POWER SYSTEM INSTITUTE

Review and Training Specialist

Sorsogon City

ASSESSMENT TEST II
August 18, 2013

DEFINITIONS:
1. Diode- a one direction device which allows the flow of current in one direction
2. DC Current- one direction flow of current
3. AC Current- continuous flow of electron in one direction
4. Autotransformer- a transformer wherein the primary is electrically connected to secondary, and used it in
motor control.
5. Resistance- is the opposition to the flow of current, it limits or regulates the flow of current.
6. Current- the flow of electron along the conductor.
7. Voltage- an electrical pressure which causes the current to flow.
8. Transformer- the transfer of power through magnetic induction WITHOUT CHANGE IN FREQUENCY.
9. Motor- a machine with rotating field to change mechanical energy to electrical energy.
10. Generator- a machine with rotating field to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

IDENTIFICATION:
1. Safe use of electricity- this Code has the primary objective of establishing basic materials quality and
electrical works standard for the safe use of electricity for (lh pcso) light, heat, power, communication,
signaling and for other purposes;
2. Adequacy- strict compliance with the provisions of this code will ensure safety in electrical installation
and construction, but not necessary efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service or future
expansion of electrical use.
3. The Board of Electrical Engineering shall render the final decision in the interpretation of any portion of
the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, in case of a controversy.
4. ARMOR: -A wrapping of galvanized interlocking steel strip forming an integral part of the assembly or
certain insulated cables, wires, or cords, which are capable of withstanding certain mechanical tests.
5. ARMORED CABLE: (In interior wiring)- A fabricated assembly of insulated conductors in a flexible
metallic covering.
6. BRANCH CIRCUIT: - The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit
and the outlet/s.
7. BRANCH CIRCUIT APPLIANCE: - A branch circuit supplying energy to one more outlets to which
appliances are to be connected; such circuits to have no permanently connected lighting fixtures not
part of an appliance.
8. BRANCH-CIRCUIT DISTRIBUTION CENTER: - A distribution center from which branch circuits are
supplied.
9. BRANCH CIRCUIT GENERAL PURPOSE: - A branch circuit that supplies a number of outlets for lighting
and appliances.
10. BRANCH CIRCUIT MULTI WIRE: - A branch circuit consisting of two more ungrounded conductors having
a potential difference between them, and a grounded conductor having equal potential difference
between it and each ungrounded conductor of the circuit and which is connected to the neutral
conductor of the system.
11. BUILDING: - A structure which stands alone of which is to cut off from adjoining structures by fire walls
with all openings therein protected by approved fire doors.
12. BUS: - A conductor, or group of conductors, in switchgear assemblies which serves as a common
connection for two or more circuits.
13. BUSWAY: - An approved, completely assembled metal troughing and fitting therefore, containing bare
conductors intended for use as feeder, the conductors being suitably supported on insulators.
14. CABLE: - either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other covering (single conductor
cable), or a combination of conductors insulated from one another(multiple conductor cable).
15. CIRCUIT BREAKER: - A device designed to open or close a circuit by non-automatic means and to open
the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without injury to itself when properly applied
within its rating.
16. CLEARANCES:
17. CONCEALED: - Rendered inaccessible by the structure or finish of the building. Wires in concealed
raceways are considered concealed, even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.
18. BARE: - A conductor having no covering or electrical insulation whatsoever.
19. COVERED: - A conductor encased within material of composition or thickness that is not recognized by
this Code as electrical insulation.
20. CONNECTED LOAD: - The sum of the continuous ratings of the load consuming apparatus connected to
the system or any part therefore.
21. CONTROL: - The methods and means of governing the performance of any electric apparatus,
equipment, fixtures, machine or system.
22. CUTOUT BOX: - An enclosure designed for surface mounting and having swinging doors or covers
secured directly to and telescoping with the walls of the box proper.
23. DEAD: - Free from any electric connections to a source of potential difference from that of the earth.
The term is used only with reference to current carrying parts which are sometimes alive.
24. DEMAND FACTOR: - The ratio of the maximum demand of a system, or part of a system, to the total
connected load of a system or the part of the system under consideration.
25. DISCONNECTING MEANS: - A device or group devices, or other means by which the conductor of circuit
can be disconnected from its source.
26. DWELLING UNIT: - One or more rooms for the use of one or more persons as a housekeeping unit with
space for eating, living, and sleeping and permanent provisions for cooking and sanitation.

