i

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Tel. No. (043) 774-2526

Contemporary Approach through Green Architecture:

A Proposed Lifestyle Shopping Mall of Pallocan East, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

ARCH 523 - Architectural Design 5 - Space Planning 2

Submitted by:

Arevalo, Cyrill A.

Balita, Reinielle Lery C.

Desamito, Bethe N.

Lopez, John Lennon S.

Peña, Sophia Rose A.

September 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF FIGURES iii

LIST OF TABLES iv

Chapter I – Background of the Study

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Background of the Study 1

Chapter II – Description of the Study

2.1 Significance of the Study 3

2.2 Objectives of the Study 3

2.3 Statement of the Problem 5

2.4 Theoretical Framework 5

2.5 Conceptual Framework 6

2.6 Scope and Limitation 7

Chapter III – Data Presentaion

3.1. Data Sources 8

3.2. Data Presentation 8

3.2.1. Site Analysis 9

3.2.1.1 Macro Site 9

3.2.1.2 Micro Site 36

3.2.2. Users Analysis 41

Chapter IV – Case Study

4.1 Local Studies 54

4.2 Foreign Studies 87

GLOSARY

REFERENCES

ANNEXES
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.0 Philippine Map

Figure 2.0 Map of Region IV-A

Figure 3.0 Map of Batangas City

Figure 4.0 Map of the City of Batangas

Figure 5.0 Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Map of Batangas City

Figure 6.0 Rain – Induced Landslide Hazard Map of Batangas Province

Figure 7.0 Land Use Map

Figure 8.0 Proposed Zoning Map

Figure 9.0 Road Network Map

Figure 10 Site Map

Figure 11 Site Portion A

Figure 12 Site Portion B

Figure 13 Site Portion C

Figure 14 Road Map

Figure 14 Site Analysis

Figure 15 Greenbelt night view

Figure 16 Greenbelt Garden

Figure 17 Greenbelt mall categorized according to zones

Figure 18-21 Figure 18-21 Map of Ayala Greenbelt categorized according to zones
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Figure 22 Greenbelt Site Development plan

Figure 23 Greenbelt Perspective

Figure 24 Greenbelt Aerial Perspective

Figure Greenbelt 1

Figure 26 Greenbelt 3

Figure 27 Greenbelt 4

Figure 28 Green belt park

Figure 29 Greenbelt 5

Figure 30 3D Exploded view of Greenbelt Floor Plans

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Figure 31 Driving direction to Greenbelt Mall

Figure 32 Aerial View of Greenbelt

Figure 33 Ayala Land Inc.

Figure 34 Greenbelts’ Open Area

Figure 35 Greenbelt Restaurant

Figure 36 Ground Floor of Greenbelt

Figure 37 Greenbelt Site Plan

Figure 38 Eastwood City

Figure 39 Venice Grand Canal, another Lifestyle Mall by Megaworld Corp.

Figure 40 Business Districts in Metro Manila

Figure 41 Foreign and Local Examples of Urban Township Developments

Figure 42 Eastwood City Site Development Plan

Figure 43 Eastwood Cyber and Fashion Mall

Figure 44 Eastwood Le Grand: A high-rise residential tower

Figure 45 Eastwood City Garden

Figure 46 Exterior of Eastwood Mall

Figure 47 Eastwood City Facade

Figure 48 Interior of Eastwood Mall

Figure 49 Aerial View of Eastwood Mall

Figure 50 One Eastwood Avenue

Figure 51 Eastwood Legrand

Figure 52 Eastwood Global Plaza

Figure 53 Lifestyle Mall directly below One Eastwood Avenue Towers

Figure 54 1Br Unit Layout

Figure 55 7th Floor Plan of Eastwood LeGrand 3

Figure 56 Types of Unit in Legrand 3

Figure 57 Site Development Plan of Eastwood Global Plaza Luxury Residence

Figure 58 Typical Floor Plan of Eastwood Global Plaza Luxury Residence

Figure 59 Different Views of The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Figure 60 Site Development Plan of the Grand Eastwood Palazzo

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Figure 61 Types of Unit in The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Figure 62 Parc Central

Figure 63 The Business circle surrounding Parc Central

Figure 64 Aerial View of Parc Central

Figure 65 Aerial View of Parc Central at night showcasing the “Double-Fish”

Design

Figure 66 Site Development Plan of Parc Central

Figure 67 Section A Facing North

Figure 68 Design Evolution of Parc Central

Figure 69 Isometric View of Parc Central

Figure 70 Double-Fish Concept of Parc Central

Figure 71 Parc Central Sits on Guangzhou’s Central Axis

Figure 72 Monocoque Structure

Figure 73 Parc Central’s Underground

Figure 74 Skylight Design

Figure 75 Exterior Details of Parc Central

Figure 76 Sky Garden

Figure 77 Function Axonometric

Figure 78 Parc Central Site Location

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List of Tables

Table 1.0 Representation of Soil Types in Batangas City

Table 2.0 Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution

Table 3.0 Historical Growth of Population in Pallocan East

Table 4.0 Barangays with Highest to Lowest Population

Table 5.0 Total Population by Specific Age Group

Table 6.0 City Urban- Rural Population

Table 7.0 Comparative Revenue and Receipts

Table 8.0 Lot Bearings

Table 9.0 Summary Statistics

Table 10 Greenbelt’s Project Data

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CHAPTER I – BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 Introduction
There are numerous advantages to living in a city, where every individual's need may be met quickly. There is
always something to do and see, as well as numerous shopping, entertainment, and other options for filling their free
time with the satisfaction they require as an escape from their daily struggles. In the metro, businesses expand quickly,
and those circumstances in real life coincide with a never-ending cycle of crises that leads to increasingly serious
challenges in today's state. Traffic and pollution are two elements that have a negative impact on public health and lead
to poverty. People are leaving urban regions as more of these issues arise, and they prefer to relocate to a place with a
sustainable natural-based community.
In today's Philippines, practically every accessible space has been taken up, and there are only a few remaining
spaces, particularly in urban areas. It is becoming a rapid transformation for metropolitan regions to provide more building
projects for commercial and industrial companies, particularly in Batangas City. Rather of feeding this type of problem,
a preferable approach would be to move these developments to nearby or neighboring areas where the economy's
progress can also be developed. The more development is supplied, the greater the supply of demand. This is a
technique to ensure that, other from Batangas, all other nearby areas improve over time. Developments can constantly
be presented because there are additional opportunities to attain them. Batangas City is becoming increasingly
congested as more businesses, manufacturers, and entrepreneurs propose new developments while the alternative is
to investigate other locations when development includes progress from the city.
In this regard, this proposal was done for Batanguenos, particularly Pallocan’s, which generally focuses on
various classes of society as a whole. Its goal is to create a better possibility for not only economic development and
progress, but also for ordinary people to engage in external activities without having to spend a lot of money to have a
nice and rewarding experience for one's amusement.
The research focuses on a proposed lifestyle shopping mall in Pallocan, Batangas which will manage a
development that is innovative while also taking into account the environmental impact of today's technologies. The
proposed lifestyle shopping mall is intended to serve as a model development for Pallocan and the surrounding area
while maintaining the safety of users from COVID 19 by applying the general community guidelines through design
approach and space programming. The development is intended to meet the growing needs of today's city population,
providing benefits to users while also providing opportunities for exploration and supporting a passive approach through
modern design. It provides cost, energy, and water efficient structures as a result of its sustainable design and integration
of green building designs. It will be a people-oriented and eco-friendly development featuring commercial complexes,
apartments, and an interactive park. It will be known to local and international visitors who can contribute to the economy
Pallocan, Batangas resulting in the city's economic prosperity.

1.2 Background of the Study

Tianguis, or markets, were a weekly sight in most towns as early as the 19th century. Its persisting Westernized
values are a result of the combined legacies of Spanish and US colonization. As the country preserves its semi-feudal
and semi-colonial nature, colonial legacies are readily obvious. The first enclosed retail mall, the Crystal Arcade, was
built in Manila during the American colonial period. With covered walkways, window displays, cafés, and other specialty
businesses, the Crystal Arcade became the capital's most modern architecture, even imitating the arcades of
Paris. Aside from being a work of art, the Crystal Arcade marked the beginning of a new period of "national culture
centered on commodity." Despite being destroyed during WWII; the Crystal Arcade became the forerunner of current
shopping malls in the country. Fifty years later, malls have become permanent attraction in the Philippines.
The Philippines has gradually transformed itself from being the ‘Sick Man of Asia’ into ‘Asia’s Bright Spot’. The
Philippines has emerged as one of the region's fastest-growing economies. The Philippines' strong economic position is
reflected in the growth of malls, with the country emerging as a "global leader and trendsetter in shopping malls."
Shopping malls in the Philippines are more than just places to buy, eat, and watch movies. They're also where
Filipinos go to pay their bills. There is always something to do and see, as well as numerous shopping, entertainment,
and other options for filling their free time with the satisfaction they require as an escape from their daily struggles. In the
metro, businesses expand quickly, and those circumstances in real life coincide with a never-ending cycle of crises that
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leads to increasingly serious challenges in today's state. Traffic and pollution are two elements that have a negative
impact on public health and lead to poverty. People are fleeing urban regions as more of these issues arise, and they
prefer to relocate to a place with a sustainable natural-based community.
Other issues that could possibly occurs are the following:

 While malls have been considered as a sign of economic progress, clearly not everyone can afford all the
products and services they offer.
 Emblematic of an increasingly consumerist Filipino culture is the flourishing of shopping malls as public spaces
owned by private enterprises.
 Along with limited green spaces, Manila grapples with overpopulation and informal settlements. Not only is the
city the most densely populated in the world – at around 12,000 per square kilometer, twice the density of New
York City – but it is also home to an estimated 544,609 informal settler families.
 The pervasiveness of malls in the Philippines has transformed the country’s urban landscape. Connell aptly
comments that ‘malls and freeways are further forms of privatization and social segregation as the city has
become more fragmented and divided whilst public space diminishes’.
 Malls have boosted the economy by providing jobs and increasing consumption; however, they only create an
illusion of development, as these economic benefits do not reach the poor.
 As online shopping eventually replaced consumers’ fascination with indoor malls, it can be assumed that malls
may be doomed.
 Philippines lacks the necessary infrastructure (i.e. Internet connectivity) to sustain the e-commerce. The
Philippines lags behind the rest of Asia with an average Internet speed that is among the slowest in the world.
Internet fees in the Philippines are also the most expensive. A high-speed Internet service would cost P2,793
($57) a month, making it a 'luxury'.
The mall is a place where everything is available inside the mall's four corners. Practically everything a person
requires may now be obtained in a shopping center. Mall owners have also discovered innovative ways to entice more
tourists by constructing call centers and residences adjacent to them. SM Supermalls, which includes 70 malls in the
Philippines, is one of the country's largest mall chains. Other major mall chains such as Robinsons Malls, Megaworld
Lifestyle Malls and Gaisano Malls are also major chains.
The retail industry in the Philippines is an important contributor to the national economy. It employs some 5.25
million people, representing 18 percent of the Philippines' workforce. Retail sector accounts for 15 percent of Philippines'
total Gross National Product (GNP) and 33 percent of entire services sector. Retail tourism is one of the industries
severely hit by the Covid-19 outbreak as consumers opt to shop online rather than in malls. Consumers have lessened
their trips to malls and other areas with high foot traffic due to concerns over the spread of the coronavirus. That’s why
the occurrence of Lifestyle Shopping Mall nowadays that could reimagine the perception of consumers about shopping
malls could help to the economic growth of retail industry in the Philippines.
This type of projects has a great chance of becoming a new benchmark in the shopping and entertainment industry,
as well as a city in need of more development and new proposals that will improve the city's economic status and quality
of life. It will inspire others to create and deliver more distinct and diverse ideas since it will satisfy and provide people
with a unique commercial and entertainment experience while also providing them with an exploration supporting a
passive approach through current design.
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CHAPTER II – DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY

2.1 Significance of the Study

The proposed lifestyle shopping mall will promote and strengthen the city of Pallocan, Batangas’
economic growth. Mixed-use development is perhaps the best approach to single-use development's urban
difficulties. Many development approaches, such as traditional neighborhood development, transit-oriented
development, new urbanism, livable communities, and smart growth principles, all rely on it. As a successful
planning design technique, it is expanding transportation options, revitalizing local economies, and engaging
communities.
In planning terms, it is the practice of following more than one type of use in a building or set of
buildings in one block, which can mean a combination of residential, commercial, industrial, office, institutional,
or other land uses. It tends to create a shorter distance between work, residence, and recreation, which goes
a long way to improve the livelihood of the inhabitants. At the same time green architecture allows the design
process to incorporate green building concepts and sustainable design, resulting in cost, energy, and water
efficient structures that are both people-oriented and environmentally conscious.
This research can be used as a reference, as well as to get ideas and concepts for future research
on the issue. This research will help to disseminate crucial information on mixed-use developments and their
application to design. This study can be used by researchers to help improve Pallocan.

2.2 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are sectioned into two parts such as the project objectives and the design
objectives. This matter is presented for readers to perceive why the study is conducted.

2.2.1 Project Objectives

The project aims to build a Lifestyle Shopping Mall Integrate the mall site, to the extent possible, with
other community anchors such as cultural facilities, civic buildings, municipal parks, office concentrations, and
nearby street front retailing and restaurant clusters that will not only attain economic growth and dynamic
structures but also for the improvement of the surrounding area and the people around the locality. The study
aims:
2.2.1.1 To provide the facilities that the Lifestyle Shopping Mall composed of Mixed- Use Complex such as
cultural facilities, civic buildings, municipal parks, office concentrations, and nearby street front retailing and
restaurant clusters requires for becoming an iconic landmark in the region.
2.2.1.2 To ensure the long-term ecological sustainability of the site; and, in partnership with the community,
create an antisprawl, antipollution environment.
2.2.1.3 To create physical and functional connections between the mall site and the residential and commercial
properties beyond its borders.
2.2.1.4 To create additional job opportunities for local residents, thereby improving their economic condition
and quality of life.
2.2.1.5 To be part of the overall increase in revenue by enlisting the help of possible investors.
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2.2.2 Design Objectives

In general, the project's aim is to create a mixed-use complex with outstanding structures and
amenities using technology, a unique approach that will blend and adapt the building to its surroundings, and
basic design principles for sustainability and green design through contemporary design.
2.2.2.1 To provide a hard analysis of which development opportunities are financially realistic.
2.2.2.2 To gain a thorough awareness of the current and future competitive position of each site in the local
market.
2.2.2.3 To create a building with a sustainable design that will provide users with satisfaction, leisure, and
recreation while also setting a new standard in the shopping and entertainment business.
2.2.2.4 To devise the finest possible structure arrangement and efficient spaces for the lifestyle shopping mall
development's future residents on the entire site.
2.2.2.5 To create a structure that preserves the ambience of a location by using the available views, natural
resources, and environment into the design.
2.2.2.6 To come up with a contemporary architecture, through combining green building designs to become
cost, energy, and water efficient buildings.
2.2.2.7 To create functional and aesthetically pleasing design with long-lasting constructions that can withstand
natural disasters such as earthquakes.
2.2.2.8 To create a project that help reduce Coronavirus transmission or immediate preventative that can take
to reduce the risk of infection:
Increase ventilation: While recirculating air has become the norm in modern buildings, ventilation
with fresh air is critical for reducing disease transmission rates and neutralizing airborne toxins.
Another alternative for buildings without heating and ventilation systems is to simply open windows
to let in more outside air.
Post educational handwashing signage: Hands should be washed often with soap and water for
at least 20 seconds, according to health officials.
Strengthen cleaning protocols: Another feasible alternative is to modify cleaning processes to
match the demands of the current circumstance. Increase the frequency of cleaning, restock cleaning
supplies ahead of time, and keep hand soap, hand sanitizer, paper towels, and tissues on hand in
the bathrooms.
Maintain optimal humidity: Viruses appear to do better in low-humidity environments, according to
evidence. Buildings can enhance humidity by purchasing and installing portable humidifiers
throughout, or by adjusting heating and ventilation systems to maintain an appropriate range of 40
to 60 percent.
Filter indoor air: While modifications to air filtration procedures may take longer to execute, this
strategy is worth noting since it can assist property managers, architects, and engineers in planning
for the future. Filtration of recirculated air, according to research, may be useful in preventing the
transmission of airborne infectious diseases. According to research, using recirculated air with HEPA
filters reduces particulate concentration in indoor air to the same extent as using a full outside air
system under certain situations.
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2.3. Statement of the Problem

The problems for this study included five major problems and 5 minor problems which were
structured to further offer insights to the major problem.
2.3.1. Major Problem
2.3.1.1 What are the necessary features for a lifestyle shopping mall that could promote comfort and a
congenial experience for the users?
2.3.1.2 What design is best suitable to the demands of the community of Pallocan?
2.3.1.3 What are the elements that could influence the design and development of the proposed project if the
study is pursued?
2.3.1.4 What would the proposed project's consequences be on the location and the people of Pallocan?
2.3.1.5 How will the project be able to resist the possibility natural calamities like earthquakes?

