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system
- The boy is shown to be innocent. The author forces the
boy to try weapons he’s never used before, to develop a
liking for blood.
- Initially, the author encourages him to feel the blade, and
later, zinc teeth and bullets.
- He doesn’t simply force the boy to develop an intent to
kill, but wants him to understand the weapons he’ll use
and what it would mean to be on the other side of the
weapon, that is, what it would mean to be killed by it.
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KASHYAP Yash Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
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KASHYAP Yash Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Language Techniques
Personification Positive Diction Metaphor
“How cold steel is, and keen with “Nor antlers through the “Or give him cartridges of fine
hunger of blood” thickness of his curls.” zinc teeth”
“thinly drawn with famishing for This technique in the “thickness This technique is used to compare
flesh” of his curls” provides a positive zinc bullets to teeth. This shows
connotation towards the boy. The the bullets as a body part, almost
This technique compares the
thickness of curls makes this boy as if the weapon itself was a
weapon (steel sword) to a person,
seem innocent, and the lack of person, and bullets are that
where the steel itself has lust for
antlers, a common feature on the person’s teeth. This person’s
violence.
devil, further cements this idea. values are corrupted, and it’s
This technique shows the reader shown through this comparison.
It further shows the audience that
that the violence doesn’t come
the boy and his values are pure at It further describes how the
from the boy, but rather from the
heart, and that despite the weapons are the means of
weapons he uses, and it further
weapons he holds, he isn’t a bad corrupting this boy, through the
shows how the boy’s beliefs and
person. negative connotations in the
values are being determined by his
words used, and the comparison
surroundings
done.
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KASHYAP Yash Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
“ the en
d
thanks
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KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Futility
By: Manya & Khushi
Contents
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
01 Poem Context 02
About the poem &
Write up of the poem
poet
01 The Poem
Futility by Wilfred Owen
(May 1918)
FUTILITY
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
by Wilfred Owen
CONTENT
About the poem and Wilfred Owen
02
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
WILFRED OWEN
However, the "kind old sun" cannot help the soldier - he has
died.
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
03 Analysis
Language Techniques with example
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Aporia
Series of Rhetorical Questions
● The intensity with which the speaker asks Full-nerved, still warm, too hard to stir?
these questions shows how much he Was it for this the clay grew tall?
cared about this fallen soldier. —O what made fatuous sunbeams toil
● Highlights the extent of disbelief To break earth's sleep at all?
● Continuous engagement of the reader
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Pararhyme
Half Rhymes
Juxtaposition
Contrast of 2 ideas
Global Issue
04
Politics, Power and Justice
KUMAR Manya Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Then chest and sleepy arms once more And finished fields of autumns that are old ...
Who knows? Who hopes? Who troubles? Let it pass!
fell slack.
He sleeps. He sleeps less tremulous, less cold
And soon the slow, stray blood came
Than we who must awake, and waking, say Alas!
creeping
Wilfred Owen
From the intrusive lead, like ants on track.
Under his helmet, up against his pack,
MALHOTRA Rhea Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
After the many days of work and waking,
Sleep took him by the brow and laid him back.
And in the happy no-time of his sleeping,
Death took him by the heart. There was a personification of the word
sleep in the first stanza, ‘Sleep took him
by the brow and laid him back.’ It
There is parallelism also used 2 lines after Of the aborted life within him signifies how he he had a lack of control
this, which is defined as repetition of an over his movements.
entire grammatical structure rather than a leaping ...
word. Death took him by the heart.
Showing the progression/process of the Then chest and sleepy arms
soldiers death
once more fell slack.
Personification to Personification for his
describe the movements And soon the slow, stray blood immediate death use of
of arms after he died. (no the word
movement) came creeping
Simile, shows how
From the intrusive lead, like ants blood moves slowly,
straight, forward,
on track. slowly
Whether his deeper sleep lie shaded by the shaking
Use of personification again.
Of great wings, and the thoughts that hung the stars,
MALHOTRA Rhea Grade 11 Visual
IBS1 English A Language imagery,
and Literature calm
04 Due Date: pillows
16Nov21 10:40 of
High pillowed on calm pillows of God’s making gods making signifies the
soldier is resting in heaven.
Above these clouds, these rains, these sleets of lead, Uses of words such as wings
and God’s making, with the
idea of heaven thus can infer
this.