a) Multifamily Dwelling: A building containing three or more dwellings.

b) One Family Dwelling: A building consisting solely of one dwelling unit.
c) Two Family Dwelling: A building consisting solely of two dwelling units.

27. ELECTRIC MOTOR: - A rotating machine which coverts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
28. FEEDER: - All circuit conductors between the service equipment, or the generator switchboard of an
isolated plant, and the final branch circuit overcurrent device.
29. FLEXIBLE CONDUIT: - Non-rigid metal conduit into which conductors may be drawn.
30. FLEXIBLE TUBING: - Non-metallic and non-rigid tubing, commonly known as “loom” through which a
conductor may be drawn.
31. FUSE: - An overcurrent protective device with a circuit-opening fusible member which is heated and
severed by the passage of overcurrent through it.
32. FUSE CURRENT RATING: - the current rating of a fuse is the designated rms alternating, or direct current
which it will carry continuously under stated conditions.
33. FUSE CUTOUT: - a form of fuse and its holder or enclosure characterized by the safe replaceability of the
fuse unit.
34. FUSE HOLDER: - a device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between the fusible link
and the fuse clips.
35. FUSE VOLTAGE RATING: - the voltage rating of a fuse is that rms alternating or direct voltage for which
it is designed.
36. GROUND: - a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental between an electrical or
equipment and the earth, or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.
37. GROUNDED: - Connected to the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of earth.
38. GROUNDING CONDUCTOR CIRCUIT: - a ckt. in which one conductor or point (usually the neutral
conductor or point of transformer or generator windings) which is intentionally grounded, either solidly
or through a grounding device.
39. INACCESSIBLE – covered by the structure or finish of the building or sufficiently remote from access, or
so placed or guarded that unauthorized persons cannot inadvertently, touch, interface with or enter the
equipment, room or compartment.
40. INSULATED – separate from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric permanently offering a high
resistance to the passage of current and to disruptive discharge.
41. JUMPER – a short length of conductor used to make a connection between terminals or around a break
in a ckt., or around an instrument. It is usually temporary connection.
42. JUNCTION BOX – a box with a blank cover which serves the purpose of joining different runs of raceway
or cable, and provided with sufficient space for connection and branching of the enclosed conductors.
43. KNIFE SWITCH – a form of air switch, the moving element is a hinged blade wedged between stationary
contact blades when closed.
44. LAMP – a generic term for an artificial source of light.
45. LAMP HOLDER – a device constructed for the mechanical support of lamps and for connecting them for
circuit conductors.
46. LATERAL CONDUCTOR – a wire or cable extending sideways or at angle to the general direction of the
line. Service wires either overhead or underground are considered laterals from the street mains. The
branches extended on poles at approximate right angles to lines are also known as “laterals”.
47. LIGHTING OUTLET – an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lamp holder, a lighting fixtures, or
a pendant cord terminating in a lamp holder.
48. LINE CONDUCTOR – a wire or cable carrying electric current, supported by poles, towers or other
structures, but not including vertical or lateral connecting wires.
49. MAXIMUM DEMAND – maximum demand of an installation or system is the greatest of all the demands
which have occurred during the specified period of time.
50. OUTLET – a point on a wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment.
51. OVERCURRENT – any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a
conductor. It may result from overload, short ckt. or ground fault.