2.3.2 Minor Problems

2.3.2.1 The proposed project is being affected by the existing competition around the locality. How will the
proposed project differentiate itself from the rest?
2.3.2.2 What are the conveniences needed to ensure the public a more comfortable and greater purchasing
point?
2.3.2.3 What are the external factors that will influence the structure's design?
2.3.2.4 How can the project sustain the long-term ecological sustainability while maintaining COVID-19
community guidelines in Pallocan?
2.3.2.5 What protection and stability precautions would be taken to ensure that users' safety?

2.4 Theoretical Framework

“Even the smallest design should always scream transparency to its people.”
Architecture have and always been playing a huge part on the economic growth of the society, and
even a tremendous impact on its occupants. Starting from the simple layout to the finishes of the materials, it
all can contribute to the mood, health and productivity of users. However, we've all had the sensation of walking
into a room that seems exactly perfect. It's not just practical, but it also speaks to you on a deeper,
subconscious level. Nonetheless, architecture is more than the physical output of any building, it is mere
representation of how we see ourselves and how can we to tap into that emotional connection, as they both
relate to the experience of experiencing architecture.
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2.5 Conceptual Framework

Problems Encountered Principles of Green Architecture

Major Problems: 1. Materials manufactured with resource efficient

1. Design Approach processes
2. Related Industries 2. Natural, abundant or renewable materials
3. Planning Strategies 3. Locally available
4. Effects of the Proposed 4. Moisture resistant products
Project 5. Water and energy conserving materials
5. Natural Calamities 6. Low environmental impact and conservation of natural
characteristics
Minor Problems: 7. Low maintenance costs
1. Existing Competition 8. Indoor environmental quality
Around the Locality 9. Energy, water and material efficiency
2. Amenities Needed
3. External Factors
4. Long-term Ecological
Sustainability
5. Stability Precautions

Design Concept:  Provides the welfare and

comfort of users
“Defying Levels”  Perfect indication for
recreational activities
“Contemporary
Approach through  Promotes environmental
preservation
Green Architecture”
 Indicates design
sustainability

 Meets the demands of

consumers

 An eye for tourist due to

design approach that is
lively and continuous

Input Process Output

The purpose of this research, titled "Contemporary Approach through Green Architecture: A
Proposed Lifestyle Shopping Mall in Pallocan East, Batangas City" was to demonstrate the value of nature,
social areas, and time in people's daily lives. It is intended to serve as a model development for the City of
Batangas and the surrounding area. The development is planned to meet the growing needs of today's
metropolitan community while maintaining a green aesthetic through contemporary design. Providing a
sustainable design and incorporating green building concepts to create buildings that are cost, energy, and
water efficient. It will be environmentally conscious development with commercial and entertainment services.
It will be known to local and foreign visitors, allowing it to contribute to the economy of Pallocan, Batangas,
resulting in the city's economic prosperity.
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2.6 Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on the proposed mixed-use development which includes physical, environmental,
social and economic aspect of the project.

This study is composed of the following:

1. Analysis of related literature, locally and abroad
2. Development of site and landscaping
3. Architectural Planning and Design

Delimitations
The proponent concentrated their research on architectural features, but they included important
details to reinforce the concept or as needed. Unless supporting details were provided to support the design
concept, this study was limited on details regarding engineering works such as detailed mechanical, electrical,
structural, seismic analysis on the reaction of the structure to earthquake, plumbing, sanitary designs, and
specifications writing of materials used.
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CHAPTER III – DATA PRESENTAION

3.1 Data Sources
Internet
The researcher was aided greatly by the use of the internet, which is the most innovative and modern method
of searching, in locating relevant literature and case studies for the proposed subject. The researcher looked at a number
of websites that were relevant to the proposed lifestyle shopping mall. There are numerous reasons why the internet has
become a more reliable news source than traditional media. In comparison to the limits that come with other news
sources, the internet has become a superior alternative because it gives the reader with a variety of news sources,
providing the user with enough information to enable him to make his own judgements.
The research will contribute to a large number of implications for future development studies. In identifying
theories, the research necessitates a well-organized data collection process. Because the study might be economical
and time efficient, the study analysis design includes a direct user observation.

3.2 Data Presentation

With all of the relevant information and the analysis process, the proponent identifies the factors to consider while
planning and developing the proposed project. As a summary, daily transactions involving the utilization of project
proposals and evaluation of natural elements and resources will have a significant impact on planning preparation.

 Proper utilization of the space demand through architectural programming and space analysis will enable the
proponent in comprehending the linked areas, resulting in good traffic flow both inside and outside the
structure.
 Design approaches for complex learning and other relevant details regarding the project are also required.
 The site's actual location contributes proper planning and design of the proposal, it is important to consider its
upsides and downsides for the proposed project.
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3.2.1 Site Analysis

3.2.1.1 MACRO SITE

The site is located in Brgy. Pallocan East,

Batangas City along with Batangas-
Tabangao-Road

Figure 1 - Philippine Map

Source: https://www.philembassy.org.au/the-philippines/map

Location, Boundaries, Land Area

The Republic of the Philippines is a 7,107-island archipelago located north of the equator on the western
margin of the Pacific Ocean. The Bashi Channel separates the country's northern half from Taiwan. The Philippine Sea
borders it on the east, the Celebes Sea on the south, and the South China Sea on the west. Australia is approximately
6,290 kilometers away, or seven hours by plane from Sydney to Manila, the Philippines' capital city. The entire amount
of land is approximately 298,170 square kilometers (114,830 square miles).
Topography
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao are the three major islands that make up the Philippines. Luzon is the largest
island, followed by Mindanao and the Visayas. Panay, Samar, Cebu, Leyte, and Bohol are among the 6,000 islands that
make up the Visayan area. Mindanao is made up of around 400 islands. From north to south, the islands are nearly
1,850 kilometers long and almost 1,127 kilometers long. All of the islands' coasts are exceedingly uneven, stretching for
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a total of 36,289 kilometers. The Philippines is a hilly country with volcanic origins. Mountain ranges span north to south,
parallel to the beaches and adjoining them in several places. The Sierra Madre, Cordillera Central, Caraballo Mountains,
and Zambales Mountains are among Luzon's mountains. The Diwata Mountains and mountain ranges in southern
Mindanao, including Mount Apo (a volcano) at 2,954 meters, are located in the Philippines' second biggest island,
Mindanao.
Seismic activity is common on the islands, which are home to 20 active volcanoes. The most recent volcanic
eruptions were in 1993 (Mayon Volcano in the Bicol Region, southeastern Luzon, which had been inactive for 600 years)
and June 1991 and July 1992 (Mayon Volcano in the Bicol Region, southeastern Luzon, which had been dormant for
600 years) (Mount Pinatubo, central Luzon). The terrain of the larger islands is more varied, with rivers, expansive plains,
and level, fertile valleys in the interior. The Cagayan Valley (an 80-kilometer-wide plain), the Central Plain (which
stretches from Lingayen Gulf to Manila Bay), the Cagayan River (the longest river in Luzon), the Abra River, Chico River,
the large Laguna de Bay, Agno River, Pampanga River, and Bicol River are all located on the island of Luzon. The
Mindanao Valley (the greatest lowland area), the Agusan River, and the Rio Grande de Mindanao are all found in
Mindanao (known in its upper course as the Pulangi).
Climate
The Philippines lies within the tropics and has a mean annual temperature of about 27ºC. Rainfall averages
2030 millimeters per year in the lowlands. On most islands of the Philippines, the rain season occurs during the summer
monsoon, from May to November, when the wind blows from the southwest; the dry season occurs during the winter
monsoon, from December to April, when the wind blows from the northeast. From June to October, typhoons sometimes
appear in the Philippines.
Natural Resources
The Philippines has roughly 19 percent arable land and 46% forests and woods. It possesses abundant mineral
deposits, including gold, copper, iron, chromite, manganese, salt, and coal, in addition to forest resources. Silver, lead,
mercury, limestone, petroleum, nickel, and uranium are among the other minerals.
In coastal marshes, mangrove trees and nipa palms flourish, and coarse grasses cover much of the uplands.
Banyan, palm, and rubber trees grow in the forests, as do indigenous hard wood trees such the apitong, yakal, lauan,
camagong, ipil, narra, and mayapis. Bamboo, clove, and pepper plants, as well as a variety of orchid species, can all be
found in the wild. The fiber material from abaca or Manila hemp is used to make cordage, textiles, and headgear.
The carabao, a domesticated water buffalo, many kinds of deer, wild and domesticated pigs, the mongoose,
and a variety of humped cattle are among the most important animal species. There are many reptiles on the islands,
and there are around 760 bird species, including beautiful parrots. Coastal waters are teeming with marine life, especially
mollusks, which the Philippines is known for. The famous glossy Sulu pearls are derived from pearl oysters gathered in
the Sulu Archipelago.

Major Cities
Manila, the capital city, is the country's chief port and main commercial center.
The last official census in 1990 showed that Manila proper had a population 1,601,234, while the greater
metropolitan area had 7,948,398. Quezon City, which forms part of the Manila metropolitan area, holds a population of
1,669,776, and served as the country's capital from 1948 to 1976. Davao, a provincial capital and seaport, contains
843,607 people. Cebu, a seaport and trade center for the agricultural and coal-mining industries, has 610,417 people.
Zamboanga, also a seaport has 442,000.
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Figure 2 – Map of Region 4A

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/region4ppadoj/regional-
mapmap
CaLaBaRZon (Region IV-A) is one of the Philippines' 17 regions, located in the southwest of the island of
Luzon. Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon are the five provinces that cover 18 cities, 124 municipalities, and
3,985 barangays (excluding barangays of the cities). It has a total land size of 16,560 square kilometers and, as of 2015,
was the country's most populous region. Due to the entry and growth of large industrial and economic prospects, the
region has experienced fast urbanization and is now known as the country's industrial hub.
In 2015, the population of CALABARZON was 14.4 million, 1.53 million more than the population of the National
Capital Region (NCR). The population of the region is predicted to double by 2042, at a rate far quicker than that of the
Philippines and the NCR, with an annual growth rate of 2.58 percent between 2010 and 2015. It has a population density
of 888 people per square kilometer, which is substantially lower than the NCR's 20,247 people per square kilometer,
indicating that it has room to grow. The rapid population mobility is most noticeable in places that are rapidly urbanizing
and industrializing, such as Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal (NEDA, 2017).
CALABARZON's average contribution to the Philippine economy from 2010 to 2015 was 16 percent, second
only to NCR's 38 percent. Since 2011, the region's gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita has increased at
an annual rate of 3.17 percent on average. The region's per capita GRDP was PHP 92,285 in 2015, which was greater
than the Philippines' PHP 74,770. CALABARZON has the second highest per capita GRDP, and the region's consistent
economic performance is reflected in the increasing growth of the per capita GRDP. Because of its strategic location,
large population, manufacturing hubs, and plentiful agricultural supply, as well as the presence of major colleges and
foreign research organizations, CALABARZON continues to draw investment. It is attracting new inhabitants to new
township developments that have good schools and modern medical services. The region also has the highest
concentration of Filipinos working abroad, whose remittances help to support the local economy.
The total land area of Batangas province is 316,581 hectares (3,165.81 square kilometers). It is the second
largest province in the region, covering almost 20% of the total geographical area of the CALABARZON. Its coastal parts
have a peculiar cove-like shape and are located in the province's south-eastern corner. It is largely made up of gently
sloping to steeply slope hills, with a few mountainous sections thrown in for good measure.
 P a g e | 12

Cavite province, located at the southern end of Rizal province, with a total land area of 128,755 hectares
(1,287.55 square kilometers). It accounts for around 8% of the CALABARZON's total land area. It is defined by rolling
hinterlands interrupted by hills, with shoreland fronting Manila Bay at sea level and the mountainous area along Batangas'
border where the Dos Picos mountains are found.
The total land area of Laguna province is 175,973 hectares (1,759.73 square kilometers). It is the third-largest
province in the region, covering around 11% of the CALABARZON's total land area. It is an inland province that
encompasses the majority of the Laguna de Bay Region, including the Laguna Lake, the country's largest inland lake
and Southeast Asia's second-largest freshwater. It is characterized by flat and rugged terrain with a slope that ranges
from flat to severe.
The total land area of Quezon province is 870,660 hectares, or 8,706.60 square kilometers. It is the largest
province in CALABARZON, accounting for 54 percent of the region's total land area. Its topography, on the other hand,
is mountainous, with few plains, valleys, and wetlands. The coast's rolling lowlands are well-drained. With an average
width of around 30 kilometers, the province is somewhat narrow.
Rizal province has a total land area of 130,892 hectares (3,308.92 square kilometers), accounting for around
8% of CALABARZON's total land area. Its geography is a mix of valleys and mountains, with flat low-lying sections on
the west and rocky ridges and rolling hills in the east, all of which are part of the Sierra Madre ranges.

Figure 3 – Map of Batangas City

Source: https://gbacbmg13.wordpress.com/2017/02/10/first-blog-post/

Batangas is a Philippine province in the CALABARZON region, in the middle part of the island of Luzon. The
city of Batangas serves as the country's capital. The province covers 3,115.05 square kilometers (1,202.73 square miles)
of territory. The population was 2,908,494 according to the 2020 Census. This accounted for 17.96% of the
CALABARZON region's total population, 4.68 percent of the Luzon island group's overall population, and 2.67 percent
of the Philippines' total population. According to these estimates, the population density is 934 people per square
kilometer or 2,418 people per square mile.
The City of Batangas is a beachfront city in the south-eastern part of Batangas Province, with topographic
coordinates of 13 degrees, 45 minutes, and 25.96 seconds north longitude and 121 degrees, 3 minutes, and 29.2
seconds east longitude. The area of San Pascual borders it on the northwest; the district of San Jose borders it on the
 P a g e | 13

north; the regions of Ibaan, Taysan, and Lobo border it on the east; and the Batangas Bay borders it on the south.
Batangas City, the capital of Batangas Province, covers an area of around 28,541.44 hectares. It is approximately 112.00
kilometers from Manila and takes approximately two (2) hours to travel along the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR).
The City of Batangas organizes trade, money, education, and medical administrations for the majority of the region. It
has one of the country's largest oil refineries, Pilipinas Shell, and three regular gas power plants, Keilco, First Gas, and
Malampaya On-Shore Gas Plant, serving as a hub for trade and exchange. San Miguel Food Corporation, JG Summit
Petrochemical Corp., Universal Robina Corp., Himmel Industries Inc., Chemphil Bulk Terminal, San Lorenzo Power
Plant, and First Philippine Industrial Corp. are some of the other legitimate businesses. It is the inside for education, with
three of the area's largest universities, and more International Schools have recently chosen the City as their grounds
locations.
According to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, the population of Batangas is 2,908,494 people as
of May 1, 2020, excluding Filipinos in Philippine embassies, consulates, and missions abroad (2020 CPH). Batangas'
population density in 2020 was 934 people per square kilometer, with a total land area of around 3,115.05 square
kilometers. The population density has increased by 69 people per square kilometer (7.9%) from 2015, when it was 865
people per square kilometer. In 2010, each square kilometer of land had 763 people living in it. Batangas will have four
component cities and 30 municipalities by 2020.
Lipa City, with 372,931 residents, was the largest of the four cities in terms of population. Batangas City came
in second with 351,437 people, followed by Sto. Tomas with 218,500, and Tanauan with 193,936. Tingloy, with a
population of 19,215 people, had the smallest population. With a population density of 2,290 people per square kilometer,
Sto. Tomas was the most densely populated of the cities. This result is about two times greater than the provincial
population density of 977 people per square kilometer.
Apart from the City of Sto. Tomas, sixteen (16) other cities/municipalities in the province exceeded the
provincial population density of 934 people per square kilometer in 2020. Taal (2,065 people per square kilometer),
Malvar (1,951 people per square kilometer), Tanauan (1,810 people per square kilometer), Lipa (1,781 people per square
kilometer), and Bauan (1,781 people per square kilometer) were the top five (1,704 persons per square kilometer). With
2,065 people per square kilometer of land, Taal was the most densely populated. Malvar has a population density of
1,951 people per square kilometer, Bauan has 1,704 people per square kilometer, Talisay has 1,640 people per square
kilometer, and Mataasnakahoy has 1,558.
With 233 people per square kilometer of land, Lobo was the most sparsely inhabited municipality. San Juan
came in second with 417 people per square kilometer, followed by Taysan (429 people per square kilometer), Nasugbu
(490 people per square kilometer), and Tuy (491 people per square kilometer). Darasa, City of Tanauan, has the greatest
population among the 1,078 barangays in Batangas, with 23,987 people, followed by San Vicente, City of Sto. Tomas,
with 23,335 people, and Sabang, City of Lipa, with 22,153.
Brgy. Baha in Calatagan has the smallest population of the Top 10 least inhabited barangays in the province,
with only 6 persons, followed by Brgy. 22 (Pob) in Batangas City with 94 residents and Brgy. 16 (Pob) in Batangas City
with 101 residents. Brgys. 16 and 17 in Batangas City, Poblacion 7 in Taal, PoblacionBrgy. 1 in San Jose, District III
(Pob) Lemery, Bgy 15 (Pob) and Maapas in Batangas City, and Calumayin in Cuenca are among the least inhabited
barangays.
Location
Bounded on the north by the province of Cavite, on the northeast and east by the province of Laguna and
Quezon respectively, on the south by Verde Island passages and on the west by the China Sea.
Land Area: 316,581 has. or 3,165.81 sq. kms.
Percentage to CALABARZON’s Land Area: 18.8%
Municipalities: 31
Number of Barangays: 1,078
Number of Congressional District: 6
First District: 8 Municipalities
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Second District: 6 Municipalities

