A motorist starts out on a 210km journey at 8am.

At 10am he stops for a 30 minute break after

covering 180km. The motorist completes the journey at 11am.

What is his average speed in covering the 210km?

A 60km/h B 70km/h C 84km/h D 90km/h

0654/11/M/J/12 Q28

The diagrams show a glass tank with inside measurements of 5cm ×6cm ×4cm.

The tank has a mass of 40g when empty. When the tank is filled with a liquid, the tank and liquid
have a total mass of 220g.

What is the density of the liquid?

220
A g/cm3
(5 ×6 × 4)

220−40
B g/cm3
(5 ×6 × 4)

(5 ×6 × 4)
C g/cm3
220

(5 ×6 × 4)
D g/cm3
220−40

0654/11/M/J/12 Q29
A workman lifts a cubic block from ground level to a high shelf using a fork lift truck. A second
workman has a metre rule and a stopwatch.

Which quantity will the second workman be able to determine, using only the metre rule and the
stopwatch?

A the average speed of the block as it moves up

B the density of the material of the block

C the pressure exerted by the block on the shelf

D the work done on the block when it is lifted

0654/11/M/J/12 Q30

The graph shows how the distance of an object changes with time.

Between which two times is the object moving with a changing speed?

A between 0s and 2s

B between 2s and 4s

C between 4s and 8s

D between 8s and 12s

0654/12/M/J/12 Q28
The following are distance/time graphs.

Which graph shows an object travelling at constant speed?

0654/11/O/N/12 Q28

What is the density of an object that has a mass of 20g and a volume of 5cm 3?

A 4g/cm3 B 15g/cm3 C 25g/cm3 D 100g/cm3

0654/11/O/N/12 Q29
A solid, rectangular metal block has the dimensions shown.

The mass of the block is 2700g.

What is the density of the metal?

2700
A. g/cm3
25× 5
25× 5
B. g/cm3
2700
2700
C. g/cm3
25× 5 ×8
25× 5 ×8
D. g/cm3
2700

0654/11/O/N/13 Q29

The diagram shows a distance/time graph for a journey.

Which is the speed/time graph for this journey?

0654/11/M/J/13 Q28
Which property of an object cannot be affected by applying a force?

A direction of movement

B mass

C shape

D speed

0654/11/M/J/13 Q29

A cyclist takes 15 minutes to travel along the path PQRP.

What is the average speed of the cyclist?

A 0km/hour B 12km/hour C 20km/hour D 48km/hour

0654/12/M/J/13 Q28

Three forces act in the directions shown on each of the four blocks.

Which block is in equilibrium?

0654/12/M/J/13 Q29
Sugar cane is a food crop grown in Australia. It is harvested and then transported on small trains to
the processing plant.

Fig. 1.1 shows one of the trains carrying sugar cane.

(a) The mass of the engine and empty trucks is 20000kg and the mass of the sugar cane transported
is 10000kg.

The train travels at a speed of 0.5m/s.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the loaded train.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used (KE =) ½ mv2;

working

= ½ × 30000 × 0.5 × 0.5 = 3750J ;

[2]

(ii) To travel at this speed, a driving force of 1000000N is needed.

Calculate the work done by the engine when the train travels 1km.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used (work done =) force × distance

working

= 1000000 × 1000= 1000000000J ;

[2]
(iii) It takes the train 5minutes to travel 1km. Calculate the power output of the engine.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used (power =) work/time ;

working

= 1000000000/300 = 3300000W ;

[2]

(b) The water used to irrigate one sugar cane farm comes from a waterfall. The farmer attempts to
reconstruct an experiment which may have been carried out by James Joule in 1847.

Joule attempted to show that the water at the bottom of a waterfall was hotter than water at the
top of the waterfall. His reasoning was that the water had gravitational potential energy at the top of
the waterfall, which would be converted to kinetic energy as it fell. This kinetic energy would be
changed to heat energy when the water fell into the pool at the bottom of the waterfall.

(i) 1kg of water has 300J of gravitational potential energy at the top of the waterfall.

State the maximum kinetic energy that 1kg of water will have when it reaches the bottom of the
waterfall. Explain your answer.

maximum kinetic energy

explanation

300J AND all potential energy will be converted into kinetic energy/energy is conserved ;

[1]

(ii) Assuming that all the kinetic energy of the water is converted to thermal (heat) energy, calculate
the temperature rise in the 1kg of water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg°C.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used (temperature change =) energy/mass × shc ;

working

= 300/1 × 4200 ;

= 0.07°C ;

[3]

0654/31/M/J/12 Q1
(c) A car which is moving has kinetic energy. The faster a car goes, the more kinetic energy it has.

