Borral - Nuestro (Regional Profile Analysis) - 2.0

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
(CvSU)
DON SEVERINO DE LAS ALAS CAMPUS
Indang, Cavite
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS
Submitted by:
BORRAL, MARIANNE C.
NUESTRO, JHON JOSHUA G.
Submitted to:
ARCH. KENN PAOLO C. VALERO, UAP

INSTRUCTOR ● ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IX
OCTOBER 20, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS
REGIONAL PROFILES Page
NCR (National Capital Region) ………………………………………………………………………………………….5

CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region) ………………………………………………………………….……………19
REGION I (Ilocos Region) ……………………………………………………………………………………………....25
REGION II (Cagayan Valley) ……………………………………………………………………………………….......29
REGION III (Central Luzon) ……………………………………………………………………………………….........35
REGION IV-A (CALABARZON) …………………………………………………………………………………….......43
REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA) ………………………………………………………………………………………........50
REGION V (Bicol Region) ………………………………………………………………………………………….........57
REGION VI (Western Visayas) ………………………………………………………………………………..….……. 63
REGION VII (Central Visayas) ……………………………………………………………………………….………… 70
REGION
REGIONAL VIII
PROFILE (Eastern Visayas) ………………………………………………………………………………..………. 75
ANALYSIS 2
REGION IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) …………………………………………………………………………….……. 81
REGION X (Northern Mindanao) ………………………………………………………………………………….…….86
REGION XI (Davao Region) ……………………………………………………………………………………….…….92
REGION XII (SOCSARGEN) …………………………………………………………………………………….………96
REGION XIII (CARAGA) ……………………………………………………………………………………………......100
BARMM (BANGSAMORO Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) ………………...…………………..……. 106
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SWOT ANALYSIS Page
NCR (National Capital Region) ………………………………………………………..……………………………..112

CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region) ……………………………………………….………………………….…113
REGION I (Ilocos Region) ………………………………………………………………………………………….....114
REGION II (Cagayan Valley) …………………………………………………………………………………….......117
REGION III (Central Luzon) ………………………………………………………………………………………......119
REGION IV-A (CALABARZON) ………………………………………………………………………………..….....122
REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA) ……………………………………………………………………………………........125
REGION V (Bicol Region) ………………………………………………………………………………………….....128
REGION VI (Western Visayas) ……………………………………………………………………………………….131
REGION VII (Central Visayas) ………………………………………………………………………………………..134
REGION VIII (Eastern Visayas) ………………………………………………………………………………….…...137
REGION IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) ………………………………………………………………………….……..139
REGION X (Northern Mindanao) ……………………………………………………………………………….…….142
REGION XI (Davao Region) …………………………………………………………………………………….…….144
REGION XII (SOCSARGEN) ………………………………………………………………………………….………146
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 3
REGION XIII (CARAGA) ………………………………………………………………………………………….......148
BARMM (BANGSAMORO Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) ……………………………………….....150
PERCENTAGE AND RANKING
SOCIAL SECTOR RANKING…………...…………………………………………………………………………….153

ECONOMIC SECTOR RANKING………………………………………………………………………………….…155
INFRASTRACTURE SECTOR RANKING ………………………………………………………………….……....157
INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR RANKING………………………………………………………………………............159
OVERALL RANKING …….…………………………………………………..………………………………….........161
SECTORAL RANKING ………………………………………………………………………………………………..163
CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 166
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REGIONAL PROFILE
ANALYSIS
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NCR- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
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NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NCR), also known as Metro Manila. It is composed of 16 cities: the city of Manila,
Quezon City, Caloocan, LasPiñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay,
Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality of Pateros. The region is the center of culture,
economy, education and government of the Philippines. Designated as a global power city, the region exerts a significant
impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and
internationally. It is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international
diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce.
The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product of the Philippines.
The region encompasses an area of 619.57 square kilometers (239.22 square miles) and a population of
13,484,462 as of 2020. It is the second most populous and the most densely populated region of the Philippines. It is also
the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 5th most populous urban area in the world.
The region was established in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824 in response to the needs to sustain the
growing population and for the creation for the center of political power and the seat of the government of the Philippines.