Third District: 11 Municipalities and 1 City
Fourth District: 6 Municipalities
Fifth District: 1 City

The Capitol Building

Located in Batangas City, construction began in 1926 and completed in 1928 under the late Governor Modesto
Castillo during World War II. It was reconstructed in 1946, yet was destroyed by a bomb explosion in 1950, so it was
again reconstructed in the same year by Governor Feliciano P. Leviste.
Slope and Topography: The terrain of Batangas Province is mostly elevated lands, rolling hills, small low flat
lands and numerous mountains. Some of the prominent mountains in the province are Lobo Mountains in Lobo, Batulao
in Tuy, Panay in Mabini, Makulot in Cuenca, Banoy and Pinamucan in Batangas City, Susong Dalaga in Lipa City, San
Pedrino in Southwestern Balayan, Los PIcos and Pico de Loro in Nasugbu and Compradia in between San Juan and
Rosario. Generally, Batangas has rolling terrain with some 50% of its land area having a grade of less than 15º. Slopes
are found along the shores of Verde Island Passage and Taal Lake. Mt. Makulot has an average of 957 meters above
sea level.
Climate and Rainfall: Batangas has two typs of climate: Type I and Type II. Type I has two pronounced
seasons; dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Type II has distinct seasons; however, it is
relatively dry from November to April and wet during the remaining months. The climate of Batangas is generally cool
and the air is humid. This varies, however, according to topography of the locality. May is the hottest month and the
coldest is February.
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Figure 4 : Map of The City of Batangas

Source: Official Website of Batangas City

About the City

The city is classified as a Regional Growth Center in Region 4A. Under the mandate of the Medium Term Philippine
Development Plan and the Eco-Zone Act of 1995, the city has also been identified as a Regional Agro-Industrial Center and Special
Economic Zone. Aside from its harbor, Batangas City also serves as an alternate commercial hub for Southern Luzon and
Metropolitan Manila. The completion of the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX)
make travelling to Batangas City faster, safer and more convenient.

History of the City

Spanish missionaries first set foot in Batangas City in 1572. The settlement was founded in 1581 and named “Batangan”
because of the numerous big logs that abounded the Calumpang River. The logs were called “batang” by the natives who settled
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near the river and called the settlement “Batangan”. This name was modified into Batangas in 1601 when Don Agustin Casilao
was appointed as the first Gobernadorcillo. Batangas became a city in 1969 through RA 5945.

Historically, Pallocan East, where the site is located, is a barrio about a kilometer away from the Poblacion is composed
of two sectors, namely: Pallocan Silangan and Pallocan Kanluran. The two are separated from each other by a small brook called
"ilat. The foundation of these barrio could be traced way back during the Spanish regime when the unit of the government of four
ancestors was still the "Barangay”. It was the early settlers who named it Pallocan, a name patterned after "palayok," the products
that these people produced.

PHYSICAL / NATURAL / ENVIRONMENT / LAND USE

Terrestrial Environment

1. Geographical Boundaries and Land Area

The City of Batangas is a coastal city lying in a cove like shape at the southeastern portion of Batangas
Province. It is bounded on the northwest by the municipality of San Pascual; on the north by the municipality of San Jose;
on the east by the municipalities of Ibaan, Taysan and Lobo; and on the south by the Batangas Bay. The capital of
Batangas Province has a total land area of more or less 28,541.44 hectares. It is about 108.00 kilometers away from
Manila and has an average travel time of approximately one hour forty-five minutes through the Southern Tagalog Arterial
Road (STAR).

The Barangay of Pallocan East is located at the Eastern portion of Batangas. It is bounded by its neighboring
barangays, Gulod Itaas to the north, Sampaga to the east, Pallocan West to the west and Libjo to the south. The barangay
is approximately 4.3 kilometers away from Batangas City. It is made up of 6 purok/sitios, all of which cover 184.5364 of
land area. The principal access routes to Pallocan East coming from the north is via the Gov Antonio Carpio Rd. and
from the west via the Batangas-Tabangao-Lobo Rd.

2. Geology and Geomorphology

 Mineral Resources
Several mineral resources can be found in the city and some of the deposits have not yet been extracted.
Traces of metallic minerals like gold and non-metallic minerals like gypsum are being detected in the mountainous area of
barangays Sto. Domingo and Cumba respectively. Salt beds originally existed abundantly in barangays Sta. Clara and
Malitam but rapid urbanization and the expansion/development of the Batangas Port likewise resulted in the end of this
industry.
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 Soil Types

Types of Soil Location

1. Taal Sandy Sta. Rita Karsada, Sta. Rita Aplaya, Sta. Clara and Cuta
Loam

2. Hydrosoil Calicanto and Wawa

3. Calumpang Clay Libjo, Poblacion and Pallocan Kanluran

Loam

4. Ibaan Clay Pinamucan, Mahabang Dahilig, Malalim, Sirang Lupa, Conde, Talumpok, Kanluran/Silangan, Sto.
Loam Niño, Tulo, Paharang Kanluran/Silangan

5. Ibaan Loam Balete, Concepcion, Bucal, Mahabang Parang, Sorosoro Karsada/Ibaba/Ilaya, Tingga
Labac/Itaas, Banaba, Balagtas, Alangilan, Bolbok, Kumintang Ilaya/Ibaba, San Pedro, Dumantay,
Dalig, Gulod Labac/Itaas, Sampaga, San Isidro, Tabangao Ambulong and Tabangao Aplaya

6. Ibaan Loam Talumpok Kanluran/Silangan, Conde Labac/Itaas, San Miguel, Sto. Niño, Tabangao Dao,
(Gravely Phase) Haligue, Talahib Payapa, Talahib Pandayan, Mabacong, Ilijan and Dela Paz Proper/Aplaya/Pulot
Itaas

7. Sibul Clay Isla Verde

Table 1: Representation of Soil Types in Batangas City

Source: Official Website of Batangas City

Pedologic surveys identify seven (7) types of soil that composed the land area of Batangas City. Given that
Pallocan East is bounded by Gulod Itaas to the north, Sampaga to the east, Pallocan West to the west and Libjo to the
south, its soil composition is no different from those of its neighboring barangays. A combination of Ibaan Loam and
Calumpang Clay Loam is the soil type found in Pallocan East.

3. Topography, Slope and Elevation

SLOPE CATEGORY LAND AREA % OF TOTAL

Main River 122.29 0.43%

0%- 3% 2,253.39 7.90%

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3% - 8% 4,505.76 15.79%

8%- 15% 10,127.99 35.49%

15% - 25% 1,772.42 6.21%

25% - 50% 3,609.32 12.65%

Above 50% 6,150.27 21.55%

TOTAL 28,541.44 100.00%

Table 2: Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution

Source: Official Website of Batangas City

Batangas City has a rolling terrain that ranges from 0% to 30% in slope. Its highest point is Mount Banoy in Barangay
Talumpok Silangan which is 968 meters above sea level and about 13.50 kilometers east of the Poblacion. The city’s coastal
barangays starting from Sta. Rita Aplaya from the north down to Tabangao Ambulong on the south are nearly level at 0% to 3%.

In the east beyond the barangays of Mabacong, Simlong and Pinamucan Ibaba, thes slope rises from 8% to 30%. The
Matuco Point at the southwest tip of the city along the Batangas Bay has a slope of 30%. To the immediate south is Verde Island
composed of six (6) barangays which is mountainous and with a slope ranging from 3% to 30%.

4. Atmospheric Characteristics

Table 3: Graph of the Monthly Average Rainfall in

Batangas City
Source: World Weather Online - Batangas City
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Table 4: Graph of the Monthly Average Temperature in Batangas City

Source: World Weather Online - Batangas City
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Table 5: Graph of the Monthly Average Humidity in Batangas City

Source: World Weather Online - Batangas City

 Climate

Batangas City is within the area classified as Type I under the Modified Coronas Climate Classification System.
Type I climate has two pronounced seasons: relatively dry from December to April and wet from May to November. The
maximum rainy period is from June to October.

 Rainfall
Data shows that the driest months in Batangas City are from January to April, with the average monthly rainfall of
less than 30 mm per month. Come May or June to the later part of October, the southwest monsoon, locally known as
“habagat” prevails bringing with it considerable rain. A pronounced maximum rain period occurs in the city during the months
of June, July, September and October. The northeast monsoon or locally known as “amihan” prevails starting the months of
November up to April.
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 Temperature

Batangas City is generally coolest during the months of December to January with temperature ranging from 22ºC
to 24ºC. The mean temperature rises and attains a maximum of 36 degrees Celsius (36ºC) in April and May. The month of
September marks the steady fall of temperature.
By the latter part of October, the northeast monsoon starts to set again. However, the months from October to
December are not characterized by dry weather as compared to the months from January to April. This is partly due to the
fact that typhoons and depressions most frequently affect the city during the months from July to December and in some
instances because of the effect of climate change

 Humidity

The mean annual average humidity is 75 percent. The highest level is normally during the months of October to
December with a monthly mean above 75 percent and the lowest is in May with only 66 percent.

 Wind Direction

The two wind systems of the Northeast Monsoon (October to April) and Southwest Monsoon (May to October) affect
the city every year. The Northeast Monsoon originates from the asiatic winter anti cyclones and attains maximum strength in
January. On the other hand, the Southwest monsoon originates from the Indian Ocean. The annual average wind speed is 3
m/sec.

 Cloudiness

Light characteristics affect plant growth and development particularly in terms of photosynthesis or the
transformation of carbon dioxide to oxygen. Long cloudy periods reduce the productivity of some crops. Cloud cover in
Batangas City is highest in the month of October and the lowest is in March. As the City is along the Batangas Bay, it is more
humid than cloudy compared to the rest of the province.

 Air Quality

At present, air quality within Batangas City is relatively good. Although, it is also hot due to its location by the bay
and the absence of mountain ranges. It may also be attributed to the fact that almost half of the area is not urbanized with a
relatively small number of industries.

5. Urban Environment Quality

 Air Quality Management

The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 mandated local government units to take the responsibility in the management
and maintenance of air quality within their territorial jurisdiction. Among the important provisions of the law that the City should
 P a g e | 22

implement are: (1) prohibition of smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and
other means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one’s private residence, private place of work or any duly
designated smoking area, and (2) prohibition of burning of municipal waste.
Although though the city currently has a relatively small number of industries, the city is prone to experiencing poor
air quality if no preventive actions will be done. Especially with the increasing mass of vehicles, strict implementation of
emission standards for motor vehicles, and intensified anti-smoke belching operations and stack emission testing program of
industrial facilities must be done to ensure that the air quality of the city will be maintained at healthy levels.

 Water Quality Management

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA 9275) aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from
land-based sources namely industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community as household activities. It
provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
Given that the city holds the Batangas Pier, a seaport primarily serving Region 4A, the bodies of water is likely to
be exposed with harmful substances due to the port’s surrounding infrastructures. Despite the pandemic’s effect of less
travelling, deliveries and other business transactions are still held and so strict compliance regarding RA 9275 must be
ensured to protect its resources from pollution.
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Geological Hazards

Figure 5.0
Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Map of Batangas City
Source: https://www.batangashistory.date/2018/09/flood-hazard.html

Figure 6.0 Rain Induced Landslide Hazard Map of Batangas Province

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Source: National Mapping and Resource Information Authority

Earthquake- Induced Hazard Map of CALABARZON (Batangas Province)

Source: Calabarzon Regional Development Council
Flooding and Landslides
The city’s flood and landslide susceptibility map shown that Hillslope areas, mostly located on the southern
part of the city, are the most vulnerable to landslides, according to the UPLB study. This is evidenced by tension cracks
which may be observed in Barangay Conde Labak’s road networks and houses. Low-lying barangays of Santa Rita
Aplaya, Santa Clara, Cuta, Wawa, and Libjo, are the most vulnerable to flooding and may be severely affected by storm
surges. There are two types of flooding observed in the city: inland and coastal flooding. Barangays that were included
in the study for inland flooding are Sirang Lupa, Libjo, Pallocan, and Tinga, while the barangays Cuta and Wawa were
assessed for coastal flooding.
Natural and Geophysical Hazards
The most common hazards in the city are floods, typhoons, urban fires, oil and chemical spillage, sea tragedies,
lightning, and landslides. Its vulnerability to hazards can be attributed to its topography, which includes mountainous,
coastal, and island barangays. Batangas City, an industrialized coastal city in the Philippines, is not exempted from the
adverse impacts of the changing climate. Although its geographical orientation in the western side of the country
generally spares it from the onslaught of most tropical cyclones, it is listed as one of the cities to have threatened
economies since its economic drivers can be paralyzed when stronger typhoons hit the country. More storms enter the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and the city's "proximity to the sea and the dependence of the economy to fishing
makes it vulnerable to impacts like rising sea levels, storm surges, warmer sea surface temperatures, and ocean
acidification. The biodiversity-rich Verde Island part of the city is also at risk.

Demographics
Population: Levels, growth, distribution and movements
The first recorded population of Pallocan East was in 1990 with 1,038 inhabitants. The population of Pallocan East grew
from 1,038 in 1990 to 3,286 in 2020, an increase of 2,248 people over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures in 2020
denote a positive growth rate of 2.40%, or an increase of 350 people, from the previous population of 2,936 in 2015.
 P a g e | 25

Historical Growth of POPULATION AAGR21

Population in Pallocan East
YEAR
1990 1,038 -
1995 1,164 2.17%
2000 1,400 4.04%
2007 1,917 4.43%
2010 2,026 2.03%
2015 2,936 7.32%
2020 3,286 2.40%

Historical Growth of Population in Pallocan East

Source: https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/batangas/batangas-city/pallocan-silangan.html

Projected Population 1990 – 2020

Source: https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/batangas/batangas-city/pallocan-silangan.html
Barangay Population
Batangas City is a coastal component city in the province of Batangas. It serves as the provincial capital. The city has a
land area of 282.96 square kilometers or 109.25 square miles which constitutes 9.08% of Batangas's total area. Its population as
determined by the 2020 Census was 351,437. This represented 12.08% of the total population of Batangas province, or 2.17% of
the overall population of the CALABARZON region. Batangas City, officially the City of Batangas is a 1st class component city in
the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 351,437 people.

BARANGAYS WITH HIGHEST POPULATION

2015 2020
Population Population
Sta.Rita Karsada 18,276 Santa Rita Karsada 20,321
Alangilan 14,979 Alangilan 15,669
Bolbok 13,270 Cuta 14,071
Sta. Clara 12,201 Santa Clara 12,843
Libjo 12,190 Bolbok 12,788
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Cuta 11,848 Libjo 12,256

Calicanto 10,893 Kumintang Ilaya 10,900
Lumintang Ilaya 10,772 Calicanto 10,769
Balete 10,052 Balete 10,520
Balagtas 10,009 Balagtas 10,214
Kumintang Ibaba 9,171 Kumintang Ibaba 9,162

BARANGAYS WITH LOWEST POPULATION

2015 2020
Population Population
San Antonio, Isla Verde 996 San Antonio, Isla Verde 943
Kumba 992 San Andres, Isla Verde 893
San Agustin Kanluran, 899 Mahacot Silangan 772
Isla Verde
San Agustin Silangan, 762 Barangay 1 771
Isla Verde
Barangay 2 744 San Agustin Silangan, Isla 720
Verde
Mahacot Silangan 741 Catandala 706
Barangay 1 715 Barangay 23 698
Barangay 7 712 Mahacot Kanluran 695
Barangay 23 701 Barangay 21 680
Barangay 11 696 San Agustin Kanluran, Isla 669
Verde
Barangay 21 693 Liponpon, Isla Verde 664

Barangay with highest to Lowest Population

Source: https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/batangas/batangas-city.html
The population of Batangas City grew from 33,131 in 1903 to 351,437 in 2020, an increase of 318,306 people over the
course of 117 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a positive growth rate of 1.34%, or an increase of 21,563 people,
from the previous population of 329,874 in 2015.