52. OVERLOAD – operation of equipment in excess of normal, full load rating, or of a conductor in excess of
rated ampacity which, when it persists for a sufficient length of time would cause damage or dangerous
overheating. A fault such as a short ckt. or ground fault is not an overload.
53. PANEL BOARD – a single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single
panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent device, and with or without switches for the control of
light heat, or power ckts.; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or
partition and accessible only from the front.
54. PEAK LOAD – the maximum load consumed or produced by a unit or group of units in a stated period of
time. It may be the maximum instantaneous load or the maximum average load over a designated
interval of time.
55. POWER OUTLET – an enclosed assembly which may include receptacles, ckt. breakers, fuse holders,
fused switches, buses and watt-hour meter mounting means; intended to supply and control power for
general use or to mobile house homes, recreational vehicles or boats, or to serve as a means for
distributing power required to operate mobile or temporary installed equipment.
56. PULL BOX – a box with a blank cover which is inserted in one or more runs or raceway to facilitate
pulling in the conductor and may also serve the purpose of distributing the conductors.
57. RACEWAY – an enclosed channel designed expressly for holding wires, cable, or bus bars with
additional function as permitted in this Code.
58. RATED VOLTAGE – (of equipment) the rated voltage of equipment is the voltage to which operating and
performance characteristics are referred.
59. RECEPTACLE – a contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of a single attachment plug
60. RIGID METAL CONDUIT – a raceway specially constructed for the purpose of the pulling in or the
withdrawing of wires or cable after the conduit is in place and made of metal of standard weight and
thickness permitting the cutting of standard threads.
61. SERVICE – the conductor and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the
wiring system of the premises served.
 62. SERVICE CONDUCTORS – the supply conductors that extend from street main or from transformer to
the service equipment of the premises served.
63. SERVICE DROP – the overhead service conductors from the last pole or other aerial support to and
including the splices, if any, connecting to the service-entrance conductors at the building or other
structure.
64. SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS:
a) Overhead System - the service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and a
point usually outside the bldg., clear of bldg. walls, where joined by tap or splice to the service
lateral.
b) Underground System – the service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and
the point of connection to the service laterals.
65. SERVICE EQUIPMENT – the necessary equipment, usually consisting of a ckt. breaker or switch and
fuses, and their accessories, located near the point of entrance of supply conductors to a bldg. or other
structure, or an otherwise defined area, and intended to constitute the main control and means of cut-
off of the supply.
66. SERVICE LATERAL - the underground service conductors between the street main, including any risers
at a pole or other structure or from transformers, and the first point of connection to the service
entrance conductors in a terminal box or meter or other enclosure with adequate space, inside or
outside the bldg. wall. Where there is no terminal box or other enclosure with adequate space, the
point of connection shall be considered to be the point of entrance of the service conductors into the
bldg.
67. SURFACE METAL RACEWAY(metal molding) – a raceway consisting of an assembly of metal backing and
capping.
68. SWITCHES:
a) General-Use Switch – a switch intended for use in general distribution and branch
ckt. It is rated in amperes, and it is capable of interrupting its rated current at its rated voltage.
b) General-Use Snap Switch – a form of general-use switch so constructed that it can
be installed in flush device boxes or on outlet box covers, otherwise used in conjunction with the