The Province of Manila, the predecessor entity of the region, is one of the first eight provinces that revolted against the
Spanish
REGIONALcolonial
PROFILErule in the Philippines at the end of the 19th century. Manila's role in the Revolution is honored in the flag
ANALYSIS 6
of the Philippines, where the sun's eight rays symbolize the eight revolutionary provinces.
Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon. The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending
from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east.
Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces. Instead, the
region is divided into four geographic areas called "districts." The districts have their district centers at the four original
cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), Quezon City (Eastern Manila), Caloocan (Northern Manila,
also informally known as Camanava), and Pasay (Southern Manila). The districts serve mainly to organize the region's
local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes.
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DISTRICT PROFILES
CAPITAL DISTRICT
CITY OF MANILA
The City of Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is highly urbanized and as of 2019
was the world's most densely populated city proper. It was the first chartered city in the country,
designated as such by the Philippine Commission Act 183 of July 31, 1901. It became
autonomous with the passage of Republic Act No. 409, "The Revised Charter of the City of
Manila," on June 18, 1949. Manila, Mexico City, and Madrid are considered the world's original
set of global cities because Manila's commercial networks were the first to extend across the
Pacific Ocean and connect Asia with the Spanish Americas. When this was accomplished, it
marked the first time in world history that an uninterrupted chain of trade routes circling the
planet had been established. Manila is the second most natural-disaster-afflicted capital city in the world after Tokyo.
Nevertheless, it is among the most populous and fastest growing cities in Southeast Asia.
REGIONAL PROFILE
Manila ANALYSIS
is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay. The Pasig River flows through the middle of the city, dividing 7
it into the north and south sections. The city comprises 16 administrative districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate,
Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa
Mesa and Tondo. It is divided into six political districts for the purposes of its representation in the Congress of the
Philippines and the election of city council members.
EASTERN MANILA DISTRICT
MANDALUYONG CITY
The City of Mandaluyong is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital
Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 425,758 people.
Located directly east of Manila, it is known for the Ortigas Center, a commercial and
business center that is also shared with the city of Pasig. Notable institutions and establishments
in the city include the Asian Development Bank, the headquarters of Banco De Oro and San
Miguel Corporation and shopping malls like Shangri-La Plaza and SM Megamall.
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The city is bordered by Manila to the west, San Juan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, Pasig to the east,
and Makati to the south. It is also the 6th-smallest city in the Philippines with a land area of 11.06 km2 (4.27 square
miles). Mandaluyong lies on a heart-shaped 11.06 square kilometers (4.27 square miles) of land, 7 kilometers (4.3 miles)
southeast of Manila and 8 kilometers (5.0 miles) west of Pasig. To the south lies Makati, to the northwest, San Juan, and
to the northeast, Quezon City.
MARIKINA CITY
The City of Marikina is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 456,059 people.
Located along the eastern border of Metro Manila, Marikina is the main gateway of Metro
Manila to Rizal and Quezon provinces through Marikina–Infanta Highway. It is bordered on the
west by Quezon City, to the south by Pasig and Cainta, to the north by San Mateo, and to the east
by Antipolo, the capital of Rizal province. It is approximately 21 kilometers (13 mi) away from
Manila and lies within 14°38′24″N 121°5′50″E. Marikina lies on the so-called Marikina Valley, which
extends to the south toward Pasig and Cainta, Rizal. Sierra Madre mountains lie to the east and Quezon City hills to the
west. Marikina River runs through the mid-west portion of the city, with its tributary including Nangka River.
The total land area of Marikina is approximately 21.5 km2 (2,150 ha; 5,300 acres). This represents about 3.42% of
the total land area of Metro Manila. At present, the city is composed of 16 barangays. Barangays Fortune, Concepcion
Uno, and Marikina Heights are among the largest in terms of land area.
The fertile Marikina Valley was founded by the Jesuits in 1630. Marikina was the provincial capital of the Province
of Manila under the First Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1899 during the Philippine Revolution. Following the onset of
American occupation, it was then organized as a municipality of Rizal Province, prior to the formation of Metro Manila in
1975. A formerly rural settlement, Marikina is now primarily residential and industrial and has become increasingly
commercial in recent years. The City of Marikina is considered one of the wealthiest local government units in the
Philippines.