Age-Sex Pyramid of household population (2017)

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Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Total population by Specific Age group
Under 1 52,821
1-4 222,790
5–9 267,393
10 - 14 260,392
15 – 64 1,750,563
65 and over 140,376
18 and over (Voting Age) 1,732,347
60 and over (Senior citizens) 216,699

Total Population by Specific Age group

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

2015 2018
Barangay Total Male Female Total Male Female
Urban 205,306 103,385 101,921 217,522 109,537 107,985
(48)
Rural (57) 124,568 63,109 61,459 131,980 66,864 65,116
Total 329,874 166,494 163,494 349,502 176,401 173,101
(105)

City Urban- Rural population

Source: https://www.batangascity.gov.ph/web/about-the-city/city-profile/social-aspects
Level of Urbanization
In addition to the 24 barangays in the Poblacion are the 24 urbanizing barangays, namely; Alangilan, Balagtas, Banaba
South, Bolbok, Calicanto, Cuta, Gulod Itaas, Gulod Labac, Ilijan, Kumintang Ibaba, Kumintang Ilaya, Libjo, Mahabang Parang,
Malitam, Pallocan Kanluran, Pallocan Silangan, Sampaga, San Isidro, Sta. Clara, Sta. Rita Aplaya, Sta. Rita Karsada, Tinga Labac
and Wawa. These barangays are situated within the immediate periphery of the poblacion. Urban population is 217,522 while
rural population is 131,980 representing 62.24% and 37.76% respectively of the total city population.
Poverty Indicators
The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), the country’s statistical authority, quietly opened the month of
August with the release of results of what it calls the Small Area Poverty Estimates. That dataset covered the year 2009, and it
was the second release of the SAE (the first covering the year 2003 but released in 2005). The 2009 result showed that almost
half of the Philippines, 1,643 cities and municipalities have poverty incidence rates ranging from 32.1 to 60 percent of their
populations. Then here comes the surprise resulting when comparing 2009 versus 2003 SAE results: all the poverty incidence
rates in the cities and municipalities of Batangas went down.

Land Use Map

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Figure 7.0 Land Use Map

Source: Land Use and Zoning Information System
General Land Use
According to the City's current Land Use Plan, the top three priorities are the following: (1) Ecological Development areas
(37.66"/o), (2) Agriculture (28.53"/o), and (3) General Development areas ( 13.87"/o)Batangas City is classified as one of the fastest
urbanizing province of the Philippines, and is known as the "Industrial Port City of CALABARZON". It is home to the Batangas
International Port, one of the busiest passenger and container terminals in the Philippines. It also hosts one of the largest oil
refineries in the country, three natural gas power plants, and several other major industries. In addition, the city also serves as the
educational, industrial and the transportation center of the province. Batangas City lies in the southernmost part of Batangas,
facing Batangas Bay. It is bordered by San Jose to the north, Verde Island Passage to the south, Ibaan, Taysan, and Lobo to the
east, and San Pascual to the west. The Calumpang River crosses the city from northeast to southwest. The area west of
Calumpang River is generally plains while the eastern area is mostly foothills and mountains. The land use of the city has
considerably changed from 1946 to 1981 from a major agricultural use to a rapidly developing major urban center and from 1981
up to the present to a major urban commercial and industrial center
Industrial
Industries in Batangas are concentrated around Batangas Port, Tabangao and Pinamucan areas, and Sorosoro
Karsada. Shell, through its Philippine subsidiary, Pilipinas Shell, owns large refineries in Tabangao, and provides most of the fuel
supply sold in Shell gas stations in southern Luzon and Metro Manila. JG Summit Holdings operates a petrochemical facility in
Pinamucan Ibaba, with expansions to accommodate a coal power plant, which raised controversy to locals and environmentalists.
 P a g e | 29

Other companies also set up refineries for distribution to the province and nearby areas. There are twenty (20) major industrial
establishments in Batangas City: fifteen (15) large-scale establishments with capitalization of at least PhP60 million; two (2)
medium-sized firms with capitalization of between PhP15 million and PhP60 million; and three (3) small-scale industries with
capitalization of less than PhP15 million. These include petrochemical complexes such as JG Summit; natural gas power plants
like First Gas and KEPCO; and metal fabrication shops like AGP.
Commercial
Batangas City hosts shopping malls such as SM City Batangas, operated by SM Supermalls, and Bay City Mall and
Nuciti Central, owned by local retail companies. There is a sizeable number of supermarkets in the urbanized areas, some being
part of malls while others being stand-alone neighborhood markets, fiercely competing with local public markets.
The Poblacion area hosts numerous shops, restaurants, banks, pawnshops, and other establishments. Two major public
markets in the city proper serves produce from the rural barangays of the city as well as nearby municipalities.
The Diversion Road, constructed to divert traffic going to Batangas Port and Bauan from the city proper, is seeing a rise
in retail stores in addition to industrial space. Numerous car dealerships are being constructed along the length of the road in
barangays Alangilan and Balagtas. Fast food restaurants, like McDonald's and Shakey's Pizza are also rising near the Batangas
Central Terminal.
Beyond heavy industries, Batangas City has a wide range of other large-scale commercial activities, including retail and
recreational facilities. CitiMart Group of Companies is one of the pioneers in the retail industry in Batangas City, establishing its
first store in 1986. The business has expanded its presence – it currently has four branches in the city, including modern commercial
centers BayMall and Nuciti Central, as well as shops in nearby towns within the province. SM Batangas is likewise a key driver of
growth in this segment. The mall, which sits on a 9.3-hectare lot, opened in November 2004, the 19th SM Supermall and one of
the first established outside Metro Manila. The mall features 150 tenants covering casual dining outlets, fashion apparel, health
and wellness, IT and gadget shops, entertainment venues, and convenience service shops.

Figure 8.0 Proposed Zoning Map

Source: Municipal Development and City Planning
 P a g e | 30

Land Suitability Assessment

The City of Batangas is shaped like a cove on the southeastern part of Batangas Province and considered as
a coastal city. Batangas City, the capital of Batangas Province has a total area of land more or less 2, 541.44 hectares.
Most of the city’s flatlands which are 0% to 8% and potential arable land of about 6,759.15 hectares or 23.7% of land
were already built up. The City’s designated land for agricultural development, which covers 6,492.99 hectares or 20.21%
located on the southern portion.

The commercial land use is presently at 0.54% or 154.41 hectares of the total land area, and is mostly situated
within the urban center of the city. Meanwhile, institutional land uses total to 143.57 hectares or 0.50%. According to the
Batanga City Executive Summary (2019), the land use of Batangas City was considerably altered in 1975 from a mainly
agricultural use to a rapidly developing modern and urban center in which further developed to an industrial port city. It
is also said on the document that the City of Batangas had always been an agricultural and industrial-driven town.
Presently the classified agricultural land use is 41.84% of the city’s land area or approximately 11,941 hectares. The
open spaces and parks and playgrounds total to 1.6 hectares or 0.01% of the entire land area and are located in the
Poblacion. The residential land uses compromise 16.38% or 4,673.67 hectares of the total land area and are moslty
situated within the primary and secondary urban cores of the city. Furthermore, the land or soil type that the target
location is resided in which is Pallocan Kanluran is considered as Calumpang Clay Loam.

Trade and Industry

According to the Batangas City Executive Summary (2019), the economy of Batangas City is primarily driven
by tertiary sector that includes establishments or 94.86% of the total number. The sector includes 4,390 establishments
under wholesale and retail trade, 944 under hotels and restaurants, 203 under storage and communications, 422 under
financial intermediation, 1024 under rental business activities, 56 under arts, entertainment, and recreation, 145 under
education and support services, 266 under health and social work, 674 under other community, social and personal
services, 328 under administrative and support services and 136 under professional, scientific and technical services.

The remaining 465 or 5.14% of business establishments are accounted for by the primary and secondary
sector, each comprising 0.40% and 4.74% respectively, of all business establishments. The primary sector is primarily
dependent on agriculture, hunting and forestry while the secondary sector is composed of manufacturing establishments,
electricity, gas and water supply, and construction which totals to 429.

The staple food of the Batanguenos is rice. Based on SEPPP (2013), per record from OCVAS, the city’s
estimated production of rice is 21 metric tons. This production quantity is not sufficient to supply the demand required for
rice by the total population of the city which is 696,638 cavans (325,532 population x 2.14 cavans) considering the
standard per capita requirements of 2.14 cavans. To satisfy these needs and demands of the people or populace, the
city is now dependant on the provinces of Oriental/Occidental Mindoro and the Central Luzon provinces’ supply for the
rice. Even though the city is lacking on production of the rice produce, the city’s other vegetation, rootcrops, corn and
fruits like mangoes, atis, tamarind and bananas are quite sufficient and has a high output in the area. The city has also
prioritized production of yellow corn which is in demand prior to feed processing industry through the help of OCVAS.

Tourism

The boasts the international port and has been named as the most “mid-sized” livable city nationwide. But the
part that strikes a visitor the most is its heart or the Batangas City’s people’s park, the Plaza Mabini which was first built
in 1951 and redesigned in 1964 and was further improved and renovated in 2004. The 2-hectare park is indeed a
reminder of urabn planning popularized by our foreign colonizer, the Spaniard-imposed Laws of the Indies wherein towns
are centered on the plaza, around which are located the municipal hall, the church, and the mansions of the ilustrados
while the indios were moved within hearing distance of the bajo de la campana. Redesigned and redeveloped in 2004
by the world-renowned urban planning firm, Palafox and Associates, Plaza Mabini is comparable to the other parks in
the country’s central business district of Makati, with its shoulder pavement of interlocking bricks, stamped-concrete
 P a g e | 31

pathways, century-old acasia trees and royal palm trees. The place is also planted with carabao grass, scarlet beauty
and 17 other kinds of plants. The park’s theme of Mediterranean landscape is boundd bu the main streets of P. Burgos,
P. Dandan, Lopez Jaena and M.H. del Pilar. At the front of this Plaza lies the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception built
from 1851 -1857 with its facade and interior as a stunning model of Renaissance architecture. It was then renamed as
Basilica Minor of the Infant Jesus and Immaculate Conception and was the first Basilica to be vested that honor and
privilege in the Philippines and the entire East Asia by Pope Pious XII.
The Laurel Park within the provincial capital site is a unique destination located at barangay Kumintang Ibaba,
Batangas City. The main gate is also situated along the natioal highway that serves as the facade of the Capitol Complex.
Beside the main gate is the Provincial Tourism Office that provides useful information about the province. The personnel
on the facility then maintain tourist data bank and serve as tourist guides.
Meanwhile in Ilijan, Batangas City based on Alex Y. & Jake L. (2014) , the people believed that the
environmental effect of ecotourism industry in the place can help it to enhance the conservation of the marine
biodiversity. The effects of socio-cultural can help both local and foregin residents on their quality human experiencesl.
The implementation of the marketing promotions thru the help of the local government helps them to progress the
development and marketing of the destination.
The city contains several underdeveloped beaches that have potentials to be a leisure destination prior to the
local folks needs and the prospective tourists. There are some beaches that are promising to the area as well like
Mahabang Buhangin Beach of San Augustin Kanluran, Isla Verde is still underdeveloped and can be reached in two
hour travel by boat from Tabangao Aplaya which is considered an alternative destination for beach lovers. Furthermore,
the slopes of Mt. Banoy and Matoco Point in Barangay Pagkilatan is an ideal spot for a panoramic view of the city and
the Batangas Bay.

Circulation Network

The services of land transportation inside the city is readily available through public utility buses, public utility
jeepneys, privately owned cars, vans, jeeps, and tricycles. For trips going to Manila and neighboring provinces, thethe
public utility can avail the public utility bus system, such as Batangas Star Express, RRCG Transit, Supreme Trans Liner,
Ceres Transport, ALPS (2), Barney, JAM Transit, DLTB Co., N. Dela Rosa Liner Inc., Inter Bats Bus, KL CNG Bus
Transport, SJ Park Ventures Inc. And Eagle Star Transit Corporation.

Road Network

According to Batangas Executive Summary (2017), the city of Batangas has a total road length of 543.61 km.
Its road network comprises 77.31 km of national roads, 36.20 km of city roadds and 430.10 km of barangay roads. Most
of the roads were made up of concrete that span 337.61 km and account for 62% of the total road network. This is
followed by roads made of asphalt at 145.44 km and roads made of gravel at 33.41 km. The total road length has
increased by approximately 10% from the previous years recorded data of 496.13 km.

The opening of the Southern Tagalog Access Road (STAR) on April 2008 which is a tollway component of the
Philippine Nautical Highway with a length of 42 km from Sto. Tomas, Batangas to the Batangas Port shortened the travel
time from Metro Manila to Batangas City by about forty-five minutes.

Based on ATLAS (2019) statistics of Batangas Road Network, Batangas City contains Secondary Roads of
Batangas Province. Batangas Port Diversion for example which has a condition rating of 3.66 that spans across
Calicanto, Bolbok and Balagtas, Bolboc Access Road, Bolboc Flyover and Approaches, and Manila-Batangas Pier Road
which is the main access of the Port of Batangas for travellers.
 P a g e | 32

Bridges

Batangas City has a total of 47 bridges, including both national and local. Bolbok

Flyover is currently the longest bridge with a span of 754 m. Most of the bridges are in good condition except
the four bridges which are the Pallocan Bridge, the San Jose Sico Bridge, the Talumpok Silangan Bridge and the Libjo-
Dumuclay Bridge. These bridges is now remediated through construction projects and demands of the locality.

Figure 9.0 Road Network Map

Source: Socio-Economic, Physical & Political Profile

Utilities

Water Resources

As claimed by SEPPP (2020), the city is traversed by a lot of creeks and streams that converge at the
Calumpang RIver which flows through into the Batangas Bay. Calumpang River is a perpetual water source with a catch
basin of approximately 472 square kilometers. It serves as a boundary for the south eastern boundary of the Poblacion
and flows into Batangas Bay two kilometers south of Batangas Port. It has an appropriate length of eight kilometers and
average width of 90 meters. There are several springs as well in Batangas City that can suffice the needs of nearby
residents for their water supply requirements through its sufficient volume discharge. They are located in barangays
Talumpok Kanluran & Silangan, Cumba, Sto. Domingo, Talahib Pandayan, Talahib Payapa, Ilijan, Malibayo, Bilogo,
Haligue Kanluran, Haligue Silangan, Maruclap and Conde Itaas.
 P a g e | 33

Meanwhile Batangas City also offers water supply through facilities. Batangas Water Supply System is one of
them and was jointly constructed by the Philippine Government and the United States of America on 1926. It was
supervised and managed by the Bureau of Public Works while the local operation and management were undertaken by
the Batangas Municipal Government. In 1957, the system was turned over to the National Waterworks and Sewerage
Administration (NAWASA) and fourteen years later, the city government has decided to manage their own system. Under
P.D. No.128, the Batangas City Water District was subsequently created under the mandates of the Local Water Utilities
Authorities which provided financial and technical assistance to the water district. The waterworks system was formally
transferred by the city government to the BCWD on 1975. On the other hand, the city also provides water supply on rural
areas. With the financial assistance of the USAID, seven rural barangays have been provided with waterworks system
thru the help of Barangay Water Program on the early 80’s which are still operating and showcased as examples of
successful sustainable projects. These barangays were Tingga Itaas, Concepcion, Tulo, Banaba East, Balete, Sampaga
and Sampaga West-Pallocan East. A total of seventy-three Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Projects with level III
services were established by the city government and currently operating on fifity-five barangays of the city. The residents
of several barangays particularly those located within the watershed areas of Mt. Banoy like barangays Cumba, Haligue
Silangan/Kanluran, Maruclap, Pinamucan Silangan, Talahib, Payapa/Pandayan, Talumpok Kanluran/Silangan and San
Jose Sico depend on their water supply mainly from the springs with storage/catchment facilities.

Power Supply

On the recent findings of SEPPP (2020), there are a total of 105 barangays in the city and ninety-nine of them
are provided by the Manila Electric Company with electricity. Some barangays on the other hand are being provided by
Batangas Electric Cooperative II including San Jose Sico, Talumpok Silangan and Talahib Pandayan. The residents of
six barangays located in Verde Island depend on diesel fired power generator and solar energy devices for their electricity
requirements. In 2018, through the Micro Grid Program of the City Government and USAID, a portion of Barangay San
Agapito in Isla Verde was provided with solar panel as power source. The program is being operated by Meralco through
lease agreement with the City Government which benefits around 40 households.

Sewerage and Sanitation

Based on UrbanLinks (2019), Batangas City manages a centralized waste collection system subcontracted
with a private company, the Metrowaste Solid Waste Management Corporation, which operates on a daily basis for waste
collection services for biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and residual wastes. While Metrowaste covers most parts of
the city, many households reside too far from the truck collection routes and therefore didn’t have a chance for access
to solid waste management services. This situation results in illegal dumping and trash burning.

Furthermore, statements and data from Reyes & Furto (2013) shows that the residents feed left over foods to
pets and is fully practiced by the residents based on the level of Implementation of proper SWM practices. The residents
were observed to practice moderately the selling of bottles, plastics, cans and other scraps to junkshops. Among the ten
solid waste management practices, three of them were slightly practiced which are reducing waste generation,
composting and recycling. It is also observed that the residents lack awareness on these practices and that they are not
familiar on the why’s and how’s of doing such practices. Based on the Solid Waste Hierarchy designed by NWMC &
DENR, it is very clear that if we cannot avoid generation of waste, then try to lessen the volume of waste that is being
made. To reduce the volume of waste, try to reuse and recycle materials. If waste production is no longer viable then
treatment such as composting is advised.