wiring systems recognized by this Code.
c) Isolating Switch – a switch intended for isolating an electric ckt. from the source of
power. It has no interrupting rating, and it is intended to be operated only after
the ckt. has been opened by some other means.
d) Motor-Circuit Switch – a switch, rated in horsepower, capable of interrupting the
maximum operating overload current of a motor of the same horsepower rating as the switch at
the rated voltage.
69. TIE WIRE – a short piece of wire used to bind an overhead conductor to an insulator or other support.
70. TUBE – (in interior wiring knob& tube) a hollow cylindrical piece of insulating material having a head or
shoulder at one end, through which a conductor is threaded when passing through a wall, floor, ceiling,
joist, stud, etc.
71. UNDER FLOOR RACEWAY – a raceway suitable for floor.
72. UNDERGROUND CABLE – a cable designed for operation buried in the ground or installed in an
underground duct or conduit.
73. WATERTIGHT – so constructed that moisture will not enter enclosure under specified test condition.
74. WEATHERPROOF – so constructed or protected that exposure to the weather operation will not
interfere with successful operation. Note: Rainproof, rain tight, watertight equipment can fulfill the
requirements weatherproof where varying weather conditions other than wetness, such as dust, or
temperature extremes, are not a factor.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Service Entrance Conductor, Overhead System - the service conductors between the terminals of the
service equipment and a point usually outside the bldg., clear of bldg. walls, where joined by tap or
splice to the service lateral.
2. Service Entrance Conductors, Underground System – the service conductors between the terminals of
the service equipment and the point of connection to the service laterals.
3. CLASS I – locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air sufficient to
produced explosive or ignitable mixtures.
( e.g. Gasoline terminals, distillery, pharmaceuticals etc.)
4. Class II - locations in which are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust.
(e.g. firecracker maker, match maker, dynamite plant, etc.)
5. CLASS III - locations in which are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitable fibers and
flyings. (e.g. textile plant. Paper, saw mills, etc.)
6. SYSTEM GROUNDING - a system or circuit conductor that is intentionally ground.
7. EQUIPMENT GROUNDING - the conductors used to connect the non-current carrying metal parts of
equipment to the system ground conductor at the service equipment.
8. GROUNDING CONDUCTOR - a conductor used to connect equipment to grounded circuit of a wiring
system to a grounding electrode
9. THERMOCOUPLE - two metals with their end heated at different temperature to convert heat energy
into electrical energy.
10. ACSR – “Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced” used as overhead conductor.
11. PRONY BRAKE - device used in conducting PBT in order to determine the output power and torque of
an electric motor.
12. SCOTT or T-CONNECTION – is used to transform two phase power to three phase power or vice versa.
13. BIL – “Basic Insulation Level”, the capacity of an electrical device to withstand mechanical stress,
express in KVA.
14. INVERTER - a device used to convert DC to AC.
15. GALVANOMETER - it is an instrument utilizing mechanical motion caused by a current to indicate the
presence or to measure small amount of current.
16. GROUND TESTER – used to measure very small value of earth resistance.
17. KIRKCHOFF’S LAW – means to solve electric network which is difficult to solve using ohm’s law alone.
18. SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER – a synchronous motor without mechanical load used for power factor
correction.
19. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE – it is used to measure an unknown resistance in relation to known resistance.
20. TELEMETERING – remote sensing
21. DIELECTRIC – a substance that separate the plates of a capacitor (an insulator).
22. CORONA - it is a luminous discharge due to the ionization of the air surrounding a conductor caused by
a voltage gradient exceeding a certain critical value.