Marikina is known as the "Shoe Capital of the Philippines" for its famous shoe industry. It is the biggest
manufacturer of shoes in the Philippines, producing almost 70% of shoes made in the country. Located in the city are the
Philippine International Footwear Center and the Shoe Museum, housing the infamous shoe collection of former First
Lady Imelda Marcos, wife of the late Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
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PASIG CITY
The City of Pasig is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the
Philippines. The city's name, "Pasig" is a Tagalog word which means "a river that flows into the sea"
or "sandy bank of a river." It is derived from Proto-Austronesian *pasiR, meaning "sandbank" or
"sea/river shoal". According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people. It is located
along the eastern border of Metro Manila with Rizal province, the city shares its name with the Pasig
River. A formerly rural settlement, Pasig is primarily residential and industrial, but has been
becoming increasingly commercial in recent years, particularly after the construction of the Ortigas
Center business district in its west. The city is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig, based in Pasig Cathedral, a
landmark built around the same time as the town's foundation in 1573.
Pasig was formerly part of Rizal province before the formation of Metro Manila, the national capital region of the
country. The seat of government of Rizal was hosted in Pasig at the old Rizal Provincial Capitol until a new capitol was
opened in Antipolo, within Rizal's jurisdiction in 2009. However, it remained as the official capital of the province until July
7, 2020. On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act 11475, which designated Antipolo as the
official
REGIONALcapital of Rizal.
PROFILE ANALYSIS 9
Pasig is bordered on the west by Quezon City and Mandaluyong; to the north by Marikina; to the south by Makati,
the municipality of Pateros, and Taguig; and to the east by the municipalities of Cainta and Taytay in the province of Rizal.
The Pasig River runs through it and forms its southwestern and southeastern borders with Makati and Taguig
respectively, while the Marikina River forms its western border with Quezon City. The artificial Manggahan Floodway, built
in 1986, begins at its confluence with the Marikina River in its northeast. It lies along 14°34′30″N 121°05′00″E coordinates.
QUEZON CITY
Quezon City also known as Q.C. (read in Filipino as Kyusi), is the most populous city
in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,960,048 people. It
was founded on October 12, 1939, and was named for Manuel L. Quezon, the second
president of the Philippines. The city was intended to be the national capital of the
Philippines that would replace Manila, as the latter was suffering from overcrowding, lack of
housing, poor sanitation, and traffic congestion. To create Quezon City, several barrios were
carved out from the towns of Caloocan, Marikina, San Juan and Pasig, in addition to the
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eight vast estates the Philippine government purchased for this purpose. It was officially proclaimed as the national capital
on October 12, 1949, and several government departments and institutions moved out of Manila and settled into the new
capital city. This necessitated the expansion of the city northwards, carving out Novaliches from Caloocan which divided it
into two non-contiguous parts. Several barrios were also taken from San Mateo and parts of Montalban. However, on
June 24, 1976, Presidential Decree 940 was enacted, which reverted back to Manila the status of being the national
capital while the whole of Metro Manila was designated as the seat of government.
Quezon City is known for its culture, entertainment industry and media, and is aptly called the "City of Stars". Major
broadcasting networks have their headquarters and studios in the city. It is also known for its commerce, education,
research, technology, politics, tourism, art and sports. Several national government branches including the Batasang
Pambansa Complex, the seat of House of Representatives of the Philippines, calls the city home.
Quezon City is a planned city. It covers a total area of 161.11 square kilometers (62.20 square miles), making it the
largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area. It is politically subdivided into Six Congressional Districts, which
represents the city in the Lower House of the Congress of the Philippines. The city has 142 barangays under the City
Government. National government departments and agencies are mostly situated at the National Government Center I
(NGC I) inPROFILE
REGIONAL Diliman, and the National Government Center II (NGC II) in Batasan Hills, where the Lower House of the
ANALYSIS 10
Philippine Congress is located. Most of the city's northern part lies at the foothills of the Sierra Madre mountain range,
including the La Mesa Watershed Reservation, the largest watershed in Metro Manila and a designated protected area.