THANK YOU!!!!:)
MEHTA Devanshi Dipen Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes
Can patter out their hasty orisons. Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes.
No mockeries now for them; no prayers nor bells; The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;
Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,— Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds,
The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells;
And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.
And bugles calling for them from sad shires.
MEHTA Devanshi Dipen Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Global Issue
The global issue most apparent here is beliefs, values and education. Wilson’s
beliefs about war and how soldiers are dehumanised are reflected in this poem.
His values are also reflected in the poem, as he feels that soldiers should to be
more recognised and appreciated.
MEHTA Devanshi Dipen Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Title
There is irony in the title - an anthem is meant to glorify something or someone,
but the title says “Anthem for doomed youth”. The anthem here is not about glory,
but about youth being “doomed”.
MEHTA Devanshi Dipen Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Stanza 1
What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? In the first line, soldiers are being compared to
cattle. This dehumanises them.
— Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
Alliteration and personification can be seen as well -
Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle “Stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle”.
Disabled
By: Ashwath and Mihika
One time he liked a blood-smear down his leg,
After the matches carried shoulder-high.
It was after football, when he'd drunk a peg,
NERLEKAR Ashwath Dinesh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark, He thought he'd better join. He wonders why.
And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey, Someone had said he'd look a god in kilts.
Legless, sewn short at elbow. Through the park That's why; and maybe, too, to please his Meg,
Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn, Aye, that was it, to please the giddy jilts,
Voices of play and pleasure after day, He asked to join. He didn't have to beg;
Till gathering sleep had mothered them from him. Smiling they wrote his lie: aged nineteen years.
Germans he scarcely thought of, all their guilt,
About this time Town used to swing so gay And Austria's, did not move him. And no fears
When glow-lamps budded in the light-blue trees, Of Fear came yet. He thought of jewelled hilts
And girls glanced lovelier as the air grew dim,— For daggers in plaid socks; of smart salutes;
In the old times, before he threw away his knees. And care of arms; and leave; and pay arrears;
Now he will never feel again how slim Esprit de corps; and hints for young recruits.
Girls' waists are, or how warm their subtle hands, And soon, he was drafted out with drums and cheers.
All of them touch him like some queer disease.
Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal.
There was an artist silly for his face, Only a solemn man who brought him fruits
For it was younger than his youth, last year. Thanked him; and then inquired about his soul.
Now, he is old; his back will never brace;
He's lost his colour very far from here, Now, he will spend a few sick years in institutes,
Poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry, And do what things the rules consider wise,
And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race And take whatever pity they may dole.
And leap of purple spurted from his thigh. Tonight he noticed how the women's eyes
Passed from him to the strong men that were whole.
How cold and late it is! Why don't they come
And put him into bed? Why don't they come?
What is the poem about?
NERLEKAR Ashwath Dinesh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
■ Juxtaposition occurs through the consistent temporal movement from past to present in order to
emphasize the soldier’s mournful reminiscence of his life pre-war.
■ Caesura is a dramatic pause for effect, which is employed in order to dramatize ideas. Caesuras are
usually placed to create end-stopped lines and abrupt stops to disrupt any rhythm in the poem,
reflecting the soldier’s inability to move forward.
■ Repetition is employed throughout the poem, prominently through the use of anaphora. In the closing
lines, the poet employs anaphora through syntactical parallelism as he pleads for the nurses to put him
to bed: ‘Why don’t they come?…….Why don’t they come?’ This works to emphasize the futility of life and
the lack of hope that now dominates the soldier’s life.
Language features
NERLEKAR Ashwath Dinesh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
■ Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound. If the alliteration begins with an ‘s’, then this is called
sibilance. There are two types of sound: hard sounds (plosives) or soft sounds. It is extremely important
to consider which sort of sound is being repeated, as this will determine the impact.
■ ‘Girls glanced’ (stanza 2) - The soft repeated ‘g’ sound reminds us of a gentler time in his life. However,
arguably the hard sound reminds us of the bitterness that is currently being experienced, as he worries
that ‘girls’ will never ‘glance’ at him again. This is a recurring theme in the poem, as there is repetitive
mention of women: ‘mothering’, ‘girls’ waists’, ‘women’s eyes’ and ‘Meg’. Perhaps he is concerned that
he will never be attractive to women again.
OLEYNIK Aristo Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
“Mental Cases” by
Wilfred Owen
Who are these? Why sit they here in twilight? These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished.