The waste management collection of Pallocan East and West based on Batangas City Official Website (2017)
is scheduled at morning 7:00 A.M. to 11 A.M. through FWD MINI DUMP truck 202 and 102. The collection varies on
biodegradable and non-biodegradable. These routes are differentiated on three different areas that spans from morning
until 9:00 P.M.
 P a g e | 34

Telecommunication

According to SEPPP (2020), Batangas City is provided by the Philippines Long-Distance Telephone Company
and Globe Telecom landline phone services. Furthermore, mobile phone services are presently being provided by Smart
and Globe Telecoms. There are currently ninety-seven telecommunication towers and facilities and Batangas City
residents can currently avail internet services right on the comfort of their homes, offices and on different internet cafes
within the area. There are also six internet providers residing in the city which are Batangas CATV, Globe
Telecommunications, Integrated Network Services, PLDT Company and Smart Communication, Inc.

Governance

Revenue Performance

The revenue of Batangas City expands and grows in the midst of several economic setbacks till now. Batangas
City based on SEPPP (2020) has realized income amounting to PHP3, 315,637,980.52 for C.Y. 2020 which is higher
than C.Y. 2019 income of PHP3, 032,313,132.47 by 9.34%.

The Internal Revenue Allotment in the amount of PHP1,000,988,068.00 for C.Y. 2019 which is 33.01% of the
total revenue sources was increased by 12.25% on C.Y. 2020 in the amount of PHP1,123,601,292.00 which is 33.89%
of the total revenue sources. This is the biggest source of revenue of the City Government both in C.Y. 2019 & 2020.

The Business Tax come in second source of revenue of the City Government both in C.Y> 2019 & 2020
amounted to PHP806,484,687.63 and PHP903,971,117.77 respectively with an increase of 12.09% from C.Y. 2019-
2020. In C.Y. 2019 Business Tax constituted by 26.60% of the total revenue sources while in C.Y. 2020 it constituted
27.26% of the total revenue sources.

Transfer, Assistance and Subsidy – Subsidy from National Government Agency increased from
Php5,079,604.00 which is 0.17% of the total revenue sources of CY 2019 to Php95,397,449.00 which is 2.88% of the
total revenue sources of CY 2020. This assistance was under the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act which is equivalent to
one-month IRA of cities and Municipalities as aid to LGU’s in managing the COVID 19 pandemic which started in March
2020.
 P a g e | 35

Table 7.0 Comparative Revenue and Receipts

Source: SEPPP CY 2020
 P a g e | 36

3.2.1.2 MICRO SITE

Figure 10 Site Map

Figure 11 Site Portion A

 P a g e | 37

Figure 12 Site Portion B

Figure 13 Site Portion

 P a g e | 38

ROAD MAP

Figure 14 Road Map

Lot Bearings Distance

n87d0’31”e 177.51
n1d36’2”w 131.08
n90w 19
s70d22’26”w 21.52
s78d40’5”w 52.25
s73d32’21”w 51.32
s62d8’20”w 31.04
s24d56’30”W 21.11
s1d53’33”e 74.64

Table 8.0 Lot Bearings

 P a g e | 39

SITE ANALYSIS

Figure 14 Site Analysis

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
SWOT Analysis
Strength
- The formation of the lot is entirely flat and common
- Good placement along with the National Road
- The site is located at Brgy. Pallocan East along with Batangas-Tabangao-Road providing good accessibility
for the users.
- Can provide more expansion and future development
- Iconic landmarks are present near the site
- Existing system including water supply, communication, drainage and electricity are available and nearby in
the site.
- Located on nearby subdivision
Weakness
- the site is near within drainage passage which can affect the aesthetic ambiance of the development.
Opportunity
- The project is a large scale facility therefore it can benefit from nearby public sewage system for disposing waste
products easily.
- Low chance of access barrier because of the existing commercial establishments and road surrounding the site.
- Suitable for future site development due to wide range site area.
- Allows more choices of zoning modification when planning a development.
- The site development signifies environmental-friendly approach through Green Architecture.
 P a g e | 40

Threat
- The chosen site is susceptible to flood due to its location history. In fact, in the year 2014, month of July, Super
Typhoon Glenda hit the province of Batangas which caused flooding in the area around Calumpang River resulting
to the destruction of the 22-yearold Calumpang Bridge and the Calumpang Dike. Recently, at least 300 families
were rescued from homes and atop vehicles after they were trapped when floodwater as deep as three meters
turned their subdivision, in particular, the Tierre Verde Subdivision into a lake in Batangas City at the height of
Typhoon Rolly. In that case, the site is prone to possible flood problem due to the fact that the particular subdivision
is only nearby from the site.
- Air and Noise pollution will be a threat given the expected increase in commercial pollutants and traffic congestion.

Summary of Site Analysis

Primarily, the site is situated in Batangas city particularly in Brgy. Pallocan East along with Batangas Tabangao
Road. The abundant road networks around the area allows better accessibility for its users and constructions process
purposes. Iconic Landmarks and Structures were also nearby in the site including The SM Mall and Holy Trinity Parish
Church as well as Calumpang River and Calumpang bridge. About the features, they were an existing man-made feature
available such as the drainage passage along the left side portion near the highway which can be a good asset for
sanitary purposes. Moreover, the ground context is relatively flat and common which is feasible for succeeding
development and expansion. The vegetation appearance is minimal and most of the side were expose to urban
infrastructure such as small-time commercial building and residential subdivision particularly the Tierre Verde
subdivision. Necessary Systems are available in the area such as electricity, gas, water, sewer, and telephone services
along with distances, depths, and materials. Beyond that, the analysis also addresses all the source of noise using radial
concept to track down factors like vehicles noise and construction works which can be generated from outside.
Based on Facts, the map of Pallocan has the maximum elevation of 344 meters and average elevation of 53
meters above sea level. Its Climatic data indicates the above average rate of precipitation ranging from 66% to 69% of
humidity. The wind speed rate is approximately 10km/h to 19km/h and the average temperature can hit up to 32 degrees
Celsius.
 P a g e | 41

3.2.2 User’s Analysis

3.2.2.1 Users Demography
Employment Situation in CALABARZON - July 2020
Reference Number: 2020-0400-SR10
Release Date: Monday, September 14, 2020

F . Labor Force Participation Rate, CALABARZON:

July 2019 to July 2020

Notes: Estimates for April and July 2020 are preliminary and may change.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Labor Force Survey

The number of persons in the labor force in CALABARZON could be placed at 7.2 million of the estimated 11.2
million population 15 years old and over in July 2020 (See summary statistics). This translates to a labor force
participation rate (LFPR) of 63.9 percent, which means that six hundred thirty-nine in one thousand of the population
aged 15 years and over were either employed or unemployed. It was an increase of 5.6 percent from the LFPR of April
2020 which was 58.3 percent and a 1.8 percent decrement from same period last year’s LFPR of 65.7 percent.

Employment rate increased by 4.3 percent

Employment rate in July 2020 rose to 87.6 percent from 83.3 percent in April 2020 but decreased from 92.6 percent in
July 2019. This translates to 6.3 million employed persons in July 2020 from 6.6 million in July 2019.
 P a g e | 42

G.1 Employment Rate CALABARZON:

July 2019 to July 2020

Notes: Estimates for April and July 2020 are preliminary and may change.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Labor Force Survey

Unemployment rate is recorded at 12.4 percent

Of the estimated 7.1 million labor force in CALABARZON for the third quarter of the year, unemployment rate
is estimated at 12.4 percent. It recovered as compared to the previous quarter unemployment rate which was 16.7
percent, the highest record since July 2019. The Corona virus or COVID-19 pandemic situation is still considered as the
major factor that contributed to the abrupt increase from the same quarter last year. Some establishments were allowed
to continue their operation in the third quarter but with minimum number of workers, varying work arrangements and
reduced working hours.
 P a g e | 43

G.2 Unemployment Rate, CALABARZON:

July 2019 to July 2020

Notes: Estimates for April and July 2020 are preliminary and may change.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Labor Force Survey

Underemployment rate is registered at 21.9 percent

Underemployed persons were estimated at 1.4 million in July 2020. This number represented 21.9 percent of the total
employed persons in the region.
 P a g e | 44

“G.3 “Underemployment Rate, CALABARZON:

July 2019 to July 2020

Notes: Estimates for April and July 2020 are preliminary and may change.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Labor Force Survey

Note: Underemployed persons are those who were employed but still express their desire to have additional hours of
work in their present job or to have an additional job, or have a new job with longer working hours.
 P a g e | 45

“H.1” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of Commercial Complex

Notes: Estimates for April and July 2020 are preliminary and may change.

Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Labor Force Survey

Highlights

 The labor force population in July 2020 was estimated at 7.2 million in CALABARZON. This translates to 63.9
percent of labor force participation rate (LFPR) out of 11.2 million population 15 years old and over in July
2020.
 Total employed persons in the region for the third quarter were approximately 6.3 million or a regional
employment rate of 87.6 percent.
 Total unemployed persons could be placed at 888 thousand with an unemployment rate of 12.4 percent.
 Underemployment rate was estimated at 21.9 percent or approximately 1.4 million persons out of the 6.3 million
employed in the region.
Batangas City has a welcoming atmosphere that caters to the needs and desires of businesses. A well-developed
infrastructure backbone is essential for this. Given its proximity to Metro Manila and adjacent major regional and
provincial cities, the city's locational advantage is exploited through a strong focus on infrastructure. The presence of the
international port, which takes advantage of its coastal resource, promotes the movement of both people and products.
It now transports more than 3 million passengers and about a million tons of freight each year.
The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) and the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) connect the city to the rest
of CALABARZON, making it easy to go about. This has allowed for the creation of large-scale industrial infrastructure
projects. Batangas City presently has petrochemical complexes, the country's first natural gas-fired power plants, metal
fabrication facilities, and special economic zones/industrial estates.
Within the city, improvements to further decongest high-traffic areas are in the pipeline, including construction of
additional roads and bridges, and expansion and widening of existing streets.
 P a g e | 46

Businesses are drawn to the city not only because of its infrastructure, but also because of its outstanding human
capital. The people of Batangas City are the city's most valuable asset. Batangueos are world-class service providers
who are dependable. A strong command of the English language is matched with expertise in a variety of academic and
technological domains. The city has a large pool of skilled workers, thanks to the presence of the Technical Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) and intensive training from global companies such as Pilipinas Shell, AG&P, First Gen,
Kepco, and Keppel Shipyards, which have set up shop in the city and neighboring municipalities.
Another aspect that helps Batangas City attract investments is its business-friendly governance. In 2010, Batangas
City was recognized by the Asian Institute of Management (AIM) Policy Center, United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) and the German Technical Cooperation Agency (GTZ) as the most honest and transparent city
in its dealings and the most supportive city to micro, small and medium enterprises.
As one of the partner cities of the USAID Cities Development Initiative, the city government, through the INVEST
Project, has further instituted sound business reforms and a better environment for investments through:
• a clearer vision for economic and investment growth for the city shared by all;
• reduced cost of doing business and more streamlined business registration processes;
• a city government that responds appropriately and speedily to the needs of investors;
• a city government that is more capable of managing and implementing investment policies and of encouraging
innovation in the private sector; and
• a stronger partnership between the city government and different stakeholders.

TRADE AND COMMERCE

Public Market
There are three public markets in the city. In CY 2006, the old city market known as the "Unang Palengke" in
the Poblacion was rehabilitated/redeveloped after being destroyed by fire in 19S2. The principal commodities found in
the ancient market include dry and wet sections.
The second market is the Don Julian Pastor Memorial (DJPMM), which was built in 1977 and is located in
barangay Cuta, some 800 meters distant from the original market or "unang paleneke." This location also serves as a
"bagsakan" for fruits and vegetables grown nearby.
The third market, adjacent to DJPMM, was constructed in 1993 with 363 stalls for fruits/vegetables and dry
products thanks to financial assistance from the Economic Support Fund Secretariat CESFS) under the Office of the
President and the United States Agency for International Development (LJSAID).
Commercial Area
The city's designation as an industrial growth center in the CALABARZON region resulted in an increase in the
number of commercial enterprises not only in the CBD, but also in the Pallocan Gulod, Kumintang-Alangilan-Balagtas
regions, and the Bolbok-Balagtas Port Diversion Road. Several four to five-story commercial buildings have already been
built in the city. Several of the city's existing business premises have already been refurbished and restored, or have
been dismantled and rebuilt.
The SM Shopping Mall is one of the city's most well-known commercial facilities. Bay Citi Mall, Caedo
Commercial Complex, Citi Mart Plaza, Wilcon Builder's Depot, SM Hypermarket, Citi Hardware, Budget Lane, Excel
Tom's Supermarket, Fiesta Home Center, Pic 'n Save, Unitop General Merchandize, Puregold, and the NuCiti Central
are among the shopping malls in the area.
 P a g e | 47

“H.1” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of Commercial Complex

A. Commercial Outlets

Executive Department

Board of Directors

Leasing Department

Marketing and Sales

Department

Human Resources Department

Accounting and
Treasury Department

Operations and
Maintenance Department

Organizational Structures of Administrative Department of the Commercial Complex

 P a g e | 48

“H.2” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of the Apartelle

Executive Department

Board of Directors

Front Office Department

Sales and Marketing Development

Engineering, Maintenance and

Security Department

Security Department

Food and Beverage Department

Accounting Department

Human Resource Department

House Keeping Department

 P a g e | 49

“H.3” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of the

Interactive Park Department

Chief Officer

Secretary

Maintenance and Technical Analysis and Strategic Planning

Service

“I.1” General Behavioral Pattern of the Users

Security
Site Parking Commercial Interactive
Check- Apartelle Exit
Entrance Area Outlets Park
point
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“I.3” Figure 65 General Behavioural Pattern of the Users

“I.2” Behavioural Patterns of Customers/Shoppers in the Commercial Complex

“I.3” Behavioural Patterns of Guests in the Apartelle

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“I.4” Behavioural Patterns of Users in the Interactive Park

 P a g e | 52

CHAPTER IV – CASE STUDY

4.1 LOCAL STUDIES

“J “ 4.1.1 GREENBELT BY AYALA MALLS

Figure 15 Greenbelt night view

Source: AyalaLand
 P a g e | 53

Figure 16 Greenbelt Garden

Source: https://www.morefunwithjuan.com/2020/10/ayala-malls-greenbelt.html
Greenbelt is a mixed-use development in Makati City, one of Manila's major business areas, that includes restaurants,
entertainment venues, shopping outlets, and apartments. It is part of Ayala Center, a 36.8-hectare (91-acre) mixed-use
complex. Greenbelt 1, which was built in the 1970s, provides convenience and food services to daytime office workers.
Greenbelt 2 was built as a site for "power lunches" and high-end eating in addition to its 28 two- and three-story rental
units. Greenbelt 4 is an upmarket retail destination, and Greenbelt 3, the project's most visible component, caters to
professionals in their twenties and forties with dining, shopping, and entertainment options. The four-level Greenbelt 3
structure features two unique faces. The street-facing exterior features a unified row of shopfronts, while the curved
interior faces a park, with public walkways terraced up to outdoor seating and dining areas for restaurants and cafés.

LOCATION
Central Business District

SITE SIZE
22.6 acres/9.2 hectares

LAND USES
Lifestyle Center, Entertainment Center, Retail, Cinema, Restaurants, Multifamily Rental Housing, Urban Park

KEYWORDS/SPECIAL FEATURES

 Infill Development
 Lifestyle Center
 Entertainment Center

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Greenbelt is a 12-hectare (29.6-acre) mixed-use development in the Makati business district of Manila. This multiphase
development includes 28 multifamily rental units, an urban park, and a lifestyle center that caters to the retail, dining, and
entertainment needs of adjacent luxury neighborhoods' office workers and residents. It's part of the larger Ayala Center,
a 36.8-hectare (91-acre) mixed-use complex including offices, hotels, shopping malls, and residential towers.
Ayala Land, Inc. (ALI), the developer of Greenbelt, is the real estate branch of the Ayala Corporation and the Philippines'
major real estate developer. Since the 1940s, the corporation has been active in the development of the Makati central
business district in downtown Manila, and since the 1960s, it has been building the Ayala Center in stages. Glorietta, a
34-hectare (84-acre) sector of offices, shopping malls, department stores, and hotels, was the initial phase of this
significant mixed-use district. Greenbelt is located west of Glorietta and is bordered on the east by Makati Avenue and
the west by Paseo de Roxas Street.
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Figure 17. Greenbelt mall categorized

according to zones
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Figure 18-21 Map of Ayala Greenbelt categorized according to zones 1-4

Source: MUHON: A Journal of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and the Designed Environment

All aspects of the Greenbelt development have been carefully considered to ensure that they complement one another.
Greenbelt 1 was built in the 1970s and rebuilt in 2002 to provide convenience and food services to the area's daytime
office employees. It also has cinemas and cultural entertainment venues, such as Onstage, a live theater where
Repertory Philippines performs, and the ArtFilm Theater, which screens independent local and international films.
Greenbelt 2 is known for its "power lunches" and high-end eating, but it also has 28 one- and two-story apartments for
rent. Greenbelt 3, the most visible of the phases, is a lifestyle center with a mix of food, entertainment, and retail
establishments that leads to a park with a water feature. Greenbelt 4 is a high-end shopping center. Greenbelt 5's theme,
which is still in the planning stages as of March 2006, will be fashion lifestyle retail, with a mix of high-end foreign brands
and up-and-coming Filipino designers.
The Ayala Museum is a four-story glass and granite facility close to Greenbelt 4 that houses a permanent exhibition of
paintings, archeological and anthropological artifacts, and temporary exhibits, as well as a museum shop and café.

