GAS LAW
Name: Submitted To:
Calizo, Allysa Zyrre D. Dr. Victorio B. Duyan
Section: Date of Submission:
Grade 12 – Ruby August 22, 2019
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law also known as “Boyle-Mariotte Law” says that the total pressure and
volume of a given mass of confined gas are inversely proportional, provided the
temperature remains unchanged within a closed system.
Formula:
P1V1 = P 2V2
1. A 2.5L container has a gas pressure of 4.6 atm. If the volume is decreased to 1.6L,
what will be the new pressure inside the container?
Solution:
V1 = 2.5L V2 = 1.6L
P1 = 4.6 atm P2 = ?
P1V1 = P 2V2
P1V 1
P2 =
V2
(4.6 atm)( 2.5 L)
P2 =
1.6 L
P2 = 7.2 atm
2. The air inside a flexible 3.5L container has a pressure of 115Kpa. What should the
volume of the container be increased to in order to decrease the pressure to 625 torr.
Solution:
P1 = 115Kpa = 862.8 torr P2 = 625 torr
V1 = 3.5L V2 = ?
*Convert Kpa into torr:
115 Kpa 760torr
x =862.8 torr
1 101.3 Kpa
101.3Kpa = 760 torr
P1V1 = P 2V2
V2 = P1V1/P2
(862.8 torr)(3.5 L)
V2 =
625 torr
V2 = 4.83L
Charle’s Law
The volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant.
Formula:
V1 V2
=
T1 T2
1. A 3.5L flexible container holds a gas at 250K. What will the new volume be if the
temperature is increased to 400K?
Solution:
V1 = 3.5L V2 = ?
T1 = 250K T2 = 400K
V1 V
= 2
T1 T2
V 1T 2
V2 =
T1
( 3.5 L ) ( 400 k )
V2 =
250 K
V2 = 5.6L
If the temperature increases the volume increases too.
2. A 275mL balloon is filled with air at 25C. If the temperature is increased to 50C, what
is the new volume of the balloon?
Solution:
V1 = 275mL V2 = ?
T1 = 25C + 273 = 298K T2 = 50C + 273 = 323K
Celsius must be converted to Kelvin. Just add 273.
V1 V
= 2
T1 T2
V 1T 2
V2 =
T1
( 275 mL ) ( 323 k )
V2 =
298 K
V2 = 298mL
Gay Lussac’s Law
The pressure of a given mass of gas variety directly with the absolute
temperature of the gas, when the temperature is kept constant.
Formula:
P1 P
= 2
T1 T2
1. The pressure of a gas in a rigid container is 125Kpa at 300K. What will be the new
pressure if the temperature increases to 900K?
Solution:
P1 P
= 2
T1 T2
P1 = 125Kpa P2 = ?
T1 = 300K T2 = 900K
P1T 2
P2 =
T1
(125 Kpa)(900 K )
P2 =
300 K
P2 = 375Kpa
2. The tire pressure of a car is 29 psi at 25C. What will be the new tire pressure when
the temperature of tires increases to 42C while driving on the road?
Solution:
P1 = 29Psi P2 = ?
T1 = 25C T2 = 42C
Convert Celsius into Kelvin.
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298K
T2 = 42 + 273 = 315K
P1T 2
P2 =
T1
(29 Psi)(315 K )
P2 =
298 K
P2 = 30.65Psi
Avogadro’s Law
It states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases
contain the same number of molecules.
Formula:
V1 V2
=
n1 n2
1. If 2.4 moles of gas occupied a volume of 60L at a certain temperature, what volume
will 3.7 moles of gas occupy?
Solution:
V1 = 60L V2 = ?
N1 = 2.4 moles N2 = 3.7 moles
V 1 N2
V2 =
N1
(60 L)(3.7 moles)
V2 =
2.4 moles
V2 = 92.5L
2. A 250mL balloon contains 0.35 moles N2 gas. If 0.45 moles of N2 was added to it,
what will be the new volume of the balloon?
Solution:
N1 = 0.35 mol N2 = 0.80 mol
V1 = 250mL V2 = ?