The kinetic energy of the car is 1120000J when the car is travelling at 40m/s.

Calculate the mass of the car.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used KE = ½ mv2 OR (m) = 2 × KE/v2;

working

m= (2 × 1120000)/(40 × 40) = 1400 kg ;

[2]

(d) A driver is accompanied by four other passengers and their heavy luggage.

Explain how the addition of the passengers and luggage affects the braking of the car compared to
when the driver is alone in the car.

mass increases so KE/momentum increases ;

greater force needed (to reduce momentum)/longer braking time/distance needed (to reduce KE) ;

(accept reverse arguments)

[2]

(e) A car is moving along a road. The mass of the car is 1200kg and the resultant force acting on it is
1500N.

Calculate the acceleration of the car.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used force = mass × acceleration ;

working

acceleration = 1500/1200 = 1.25 m/s2;

[2]

0654/32/M/J/12 Q4 (part)
You are going to find the density of the material used to make a plastic pipe as shown in Fig. 2.1.

(a) Use Fig. 2.2, which shows a balance reading, to record the mass, M, of the piece of pipe to the
nearest 0.1g.

M= 13.7 ; g

[1]

(b) (i) Use a ruler and Fig. 2.3 to measure the length, l, the external diameter, d e, and the internal
diameter, di, of the piece of pipe to the nearest 0.1cm.

length, l= cm You will need to write you own

markscheme for this as it depends
external diameter, de= cm
on the quality of the printout
internal diameter, di= cm

[3]

(ii) Use your values of the external diameter, d e, and the internal diameter, di, to calculate k, using
the formula given below.

k= de2– di2

k= cm 2

[2]
(iii) Use your values in (b)(i)and (b)(ii)to calculate V, in cm 3, the volume of the piece of pipe.

Use the formula given below.

πkl
V=
4

V= cm3

[2]

(c) Use your values of the mass, M, and the volume, V, of the piece of pipe, to calculate D, the
density of the material used.

Show clearly any formula you use.

Density = mass / volume

D= g/cm 3

[2]

0654/62/M/J/12 Q2
(c) A speed – time graph for the car is shown in Fig. 9.2. It shows the motion of the car over a 25
second period.

(i) State one part of the graph when the car was moving at constant speed and write down the value
of this speed.

part of graph

speed

BtoC /5 to 7.5 and 0.4(m/s) ;

[1]
(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car between A and D.

Show your working.

area under graph ;

= (½ × 0.4 × 5) (+ 0.4 × 2.5) + (0.4 × 12.5 × ½)/= (1 + 1.0 + 2.5) ;

= 4.5m ;

[3]

0654/32/O/N/12 Q9c

Fig. 3.1 shows two speed / time graphs for a car.

(a) Describe the motion of the car in

graph A, constant/steady, speed/velocity ;

graph B. acceleration

[1]
(b) The car travels at 20m/s for 90 seconds. The total force driving the car forward is 1000N.

Calculate the work done by this force during this 90 second journey.

State the formulae that you use and show your working.

formulae used (distance = 20 × 90 =) 1800(m) ;

(work done =) force × distance ;

working

= 1000 × 1800 = 1800000J ;

[3]

(c) The manufacturer of the car gave the following information.

• mass of car 950kg

• the car will accelerate from 0 to 33m/s in 11 seconds

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the car during the 11 seconds.

Show your working.

(acceleration =) change in speed ÷ time = 33/11 ;

= 3m/s2;

[2]

(ii) Calculate the force needed to produce this acceleration.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula used (force =) mass × acceleration ;

working

= 950 × 3 = 2850N ;

[2]

(iii) The manufacturer claims the car can reach a maximum speed of 170km/hr.

Explain, in terms of forces acting on the car, why there is a maximum speed (terminal velocity) that
a car can reach.

the faster a car goes the greater the air resistance/frictional force ;
(eventually) air resistance balances (maximum) driving force ;
[2]

0654/33/O/N/12 Q3
Three boys, A, Band C, walk together from their school to a store. They stay at the store for a few
minutes and then return to school.

When they leave the store,

• one boy walks back to school at a steady pace,

• one boy walks back to school at a slower steady pace,

• one boy slows down gradually as he walks back to school.

The graph in Fig. 6.3 shows how their speeds vary with time.

i) Calculate the distance of the store from the school.

Show your working.

1.2 × 240 (with or without units)/use of (distance =) speed × time, or area under graph ;
288m ;
[2]
(ii) For how many seconds do the boys stay in the store?

240(s) ; S
[1]
(iii) Which boy slowed down on his way back to school?