The geography of Quezon City is characterized by undulating terrain. The city is within the catchment area of five
river systems – Marikina River, Pasig River, San Juan River, Tullahan River and Meycauayan River – along with their
creeks and tributaries with a total length of almost 200 km (120 mi). The city has an area of 161.11 km2 (62.20 square
miles), according to the 1995 GIS graphical plot, making it the largest Local Government Unit (LGU) in Metro Manila in
terms of land area. Since its creation in 1939, the city's boundary was revised four times; the final revision was made thru
Republic Act No. 1575, which placed the city's territory at 151.06 square kilometers (58.32 square miles). Meanwhile, the
Philippine Statistics Authority placed the city's land area at 171.71 square kilometers (66.30 square miles), based on data
provided by the Land Management Bureau. According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and
Geoscience Australia on their study earthquake impact and risk assessment on the Greater Metropolitan Manila Area, the
total area of Quezon City is at 165.33 km2 (64 square miles).
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SAN JUAN CITY
The City of San Juan is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. "San Juan" is a contraction of the city's traditional name of "San Juan del Monte"
(lit. 'Saint John of the Mountain'). As with numerous other places in the Philippines, the name
combines a patron saint and a toponym; in this case Saint John the Baptist with the locale's hilly
terrain and relatively higher elevation compared to surrounding areas. The city's official name is
"Dakilang Lungsód ng San Juan" (lit. 'Great City of San Juan').
According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 126,347 people. It is geographically
located at Metro Manila's approximate center and is also the country's smallest city in terms of land area. The city is
known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution
against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in
the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range
of upscale, boutique and bargain retail.
San Juan is the least-extensive city in the Philippines with a total area of just 595 hectares (2.30 square miles). The
city is bounded by Quezon City on the north and east, Mandaluyong on the south, and the City of Manila in the west.
NORTHERN MANILA DISTRICT (CAMANAVA)
CALOOCAN CITY
The City of Caloocan is a first class highly urbanized city in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines.
According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,661,584 people making it the fourth-most
populous city in the Philippines. Caloocan as a toponym comes from the Tagalog root word lo-ok;
kalook-lookan (or kaloob-looban) means "innermost area". The city's name is colloquially spelled as
Kalookan. Caloocan is divided into two geographical locations with a total combined area of
5,333.40 hectares. It was formerly part of the Province of Rizal of the Philippines' Southern Luzon
Region.
South Caloocan is bordered by Manila, Quezon City, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela. Presence of commercial
and industrial activities combined with residential areas make it a highly urbanized central business district and a major
urban center in the Northern District of Metropolitan Manila. North Caloocan shares its border with Quezon City,
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Valenzuela and Marilao, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte in the province of Bulacan. It is composed of mostly
residential subdivisions and extensive resettlement areas with scattered distribution of industrial estates mostly within
road transit points and intersections.
Caloocan is divided into two non-contiguous areas with a total combined area of 53.334 square meters (574.08
square feet). South Caloocan, with an area of 13.625 square meters (146.66 square feet), is bordered on the south by
Manila, on the east by Quezon City, and on the north-northwest by Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela. North Caloocan,
with an area of 39.709 square meters (427.42 square feet), shares its border on the south-southeast by Quezon City, on
the southwest by Valenzuela, and on the north by Marilao, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte in the province of
Bulacan.
MALABON CITY
The City of Malabon is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 380,522 people. It is located
just north of the city of Manila, it is primarily a residential and industrial area, and is one of the most
densely populated cities in the metropolis. It has a total land area of 15.96 square kilometers.
Malabon is one of the most densely populated cities in the Philippines and its low-lying, flat
terrain makes it prone to frequent flooding, especially during high tides, heavy rains and when river
and dams overflow. The four cities in CAMANAVA are commonly affected by interconnected rivers,
one of which is the Tullahan River.
The river system used to be navigable and fishing was the major livelihood activity in the area. The river used to be
wider and deeper with better quality water, and was a regular source of different species of fish, an important food source
for local residents. Also, trees and crops like palay (rice) and vegetables used to be grown along the riverbanks. However,
these agricultural plots have been replaced by industrial yards, which also became home to thousands of informal settlers
who built makeshift dwellings without legal claim to the land.
