Explain at least two challenges to the successful implementation of the Agrarian

Reform in the Country

The challenges to the successful implementation of the Agrarian Reform,

first the intricacies of agrarian reform impact assessment that the widespread
opposition to the implementation of land reform is based on the self-interest of the
ruling class, which has hindered changes in the current state of land ownership.
Apart from this opposition from landowners based on narrow personal interests,
there are quite a few scientists who do not have a clear idea of the strengths and
weaknesses and therefore the benefits of land reform. The reason for this vague
attitude towards land reform can be summarized as follows. Various reform goals.
Various reform components. Degree of reform; various implementing agencies;
duration; and personal prejudice of evaluators.

Secondly, the multiplicity of reform objectives most of land reforms seek a

mixture of political, social and economic goals at the same time. The classification
of these components is somewhat arbitrary, as there is no clear division of goals,
and some of them may even conflict with each other. As a general rule, land
reform is a measure aimed at changing the balance of power. The abolition of
large-scale real estate and feudal production systems will ease the rural population
and integrate it into society, which will contribute to the political stability of the
country.
In the social arena, land reform aims to reduce income, wealth and living
standard inequality and strengthen independent and independent farmers. The
economic goals of such reforms are to reduce inefficient production structures,
utilize the efficiency of family farms, increase agricultural production, improve
capital formation and stimulate the development of the non-agricultural sector. Is
to increase the demand for.
In addition to these national aspects, land reform also has important
international effects. The general trend of globalization and international
interdependence requires governments to maintain international agreements. For
this reason, some countries have excluded cross-border companies from their land
distribution programs, encouraging the cultivation of export crops to reduce their
external debt burden rather than prioritizing self-sufficiency in food production. In
some countries. Introducing the Philippines Law No. Comprehensive Agricultural
Reform Program (CARP), 6657 declares in its title two goals: promotion of social
justice and promotion of industrialization. Article 2 of the law states that "the
welfare of landless farmers and agricultural workers takes the utmost care to
promote social justice and move the country towards sound rural development and
industrialization." It has become more specific. To this end a more equitable
distribution and ownership of land shall be undertaken to provide farmers and farm
workers with the opportunity to enhance their dignity and improve the quality of
their lives through greater productivity of agricultural lands.
Agrarian reform in the narrow sense consists of measures aimed at
redistributing large-scale real estate in favor of landless rural populations and
smallholders. In the Philippines, the Secretary-General of the Agricultural Land
Reform Authority (DAR) Ernesto Galilao points out: “The essence of the land
reform program is land distribution. Government of the Philippines, 1994, p. 13).
However, as experience in many countries has shown, land distribution alone
benefits from reform. It is not enough to ensure an improvement in the living
standards of those who are. The transfer of real estate must involve the provision of
input, expansion, marketing, credit and other support services. These two elements,
land distribution and support services, form the core of any land reform program.
The Philippine Land Reform Program includes more than land redistribution and
support services and includes the following additional components: land transfer
activities, land settlement, leasing, warehousing options, production and profit
sharing, beneficiary development and Land use conversion. This list of reform
elements suggests a lack of well-defined priorities. Part of the reform is aimed at
facilitating the establishment of a class of independent small landowners, while
another is aimed at increasing the income of peasants and agricultural workers
without changing their social status. One component is aimed at encouraging
agribusiness investment and profit sharing arrangements with large corporations,
and the other component is aimed at strengthening the organization of
smallholders. These different elements of reform have different impacts on
different stakeholders and have different impacts on productivity, productivity, and
the social situation of the rural population, so assess their general impact. You
cannot. Therefore, CARP impact assessment requires analysis of specific
components.