Explain your answer.

boy C(no mark)

(line on) graph goes down (so speed was changing)/owtte/use of data ;
[1]
0654/31/M/J/13 Q6
1)
a) An elephant of mass 5000kg exerts a constant force of 1400N to push a tree trunk along at a
steady speed of 1.5m/s.

i) Calculate the work done by the elephant when the tree trunk moves 10m.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula (W =) F × D orF × d orF × s ;

working

= 1400 × 10 = 14 000J ;

__________________ [2]

ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the elephant when it is moving at 1.5m/s.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula (KE =) ½ mv2;

working

= ½ × 5000 × 1.5 × 1.5 = 5625J ;

__________________ [2]
 b) The elephant has a weight of 50000N and stands with all four feet in contact with the
ground. Each foot of the elephant has an area of 0.2m 2.

Calculate the pressure exerted by the elephant on the ground.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula (pressure =) force/area or F/A ;

working

= 50000/0.8 = 62500N/m2;

__________________ [2]

c) The volume of the elephant is 5m3. Its mass is 5000kg.

Calculate the density of the elephant.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula (density =) mass/volume or m/v ;

working

= 5000/5 = 1000kg/m3;

__________________ [2]

0654/32/M/J/13 Q2

Fig. 1.1 shows an experimental car powered by solar panels.

(a) The speed/time graph in Fig. 1.2 shows the motion of the car over a short time.
(i) On Fig. 1.2, label A at a point when the car was accelerating.

A labelled between 0s and 20s ;

[1]

(ii) Calculate the total distance travelled by the car.

Show your working.

working on graph/calculation of area under graph ;

280m ;

[2]

0654/33/M/J/13 Q1 (part)
A student is doing an experiment to find the mass of a metre rule. He rests the rule on the pivot at
the 40cm mark.

He hangs a 100g load at the 10cm mark of the ruler. He hangs a balancing mass, m= 50g, on the
other side of the rule so that the rule balances, see Fig. 2.1. The balancing mass is d cm from the
pivot.

• The student finds distance, d, and records it in Table 2.1.

•He adds 10g to the balancing mass, m, and adjusts its position so that the rule

balances.

• He finds the new distance, d, and records it in Table 2.1.

• He repeats this procedure using balancing masses, m, of 70, 80 and 90g.

Table 2.1

Mass m / g Distance d / cm 1/m

1/ g
50 34.6 0.020

60 28.8 0.017

70

80 21.9 0.013

90

(a) (i) Figs. 2.2 and 2.3 show the scale of the rule and the positions of the balancing masses when m=
70g and m= 90g.

Read and record below the scale of the rule for each mass.

scale reading for 70g mass = 64.5 ; cm

scale reading for 90g mass = 59.2 cm [2]

(ii) Use your answers to (i) to calculate the values of d for each mass.

Record your values of d in Table 2.1.

(64.5 – 40 =) 24.5 and(59.2 – 40 =) 19.2 (both correct) ;

[1]

1
(iii) Calculate, to three decimal places, the values of for the masses 70g and 90g.
m

Record these values in Table 2.1.

1/70 = 0.014 ;
1/90 = 0.011 ;
(penalise incorrect d.p. once only)
[2]
 1
(b) (i) On the graph grid provided. plot distance, d, (vertical axis) against .
m

Draw the best straight line.

(i) correct plots of 4 or 5 points ;

straight line drawn ;

[2]

(ii) Find the gradient of the straight line you have drawn. Show clearly on the graph

how you obtain the values used to calculate the gradient.

gradient =

(ii) x- and y- distances shown on graph ;

y/x correctly calculated (1600 to 1800) ;

[2]
(c) Calculate the mass of the rule using the formula

gradient
mass of rule = 300− .
10

mass of the ruler = 300 – gradient/10 correctly calculated from candidate's graph (around 120 to
140), do not allow impossible masses e.g. negative ;

[1]

0654/61/O/N/12 Q2

A student is investigating forces acting at different angles. He is using the apparatus shown

in Fig. 2.1.

• He hangs a 20g mass, m, half way between the pulleys, at point X.

• He places a protractor behind point X so that angle θ can be measured, as in Fig. 2.2.

• He measures angle θ and records it in Table 2.1.

• He repeats the experiment using masses of 40, 60 and 80g for mass, m.
 Table 2.1

Mass, m/g Angle θ /° Sine θ

0 0 0.00

20 11 0.19

40 22 0.37

60 35 0.57

80 50 0.77
(a) (i) Fig. 2.3 and 2.4 show the angles at point X for the masses m= 60g and m= 80g.

For each diagram, read angle θ and record it in Table 2.1.

[2]
(ii) Use Table 2.2 to find the sines of the angles you have recorded in column 2 of Table 2.1.

Record them in column 3 Table 2.1. [2]

(b) (i) Plot a graph of sine θ (vertical axis) against mass, m on the grid below.