SITE PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

The Commercial Centers Group of Ayala Land was involved in every aspect of Greenbelt development, from
planning through design, building, and management. The employment of an in-house team comprised of professionals
from the operations, construction, and marketing departments has aided in ensuring both originality and uniformity
throughout the project.
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Figure 22 Greenbelt Site Development Plan

Source: https://cloudusa.blog/2010/09/11/quick-cam-two-waves-and-a-smile/

Figure 23 Greenbelt Perspective

Source: https://www.johngish.com/greenbelt-1-redevelopment

Figure 24 Greenbelt Aerial Perspective

Source: https://cloudusa.blog/2010/09/11/quick-cam-two-waves-and-a-
smile/
 P a g e | 57

Greenbelt 3's development and conception were also heavily influenced by market research. Outside consultants
conducted feasibility studies, focus groups, and traffic counts to enhance the company's in-house research and deep
market knowledge gained through years of experience in the Manila market.
The presence of the aforementioned existing structures on the site hindered the development of Greenbelt 3,
with some having to be demolished and others having to be protected during the construction process. The profusion of
older trees posed additional design challenges. The development team staked out the proposed building's limits during
the planning phase to see how it might affect the trees on the property. After then, the plans were tweaked to ensure that
trees would be protected. Furthermore, because the site rests on a former creek, the excavation had to go deeper than
expected in order to satisfy the structural engineer's ideal soil conditions.
The Commercial Centers Group (ALI-CCG) of Ayala Land intended to do something different from Glorietta, which is
located immediately east of Greenbelt. And, as is customary for ALI-CCG, the company intended to develop a unique
destination that would adapt to its location and provide more than simply a standard shopping mall. After their first plans
for an air-conditioned shopping mall were rejected, the development team found they had overlooked a valuable
resource—a tiny park with a chapel near the aging structure that would become known as Greenbelt 1 once rebuilt. This
realization marked a turning point in the planning process, and subsequent plans focused on integrating new construction
with the park.
DESIGN
Each phase of Greenbelt has its own personality. Greenbelt 1 is a three-story shopping area with restaurants
and fast-food outlets on the main floor, as well as convenience stores such as Ace Hardware and Rustan's grocery.
Greenbelt 2 and 4 are smaller, more finely defined centers, each focusing on a different topic. Greenbelt 2 is home to a
number of fine-dining restaurants, as well as 28 multilevel apartments. Prada, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Burberry, and Tod's
are among the worldwide designer labels available on Greenbelt 4's two levels. Its interior finishes are meant to be simple
and attractive.

Figure 25 Greenbelt 1
Source: https://mapio.net/pic/p-1734444/

Greenbelt 3 has two separate facades and is a four-level structure. The street-facing front has a more urban feel with its
unified row of businesses, whereas the interior facade faces the park and has a more organic, curving design with public
paths terraced up to outdoor seating and dining areas for restaurants and cafés. The park's orientation necessitated
meticulous site planning and architecture to ensure that businesses received adequate exposure and had clear links to
the surrounding neighborhoods.
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Figure 26 Greenbelt 3
Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/444871269434630361/

Figure 27 Greenbelt 4
Source: https://bmy.guide/journal/8926-greenbelt-4

Cafés and eateries, as well as fashion businesses such as Lacoste, Kate Spade, Nike, Adidas, Springfield, and Gas,
and other one-of-a-kind retail outlets, occupy the bottom level of Greenbelt 3. The second floor is mostly made up of
informal dining establishments and cafés. The cinema ticket foyer, cafés, bars, and Timezone, a family entertainment
area, are all located on the third floor. Because the objective was to provide a diversity of entertainment alternatives
while maintaining a focus on food, the nightclubs and bars on the third story are purposefully less visible than the food
outlets on the ground and second floors. A five-screen movie theater operated by Ayala Theaters Management occupies
the level above the third floor. Another theater, MyCinema, features 50 seats, holds private screenings, and showcases
international art films.
 P a g e | 59

Figure 28 Greenbelt park

Source: https://cloudusa.blog/2010/09/11/quick-cam-two-waves-and-a-smile/

The Park setting at Greenbelt allows for a more open design than is typical of shopping malls, especially in tropical
climes. Although the shops and restaurants are air-conditioned, the upper-level corridors, public areas, and auxiliary
seating places are not. Awnings and canopies made of glass and metal provide shade and protection from the weather.
Air can pass via the louvered holes. On the ground level, colorful paving materials help to merge the center with the park,
and elements like lumber and local stone were chosen to match the natural surroundings.

Figure 29 Greenbelt 5
Source: https://www.callisonrtkl.com/projects/greenbelt-5-ayala-land-inc/

Landscaping and attention to the setting were important aspects of the project design. The developers expanded the
existing park from 1.6 hectares (four acres) to three hectares (7.4 acres) and moved all parking beneath the center. Two
hundred new trees, shrubs, flowering plants, and water features such as fountains and pools were added, and 440 trees
on site were saved prior to construction and then integrated into the project. Distinct “zones” with tropical, zen, and palm
themes were incorporated into the design. Ayala Land also retained and upgraded the chapel on the site. As of March
2006, the Santo Niño de Paz Chapel in the center of the park holds masses daily.
 P a g e | 60

Parking for Greenbelt 3 is located in the basement of the building along with accommodations for services and deliveries.
The amount of parking provided at the facility is three spaces per 100 square meters (1,076 square feet) of retail space,
which is more than local regulations of one space per 100 square meters (1,076 square feet).

Figure 30 3D exploded view of Greenbelt Floor Plans

Source:
https://upca.upd.edu.ph/uploads/1/8/5/4/18549486/12_green_open_spaces_in_shopping_malls.pdf

Ayala Land held various low-scale buildings on the site in addition to the park and church. When the developer
realized that the leases on these structures were about to expire, he began to think about what designs would be most
appropriate.
The optimum use of the land was subsequently chosen to be as a lifestyle entertainment center with a park integrated
into the design, as well as residential and museum uses. This concept was created to set Greenbelt apart from its
competitors while attracting professionals in their 20s to 40s, a group known for its proclivity for splurging on food and
entertainment.
Greenbelt's three phases, as well as the restoration of Greenbelt 1, began planning in 1999. Greenbelt 2 was finished in
May 2002, followed by Greenbelt 3 in June 2002, and Greenbelt 4 in November 2003. The company distributed press
releases and newsletters throughout the planning and approvals phases to keep neighborhood associations and
companies in the region informed about the project. Because all phases of Greenbelt were regulated under the same
permit, the building permit process was more onerous than usual. This meant that everything had to be finished before
each phase's occupancy permit could be obtained.

FINANCING, MARKETING, AND MANAGEMENT

Greenbelt has been financed internally by Ayala Land, a publicly traded company. The company also contributed to the
nearby Ayala Museum, a 6,122-square-meter (65,897-square-foot) facility that showcases the history and art of the
Philippines.
Marketing and management for Greenbelt are handled by an in-house team within ALI-CCG. Many of these professionals
were involved in the earlier planning, design, and construction process of the various phases of the Greenbelt complex
and they maintain close connections with the center’s retailers and restaurant operators.
 P a g e | 61

An annual marketing plan sets out the budget and plans for the coming year for each phase. In addition to advertising,
the company sponsors special events. At Greenbelt 3, the park is the venue for concerts and appearances by performers
who appeal to its target market of hip young professionals. In 2005, popular attractions included singer Angela Bofil and
cast members from the American television series Queer Eye for the Straight Guy.

EXPERIENCE GAINED
Greenbelt has created an image based on its more open green setting and variety of complementing uses, distinguishing
itself from other commercial hubs in Manila, especially the adjacent Glorietta. Greenbelt 3's natural setting has aided its
promotion as a lifestyle hub and refuge in the heart of Manila's busy business area. With its courtyards, seating areas,
water features, and sculpture garden, the groomed park has become a popular spot for events, parties, and relaxation.
Greenbelt 3 has had a retail occupancy rate of at least 98 percent since its inception in May 2002, with remarkably low
tenant churn.
Greenbelt 3 has received praise from the general public as well as professional organizations such as the Urban Land
Institute, which bestowed an Award for Excellence on it in 2003. Because of Manila's tropical environment, the notion of
open-air pedestrian circulation and seating was not universally accepted when the center first opened, but it has since
increased in popularity, according to the management team. The recent passage of harsher indoor cigarette smoking
rules in Manila has added to the open-air design's appeal.
Greenbelt 3 has been able to survive the recent economic downturn in the Philippines because to its decision to focus
on food and entertainment. The center's blend of successful local eateries and businesses, as well as foreign franchises
like Starbucks and Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, has helped set it apart from other more traditional shopping malls in
the Philippines.
Greenbelt 3 companies have benefited from the large outdoor seating areas, which have increased sales. For their whole
space, tenants pay rent per square foot plus a percentage of sales. The rent for outdoor spaces, on the other hand, is
normally 35 percent of the rent for inside facilities.
Greenbelt's administration has security issues due to the park environment and wide pedestrian connectivity to
adjacent commercial areas. Pedestrians entering the center are subjected to security checks, as they are in most other
Manila shopping malls.
Table 9.0 Summary Statistics

PROJECT DATA

LAND USE INFORMATION

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4 Total

Site area (square 91,536/984,008

meters/square
feet)
Percentage 100 100 100 N/A
complete
Gross floor area in 3,398/14,784 4,999/21,746 1,221/5,311 9,618/41,842
square meters per
hectare/square
feet per acre of
land
 P a g e | 62

Number of off-street parking spaces

Basement parking 0 333 110 834

spaces
Structured parking 391 0 0 0

Total number of 391 333 110 834

parking spaces

GROSS LEASABLE AREA

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4 Total

(Square
(Square Meters/ (Square Meters/ (Square Meters/ Meters/
Square Feet) Square Feet) Square Feet) Square Feet)
Retail 5,743/61,737 18,929/203,487 5,269/56,642 29,941/321,866

Cinemas 0 2,639/28,369 0 2,639/28,369

Residential 6,612/71,082 0 0 6,612/71,082

Total 12,355/132,819 21,568/231,856 5,269/56,642 39,192/421,317

LAND USE PLAN

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4 Total

(Square
(Square Meters/ (Square Meters/ (Square Meters/ Meters/
Use Square Feet) Square Feet) Square Feet) Square Feet)
Building footprint 6,386/68,650 11,482/123,432 2,763/29,704 20,631/221,785

Street/roadway 445/4,784 2,435/26,173 282/3,033 3,162/33,989

Landscaping/open 0 0 0 24,226/260,434
area at ground
level including
chapel
Total 6,831/73,434 13,917/149,606 3,045/32,737 4,8019/516,208
 P a g e | 63

Percentage of 7 13 3 N/A
building footprint in
relation to entire
Greenbelt site area

RESIDENTIAL INFORMATION

Floor Area
(Square Meters/ Number of Units Range of
Unit Type Number of Units Square Feet) Leased Rental Prices*
Two- and three- 28 180–295/1,935–3,171 28 $2,200–$3,000
level units
*Exchange rate used: US$1 = PHP (Philippines peso) 55.

RETAIL INFORMATION

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4 Total

Junior Anchor

Number of stores 0 1 2 3
(units)

Total GLA (square 0 639/6,864 2,841/30,537 3,479/37,401

meters/square feet)

Food

Number of stores 15 50 0 65
(units)
Total GLA (square 4,524/48,632 9,1678/98,553 0 13,692/147,185
meters/square feet)

Clothing and Accessories

Number of stores 0 14 1 15
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 3,571/38,394 114/1,222 3,685/39,616
meters/square feet)

Shoes and Bags

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Number of stores 0 3 10 13
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 175/1,883 1,427/15,341 1,602/17,223
meters/square feet)

Home Furnishings

Number of stores 0 5 0 5
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 604/6,491 0 604/6,491
meters/square feet)

Gift/Specialty

Number of stores 0 8 4 12
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 1,214/13,055 293/3,155 1,508/16,210
meters/square feet)

Personal Services

Number of stores 0 7 2 9
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 635/6,829 67/720 702/7,549
meters/square feet)

Recreation/Amusement

Number of stores 0 2 0 2
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 1,424/15,306 0 1,424/15,306
meters/square feet)

Cinemas

Number of stores 0 5 0 5
(units)
Total GLA (square 0 2,639/28,369 0 2,639/28369
meters/square feet)

Total

Number of stores 15 95 19 129

Total GLA 4,524/48,632 20,069/215,745 4,742/50,975 29,335/315,352

(square
meters/square
feet)
 P a g e | 65

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4 Total

Percentage of 100 96 99 98
gross leasable area
occupied
Approximate $216.89/$20.15 $184.82/$17.17 $208.31/$19.35 N/A
annual rent (US$*
per square
meter/square foot)

Approximate annual $2,144.15/$199.19 $1,983.49/$184.27 $2,270.64/$210.94 N/A

sales (US$* per square
meter/square foot)

Average length of 2–5 years 2–5 years 2–5 years N/A

lease
*Exchange rate used: US$1 = PHP (Philippines peso) 55.

DEVELOPMENT COST INFORMATION*

Combined costs for Greenbelt 2, Greenbelt 3, and Greenbelt 4 *Exchange

rate used: US$1 = PHP (Philippines peso) 55.
Site Improvement Cost: $6,953,455
Construction Costs: $27,190,546
Retail component: $21,448,182
Residential component (Greenbelt 2 only): $3,128,364
Cinema: $1,911,818 Other:
$702,182
Soft Costs: $4,068,364
Architecture/engineering: $2,654,545
Preoperating costs: $247,455
Walkways: $186,000
Pretermination expenses: $454,364
Other: $526,000
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST: $38,212,364
DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Greenbelt 2 Greenbelt 3 Greenbelt 4

Planning started 1999 1999 1999

Construction started October 2000 October 2000 March 2002

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Construction November 2001 May 2002 August 2003

completed
Opening date May 2002 June 2002 November 2003

Table 10 Greenbelt’s Project Data

DRIVING DIRECTIONS

Figure 31 Driving Direction to Greenbelt Mall

http://www.metromaniladirections.com/2010/04/how-to-get-to-ayala-center.html

From Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport: Take Edsa Highway toward the Makati business district (about 20 minutes), get
off Edsa Highway by following a sign that says Arnaiz Avenue, and make a lefthand turn onto Arnaiz Avenue. Go straight until the
first traffic light and then turn right onto Makati Avenue.
Between the hours of 4 p.m. and 9 p.m., however, Arnaiz Avenue becomes a one-way street, so it is necessary to exit Edsa
Highway by following the sign that says Arnaiz Avenue and turning left onto Ayala Avenue—instead of Arnaiz Avenue. At the
second traffic light on Ayala Avenue, make a left onto Makati Avenue to Esperanza Street.
Driving time: Approximately 30 minutes in nonpeak traffic.
Anne Frej, report author
Jason Scully, editor, Development Case Studies
David James Rose, copy editor
Joanne Nanez, online production manager
This Development Case Study is intended as a resource for subscribers in improving the quality of future projects. Data contained
herein were made available by the project's development team and constitute a report on, not an endorsement of, the project by
ULI–the Urban Land Institute.
Copyright © 2006 by ULI–the Urban Land Institute
 P a g e | 67

1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, N.W., Suite 500 West, Washington D.C. 20007-5201

Figure 32 Aerial View of Greenbelt

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf
Greenbelt is a commercial complex positioned as a lifestyle center catering to the shopping, dining, and entertainment needs of
office workers and residents in Manila's Makati business district.

Figure 33 Ayala Land Inc.

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf
 P a g e | 68

Developed by Ayala Land Inc., this multiphase project consists of Greenbelt 1, which offers convenience and food services to
daytime office workers; Greenbelt 2, which features high-end dining and two- and three-story rental units; Greenbelt 3, which
provides a mix of food, entertainment, and shopping outlets; and Greenbelt 4, which is an upscale retail destination.

Figure 34 Greenbelts’ Open Area

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf

Figure 35 Greenbelt Restaurant

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf

Greenbelt 3, the most prominent portion of the development, is a four-level complex with two distinct faces-a street-facing facade
projects an urban character with its unified row of storefronts, while the interior facade that faces a park has a more organic,
curvilinear form that incorporates public pathways terraced up to outdoor seating and dining areas for restaurants and cafes.
 P a g e | 69

In designing Greenbelt, the development team decided to create a lifestyle entertainment destination with the intention of
distinguishing Greenbelt from its competitors while targeting professionals in their 20s to 40s.

