISM Key Principles
Anarchism is based on the principles of individual liberty,
mutual aid, and voluntary cooperation. Anarchists
believe that individuals should be free to live their lives
as they see fit, without interference from oppressive
institutions or systems. They also believe in the
importance of solidarity and mutual support among
individuals and communities and reject the idea that
competition and self-interest are the only driving forces
of human behavior.
ANARCHISM Economic Policies

Anarchists advocate for a decentralized, non-

hierarchical economic system based on mutual aid and
voluntary cooperation. They reject the idea of private
property and believe that all resources and means of
production should be collectively owned and
controlled by the community. Anarchists also support
the idea of a gift economy, in which goods and services
are freely given and received without the expectation
of profit or exchange.
 ANARCHISM
Social Policies
Anarchists believe in the importance of individual
freedom and autonomy and reject the idea of coercive
authority. They support the idea of direct democracy
and decision-making through consensus and believe
that social problems can be solved through voluntary
cooperation and mutual aid. Anarchists also advocate
for the abolition of all forms of oppression, including
racism, sexism, homophobia, and ableism.
GREEN POLITICS
Social Policies
Anarchists believe in the importance of individual
freedom and autonomy and reject the idea of coercive
authority. They support the idea of direct democracy
and decision-making through consensus and believe
that social problems can be solved through voluntary
cooperation and mutual aid. Anarchists also advocate
for the abolition of all forms of oppression, including
racism, sexism, homophobia, and ableism.
 GREEN POLITICS
Green politics is a political ideology that prioritizes
ecological sustainability and environmentalism. It
emerged in the 1970s as a response to the growing
concern over environmental degradation and the
need for sustainable development. Green politics
seeks to promote a balance between economic
growth and environmental protection, and
advocates for policies that address climate change,
biodiversity loss, and resource depletion.
 GREEN POLITICS Economic Policies
Green politics advocates for a shift away from
traditional economic models that prioritize growth
and profit at the expense of the environment.
Instead, it promotes a sustainable economy that
takes into account the true cost of goods and
services, including their impact on the environment
and society. This includes:
➢ A transition to renewable energy sources such
as wind, solar, and geothermal power.
GREEN POLITICS Economic Policies

➢ Investment in green infrastructure projects

like public transportation and bike lanes.
➢ Tax incentives and subsidies for companies
that adopt sustainable practices.
➢ Regulations that enforce environmental
standards and hold polluters accountable.
GREEN POLITICS Social Policies
➢ Green politics advocates for social policies
that promote equality, justice, and well-being for
all members of society. This includes:
➢ Universal access to healthcare and education.
➢ Protection of workers' rights and fair wages.
➢ Policies that address income inequality and
poverty.
➢ Support for marginalized communities and
minority groups.
 CENTRISM
Centrism is a political ideology that seeks
to balance the principles of liberalism and
conservatism. It is often associated with
moderate or middle-of-the-road policies that
aim to appeal to a broad range of voters.
Centrists believe in a mix of progressive and
conservative policies, and they often prioritize
compromise and bipartisanship over ideology.
 CENTRISM Key Principles

Centrism is characterized by its emphasis on

moderation, compromise, and pragmatic solutions to
political problems. Centrists believe in a mixed economy
that combines elements of capitalism and socialism, and
they tend to support social welfare programs while also
advocating for fiscal responsibility. They also prioritize
individual freedoms and civil liberties, while also
recognizing the importance of collective responsibility
and community values.
 CENTRISM Economic Policies
Centrists generally support a mixed economy
that combines elements of capitalism and socialism.
They believe in the importance of free markets and
competition, but also recognize the need for
government regulation and intervention to address
market failures and ensure social welfare. Centrists
tend to support progressive taxation, social welfare
programs, and public investment in education,
infrastructure, and research and development.
 CENTRISM Social Policies
Centrists prioritize individual freedoms and
civil liberties, while also recognizing the importance
of collective responsibility and community values.
They tend to support policies that promote social
equality, such as affirmative action, anti-
discrimination laws, and access to healthcare and
education. Centrists also support policies that
promote environmental sustainability and address
climate change.