Floods have worsened in recent years, occurring more frequently and reaching depths of several feet. Most
affected are families in the communities that are along or near the riverbanks. The river has become narrower and
shallower over the years, and its capacity to hold water has decreased. With more frequent intense rains, the riverbanks
flood regularly and flooding reaches farther into low-lying and densely populated areas of the city.
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NAVOTAS CITY
The City of Navotas is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 247,543 people. It is known
as the Commercial Fishing Hub of the Philippines, for the city has the third largest fish port in Asia
and the largest in Southeast Asia. Navotas became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.
According to one legend, the long and narrow delta extended unbroken from north to south
along the seashore. The strip of land between the former district of Tondo, Manila and this town
was eaten away by the sea until an opening was made. Water began to flow through the opening. The geographical
change prompted the people to refer to the place as "butas", "nayon ng butas", or "nabutas", a Tagalog word that means
breached or pierced through. What began as a natural channel developed into a regular waterway, now known as the
“Navotas River”. In later years, the place came to be known as "Nabotas", then "Navotas".
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated
shoreline of approximately 4.5 km. In the north, Navotas shares a common border with the town of Obando, Bulacan,
along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt. Along the eastern border runs the Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan
River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the
Estero de Maypajo.
VALENZUELA CITY
The City of Valenzuela is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 714,978 people. It is the 13th
most populous city in the country. It is located at 14°40′58″N 120°58′1″E and is located about 14
kilometers (8.7 miles) north of Manila, the nation's capital. Manila Bay, the country's top port for trade
and industry is located about 16.3 kilometers (10.1 miles) west of the city. Valenzuela is bordered in
the north by the town of Obando and the city of Meycauayan in Bulacan, the city of Navotas in the
west, Malabon in the south, and Quezon City and northern portion of Caloocan in the east. The
highest elevation point is 38 meters (125 feet) above sea level. Having a surface gradient of 0.55% and a gentle slope,
hilly landscape is located in the industrial section of the city in Canumay. The average elevation point is 2 meters (6.6
feet) above sea level.
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In Spanish, Valenzuela is a diminutive form of Valencia which means "little Valencia". The name Valenzuela is also
the surname of Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino, a Tagalog physician and was one of the leaders of Katipunan. He was
regarded as a member of the Katipunan triumvirate which started the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial
authorities in 1896. He also served as the provisional chairman for the Katipunan. Before 1960, Valenzuela was formerly
known as Polo. The name Polo was derived from the Tagalog term pulô, which means "island" or "islet", although the
area was not an island itself. The town of Polo was entirely surrounded by the rivers, thus, creating an impression of itself
being an island. The Battle of Malinta of the Philippine–American War was fought in Polo in 1899. In 1960, President
Carlos P. Garcia ordered the split of Polo's southern barangays to form another town named as Valenzuela. The split was
revoked by President Diosdado Macapagal in 1963 after political disagreements and the new merged town was named
Valenzuela. The modern-day Valenzuela with its borders was chartered in 1998.
Valenzuela is categorized under Republic Act Nos. 7160 and 8526 as a highly urbanized, first-class city based on
income classification and number of population. A landlocked chartered city located on the island of Luzon, it is bordered
by the province of Bulacan, and cities of Caloocan, Malabon and Quezon City. Valenzuela shares border and access to
Tenejeros-Tullahan River with Malabon. It has a total land area of 45.75 square kilometers, where its residents are
composed of about 72% Tagalog people followed by 5% Bicolanos with a small percentage of foreign nationals.
SOUTHERN MANILA DISTRICT
LAS PIÑAS CITY
The City of Las Piñas is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region
of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 606,293 people.
The origin of the city's name, "Las Piñas", varies. One version mentioned, that traders
from the province of Cavite and Batangas shipped their first piñas (Spanish for pineapples) for
sale to this town before they were distributed to nearby markets. Another version related that it
was "Las Peñas" (the rocks), evident by the quarrying of stones and adobe which were used to
construct buildings and bridges. The old church bell from St. Joseph Parish Church founded by
Diego Cera has been preserved inside the church museum. An inscription on the bell states,
"Siendo cura del pueblo de Laspeñas el M.R.P. Padre Diego Cera se fundió este equilón año de 1820," showing that
even during the time of Diego Cera, the town's first parish priest, the town was called "Las Peñas", for some time and
eventually was renamed "Las Piñas".