Figure 36 Ground Floor of Greenbelt

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf

The ground floor of Greenbelt 3 is occupied by cafes and restaurants, as well as fashion retailers such as Lacoste, Kate Spade,
Nike, Adidas, Springfield, and Gas. The second floor primarily features casual dining outlets and cafes. The third floor houses the
cinema ticket lobby, cafes, bars, and Time zone, a family entertainment center.
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Figure 37 Greenbelt site plan.

Source: https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C036005.pdf
 P a g e | 71

4.1 LOCAL STUDIES

“K” 4.1.2 EASTWOOD CITY BY MEGAWORLD CORPORATION

Figure 38: Eastwood City

Source: Wikipedia – Eastwood City

PROJECT TYPE

Eastwood City is a mixed-use development complex located in Barangay Bagumbayan, Quezon City. It is Megaworld
Corporation’s first “live-work-play” community that offers complete amenities, and establishments for living, working,
playing, and shopping. Launched in 1997, the 18.5 hectares (46 acres) of land has stretched into three lifestyle malls
namely, (1) Eastwood Mall, (2) Eastwood Citywalk I and II, (3) Eastwood Cyber and Fashion Mall that provides families,
professionals and urbanites a variety of shopping, dining and recreation facilities. Apart from these establishments,
Eastwood City also boasts 19 high-rise residential towers and its open park.

LOCATION

Barangay Bagumbayan, Quezon City

SITE SIZE

46 acres/18.5 hectares
 P a g e | 72

LAND USES

Lifestyle Center, Entertainment Center, Retail & Shopping Center, Cinema, Restaurants, Urban Living , Cyber Park

KEYWORDS/SPECIAL FEATURES

 Cyber Park
 Lifestyle Center
 Entertainment Center
 Urban Living

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Eastwood City is an 18.5-hectare (46 acres) mixed use development complex at the heart of Manila. This
project is self-sufficient and self-contained because it contains 19 residential high-rise towers to live in, an IT school to
study in, a Cyber Park to work in, and a variety of dining, shopping and entertainment establishments to indulge in. It
provides a lifestyle imbued with a level of privilege to its users.

Megaworld Corporation, the spearhead of this project, is a real-estate company in our country that develops
large-scale, mixed-use, planned communities incorporating residential, commercial, educational, and leisure
components in its projects. Founded in 1989 by Andrew Tan, Megaworld Corp. has been active in engaging real-estate
development, leasing and marketing. They have numerous properties throughout the country, one of them being Venice
Grand Canal at McKinley Hill. It is another lifestyle mall popular for its design and architecture with Spanish and Italian
elements.

Figure 39: Venice Grand Canal, another Lifestyle Mall by Megaworld Corp.

Source: Google Images – Venice Grand Canal at McKinley Hill

 P a g e | 73

The development of Eeastwood City was crafted as a community of the future, with establishments one can
possibly need, located at very convenient places. Eastwood Mall is a four level mall that houses restaurants as well as
four cinemas. The mall also has an open space, the Eastwood Mall Open Park which has a lagoon and a fountain. This
venue is good for large community events such as the annual New Year’s Eve countdown. Eastwood City Walk I and II
is a combination of 2 dining strips, providing an array of restaurants and bars targeting the nightlife scene. It also features
the Eastwood City Walk of Fame which is directly inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame and an outdoor area called
the Eastwood Central Plaza, which regularly hosts live performances, fairs, pet activities and other outdoor events.
Eastwood Cyber and Fashion Mall houses a host of establishments that cater to different lifestyles, from fashion stores,
book stores, beauty and wellness and more. Lastly, The Eastwood City Cyberpark, which is a PEZA certified business
center housing major IT companies and other BPO companies occupying its office buildings throughout the complex.

THE SITE, SITE PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Until the late 1990s, much of the working population of Metro Manila has been largely confined into 3 main
business districts: Binondo, Makati, and Ortigas Center. These are places with towering skyscrapers and where most
business activity is based. But in the late 1990s, with the internet as the emerging digital communication, infrastructures
needed to keep up with these digital advances. Enter Megaworld Corporation, an upstart property developer that was
eager to develop its own business district that could rival Ayala and Ortigas. Their strategy focused on developing and
marketing its planned business district, targeted towards the large and emerging IT businesses was the key to stand out.

Figure 40: Business Districts in Metro Manila

Source: Google Maps – Metro Manila (Street View)

Megaworld acquired a piece of property (sources vary on the land area at 17, 18, or 18.5 square meters) in
the then industrial complex of Libis-Bagumbayan area. This would be the foundation of what would become Eastwood
City, the Philippines’ first cyberpark in which it was developed specifically for technology businesses in mind.
 P a g e | 74

It is established that the primary use of the land was initially for businesses to set up shop. Fortunately,
Megaworld was able to secure Citibank Philippines and the Philippine office of Big Blue itself, IBM to relocate in their
would-be cyber park. But the business component was just part of Megaworld’s vision for Eastwood City. The fact that it
was named a “city” should have given it away.

Alongside the booming age of modernization and a rising global economy, many developments have sprung
up across the Philippines, particularly township developments. By definition, townships are large-scale, integrated,
mixed-use developments. They are urbanized projects that dabble in a little bit of everything. This includes residential
units, office spaces, commercial areas, and hospitality. Although there are no strict by-laws on what can be considered
a township, they all have one thing in common: townships provide a web of integrated projects that can cater to the
basic needs of its residents.

Figure 41: Foreign and Local Examples of Urban Township Developments

Source: Left – sdm.architects.com / Right – megaworldcorp.com/townships

What Megaworld Corporation envisioned was to be that one place where people can live, work, shop, dine,
and enjoy all within its 18.5 hectare property. An all-in-one development where everything is accessible by just a few
steps. And thus, Eastwood City stands as not just the first cyberpark but also one of the first to introduce and popularize
the concept of a “township” which helped change the landscape of the metropolis. Eastwood’s residential towers had
this ornate European-inspired facades evident in infrastructures like The Palazzo and Eastwood Excelsior. For
the commercial component, Megaworld sought to introduce a novel concept wherein the commercial spaces are low-
rise and much of this space’s component is open-air. Resulting in the Eastwood City Walk, a commercial area lined with
rows of restaurants offering alfresco dining, and an open air events place called Central Plaza.
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Figure 42: Eastwood City Site Development Plan

Source: Scribd.com – About Eastwood City

It was in 2009 that Eastwood City finally had a big shopping mall of its own right, the Eastwood
Mall. It is a 4-level mall with a bigger retail floor area at 47,000 square meters and 7 cinemas, including the
exclusive and posh Ultra Cinema. It connects to two other towers on each side of the mall: a residential tower
and a hotel the Eastwood Richmonde. More than 20 years since Eastwood City was first unveiled, at this
point the development of the area is almost complete. The Eastwood Global Plaza, a mixed residential,
office, commercial development at the southern end of the township is yet to finish.
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Figure 43: Eastwood Cyber and Fashion Mall

Source: Google Images – Eastwood City Cyber and Fashion Mall

PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION

In terms of planning, Megaworld Corporation has tried and balanced the demands of landowners
and developers, with the needs and concerns of the community and the policy framework. Besides being heavily
involved in every aspect of developing Eastwood City, they took the following into consideration:

 Balancing community, business and environmental needs.

 Helping to inform and direct local and national policy.
 Safeguarding green and other public spaces.
 Assessing planning applications.
 Attracting investment and industry to an area.
 Protecting buildings of historical and architectural merit/importance.
 Ensuring that land suitable for development is readily available.
 Assessing the effects of proposals on the environment and local community.
 Inspection, monitoring and enforcement action.
 Negotiating and working with professionals such as developers, surveyors and architects.
 Encouraging education and awareness.
 Undertaking specialist research.
 Advising on issues related to transport traffic and infrastructure.
 Advising on neighbourhood planning issues.

Figure 44: Eastwood Le Grand: A high-rise residential tower Figure 45: Eastwood City Garden

Source: megaworldcorp.com/residences Source: TheUrbanRoamer – Eastwood City Garden

Redefining the retail and dining scene with the Eastwood City Walk back in 2001, Megaworld Corporation
expanded the concept to the Eastwood Lifestyle Mall in 2008. They were proactive in identifying design themes and
specific tenants for the development. Their consultants conducted feasibility studies, focus groups, and traffic counts to
enhance their research regarding the Manila market scene.
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Figure 46: Eastwood Citywalk I, a dining strip that provides an array of restaurants and bars

Source: TheUrbanRoamer – Eastwood Citywalk I

Eastwood City’s development was heavily influenced by the company’s drive to see through their vision: More
than just shopping for necessities, the mall culture in the Philippines brings together families and friends and the company
has taken advantage of that knowledge by the continuous expansion of Eastwood City.

The existence of nearby commercial and industrial establishments has not hindered the growth of Eastwood
City. As new and modern infrastructures emerge, Eastwood also continues to expand and this is evident in the almost
complete Eastwood Global Plaza, another mixed-use development under its name. It also helps that in tmore than 20
years of business, Eastwood has established its place as a center of trade and leisure entertainment. While some critics
argue that it is outdated judging by the emergence of new lifestyle malls outside Manila, Eastwood City steadfastly hosts
big events, local or foreign that keeps consumers coming.

DESIGN

It is established that Eastwood City, initially a business hub for technology gradually morphed into a township.
In designing this project, Megaworld had made use of the traditional designs of a township but also incorporated modern
twists and sleek elements to its façade making it more appealing to its consumers. With its low-to-mid rise establishments
making for a more comfortable setting but at the same time consists of elegant and sleek high-rise residential buildings
that is both comfortable and luxurious living spaces.
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Figure 46: Exterior of Eastwood Mall Figure 47: Eastwood City Facade

Source: Google Images – Eastwood City, Quezon City Source: Google Images – Eastwood City, Quezon City

Eastwood Mall features its modern, world-class interior design with spacious hallways and common areas,
one can tell from the get-go that the Eastwood Mall is not just an ordinary, boring mall. Each store is given enough space
to show their merchandise as well as their creative interior design. This is a must on malls as spaces are provided mainly
for the users and businesses focused on the populace interests plus a good interior design never falters on attracting
customers. This is a mall that doesn’t just have first-class brands in it; it offers a full-scale concierge and personal butler
service as well. The concierge is not just there to give you directions to the store you’re looking for, but they will actually
walk with you and take you there. And having an able-bodied butler to carry your bags for you is really convenient with

style.

Figure 48: Interior of Eastwood Mall Figure 49: Aerial View of Eastwood Mall

Source: Flickr Photos (2009) Source: Google Images – Eastwood City

The development of Eastwood City was crafted as a community of the future, with establishments one can
possibly need, located at very convenient places. Besides the lifestyle shopping mall, Eastwood City also has multiple
projects in this township. They have no doubt upped their game especially when it comes to high rise residential
towers. Here are some of their most prominent condominium projects.
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Figure 50: One Eastwood Avenue Figure 51: Eastwood Legrand 3 Figure 52: Eastwood Global Plaza

Source: Left to Right – www.megaworldcorp.com/residences

 One Eastwood Avenue

This magnificent 47 and 52-storey twin-tower has an all glass façade together with its Manhattan Skyline
and has direct access to an array of the township’s modern facilities such as the Lifestyle Mall, wellness centers, retail
hotspots, high-end office towers, and world-class learning institutions. It’s a relaxing home in the “city within the city”.

Figure 53: Lifestyle Mall directly below One Eastwood Avenue Towers Figure 54: 1Br Unit Layout

Source: Left to Right – PropertyCentral: One Eastwood Avenue Condominium in Quezon City
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 Eastwood LeGrand 3
Enjoy a standout lifestyle at Eastwood LeGrand 3. Here, there are no small luxuries, only grand ones. With 715
units available, this 30 storey tower with modern architectural design complete with a fully wired cyberpark and a
near high end corporate office is the epitome of luxurious living. Own two levels of living space at your lavish loft—the
perfect starting point from which to enjoy all the comforts fit for a VIP. Right outside your doorstep is a high-energy city, a
fully-wired CyberPark, and an exciting array of ever-evolving leisure attractions laid out

Figure 55: 7th Floor Plan of Eastwood LeGrand 3

Source: megaworldcorp.com/residences/eastwood-legrand-3

1Br w/ Balcony Layout A 1Br w/ Balcony Layout B 2Br Layout 2Br Layout Loft

Figure 56: Types of Unit in Legrand 3

Source: megaworldcorp.com/residences/eastwood-legrand-3
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 Eastwood Global Plaza Luxury Residence

Your own space at this 30-storey residential development makes everyday living easier. With 474 interior
finished units available, a residential lobby with reception counter and lounge area complete with Wi-fi internet access at
main lobby and amenity floor. Its unique features also include an all glass façade incorporated with minimal green
architecture.

Figure 57: Site Development Plan of Eastwood Global Plaza Luxury Residence

Source: megaworldcorp.com/residences/eastwood-global-plaza-luxury-residence
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Figure 58: Typical Floor Plan of Eastwood Global Plaza Luxury Residence

Source: megaworldcorp.com/residences/eastwood-global-plaza-luxury-residence

 The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

It is a majestic 38-storey tower that captures the opulence and beauty of a European palace. Its stunning
frescoes, loggias and balconies inspired by the celebrated treasures of Europe are among the captivating elements that
imbue this magnificent residence. Palazzo's two residential wings "Da Vinci and the Michelangelo" are awe-inspiring with
their arches, ornate moldings, and marble finishes. The Palazzo's garden is a landscaped masterpiece highlighted by fine
marble figures of Roman gods and goddesses while its Palladian-styled swimming pool is a Roman-inspired bath framed by
balustrades and flanked by colonnades.
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Figure 59: Different Views of the Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Source: Google Images – The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Figure 60: Site Development Plan of the Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Source: lionunion.com/property/the-grand-eastwood-palazzo/
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Types of Unit in The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

2Br Unit w/ Balcony Layout A 1Br Unit w/ Balcony 2Br Unit w/ Balcony Layout B

Figure 61: Types of Unit in The Grand Eastwood Palazzo

Source: lamudi.com.ph/projects/the-grand-eastwood-palazzo/

FINANCING, MARKETING, AND MANAGEMENT

The International Finance Corporation, the private sector arm of the World Bank Group, agreed to provide
Eastwood Cyber One Corporation, with a ten-year, $12.5 million loan for a project to expand its office space in Eastwood
City. Eastwood Cyber One Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Megaworld Corporation, one the nation’s largest
property developers. Today’s financing follows an IFC loan to Eastwood of $20 million in 2002 for its first expansion of
office space in Eastwood City. IFC is providing longer term financing than would be available locally to a project promoting
information technology infrastructure attractive to foreign investors and providing training and skilled employment to local
workers.

Eastwood City has become a leading provider of office space to the business process outsourcing, or BPO,
industry, an important driver of economic growth in the Philippines. The loan will partially fund the construction of an
information technology-ready property with 70,000 square meters available for lease. It will supply space demanded by
multinational and domestic BPO firms. In 2002, Eastwood City CyberPark was Megaworld’s first venture catering to the
business processing outsourcing sector. Today, the CyberPark has become a hub for call centers and business process
outsourcing centers of multinational technology companies including IBM, Citibank, Sitel, Epixtar, and eTelecare. Total
space for such workers have increased from 2,000 five years ago to about 40,000 in 2005. The spaces are estimated to
double this year.

“Megaworld, through Eastwood, is a leader in the development of information technology infrastructure in the
Philippines. This project, in a strategically important sector, will attract more investors and create good jobs”, said IFC
Country Manager, Vipul Bhagat.
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Andrew Tan, President of Megaworld Corporation even claimed, “We are pleased over this latest show of
support from IFC for an important office project at the Eastwood City CyberPark. It will help bolster the country’s status
as a leading business process outsourcing hub in the region.”

EXPERIENCE GAINED

Eastwood Mall Complex is a privately owned shopping and entertainment district with exclusive condos that is
presented as ‘exemplifying public life flourishing in privately owned spaces. By defining public space simply a space that
most people can enter, and public life as a fun consumer experience, Disneyland would qualify as a public space by
Eastwood’s definition. Even taking a photograph is prohibited in its spaces festooned with Orwellian banners proclaiming
Eastwood to be ‘Your City’. The main point of the Eastwood reference is not to debate about public versus private
ownership, but rather between a city that has a public life with a public sphere of governance that is manifested in its
public spaces versus a city composed of controlled spaces in which people have no rights of assembly, political
engagement, protest or even spontaneous gatherings for non-consumptive purposes. Some private spaces, such as
traditional teahouses or coffee shops, can fulfil this public charge, but the current corporatization of the city is inimical to
it.