To find N2 add 0.35 and 0.45
V 1 N2
V2 =
N1
( 250 mL) (.80 moles)
V2 =
.35 moles
V2 = 571.4mL
Combined Gas Law
It combines the three gas laws which is Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law and Gay-
Lussac’s Law. It says that the ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the
absolute temperature (Kelvin) of gas is equal to a constant.
Formula:
P1V 1 P2V 2 P1V 1 P2V 2
= or =
T 1 n1 T 2 n2 T1 T2
1. A sample of N2 gas was placed in a flexible 9.0L container at 300K at a pressure of
1.5 atm. The container was compressed to a volume of 3.0L and heat was added until
the temperature reached 600K. What is the new pressure inside of the container?
Solution:
V1 = 9.0 L V2 = 3.0L
T1 = 300K T2 = 600K
P1 = 1.5 atm P2 = ?
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1 T2
P1V 1T 2
P2 =
V 2 T1
(1.5 atm)(9.0 L)(600 K )
P2 =
(3.0 L)(300 K )
8100
P2 =
900
P2 = 9 atm
2. A 20.0L container holds 0.650 mol of He gas at 37.0C at a pressure of 628.3 torr.
What will be the new pressure inside of the container if the volume is reduced to 12.0L,
the temperature increased to 177C, and 1.25 mol of additional He gas was added to it?
Solution:
V1 = 20.0L V2 = 12.0L
N1 = 0.650 mol He N2 = 1.25 mol He
T1 = 37.0C T2 = 177C
P1 = 628.3 torr P2 = ?
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T 1 n1 T 2 n2
P1V 1T 2N
P2 = 2
V 2T 1 N1
(628.3 torr)(20.0 L)(450 k )(1.9 mol He)
P2 =
( 12.0 L ) (310 K ) ( 0.650 mol He )
P2 = 4,443 torr to get the atm divide the number by 760.
P2 = 5.85 atm
Ideal Gas Law
It’s a law relating the pressure, temperature, and volume of an ideal gas. Real
gas behavior at higher pressures and lower temperatures is frequently represented by
modifications of the ideal gas laws. Thus, the ideal gas laws are a good starting place
for calculations of gas properties.
Formula:
PV = nRT
(L)(atm)
R = 0.08206
(mol)( K )
1. A 2.5L container holds 0.45 moles of N2 gas at 315K. What is the pressure inside the
container?
Solution:
V = 2.5L
N = 0.45 mole
T = 315K
R = 0.08206
PV = nRT
nRT
P=
V
( 0.45 mole ) ( 0.08206 ) ( 315 K )
P=
2.5 L
P = 4.65 atm
2. 1.3 mol of Argon gas is placed in a container at 27C at a pressure of 725 torr. What is
the volume of the container in mL?
Solution:
N = 1.3 mol V = ?
T = 27C + 273 = 300K R = 0.08206
P = 725 torr convert this into atm.
725torr 1 atm
( )( ¿ = 0.95395 atm
1 760torr
PV = nRT
nRt
V=
P
(1.3 mol)(0.08206)(300 K )
V=
0.95395 atm
V = 33.54L convert this into mL.
33.54 L 1000 mL
( 1 )( I L ¿ = 33,540 mL
V = 33,540 mL
Graham’s Law
It expresses the relationship between the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas’s
molar mass. Diffusion describes the spreading of a gas throughout a volume or a
second gas, while effusion describes the movement of a gas through a tiny hole into an
open chamber. It is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the
gas.
Formula:
R2 M 1 t1
R1
=
√ =
M 2 t2
1. The rate of effusion of Argon was measured to be 0.218 mol/s at a certain
temperature. Calculate the rate of effusion for Helium gas.
Solution:
R1 = 0.218 mol
R2 = ?
Molar Mass:
Ar = 40
He = 4
R2 M1
R1
=
√
R He
M2
40
0.218
R He
=
√ 4
=√ 10
0.218
R He 3.162
=
0.218 1
RHe = (3162)(0.218)
RHe = 0.6894
2. An unknown gas has rate of effusion that is 4 times faster than Oxygen gas (O2).
Determine the identity of this gas.
