Reference

A. Books

B. Publisher

C. Electronic
Appendices
Frequencies

Statistics

Sex

N Valid 270

Missing 0

Sex

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid male 81 30.0 30.0 30.0

female 189 70.0 70.0 100.0

Total 270 100.0 100.0

Statistics

Age

N Valid 270

Missing 0

Age

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid older 201 74.4 74.4 74.4

younger 69 25.6 25.6 100.0

Total 270 100.0 100.0

 Statistics

Monthly Allowance

N Valid 270

Missing 0

Allowance

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid high 135 50.0 50.0 50.0

lower 135 50.0 50.0 100.0

Total 270 100.0 100.0

Descriptive
Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

TV1 270 1.00 5.00 3.5741 1.17915

TV2 270 1.00 5.00 3.7704 1.03429

TV3 270 1.00 5.00 3.9000 1.00241

TV4 270 1.00 5.00 3.2074 1.00996

TV5 270 1.00 5.00 2.8889 1.03591

TV6 270 1.00 5.00 2.8926 1.22836

OM_TV 270 1.00 5.00 3.3722 .67531

Valid N (list wise) 270

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

SM1 270 1.00 5.00 4.3593 .99842

SM2 270 1.00 5.00 3.9630 .95557

SM3 270 1.00 5.00 4.0444 .94351

SM4 270 1.00 5.00 3.4074 .98159

SM5 270 1.00 5.00 3.1407 1.06071

SM6 270 1.00 5.00 3.0630 1.25832

OM_SM 270 1.33 5.00 3.6630 .66820

Valid N (list wise) 270

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

OW1 270 2.00 5.00 4.1630 .88530

OW2 270 1.00 5.00 3.7370 .92533

OW3 270 1.00 5.00 3.6704 .96339

OW4 270 1.00 5.00 3.2148 1.03389

OW5 270 1.00 5.00 3.0333 1.18651

OW6 270 1.00 5.00 2.8778 1.23301

OM_OW 270 1.50 5.00 3.4494 .69807

Valid N (listwise) 270

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

TV1 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV2 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV3 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV4 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV5 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV6 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_TV * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Sex TV1 TV2 TV3 TV4 TV5 TV6

male Mean 3.6790 3.5679 3.7160 3.1111 2.7531 2.8025

N 81 81 81 81 81 81

Std. Deviation 1.21272 1.11734 1.00293 1.12916 1.23015 1.27886

female Mean 3.5291 3.8571 3.9788 3.2487 2.9471 2.9312

N 189 189 189 189 189 189

Std. Deviation 1.16484 .98700 .99444 .95459 .93817 1.20748

Total Mean 3.5741 3.7704 3.9000 3.2074 2.8889 2.8926

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation 1.17915 1.03429 1.00241 1.00996 1.03591 1.22836

Report
Sex OM_TV
male Mean 3.2716
N 81
Std. Deviation .75252
female Mean 3.4153
N 189
Std. Deviation .63665
Total Mean 3.3722
N 270
Std. Deviation .67531

Means
 Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

SM1 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM2 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM3 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM4 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM5 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM6 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_SM * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Sex SM1 SM2 SM3 SM4 SM5 SM6

male Mean 4.0864 3.6790 3.8395 3.1235 3.0123 2.8519

N 81 81 81 81 81 81

Std. Deviation 1.20621 1.04675 .98052 1.06516 1.14558 1.27584

female Mean 4.4762 4.0847 4.1323 3.5291 3.1958 3.1534

N 189 189 189 189 189 189

Std. Deviation .87258 .88919 .91586 .91990 1.02042 1.24317

Total Mean 4.3593 3.9630 4.0444 3.4074 3.1407 3.0630

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .99842 .95557 .94351 .98159 1.06071 1.25832

Report

Sex OM_SM

male Mean 3.4321

 N 81

Std. Deviation .73399

female Mean 3.7619

N 189

Std. Deviation .61385

Total Mean 3.6630

N 270

Std. Deviation .66820

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

OW1 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW2 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW3 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW4 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW5 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW6 * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_OW * Sex 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Sex OW1 OW2 OW3 OW4 OW5 OW6

male Mean 4.2222 3.6667 3.6296 3.1728 2.7654 2.7531

N 81 81 81 81 81 81

Std. Deviation .88034 1.01242 .82832 1.06993 1.17550 1.28968

female Mean 4.1376 3.7672 3.6878 3.2328 3.1481 2.9312

N 189 189 189 189 189 189

Std. Deviation .88853 .88653 1.01735 1.02042 1.17567 1.20748

Total Mean 4.1630 3.7370 3.6704 3.2148 3.0333 2.8778

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .88530 .92533 .96339 1.03389 1.18651 1.23301

Report

Sex OM_OW

male Mean 3.3683

N 81

Std. Deviation .66704

female Mean 3.4841

N 189

Std. Deviation .70985

Total Mean 3.4494

N 270

Std. Deviation .69807

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

TV1 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV2 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV3 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV4 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV5 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV6 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_TV * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Age TV1 TV2 TV3 TV4 TV5 TV6

older Mean 3.5871 3.7214 3.9154 3.2388 2.9701 2.9851

N 201 201 201 201 201 201

Std. Deviation 1.20151 1.03053 .99389 1.02112 1.03398 1.25091

younger Mean 3.5362 3.9130 3.8551 3.1159 2.6522 2.6232

N 69 69 69 69 69 69

Std. Deviation 1.11908 1.03950 1.03292 .97824 1.01208 1.12592

Total Mean 3.5741 3.7704 3.9000 3.2074 2.8889 2.8926

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation 1.17915 1.03429 1.00241 1.00996 1.03591 1.22836

Report

Age OM_TV

older Mean 3.4030

N 201

Std. Deviation .70227

younger Mean 3.2826

N 69

Std. Deviation .58529

Total Mean 3.3722

N 270
 Std. Deviation .67531

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

SM1 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM2 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM3 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM4 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM5 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM6 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_SM * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Age SM1 SM2 SM3 SM4 SM5 SM6

older Mean 4.3781 3.9254 3.9950 3.3980 3.1741 3.1244

N 201 201 201 201 201 201

Std. Deviation .98809 .95363 .92465 1.01034 1.06514 1.25278

younger Mean 4.3043 4.0725 4.1884 3.4348 3.0435 2.8841

N 69 69 69 69 69 69

Std. Deviation 1.03333 .95976 .98929 .89899 1.04930 1.26649

Total Mean 4.3593 3.9630 4.0444 3.4074 3.1407 3.0630

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .99842 .95557 .94351 .98159 1.06071 1.25832

 Report

Age OM_SM

older Mean 3.6658

N 201

Std. Deviation .68364

younger Mean 3.6546

N 69

Std. Deviation .62578

Total Mean 3.6630

N 270

Std. Deviation .66820

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

OW1 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW2 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW3 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW4 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW5 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW6 * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_OW * Age 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report
Age OW1 OW2 OW3 OW4 OW5 OW6

older Mean 4.2040 3.7363 3.6368 3.2090 3.0448 2.9453

N 201 201 201 201 201 201

Std. Deviation .86208 .90836 .98104 1.02280 1.20954 1.23774

younger Mean 4.0435 3.7391 3.7681 3.2319 3.0000 2.6812

N 69 69 69 69 69 69

Std. Deviation .94612 .97998 .90983 1.07300 1.12459 1.20651

Total Mean 4.1630 3.7370 3.6704 3.2148 3.0333 2.8778

N 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .88530 .92533 .96339 1.03389 1.18651 1.23301

Report

Age OM_OW

older Mean 3.4627

N 201

Std. Deviation .71985

younger Mean 3.4106

N 69

Std. Deviation .63373

Total Mean 3.4494

N 270

Std. Deviation .69807

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

TV1 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV2 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV3 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV4 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV5 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