Eastwood Mall has received a moderate amount of positive reviews and response from the public. It has a 4-
star rating based on most of the user’s reviews. It is pretty much all about the quality of life services of the place and their
fine dining with the comfy ambiance suitable for people who are interested on a leisure vacation or visit on Manila. The
place also provides a mild and soothing feeling for everyone visiting the mall since not only the temperature but also their
food choices and even allows pet so its basically a pet friendly mall for everyone who want a stroll with their pets.
Eastwood Mall is also highly secured with a lot of policemen patrolling the areas. It also serves as one of the foundation
for the Eastwood city complex for its luxury hotels and residents to have a leisure strolling without no worries about
commuting or security since it is enclosed and families can be a bit lighter on their worries.

ASSESSMENT

There is no doubt that Eastwood City is an impressive township and lifestyle shopping mall. Having studied its strong
and weak points extensively, we can certainly apply some but not all of its design and planning characteristics regarding
this project of a lifestyle shopping mall in Pallocan East.

- The high rise condominium towers for example will not be included in designing the project for the reason that its
location with it being in a residential community does not really complement each other. However, their modern
architectural design of an all glass facade should definitely be incorporated in designing this lifestyle mall for the
reason that it helps with natural lighting, cross ventilation and adds an elegant touch to its design.

- The planning of Eastwood City that resembles a township of sorts can also be applied when planning the lifestyle
mall. The site's location in Pallocan East, a small residential town with a significant amount of commercial
establishments surrounding its parameters is perfect for a new and fun place where family and friends can gather
to enjoy its amenities and services.
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- Developing something akin to Eastwood Citywalk, a circular dining strip in the middle of this proposed mall could
make for a comfortable setting between friends and families that also promotes a sustainable design with green
architecture and tropical elements giving color to the place.

- Open parks and playground in the heart of such a project could also be beneficial for better air circulation. It also
gives a unique twist in designing instead of the traditional shopping malls where all retail and dining
establishments are confined in one single building. This new approach in designing a mall not only promotes
sustainability in terms of utilizing the site to its optimum capacity but also gives importance to its user's health
and well-being. What with the pandemic becoming a permanent strain in our daily activities, having an
establishment that uses natural ventilation and natural sunlight essentially prevents the air borne virus to spread
and not to mention forces people to socially distance because of the multiple walkways and open parks we plan
to develop.

- The presence of green architecture is one of the weakest points we've noticed in the development of Eastwood
City. Perhaps the reason for this is its location. Being in the heart of the nation's capital (Metro Manila), it can be
hard to utilize green architecture to its full potential when an area is heavily crowded and industrialized to the
point that is stifling. This is what we plan to rectify in designing a lifestyle mall in Pallocan East. The proposed
mall will be heavily influenced with green elements. Both for aesthetic and sustainable reasons. There is nothing
holding us back from utilizing green and tropical architecture except for the excessive amount of heat in Batangas
City which can be helped by carefully selecting plants that have no qualms being in the sun for too long a time.
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4.2 FOREIGN STUDIES

“L” PARC CENTRAL, Guangzhou, China

Figure 62 Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com
PROJECT TYPE
First and foremost, the design needed to be an integral part of the city’s development. The design had to respect
Guangzhou’s ‘Central Axis’, ensuring a 40m wide visual corridor was left unobstructed on the site. The rapid development around
the Central Axis over the past 20 years has made the city’s skyline, in places, unstructured and cluttered. Parc Central, given its
location in the centre of Guangzhou, had a unique opportunity to bring a rhythm back to the city’s skyline as a low-density
development. Another important aspect was for the design to provide ample green breathing spaces for the community. As one of
the fastest growing cities in China, Guangzhou has aimed to create more green spaces for citizens, and the Central Axis has been
positioned as one of the most important green belts as part of this goal. Developed on the site of a former public square, the vision
for Parc Central was to ensure the new development gave back to the community and established a new urban park for the city.
As a commercial development, the client also placed an emphasis on ensuring that Parc Central was commercially viable; bringing
value to the wider neighbourhood and surrounding plots. The design needed to merge the idea of the community parkland with a
retail and shopping destination, leveraging significant transport connections as part of the proposal. Benoy’s concept married these
ideas by introducing the submerged park concept with the well-connected above and below-ground mall.
Location: Guangzhou, China
Site Area: 110000 m²
Total GFA: 110,424 m²
Retail GFA: 44,360 m²
Architects: Benoy
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Located in the heart of the business district of the city, this project was envisioned as a "Stadium for retail"; it
includes rich urban landscaping elements, and emphasizes its surroundings by the use of different levels and heights
that form paths and create interspaces that connect the project with the rest of the city. The project includes an urban
park that acts as a green mattress to counteract the heavy traffic from the Tianhe Road, and gifts the urban landscape
with a breathing spot.
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The shape of the building responds to the Chinese symbol for peace, harmony, and fortune: the double fish; the two
buildings arch around the park, as the fish do.

Figure 63 The Business circle surrounding Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com

Figure 64 Aerial View of Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com
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Figure 65 Aerial View of Parc Central at night showcasing the “Double-Fish” Design

Source: www.benoy.com

SITE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Developed on the site of a former public square, Benoy describes the vision for Parc Central as one which
aimed to contribute socially, spatially and economically to the city. Located along Guangzhou’s 1.5km ‘Green Axis’, Parc
Central was to form the focal point of this initiative and essentially create a new ‘Central Park’ along the major Tianhe
Road thoroughfare which dissects the city.

“Our design was inspired by the major central parks around the world,” says Janet Chan, Senior Associate Director at
Benoy. “We wanted to bring that landscaped environment to the heart of Guangzhou and create a place to stop and
breathe within the CBD.”

The result is a distinctive 110,000m2 retail development which is designed around an open parkland. Forming the heart
of the development, the landscape, with its varying levels and forms of greenery, has created a place to socialise, rest
and relax.
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Figure 66 Site Development Plan of Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com

Figure 67 Section A Facing North

Source: www.benoy.com

In order to achieve this, Benoy’s Team placed much of the development underground, allowing the scheme to
preserve the ground level. The result has seen the development gain 60% green coverage, enabling the gardens, planted
walkways and living walls to come to the forefront of the design; delivering on its offer of a soothing and re-balanced
environment within the Tianhe district.

“Creating multiple ground levels within a scheme is very powerful as it creates further opportunity across the
development. Within Parc Central, the large sunken garden connects to the B1 and B2 levels, drawing the natural light
and greenery into these spaces and allowing them to have a physical connection with the outdoors,” explained Chan.
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DESIGN

Upon visiting Parc Central, it’s easy to see why the development catches the eye. As a low-rise building, it stands to only
27m in height, with two levels above ground and three levels underground. Being lower than the surrounding buildings,
the design called for a striking and powerful visual statement; one which would add to the rhythm of the city’s central
axis. And this is exactly what is has delivered.

Drawing on the symbol for peace, harmony and fortune in the Chinese culture, the architecture references the ‘Double
fish’ in the form of two steel monocoque roof structures. The two buildings curve around the central gardens and are
joined by a pedestrian bridge at one end.

“Since Parc Central is located along the city’s ‘Green Axis’, there were a number of limitations which we had to overcome
in the design process. One of these was the 45m-wide green belt which runs down the middle of the site. We had to
keep this space open and therefore our concept for the two buildings help to achieve this,” explains Chan.

Delivering the scheme’s striking shape, the two permeable monocoque roof canopies are supported by tree-like columns
beneath which sit a series of gardens, extending the landscape element up the building. The design has meant Parc
Central’s green offer is available at all levels of the scheme.

The statement architecture also creates a spectacular landmark both during the day and at night. The roof comes alive
through its network of LED lights which can be programmed in a variety of different styles. Along the rooftop walkways,
UED lights have been installed beneath the glass railings which allow the stone paths to glow at night.

Figure 68 Design Evolution of Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com
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DESIGN EVOLUTION
At the heart of Parc Central’s design has always been landscaping
and the idea to open up the building form with a stepped public space at the
heart of the site. The main design evolution concerns the building form. Early
concepts experimented with a ‘V-shaped’ design which featured continuous
buildings and sharper edges. However, this was quickly progressed to the
‘Double fish’ form with two complimentary buildings displaying softer, curved
edging to capture the vision for the scheme.

APPROVED DESIGN
The final approved design comprises two permeable buildings,
showcasing the iconic ‘Double fish’ form. The design was picked not only due
to its local and cultural significance but also due to its unique shape which
allowed Parc Central to fulfil its brief as a compelling addition to the cityscape.
The final design allows the development to fulfil its vision as an urban park and
‘place to breathe’ within the city centre as well as a transit-oriented, retail and
leisure hub.

Figure 69 Isometric View of Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com

SYMBOLIC ARCHITECTURE
The ‘Double fish’ has a rich symbolic meaning in both
Chinese culture and Feng Shui, depicted on artwork, clothing,
tattoos and even with live fish used in landscape design. It is not
only a symbolic representation of joy and unity, but also a symbol
of rejuvenation and the power of continuation. This ancient
symbol inspired the design team as they developed the
architectural style for Parc Central. Developed as two buildings,
the form also allowed the scheme to respect the Central Axis by
creating a 40m wide central visual corridor through the site. The
form of the buildings together with the sunken courtyard
exposing the underground levels has also enabled the
development to increase exposure to the shopfronts and retail
and dining offers; producing greater value for retailers and an
enhanced experience for visitors.

THE INTELLIGENT ARCHITECTURE SERVES MANY

PURPOSES – IT IS AS FUNCTIONAL AS IT IS BEAUTIFUL.”

Figure 70 Double-Fish Concept of Parc Central

Source: www.benoy.com
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Figure 71 Parc Central Sits on Guangzhou’s Central Axis

Source: www.benoy.com

EXPERIENCED GAINED

Parc Central has been recognised with the top award at the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) China
Awards this year. Presented at a gala event in Shanghai on 6 April, Parc Central in Guangzhou was presented with the Gold Award
for Design and Development (New Development) by the ICSC.

Parc Central was celebrated as one of Benoy’s biggest openings in 2016. Set in the heart of Guangzhou’s new Central Business
District, the development established a new typology for the Pearl River Delta city; a green ‘Stadium for Retail’ which uniquely
blends a low-rise shopping scheme within a multi-level parkland.
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Benoy’s Team delivered the Masterplan, Architecture and Interior Design for the development and combined retail, transit-oriented
and public realm design strategies to deliver the compelling addition to Guangzhou’s cityscape. The development has been
recognised by a number of industry programmes including the China Property Awards, A&D Trophy Awards and MIPIM Asia
Awards.

The ICSC China Awards Programme launched in 2015 under the ICSC Global Awards. The awards have been designed to
recognise excellence, innovation and creativity within China’s retail real estate industry honouring outstanding achievement in the
design and development of retail properties and stores.

MONOCOQUE STRUCTURE

The monocoque structure, together with the sophisticated tree column and touch down systems, were engineered to
support the ETFE roof structure. The design has aimed to bring public spaces to each of the development’s levels. The Sky Garden
on L2, for example, is sheltered by the ETFE monocoque and helps to achieve the aim of Parc Central’s civic offer. A changeable
LED lighting programme has been installed on the monocoque structure, allowing the scheme to draw attention to its architectural
form both day and night.

“THE MONOCOQUE STRUCTURE HELPS TO BRING THE

FORM OF PARC CENTRAL ALIVE.”

Figure 72 Monocoque Structure

Source: www.benoy.com
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AMPLE DUPLEX AND TRIPLEX STOREFRONTS QUALITIES

To enhance Parc Central’s retail

experience, the entire above-ground building has
been designed for duplex and triplex shop fronts of
over 12m in height. The design enables tenants to
maximize their brand exposure and aids in the visual
wayfinding for visitors.

Figure 73 Parc Central’s Underground

Source: www.benoy.com

SKYLIGHT DESIGN
Bringing the outdoors ‘in’ is crucial when designing the lower ground floors of a mall. Benoy’s Team applied multiple
Interior Design tactics to create a visual illusion of being in an above-ground space. The central skylight is one such example, an
enlarged, glazed space which draws in natural light and gives visitors a visual connection to the scenery and environment outside.

Figure 74 Skylight Design Figure 75 Exterior Details of Parc Central Figure 76 Sky Garden

Source: www.benoy.com
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Figure 77 Function Axonometric

Source: www.benoy.com

Figure 78 Parc Central Site Location

Source: www.benoy.com
 GLOSSARY

Airborne Toxins- Toxic, or hazardous, air pollutants cause or are suspected of causing cancer, birth defects, or other serious
harms. They can be gases, like hydrogen chloride, benzene or toluene, dioxin, or compounds like asbestos, or elements such as
cadmium, mercury, and chromium.
Ambience- a feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person, or thing: the character and atmosphere of a place.
Amenities- a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.
Architectural Approach- design approach and thought strategy that depend on a variety of factors - from a client’s vision to the
external environment
Architectural Design- a concept that focuses on components or elements of a structure. An architect is generally the one in
charge of the architectural design. They work with space and elements to create a coherent and functional structure.
Civic Buildings- a central landmark in the geographical or business center of a town or city. It includes libraries, town halls, concert
halls, public squares, government buildings, schools and landmarks such as bridges.
Contemporary Architecture- the movement where modern styles blend, sharing various features. And these styles rely on fewer
classicized building ideas.
Cultural Facilities- a space that is "open to the public that provides cultural services and facilities including, but not limited to,
museums, cultural centers, historical societies, and libraries operated by a public, private, or nonprofit organization.
Demands- an economic principle referring to a consumer's desire to purchase goods and services and willingness to pay a price
for a specific good or service.
Dynamic Structures- a result of a decade-long experience in the research of innovative building components, capable of
interacting with climate conditions and regulating energy flows through the building surface.
Ecological Sustainability- defined as the maintenance or restoration of the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems
including the diversity of plant and animal communities and the productive capacity of ecological systems
Economic Growth- an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy.
External Factors- those influences, circumstances or situations that cannot control that can affect the project or business decisions
that the business owner and stakeholders make.
Filtration- the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits
the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles.
Green Architecture- philosophy of architecture that advocates sustainable energy sources, the conservation of energy, the reuse
and safety of building materials, and the siting of a building with consideration of its impact on the environment.
Leisure- has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time. Free time is time spent away from business, work, job
hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping.
Lifestyle Shopping Mall- a shopping center, or mixed-use commercial development that combines retail with other services, such
as restaurants, movie theaters, apartment complexes, medical services, and more.
Low-Humidity Environments- when humidity levels are extremely low, you lose more water vapor through respiration and the
pores in your skin. This can cause chronic dry skin, chapped lips, a scratchy throat, and an itchy nose.
Mixed Use Development- are a combination of residential, commercial, and cultural buildings that are planned within a city. These
real estate projects can range from a single building to an entire neighborhood and are typically developed to correspond to the
specific needs of the location and demographics of the area.
Municipal Parks- playground, athletic field, recreation building, and community center operated on a noncommercial basis for
recreation purposes. Municipal park means an area that is zoned or otherwise designated by municipal code as a public park for
the purpose of recreational activity.
Natural Calamities- a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include firestorms, dust storms,
floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and other geologic processes.
Natural Resources- are resources that exist without any actions of humankind. This includes the sources of valued characteristics
such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value.
Office Concentrations- employees' ability to stay focused on a task or goal, and consequently, increase productivity and optimize
time management.
Recreation- refers to all those activities that people choose to do to refresh their bodies and minds and make their leisure time
more interesting and enjoyable. Examples of recreation activities are walking, swimming, meditation, reading, playing games and
dancing.
Renewable Materials- include biomass energy (such as ethanol), hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy.
Biomass refers to organic material from plants or animals. This includes wood, sewage, and ethanol (which comes from corn or
other plants).
Restaurant Clusters- geographic concentration of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service companies and
support agents in a certain area in which they compete, but also cooperate.
Stability Precautions- some precautions which can be taken to ensure the stability of anything related to the project.
Ventilation- the provision of fresh air to a room, building, etc., provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the pollutants
originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it.
 REFERENCES

5 Ways to Optimize Buildings for COVID-19 Prevention. (2020, March 19). Https://Centerforactivedesign.Org/.
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 Annexes

“A” Graph of the Monthly Average Rainfall in Batangas City 19

“B” Graph of the Monthly Average Temperature in Batangas City 19

“C” Graph of the Monthly Humidity in Batangas City 20

“D” Projected Population 1990-2020 25

“E” Age- Sex Pyramid of Household Population 27

“F” Labor Force Participation rate, CALABARZON 43

“G.1” Employment rate, CALABARZON 44

“G.2” Unemployment rate, CALABARZON 45

“G.3” Underemployment rate, CALABARZON 46

“H.1” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of 49

Commercial Complex

“H.2” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of the 50

Apartelle

“H.3” Organizational Structures od Administrative Department of the 51

Interactive Park Department

“I.1” General Behavioral Pattern of the Users 52

“I.2” General Behavioral Pattern of Customers/ Shoppers in the 52

Commercial Complex

“I.3” General Behavioral Pattern of guests in the Apartelle 52

“I.4” General Behavioral Pattern of the Users in the Interactive Park 53

J Greenbelt by Ayala Malls 54

K Eastwood City by Megaworld Corporation 68

L Parc Central, Guangzhou china 76