Solution:
R2 M1
R1
RO2
=
√ M2
Mx
¿
Rx
=
√ M O2
1 M
=
16 32
32
M=
16
M=2
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of the component gases.
Formula:
PT = P A + P B + P C
1. A storage tank contains 2 moles of Ar, 3 moles of O 2, and 5 moles on N2 at a total
pressure of 1000 torr. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas.
Solution:
Ar = 2 O2 = 3 N2 = 5 P = 1000 torr
N Ar 2 2 1
XAr = = = = = 0.2
NT 2+ 3+5 10 5
3
XO2 = = 0.3
10
5 1
XN2 = = = 0.5
10 2
PAr = XArPT = 0.2 (1000 torr) = 200 torr
PO2 = 0.3 (1000 torr) = 300 torr
PN2 = 0.5 (1000 torr) = 500 torr
PT = PAr + PO2 + PN2
PT = 200 + 300 + 500
PT = 1000 torr
2. 56g of N2 and 96g of O2 are mixed in a 2.0L container at 300K. Calculate the partial
pressure of each gas and the total pressure.
Solution:
N2 = 56g O2 = 96g V = 2.0L T = 300K PT = ?
56 g N 2 1mol
x = 2 mol N2
1 28 g
96 g O2 1mol
x = 3 mol O2
1 32 g
RT N N 2 (0.08206)(300 K )(2)
PN2 = =
V 2L
PN2 = 24.6 atm
RT N O 2 (0.08206)(300 K )(3)
PO2 = =
V 2L
PO2 = 36.9 atm
PT = PN2 + PO2
PT = 24.6 +36.9
PT = 61.5 atm
Gas Collected Over Water
When collecting oxygen and calculating its partial pressure by displacing water
from an inverted bottle, the presence of water vapor in the collecting bottle must be
accounted for.
Formula:
PT = Pgas + PH2O and PV = nRT
1. 37.0L of N2 gas was collected over water at 25C at 790 torr. The vapor pressure of
water is 23.8 torr at 25C. How many grams of N 2 was collected?
Solution:
PT = PN2 + PH20
790 = Pn2 + 23.8
PN2 = 790 – 23.8
PN2 = 766. 2 torr convert this into atm.
766.2torr 1 atm
x = 1.008 atm
1 760 torr
PV = n RT
PV
N=
RT
( 1.008 atm )( 37.0 L )
N=
(0.08206)(298 K )
N = 1.525 mol
Convert moles into grams
1.525mol N 2 28 g N 2
x 1mol N = 42.7 g N 2
1 2
N = 42.7 g N 2
2. Zinc metal reacts with excess Hydrochloric Acid to produce Hydrogen gas and Zinc
Chloride. If 45.0L of H2 gas was collected over water at 22C at a total pressure of 755
torr, how many grams of Zinc was consumed in the reaction? (The vapor pressure of
water at 22C is 19.8 torr)
Solution:
Zn + 2HCl → H2 + ZnCl2
V = 45.0L T = 22C + 273 = 295K P = 755torr
PT = PH2 + PH2O
PH2 = 755 – 19.8
PH2 = 735.2torr convert this into atm.
735.2torr 1 atm
x = 0.9674 atm
1 760 torr
PV = nRT
PV
N=
RT
(0.9674 atm)( 45.0 L)
N=
(0.08206)(295 K)
N = 1.798 mol H2 convert this into grams.
1.798 mol H 2 1 mol Z n 65.39 g Z n
x 1mol H x 1 mol Z = 117.6 g Zn
1 2 n
RMS (Root Mean Square Speed)
It measures the average speed of particles in a gas.
Formula:
3 RT
Vrms =
√ M
1. Ar: 400K
Solution:
3 RT
Vrms =
40 g
√ M
1 kg
R = 8.3145 J/mol x K
x = 0.04 kg/mol
mol 1000 g
3 ( 8.3145 ) ( 400 )
V=
√
V = 499 m/s
0.04
2. Calculate the root mean square velocity for the atoms in a sample of oxygen gas at
32C.
Solution:
32 + 273 = 305 K
3 ( 8.3145 ) ( 305 )
Vrms =
√ 0.032
Vrms = 487.57 m/s