23. SURGE IMPEDANCE - the ratio of a potential difference to the current flowing at any point in the
transmission line due to a surge causing a traveling wave to exist upon it.
24. MOTIONAL IMPEDANCE - motional impedance of a transducer is the impedance obtained by
subtracting the blocked impedance from loaded impedance.
25. ITERATIVE IMPEDANCE - iterative impedance of a transducer is that impedance which when connected
to one pair of terminals produces a like impedance at the other pair of terminal.
26. IMAGE IMPEDANCE - the impedance which will simultaneously terminate all inputs and outputs so that
at each input and output of the impedance in both directions are equal.
27. DUCT – is a single enclosed raceway for conductors or cables.
28. INTERLOCK - is a device actuated by the operation of some other device with which it is directly
associated, to govern succeeding operations of allied devices.
29. WIREWAY - is an approved steel or metal troughing (usually with removable cover) and fitting
therefore, so formed and constructed that insulated conductors may be readily drawn in and
withdrawn, or laid in and removed, without injury either to conductors or coverings.
30. COUNTERPOISE -
31. COMMON NEUTRAL - a is the grounded conductor usually connected to a common point of a Y-
connected transformer, Y-connected generator windings, or Y-connected loads.
32. PANEL DIRECTORY - is a directory usually located at the panel’s door showing the internal wiring
connections of the panel and what load a certain branch circuit is supplied or protected.
 33. LADDER DIAGRAM - is a wiring diagram in a control system showing components symbols, relays
connection and operations of a particular motor control systems.
34. ELECTRICITY - can be defined as it is a flow of electrons from an area high in electron excess to one of
lower in electron content.
35. SHOP DRAWING - are the drawings done during the construction of the building or during the
installation of electrical wiring and equipments, which is not shown in the plans. It is also sometimes
called SITE MODIFICATION.
36. CATENARY SUSPENSION - the two copper overhead cable wire where LRT is connected or in contact
to collect power from the substation.
37. *PANTHOGRAPH SWITCH – (the LRT catenary cable switch)
38. *DEMIE LIGHT- miners cap’s light
39. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER - is a device or group of devices that serves to govern, in some predetermined
manner, the electric power delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
40. CONTACT SURFACE - is the surface which meet through which the current is transferred when the
contact is closed.
41. SPLICING SLEEVE – is a kind of sleeve used for splicing the conductors then crimped or pressed to
ensure good connection.
42. SHORT TIME DUTY - is an operation at a substantially constant load for a short and definite specified
time.
43. INDICATING SWITCH - is a switch of such design, or so marked that its “ON” or “OFF” position may be
readily determined by visual inspection.
44. LOOP SERVICE - consists of two services, or substantially the same capacity and characteristics supplied
from adjacent sections of a loop feeder. The two sections of the loop feeder are normally tied together
on the consumer’s bus through switching devices.
45. MAGNETIC COIL – it has many turns of insulated copper wire that is tightly wound on a spool.
46. CONTROL (MAGNETIC) RELAY – are used as auxiliary devices to switch control ckts. And large motor
starter coil, and to control small loads such as small motor, solenoids, electric heaters, pilot lights,
audible signal device and other relays.
47. SOLENOID VALVE – is the assembly of solenoid( the electromagnet and plunger ”the core”), and the
valve container, there opening in which a disc or plug is position to regulate the flow. The valve is
opened or closed by the movement of the magnetic plunger. When the coil is energized, the
plunge(core) is drawn into the solenoid.
48. MAGNETIC CONTACTORS – are electro-magnetically operated switches that provides a safe and
convenient means for connecting and interrupting a branch circuit.
49. SHADED POLE MOTOR- a kind of motor that has low starting torque which is usually used for small fans.
50. HORSEPOWER – is a unit of power of the load.