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Las Piñas is bounded to the northeast by Parañaque; to the southeast by Muntinlupa; to the west and southwest by
Bacoor; and to the northwest by Manila Bay. Half of its land area is residential and the remaining half is used for
commercial, industrial and institutional purposes. The present physiography of Las Piñas consists of three zones: Manila
Bay, coastal margin and the Guadalupe Plateau.
MAKATI CITY
The City of Makati is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. The city is the financial center of the Philippines. It has the highest concentration
of multinational and local corporations in the country. Major banks, corporations, department
stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati. The biggest trading floor of the
Philippine Stock Exchange used to be situated along the city's Ayala Avenue, before the stock
exchange moved their headquarters to the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig. Makati is also known
for being a major cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila.
According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 629,616 people making it as the 17th most populous city in the
country and ranked as the 41st most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Although its population is just half a million, the daytime population of the city is estimated to be more than one million
during a typical working day because of the large number of people who go to the city to work, shop, and do business.
Makati is located within the circle of 14′40″ °north and 121′3″ °E right at the center of Metro Manila. The city is
bounded on the north by the Pasig River, facing Mandaluyong, on the northeast by Pasig, on the southeast by the
municipality of Pateros and Taguig, on the northwest by the city of Manila, and on the southwest by Pasay. Makati has a
total land area of 27.36 square kilometers (10.56 square miles).
MUNTINLUPA CITY
The City of Muntinlupa is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital
Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 543,445 people.
It is bordered on the north by Taguig; to the northwest by Parañaque; by Las Piñas to the west;
to the southwest by Dasmariñas; by San Pedro and Laguna de Bay to the east, the largest lake
in the country. It is given the nickname "Emerald City" by the tourism establishment and also
known as the "Gateway to Calabarzon" as it is the southernmost city of the National Capital
Region.
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Muntinlupa is known as the location of the national insular penitentiary, the New Bilibid Prison, where the country's
most dangerous criminals are incarcerated, as well as the location of Ayala Alabang Village, one of the country's biggest
and most expensive residential communities, where many of the wealthy and famous live.
There are three plausible origins of the name of the city: First, is its association with the thin topsoil in the area;
second, residents, purportedly replying to a question by Spaniards in the 16th century what the name of their place was,
said “Monte sa Lupa”—apparently mistaking the question for what card game they were playing; third, the topographical
nature of the area, where the term Monte or mountain was expanded to Muntinlupa or mountain land. Based on the 1987
Philippine constitution, it is spelled as Muntinglupa, instead of Muntinlupa.
PARAÑAQUE CITY
The City of Parañaque is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of
the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 689,992 people. It is bordered
to the north by Pasay, to the northeast by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest
by Las Piñas, and to the west by Manila Bay. Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque is
experiencing a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons, wet (July to September) and dry
(October to June). The city enjoys an annual rainfall of 1,822 millimeters (71.7 inches) and an
average daily maximum temperature of 34.4 °C (93.9 °F).
Parañaque is the home of the PAGCOR Entertainment City, a gaming and entertainment complex under
development by the state owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation spanning an area of 8 km2 (3.1 square
miles) in Bay City, where four large integrated resorts are based namely Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila,
Okada Manila, and the soon to be completed Westside City Resorts World. It is also the home of the Parañaque
Integrated Terminal Exchange public transport and the Aseana City business district development which includes Ayala
Malls Manila Bay.
PASAY CITY
The City of Pasay is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the
Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 440,656 people. Due to its
location just south of the City of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the
American colonial period. Pasay covers a total land area of 18.64 square kilometers (7.20 square
miles), making it the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region and fourth in
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the whole country. It borders City of Manila to the north, Parañaque to the south, Makati and Taguig to the northeast, and
Manila Bay to the west. The city can be divided into three distinct areas: the city's urban area with an area of 5.505 square
kilometers (2.125 square miles); the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which includes the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA) and the Villamor Airbase, with an area of 9.5 square kilometers (3.7 square miles); and the
reclaimed land from Manila Bay with an area of 4.00 square kilometers (1.54 square miles).
