PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS

Date:
Physics 1107 LEC __/__/__
Lesson #1 - -
Micrometer Body Parts Explained
International standard (SI) unit is
kelvin [k]
Measurement  Amount of substance
- International standard (SI) unit
is mole [mol]
MEASUREMENT Is a comparison of an  Current
unknown quantity called the measurand with - International standard (SI) unit
a known amount of the same quantity called is ampere [A]
the standard, using a measuring too.  Luminous intensity
- International standard (SI) unit
 A standard is created to avoid
is candela [cd]
confusion.
 Scientists and engineers around the
world agree on the definition of one
meter based on International System
Derived Quantities
(SI) of units
 One meter is defined as the distance Derived quantities are quantities derived
traveled by light in a vacuum in from the fundamental/base quantities.
1/299,792,458 second with  Speed/ velocity
299,792,458 m/s (the speed of light - amount of space covered in a
in vacuum).
time interval.
- International standard (SI) unit
Base Quantities is meter per second [m/s]
 Force
 Length - strength of a pull or a push
- distance between two points in - International standard (SI) unit
space is kilogram times meter per
- International standard (SI) unit second squared [kg · m/s 2]
is meter [m]
 Time
- duration between two events
- nternational standard (SI) unit is  Acceleration
second [s]
- International standard (SI) unit
is velocity / time meter per
 Mass
second squared [m s^2]
- amount of material in an object
- International standard (SI) unit Power of Prefix Abbreviation
is kilogram [kg]
10
Scientific Prefixes
ten
 Temperature

LESSON 1| 1
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS
Date:
Physics 1107 LEC __/__/__

4) Lock (Lock nut): You need to use this

part to prevent the spindle from moving
while taking the reading because any 9) Screw: The screw determines how a
movement can cause inaccuracy. By turning micrometer works. It is the critical part of a
it, you hold the object tightened. micrometer. The screw is positioned inside
of the thimble barrel so you need to
5) Sleeve (Sleeve Scale): The sleeve is a unassembled the micrometer to uncover the
barrel where the primary scale of the screw’s real shape.
micrometer takes place and the thimble
rotates around it. It could be in millimeter or 10) Scales: We take the reading on the
inch scale depends on the type you have. scales. A micrometer has two main scales:
the main scale which is located on the sleeve
6) Thimble (Thimble Scale): The thimble barrel and the second scale which is located
is a barrel that looks like the sleeve as well, on the thimble barrel.
however, it acts as the movable one. It is
bigger than the sleeve in terms of its
diameter and therefore, rotates around the
outer side of the sleeve.
7) Ratchet (Ratchet speeder): Ratchet is a
rotatable cylindrical part situated at the very
end of the micrometer. It functions in such a
way so that the object is held with an
appropriate pressure.
8) Measuring Faces. Measuring faces are
the surface that touches the objects to be
Lesson #2
Vernier Caliper Functions & Important Parts
measured. They take place on the edge of
anvil and spindle.
Lower Jaws: The lower jaws allow the
vernier caliper to measure outer dimensions
of objects such as the length, width or
diameter.
Upper Jaws: The upper jaws are smaller in
size and are attached to the upper portion of

LESSON 1| 2
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS
the Date:
Physics 1107 LEC __/__/__

vernier Lock Screw:

caliper. Similar to the lower jaws, one of The lock screw is used to fix the position of
these jaws is fixed and the other is movable. the jaws once the object is positioned
The difference between them and the lower properly so that readings can be taken
jaws is that the upper jaws are used for without the fear of spoiling the position.
measuring inside dimensions of hollow
objects such as inside diameters of pipes,
lengths and widths of boxes etc.
Depth Rod: The depth rod is another useful
feature of the vernier caliper which can be
used to measure the depths of holes or steps.
The depth rod is a thin rod located at the end
of the main scale. To measure with the depth
rod, the edge of the main scale is placed on
the top surface of the hole and then the jaws
are opened
Main Scale: The main scale is the large
scale which runs along the body of the
vernier caliper. It is graduated either in
centimeters and millimeters or inches
Experiment #1
Vernier Caliper and Micrometer Caliper
depending on the type of units it is built for.
In SI units the lowest graduation of the main
scale is normally 1mm. The main scale is Calculate the volume of each object and
stationary. then compute the experimental value (E.V.)
of the density of each using the relation:
Vernier Scale: The Vernier scale is the
defining component of the caliper and what
gives it its name. The vernier caliper is a
smaller scale attached to the main scale and
can move along the main scale as the jaws
are opened or closed. The vernier scale With the given values, compute the density
provides accuracy to the reading of the main (E.V.) of each object. The volume of the
scale by further dividing the lowest reading objects can be computed using the formula
of the main scale into increments. in the table below.
Thumb Screw: The thumb screw is located
at the bottom of the vernier scale. Its
purpose is to provide a grip for the user to
slide the jaws easily and adjust the position
of the jaws and depth rod while maintaining
a firm grip on the object.

LESSON 1| 3
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS
Date:
Physics 1107 LEC __/__/__

Based on your
computation of the density of the objects,
determine what kind of material the objects
were made. Refer to the table below.

Solve for the percentage error obtained for

each object using the formula:

Compute the percent accuracy (%A) of the

measurements for each object. Use the
formula:

LESSON 1| 4