Draw the best straight line. Extend it to the value of sine θ= 1.0.

points correctly plotted ± half square

(allow 1 error); straight line
drawn (line crosses at 100 max 2);

extending to sine θ= 1.00 ;

[3]

(ii) Read and record the value of mass, m, when sine θ= 1.0.

When sine θ= 1.0, mass m= mass = 104 g (or as candidate's graph) ; g

[1]

(iii) In theory, m, from (b)(ii)should equal the sum of the two masses on the ends of the thread (=
100g). In practice it is rarely equal to the sum of the two masses.

Suggest another force, acting in the apparatus, which could cause the difference.

friction ;
[1]
(c) Suggest how the results of this experiment will compare if the experiment is carried out on the
surface of the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is much smaller than on Earth.

Explain your answer.

(the results should be the same) because gravity acts equally (on all three masses) ;
[1]
0654/62/O/N/12 Q2
A science student is using the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1 to investigate the relationship between
the mass of a trolley and the time taken to travel along a track.

The trolley has a mass of 100g. It is made from a light but strong material. It can be loaded with
more masses.

The weight, W, is a fixed mass used to accelerate the trolley along the smooth level 1 metre track.

The release mechanism at point A and the contact point B are connected to a timer.

• the student loads the trolley so that it has a total mass of 3kg

• the trolley is released and the time taken to reach point Bis recorded in Table 3.1

• the trolley is loaded to give a different total mass and the experiment is repeated

(a) Suggest the name of a metal or plastic that can be used to make the light, strong trolley.

aluminium, or a named plastic such as polyethene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polystyrene ;

[1]
(b) The timer displays for the two missing results are shown in Fig. 3.2.

Record the times in Table 3.1. [1]

 1.7

2.3

(c) (i) Plot a graph of the time taken, t against total mass of the trolley on the grid provided. Label the
axes. Use the points to draw a smooth curve.

correct labelling of axes/sensible

scales ;

points correctly plotted (half square

tolerance) ;

curve drawn ;

[3]
(ii) When the curve is extended, it does not pass through the point (0,0).

Suggest one reason why time, t, cannot be equal to 0.0s.

the falling mass will take time to travel (1 metre even if the trolley weighs nothing)/impossible to
travel a distance in 0 secs ;

[1]

(d) On the same graph grid, draw a curve that might be obtained if the mass of the weight, W, is
increased. Label your curve increased mass.

curve drawn correctly below/to the right of the first curve ;

[1]

(e) (i) Name the force that causes the acceleration of the trolley.

(acceleration of) gravity/tension (in the string) ;

[1]

(ii) State where, in the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1, this force is acting to cause the acceleration of
the trolley.

Explain your answer.

EITHER gravity: gravity acts on the weight ;

acts on the weight, w ; (causing tension in the string) which pulls

the trolley ;
which pulls the trolley ;
(answers to (i) and (ii) mustmatch)
OR tension:

[2]

0654/63/O/N/12 Q3

(a) A student is finding the value of an unknown mass, M, of a fixed load by balancing it against a
range of known masses on a metre rule.

The apparatus is set up as shown in Fig 6.1.

The unknown load of mass M, is fixed at the 5.0cm position. The student places a 60g mass, m, on
the ruler. He adjusts the position of mass m, until the ruler is balanced. He records the distance, x
cm, from the 50.0cm balance point in Table 6.1.

0.027
0.031
0.036
27.9 0.039
0.044
25.5 all recorded to 3 decimal places ;
any two correct ;

(i) Use Fig 6.2 to find the distance, x, for masses equal to 80g and 90g and complete column 2 of
Table 6.1. Measure to the centre of the mass.

[2]

(ii) Calculate 1 /x for each value of x and record your answers to 3 decimal places in Table 6.1.
 [2]

(b) (i) On the grid provided, plot a graph of mass, m, (vertical axis) against 1/x.

Draw the best straight line.

points correct by eye ;

straight line of best fit ;

(ii) Calculate the gradient of the line. Show clearly, on the graph, how you did this.

gradient of the line

gradient 2353 (allow between 2000 to 2600) ;

method clearly shown on graph ;
[2]
(c) Calculate the value of the unknown load of mass M, using the equation

M= gradient/45

M= M= 2353/45 = 52(g) ; (ecf) g

[1]

(d) This method of finding unknown masses is unsuitable for very small or very large masses.
 Suggest a reason for either of these.

metre rule will break (if mass very large) ;

rule not long enough (for large mass) ;

too difficult to achieve a balance ;

x too small (or large) to measure ; (ignore ‘difficult to measure’)

[1] 0654/61/M/J/13 Q6