Wherefore rock they, purgatorial shadows, Memory fingers in their hair of murders,
Drooping tongues from jaws that slob their relish, Multitudinous murders they once witnessed.
Baring teeth that leer like skulls’ tongues wicked? Wading sloughs of flesh these helpless wander,
Stroke on stroke of pain,—but what slow panic, Treading blood from lungs that had loved laughter.
Gouged these chasms round their fretted sockets? Always they must see these things and hear them,
Ever from their hair and through their hand palms Batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles,
Misery swelters. Surely we have perished Carnage incomparable and human squander
Sleeping, and walk hell; but who these hellish? Rucked too thick for these men’s extrication.
Poem SHEIKH Arsh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
The global issue most suggested by the poem would be culture, identity and community, more
specifically the identity aspect. Throughout the poem, it is described with a series of negative
connotations how the soldiers experiences in the war shaped what they believed and how “dawn
breaks open like a fresh wound”. By using this, Wilfred implied that the positivity that is normally
associated with dawn has a negative effect on the despair, blood and death that is ingrained into
their memories that anything that opposes their reality becomes more suffering since it offers
hope when they don’t want it.
Poem Content SHEIKH Arsh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
The main idea of this poem is the description of the death and trauma that the soldiers
experienced resulting in them being physically described as what is implied to be a military
hospital. This poem attempts to describe the physical appearance of the “corpses” and how their
troubles(PTSD or shell-shock) have essentially made them the “living dead”. The hellish
descriptions such as “purgatorial shadows”, “skulls tongues wicked”, “wading sloughs of flesh”
have implied a hellscape-type atmosphere around their lives. Towards the end, the poem
describes how the soldiers were “Snatching after us who smote them brother” which was
alluding to a larger failure of humanity being in constant war resulting in these soldiers
conditions. The message is more significant when connecting to another poem “Dulce et
decorum est” written by Wilfred Owen where the enthusiasm that soldiers were and are being
sent into wars for thousands of years since ancient times and the encouragement they receive
from society to do so and how soldiers come back in body bags or mentally and psychologically
broken after wars.
Language Technique Analysis SHEIKH Arsh Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
- The souls of the dead are known as “shades”, implies that they are no longer physically present in
the world. (and instead are mere shadows)
- To emphasize the horrific and mental consequences of war and to portray that this endless
psychological torture is so overwhelming that they can no longer function properly
“She brings with the dawn and daylight nothing but pain and the night brings no relief.”
Contrasts the normal association of nature with hope since the despair of the soldiers makes them believe that
having hope is worse than living with no hope.
SMEE Grace Renate Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Wilfred Owen
Background
❖ Written somewhere between 1914 and 1918
❖ The words “Shall life renew these bodies? Of all truth death will he
annul” from it were written on Wilfred Owen’s gravestone.
❖ He was raised as an evangelical Anglican.
❖ His early influences were thought to be the Bible and Romantic poets.
❖ A philosophical questioning of life and death and his beliefs
❖ Yearning for peace and for the pain to be reversed
Main techniques
01 02
Personification Diction/ Imagery
03 04
Rhyme Structure
Personification
SMEE Grace Renate Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Age
“When I do ask white Age he saith
not so “My head hangs weighted
with snow””
Growing old is denied of them,he
seems almost regretful and
burdened
Life
“Shall Life renew these Earth
bodies?” “And when I harken the Earth
she saith … It is death”
Life is like an omnipotent being,
He even pleads with the Earth
deciding if they may live of not. but she denies him, no one
He almost bargains with it. can stop death or escape it.
Diction/Imagery
SMEE Grace Renate Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
All the language reflects classical texts. It is elegant, lyrical writing, contrasting his usual
style. There is a lot of imagery reflecting different religious views and myths about death
and gods. Like lightning, chariots and bronze
Sonnet
- 3 quatrains and couplet, 14 lines, rhyming scheme
- Shakespearean
- Comes from the Italian word Sonetto, meaning
little song
Effect
- Gives it a sophisticated, classical feel, creates
a smooth rhythm
- Reflects the religious context and
philosophical thoughts
- Allows the readers the read the poem without
abrupt stops (more lyrical and smooth)
SMEE Grace Renate Grade 11 IBS1 English A Language and Literature 04 Due Date: 16Nov21 10:40
Thank You