TV6 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_TV * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Allowance TV1 TV2 TV3 TV4 TV5 TV6 OM_TV

high Mean 3.6667 3.8593 3.9556 3.2667 2.9852 3.0370 3.4617

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation 1.18448 1.02333 .97634 1.01629 1.06494 1.16162 .71264

lower Mean 3.4815 3.6815 3.8444 3.1481 2.7926 2.7481 3.2827

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation 1.17086 1.04132 1.02845 1.00386 1.00072 1.27968 .62569

Total Mean 3.5741 3.7704 3.9000 3.2074 2.8889 2.8926 3.3722

N 270 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation 1.17915 1.03429 1.00241 1.00996 1.03591 1.22836 .67531

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

SM1 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM2 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM3 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM4 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM5 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

SM6 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_SM * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Allowance SM1 SM2 SM3 SM4 SM5 SM6 OM_SM

high Mean 4.4074 3.8889 3.9704 3.5630 3.2519 3.2296 3.7185

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation .98720 .97481 .96150 1.01927 1.06307 1.20905 .68248

lower Mean 4.3111 4.0370 4.1185 3.2519 3.0296 2.8963 3.6074

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation 1.01089 .93368 .92278 .92008 1.05052 1.28872 .65140

Total Mean 4.3593 3.9630 4.0444 3.4074 3.1407 3.0630 3.6630

N 270 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .99842 .95557 .94351 .98159 1.06071 1.25832 .66820

Means
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

OW1 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW2 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW3 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW4 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW5 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OW6 * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

OM_OW * Allowance 270 100.0% 0 0.0% 270 100.0%

Report

Allowance OW1 OW2 OW3 OW4 OW5 OW6 OM_OW

high Mean 4.2519 3.7481 3.6593 3.2000 3.1111 3.0000 3.4951

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation .92008 1.02738 1.00122 1.07064 1.16968 1.22779 .73526

lower Mean 4.0741 3.7259 3.6815 3.2296 2.9556 2.7556 3.4037

N 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Std. Deviation .84314 .81433 .92762 .99956 1.20240 1.23062 .65836

Total Mean 4.1630 3.7370 3.6704 3.2148 3.0333 2.8778 3.4494

N 270 270 270 270 270 270 270

Std. Deviation .88530 .92533 .96339 1.03389 1.18651 1.23301 .69807

NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks

Age N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

OM_TV older 201 139.64 28067.00

younger 69 123.45 8518.00

Total 270

OM_SM older 201 135.01 27137.00

younger 69 136.93 9448.00

Total 270

OM_OW older 201 137.46 27630.00

 younger 69 129.78 8955.00

Total 270

Test Statisticsa

OM_TV OM_SM OM_OW

Mann-Whitney U 6103.000 6836.000 6540.000

Wilcoxon W 8518.000 27137.000 8955.000

Z -1.491 -.177 -.707

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .136 .860 .480

a. Grouping Variable: Age

NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks

Sex N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

OM_TV male 81 125.61 10174.50

female 189 139.74 26410.50

Total 270

OM_SM male 81 109.89 8901.00

female 189 146.48 27684.00

Total 270

OM_OW male 81 125.90 10197.50

female 189 139.62 26387.50

Total 270
 Test Statistics

OM_TV OM_SM OM_OW

Mann-Whitney U 6853.500 5580.000 6876.500

Wilcoxon W 10174.500 8901.000 10197.500

Z -1.367 -3.539 -1.327

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .172 .000 .185

a. Grouping Variable: Sex

NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks

Allowance N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

OM_TV high 135 147.16 19866.50

lower 135 123.84 16718.50

Total 270

OM_SM high 135 143.01 19307.00

lower 135 127.99 17278.00

Total 270

OM_OW high 135 141.97 19166.00

lower 135 129.03 17419.00

Total 270

Test Statistics

OM_TV OM_SM OM_OW

Mann-Whitney U 7538.500 8098.000 8239.000

Wilcoxon W 16718.500 17278.000 17419.000

Z -2.462 -1.586 -1.366

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .014 .113 .172

a. Grouping Variable: Allowance