4 QUESTION

List of biofuel companies

Generation of fuel companies country products

First-generation ADM Germany biodiesel

Diester Industrie, France biodiesel
LS9, Inc United States diesel fuel
Second-generation Chemrec Sweden bioethanol
Vonore United States ethanol
Gushan Environmental China biodiesel
Energy Limited
Third -Generation Exxon Mobil United States Butanol
biodiesel

Fourth-generation GreenFuel Technologies United States biodiesel

Algenol United States bioethanol
LS9 United States biodiesel
Leading Companies Profiled in the Liquid Biofuel

1) Butamax Advanced Biofuels LLC, United States

Butamax has developed technology for deriving butanol from sugar and biomass feedstock such
as corn and sugarcane. Technology is closely guarded as the company is in a patent dispute with
Gevo (a biobutanol producer in the United States), but consists of genetically modified yeast
and bacteria. Currently the organisms cannot produce biobutanol from lignocellulosic material,
a area that Butamax is actively working to address.

Products
Butamax licenses its technology to producers throughout the world. It has also produced a
demonstration plant in the UK under its subsidiary Kingston Research Limited. The goal is test
the large scale production capabilities of the technology, offer a test plant to showcase
Butamax capabilities, and to provide a basis for further patent development.

2) Gevo, Inc. (U.S.)

Gevo is commercializing the next generation of renewable gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel with
the potential to achieve zero carbon emissions, addressing the market need of reducing
greenhouse gas emissions with sustainable alternatives. Gevo uses low-carbon renewable
resource-based carbohydrates as raw materials, and is in an advanced state of developing
renewable electricity and renewable natural gas for use in production processes, resulting in
low-carbon fuels with substantially reduced carbon intensity (the level of greenhouse gas
emissions compared to standard petroleum fossil-based fuels across their lifecycle). Gevo’s
products perform as well or better than traditional fossil-based fuels in infrastructure and
engines, but with substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to addressing the
problems of fuels, Gevo’s technology also enables certain plastics, such as polyester, to be
made with more sustainable ingredients. Gevo’s ability to penetrate the growing low-carbon
fuels market depends on the price of oil and the value of abating carbon emissions that would
otherwise increase greenhouse gas emissions. Gevo believes that its proven, patented
technology enabling the use of a variety of low-carbon sustainable feedstocks to produce price-
competitive low carbon products such as gasoline components, jet fuel, and diesel fuel yields
the potential to generate project and corporate returns that justify the build-out of a multi-
billion dollar business.
Products
Blending Isooctane with renewable naphtha and alcohols (such as isobutanol or ethanol) yields
a low-carbon gasoline replacement that provides excellent performance, meets gasoline
standards set by vehicle manufacturers and government regulators. Renewable gasoline could
be an enormous market for Gevo and other biofuel manufacturers as the drumbeat of low-
carbon fuel and gasoline blendstock becomes more pronounced.

Renewable gasoline represents a family of products currently produce, including a 16-percent-

isobutanol blended gasoline, and RG-50, a 50-percent-renewable fuel made in part from
renewable isooctane. working on additional products with the objective of replacing the whole
gallon of gasoline with a 100-percent-renewable gasoline in the coming years. low-carbon fuels
are made from renewable feedstocks such as low-carbon crops and other biomass resources.

3) Fulcrum BioEnergy, Inc.

Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc. produces advanced biofuel from garbage. The Company's proprietary
process converts municipal solid waste, or MSW into ethanol. Fulcrum expect its first
commercial-scale facility, the Sierra BioFuels Plant, or Sierra, to begin production in the second
half of 2013 and to be at full capacity within three years after commencement of ethanol
production.

4) Pacific Ethanol, Inc. (U.S.)

Pacific Ethanol is a leading producer and marketer of low-carbon renewable fuels in the
Western United States. Pacific Ethanol owns eight ethanol production facilities, four in the
Western states of California, Oregon and Idaho, and four in the Midwestern states of Illinois
and Nebraska. The plants have a combined production capacity of 515 million gallons per year,
produce over 1 million tons per year of ethanol co-products such as wet and dry distiller grains,
wet and dry corn gluten feed, condensed distillers solubles (CDS), corn gluten meal, corn germ,
corn oil, distillers yeast and CO2.
 5) GreenFuel Technologies
GreenFuel Technologies Corporation (GFT) is a startup that has developed a process of growing
algae using emissions from fossil fuel combustion and solar panels, mainly to produce biofuel
from algae.