ENUMERATION:
1. GIVE AT LEAST FIFTEEN(15) NECESSARY INFORMATION FOR AN INDUCTION MOTOR NAMEPLATE.
a) Phase………………………… h) no. of pole…………….
b) HP rating……………………. i) cycles or frequency….
c) Rpm…………………………… j) power factor……………
d) Ambient temperature… k) SF and SFA……………..
e) Type............................. l) class………………………..
f) Code letter…………………. m) serial number………..
g) Name of manufacturer… n) rer………………………….
2. The following are the different types of AC single phase motor and the method of reversing their
rotations:

1. Universal Motor - interchange the leads of either brushes or field winding, but not both;
2. Split-phase motor - interchange the leads of either running winding or auxiliary/rotating
winding, but not both;
 3. Repulsion motor - shift the position of the brushes;
4. Shaded pole motor - rotation cannot be reversed UNLESS of Special Type

3. The three method of rewinding split phase motors are:

1. Hand winding- the wire is wound around stator pole directly by hands;
2. Form winding- the coils are first made on a wooden or metal form and then removed from
the form and placed in the slots;
3. Skein winding – this is used mainly on starting winding. After forming a coil, it is placed in slots
for the first pitch then twisted for the next pitch.

4. SWITCHES:

e) General-Use Switch – a switch intended for use in general distribution and branch
ckt. It is rated in amperes, and it is capable of interrupting its rated current at its rated voltage.
f) General-Use Snap Switch – a form of general-use switch so constructed that it can
be installed in flush device boxes or on outlet box covers, otherwise used in conjunction with the
wiring systems recognized by this Code.
g) Isolating Switch – a switch intended for isolating an electric ckt. from the source of
power. It has no interrupting rating, and it is intended to be operated only after
the ckt. has been opened by some other means.
h) Motor-Circuit Switch – a switch, rated in horsepower, capable of interrupting the
maximum operating overload current of a motor of the same horsepower rating as the switch at
the rated voltage.
5. Approved Types of Wiring Method
a. Rigid Metal conduit
b. Intermediate Metal Conduit
c. Electrical Metallic Tubing
d. Open Wiring on insulators
e. Armored cable
f. Surface Metal Raceway
g. Wireways
h. Busways
i. Underfloor raceway
j. Rigid non-metallic conduit
k. Cable trays
m. Multioutlet assembly

QUESTION AND ANSWER:

QUESTION #1: IS UNDERGROUND WIRING PERMITTED IN BULK STORAGE PLANTS?

ANSWER : Bulk storage plant is considered a hazardous location because it is a location where
gasoline and other volatile flammable liquids are stored in tanks having an aggregate capacity of one
car load or more, and from which such products are distributed.

Note:
Underground wiring is permitted in a bulk storage plant, provided that the underground wiring is
installed in rigid metal conduit, threaded steel intermediate metal conduit, or in form of cable approved
for the purpose.
Where cable is used, it shall be enclosed in rigid or threaded steel intermediate metal conduit
from the point of lowest buried cable level to the point of connection to the above ground raceway.
 QUESTION #2: WHO ENFORCES THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE?

ANSWER : The Philippine Electrical Code is enforced by the government bodies exercising legal
jurisdiction over electrical installation. These government bodies will have the responsibility of
implementing provisions of this code in deciding on the approval of the equipment and materials and
for granting the special permission contemplated in this Code, where it is assured that equivalent
objective can be achieved by establishing and maintaining effective safety.

QUESTION #3: WHAT IS THE TYPE OF MOTOR THAT IS USUALLY USED IN RAILWAYS?

ANSWER : DC Motor is usually used in railways because of its easily adjusted speed
characterictics.
******* The rotation can be reversed by interchanging the leads of either brushes or field
winding but not both.

QUESTION #4: HOW DO YOU REVERSE THE ROTATION OF AN A.C. SINGLE PHASE RAILWAY MOTORS?

ANSWER : * If there is some case where the single phase motor is used. The following are the
different types of AC single phase motor and the method of reversing their rotations:

4. Universal Motor - interchange the leads of either brushes or field winding, but not both;
5. Split-phase motor - interchange the leads of either running winding or auxiliary/rotating winding, but
not both;
6. Repulsion motor - shift the position of the brushes;
7. Shaded pole motor - rotation cannot be reversed UNLESS of Special Type.

QUESTION #5: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS
AND LIGHT RAIL TRAIN WITH REGARDS TO TRACTION MOTIVE POWER SUPPLY?
ANSWER : PNR and LRT have almost similar operation. Both are operated by DC motors. They only
differ on how the DC supply is supplied to each cars.
In LRT, power is supplied from 34.5KV substation ( space every 1.85 km.) and each substation is
containing two air cooled silicon rectifiers which will convert the AC supply to 750V DC. From there, the
current reaches the cars through two copper overhead contact wires with catenary suspension. Each
car has two-217.7 kW DC motor.
In PNR, the diesel engine serves as the prime mover of the DC generator. The diesel engine and the
generator are directly coupled. The DC generator which generates electrical energy in DC will supply the
different dc motors of the connecting cars of the train.

PROBLEM SOLVING: