Practical Research 2

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Presentation of the Written
Statement of the Problem and the
Research Conceptual Framework
Practical Research 2
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Presentation of the Written Statement of the Problem and the
Research Conceptual Framework.
First Edition, 2020

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 Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Presentation of the Written
Statement of the Problem and the
Research Conceptual Framework
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Module on Presentation of the Written Statement of the Problem and the Research
Conceptual Framework!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Module on Presentation of the Written Statement of the Problem and the Research
Conceptual Framework!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
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your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

The previous modules introduced you to the different parts of the first chapter of
the research paper which includes the title, the background of the study, the statement
of the problem, the research questions, and the scope and delimitation of the study.
Each of these parts describes a certain aspect of the researcher’s investigation. Although
there are few differences between the various research methods, with some fields putting
more emphasis on certain parts of the research paper, there is a standard general
structure that must be followed. In addition, a research has to have a well-defined
framework that will serve as an outline that guides both the researcher and the readers
(Prieto, Naval, & Carey, Illustrating and Explaining Conceptual Framework, 2017).
This module is divided into two lessons namely:
• Lesson 1 – Presenting Written Statement of the problem
• Lesson 2 – Illustrating and Explaining the Research Conceptual Framework
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. present the problem and its background;
2. define a conceptual framework;
3. draw a diagram of the conceptual framework; and
4. explain write a narrative that explains the details of the conceptual framework.

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the first step of the research process?
A. Searching for sources C. Deciding on a research topic
B. Choosing the correct font D. Writing citations for every source
2. What part of the research paper gives a brief explanation of the main research
problem and the thesis argument?
A. Abstract B. Conclusion C. Introduction D. Research Title
3. What part of the research paper contains specific statements that will guide the
researcher throughout the research process?
A. Delimitation C. Research question
B. Research problem D. Scope
4. Which of the following sets demonstrates the chronological order of the subparts of
the research introduction?
A. Background, problem statement, research questions, scope and delimitation
B. Problem statement, research questions, scope and delimitation, background
C. Research questions, scope and delimitation, problem statement, background
D. Scope and delimitation, background, research questions, problem statement
5. Which of the following parts of the research introduction describes a conflict, concern,
controversy, or gaps about the current study?
A. Background of the study C. Scope and delimitation
B. Research questions D. Statement of the problem

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6. To lead you to the good construction of the conceptual framework, what should
you determine among the variables of your study?
A. Source B. History C. Frequency D. Relationship
7. If a double-sided arrow is placed in a research paradigm, what does it mean?
A. Correlation B. Dependency C. Consistency D. Clarity
8. Where do you write the conceptual framework?
A. After the related literature C. Before the results and discussions
B. Before the related literature D. After the results and discussions
9. Which is the correct direction to arrive at your conceptual framework?
P-Choose your relationships Q-Choose your variables
M-Choose your topic N- Make your research question
R- Conduct a review of literature O-Create your conceptual framework
A. M-N-O-P-Q-R B. M-N-R-Q-P-O C. M-R-N-P-Q-O D. M-N-Q-P-R-O
10. What purpose does the conceptual framework serve?
A. Organize ideas C. Identify relationships
B. Clarify concepts D. A, B, and C

Lesson
Presenting Written
1 Statement of the Problem
A big hand of applause to you who surpassed the last four modules! The 5 th
module assumes that your writing skills have improved through the various activities
and exercises provided to you in the previous modules. At this time, you are expected
to polish your outputs from these activities in order to generate a quality introduction
of the problem and its background.

What’s In

Activity 1. Guess the word!

Directions: Review the concepts of the previous lesson to complete the word puzzle.
Refer to the cues located on the right side.

● The extent at which the research

area will be explored

● The characteristics that restrict the

scope and outline the boundaries of
the study

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 What’s New

Activity 2. What’s up for this Session?

Instructions: Answer the question below by arranging the following parts according to
its order in the research paper using roman numerals I-V. Then, write the letter
combinations (2 or 3 letters within the parenthesis) opposite the blank that corresponds
to the roman numerals (your answer) in the statement.

What are you up to?

I am going to create a _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ of my research introduction.

I II III IV V
___ 1. (es) Background of the study ___ 4. (pr) Title
___ 2. (at) Research questions ___ 5. (ent) Statement of the problem
___ 3. (ion) Scope and delimitation

What is It

Each institution has its protocol or format that faculty and students follow in
writing a research paper. Also, research format varies according to the research design
that the researcher chose to employ in his study. But just like most research designs
and institutional formats, the research introduction includes the following components
(Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017):

The background of the study identifies the rationale of the research problem
(Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017). In simple analogy, it is like asking what led the researcher
to launch his study.

The statement of the problem specifies an area of concern, a condition to be

improved, a challenge that needs to be solved, issues or questions derived from various
research materials, or a problem occurring in the practice of a certain profession or the
workplace (Brian, 2007). It begins with the statement of the actual research problem
then continues with a brief discussion of the research justification, the deficiencies (gaps
found in the existing literature), the method, participants, and location and the
organization or individuals who will benefit from the study.

The research questions are well-defined statements that guide the researcher
throughout the research process. The statement of the problem is still too broad and
needs to be narrowed into research questions.

The scope refers to the statements that set the boundaries and parameters of the
study. Delimitation, on the other hand, narrows down the scope of the inquiry and
clarifies or designs terms used (Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017).

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 What’s More

Writing the Research Introduction

Consider the following parameters in writing your research introduction (The Problem
and Its Background) (Prieto, Naval, & Carey, Presenting Quantitative Research Best
Design, 2017).

A. Title: simple, brief and attractive; accurately reflects the problem of the study;
contains few words with not more than 15 words

B. Background of the Study: interesting; brief; addresses the issue or problem; states
the rationale on the choice of the study; discusses the importance of the research;
reflects the outline of the research

C. Statement of the Problem: contains general statement of the problem; specific

problems are arranged in logical manner; problems are consistent with the variables;
clear, concise, and reflective of the study.

D. Scope and Delimitation of the Study: the parameters and boundaries are well-
defined; presented in a discussion context

General Guidelines in Writing (Style, Composition,

Organization, and Form) (Prieto, Naval, & Carey, Presenting Quantitative
Research Best Design, 2017)

1. The research proposal is written in future tense however it may be written in past
tense when quoting from a source.
2. The proposal must be written in third person.
3. Correct grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling must be constantly
observed.
4. There must be coherence of the main topic with the other sections.
5. There should be a logical flow of ideas between sentences with smooth transition
between ideas.
6. The study should be supported with references. Citations are used for direct citations,
paraphrasing, facts and studies.

What I Have Learned

In a separate sheet of paper, write a brief reflective essay that expresses how much you
understood the concepts about research writing beginning from topic selection up to
defining the research scope and delimitation.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 3. Writing Workshop

Directions: This activity will require an intact copy of your outputs from the previous
modules. Remember that you only worked on one research topic for every component.
Rewrite these outputs to form the first chapter of your research paper using the given
format. Use separate sheets of paper in accomplishing this activity.

Format:

Title:
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Background of the Study

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the Problem

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Research Questions
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Scope and Delimitation

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson Illustrating and Explaining

2 the Research Conceptual
Framework
Whenever your family intends to celebrate an occasion, what things are considered?
While planning you tend to keep in the list some items that are of important and relevant
to make the celebration as success. Relatively, research is the same. You list down
concepts, readings and compare and keep which ones are fundamental and leading to
the target output of the research.

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 What’s In

Activity 1. Scrabble time!

Direction: Re-arrange the letters below to construct the sub-parts of the research
introduction.
1. AOUBCDKGNR - ______________ - the rationale on the choice of the study
2. AEIIIODLMTTN - ______________- the boundaries, parameters of the study

What’s New

Activity 2. Check it out!

Direction: Use the range below as your guide how well you have understood the following
(5- high level 4 – moderate 3 – average 3-low level 2- low level 1- no level)

Self-rating
Sub-parts of research variables research question Literature

What is It

A framework is defined as “a set of ideas that provide support to something”

(Merriam-Webster; n.d.). Essentially any concept or theory requires a strong framework
to establish its general feasibility. In the case of research, it serves as the building blocks
for the foundation of the study. There are two types of research framework: theoretical
and conceptual framework. (Cristobal and De La Cruz-Cristobal, 2017)

The theoretical or conceptual framework may either be based on theories or

concepts. If theories are directly referred to then the research study uses a theoretical
framework. On the other hand, if the study is based on concepts, then the research uses
a conceptual framework (Young, 2002 as cited by Bermudo, et. al, 2010)

The conceptual framework (McGaghie et al, 2001 as cited by Regoniel, 2015)

“sets the stage” for the presentation of the particular research question that drives the
investigation being reported based on the problem statement. The problem statement of
a thesis presents the context and the issues that caused to conduct the study.

Tips in Identifying Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

(Bermudo, et. al., 2010)

If you start with the research problem and identify an acceptable conceptual framework,
it is probably smarter to confer with others-especially with people who may be familiar
with the wide range of theoretical perspectives and are therefore in a better position to
identify a suitable framework.
Reading research reports from other studies that were based on selected framework
may also be helpful even if the research issue is not similar to yours. You will be better

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able to judge by reading other studies how much empirical support the theory has
received and perhaps how the theory should be adopted.
Designing a conceptual framework
(https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/conceptual-framework/)

There are different ways to design a conceptual framework depending on the kind of
relationship you expect to find. Basic components are found in the table below.

Component box Arrow line

Meaning Variable Causal relationship Correlation

*draw the arrow from the independent
variable (the cause) and point to the
dependent variable (the effect)

Hours of Study Exam Score

(Independent variable) (Dependent variable)

(Fig. 1: sample research paradigm)

In developing your conceptual framework, you should also aim to identify other
variables that might influence the relationship between your independent and
dependent variables.

Input-Process-Output
(Cristobal and De La Cruz-Cristobal, 2017)

One of the most commonly used paradigms is the IPO (Input-Process-Output)

model. It is used when the research seeks to discuss a factor or a major variable that
causes a problem, phenomenon, or transformation in the subject.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

(the variables that (the method by which (the phenomenon,
cause the problem, the variables are or transformation;
phenomenon, or collected and the resulting
transformation) synthesized) variables)
*Profile of Analysis of data *Improved role of
entrepreneurs through: entrepreneurs
a. age *questionnaire *Higher returns
b. sex *statistical *Better quality of
*Roles of treatment services
entrepreneurs
a. assessment
b. planning
c. implementation
*Performance

(Fig. 2: Paradigm for Entrepreneur’ s Roles Toward Improved Work Performance.)

sample of IPO (Cristobal and De La Cruz-Cristobal, 2017)

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 What’s More

Activity 3. Where do I start? (commons.ncu.edu)

Ideally, you will revisit the conceptual framework of your study when you describe
the implications of your study findings as you draft Chapter 5 once your study has
concluded.

DIRECTION: Complete the table below to guide you in formulating a conceptual

framework: (You can transfer the table in your notebook to have more spaces.)

1. Discipline/Field of Study 2. Principles(s); Model(s)

a. What is your track/strand? a. What relevant principles have you

searched about your research topic?
_______________________________ _________________________________
b. What is your research focus? b. What model(s) are related to your
research?
_______________________________ __________________________
c. What method will you use in your c. Who was/were the original author(s) for
paradigm? your research study?

______________________________ ____________________________________

What I Have Learned

Direction: In your notebook, write the pros and cons if a research work has a good
conceptual framework.

What I Can Do

Direction: Take hold of a copy of your output in Practical Research 1. Compare and
contrast it with what you what to have as your output for Practical Research 2. In your
notebook, draw your conceptual framework and discuss it later with your research
teacher to check your full understanding.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What part of the research paper contains fewest possible words to summarize the
main idea of the study?
A. Abstract C. Conclusion
B. Background of the Study D. Research Title
2. What part of the research paper is an overview of the important studies relevant to
the current investigation?
A. Abstract C. Conclusion
B. Background of the Study D. Research Title
3. What part of the research paper contains specific statements that will guide the
researcher throughout the research process?
A. Delimitation C. Research question
B. Research problem D. Scope
4. What part of the research paper thoroughly explains the information or subject to be
analyzed?
A. Delimitation C. Research question
B. Research problem D. Scope
5. Which of the following statements describes the delimitation of the study?
A. It discusses the subjects to be analyzed.
B. This includes a detailed reasoning for rejecting a certain action.
C. This refers to the extent in which the researcher wants to explore.
D. It usually includes the statement of the general problem and the timeframe.
6. Where do you write the conceptual framework?
A. Before the results and discussions C. Before the related literature
B. After the related literature D. After the results and discussions
7. Which symbol connotes correlation but not cause and effect?
A. Line B. Arrow C. Broken line D. Box
8. How should the arrow be drawn in a conceptual framework?
A. from the dependent variable to the independent variable
B. from the independent variable to the dependent variable
C. from the from the output to the process
D. from the process to the input
9. What purpose does the conceptual framework serve?
A. Clarify concepts B. Identify relationships C. Organize ideas D. A, B, and C
10. Which is the correct direction to arrive at your conceptual framework?
M-Choose your topic N- Make your research question
O-Create your conceptual framework P-Choose your relationships
Q-Choose your variables R- Conduct a review of literature
A. M-N-O-P-Q-R B. M-N-R-Q-P-O C. M-R-N-P-Q-O D. M-N-Q-P-R-O

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 Additional Activities

Exercise
1. Read a sample research manuscript (published or unpublished). Try to compare the
contents of the manuscript with your constructed research introduction. This can
help you improve your work.
2. In a separate sheet of paper, draft a conceptual framework on Distance Learning
Towards Students’ Performance.

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 Answer Key

Lesson 2

Answers will
vary
depending on
the learner’s
experiences,
knowledge

References
Bermudo, P.J. , et. al. (2010). Theoretical and Conceptual Framework. In Research
Writing Made Simple (pp.38-39). Manila. Mindshapers Co., Inc.

Cristobal, Jr. , A.P.& Cristobal-M.C. D. (2017) Research Framework. In Practical

Research 1 for Senior High School (112-113). Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.

Pardede, P. (2018, October 1). Identifying and Formulating the Research Problem.
Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329179630_Identifying_and_Formul
ating_the_Research_Problem
Prieto, N. G., Naval, V. C., & Carey, T. G. (2017). Illustrating and Explaining
Conceptual Framework. In Practical Research 2 for Senior High School (p. 76).
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Prieto, N. G., Naval, V. C., & Carey, T. G. (2017). Presenting Quantitative Research
Best Design. In Practical Research 2 for Senior High School (pp. 229-234).
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Prieto, N. G., Naval, V. C., & Carey, T. G. (2017). Presenting Written Statement of the
Problem. In Practical Research 2 for Senior High School (pp. 41-48). Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.aacom.org/:
https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/aogme-
documents/webinar101018.pdf?sfvrsn=45912097_4

Regoniel, Patrick (January 5, 2015). Conceptual Framework: A Step by Step Guide on

How to Make One [Blog Post]. In SimplyEducate.Me. Retrieved
from https://simplyeducate.me/2015/01/05/conceptual-framework-guide/

The Conceptual Framework. Retrieved from

https://commons.ncu.edu/sites/default/files/entity/paragraph/2019/the_con
ceptual_framework.pdf

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862

Email Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph

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