Pasay is composed of seven districts, subdivided into 20 zones, with a total of 201 barangays. The barangays do
not have names but are only designated with sequential numbers. The largest zone, with an area of 5.10 square
kilometers (1.97 square miles), is Zone 19, which covers barangays 178 and 191. The smallest zone with an area of 10
hectares (25 acres) is Zone 1, covering Barangays 1 to 3 and 14 to 17.
MUNICIPALITY OF PATEROS
The Municipality of Pateros is the lone and first class municipality in Metropolitan Manila,
Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,643 people. The name
Pateros is most likely derived from the duck-raising industry. The Tagalog word (of Spanish origin)
for "duck" is pato and pateros, "duck-raisers". The early 19th-century U.S. diplomat Edmund
Roberts used Duck-town, another name for Pateros, stating that he "never before saw so many
ducks together" in one place. Another, lesser-known theory is that the name may allude to the
town's small shoe-making industry. The Tagalog word for "shoe" is sapatos (< zapatos Sp.
"shoes"), and shoemakers are called sapateros.
This municipality is famous for its duck-raising industry and especially for producing balut, a Filipino delicacy, which
is a boiled, fertilized duck egg. Pateros is also known for the production of red salty eggs and "inutak", a local rice cake.
Moreover, the town is known for manufacturing of "alfombra", a locally-made footwear with a carpet-like fabric on its top
surface. Pateros is bordered by the following highly urbanized cities of Pasig to the north, Makati to the west, and Taguig
to the south.
Pateros is the only municipality and the smallest, both in population and in land area, in Metro Manila, but it is the
second most densely populated at around 29,000 people per square kilometer after Manila.
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TAGUIG CITY
The City of Taguig is a first class highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines.
According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 886,722 people. The original farmer-
fishermen of the area, about 800 in number, were good at threshing rice after harvest. Hence they
were referred to as "mga taga-giik," (Tagalog for "rice thresher") and the settlement as "pook ng
mga taga-giik." Spanish friar Fray Alonso de Alvarado, together with conquistador Ruy López de
Villalobos who crossed Pasig River to reach the city's present site in 1571, found "taga-giik"
difficult to pronounce. "Tagui-ig" was later shortened to its current form "Taguig". The city is
located in the western shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. Taguig River, a tributary of the Pasig
River, runs through the northern half of the city, while the Napindan River, another tributary of Pasig, forms the natural
border between Taguig in Pasig. A relatively small area of the city called Ibayo Napindan is located north of the river,
adjoining the disputed territories between Pasig, Taguig and Taytay in Rizal Province. The city has an area of 53.67
square kilometers.
The city is known for Bonifacio Global City, one of the leading financial centers of the Philippines. Originally a
fishing village during the Spanish and American colonial periods, it experienced rapid growth when former military
reservations were converted by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) into mixed-use planned
communities. Taguig became a highly urbanized city with the passage of Republic Act No. 8487 in 2004.
The city is politically subdivided into 28 barangays: Bagumbayan, Bambang, Calzada, Central Bicutan, Central
Signal Village, Fort Bonifacio, Hagonoy, Ibayo Tipas, Katuparan, Ligid Tipas, Lower Bicutan, Maharlika Village, Napindan,
New Lower Bicutan, North Daang Hari, North Signal Village, Palingon Tipas, Pinagsama, San Miguel, Santa Ana, South
Daang Hari, South Signal Village, Tanyag, Tuktukan, Ususan, Upper Bicutan, Wawa, and Western Bicutan. The city is
also divided into two legislative districts: Pateros & Taguig (which includes the Municipality of Pateros) and Taguig, for its
representation in the Congress and the election of city council members.
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CAR- CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
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CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR), also known as Cordillera Region is an administrative region in
the Philippines, situated within the island of Luzon. The region was officially created on July 15, 1987 through Executive
Order No. 220 issued by President Corazon C. Aquino. It is the only landlocked region in the insular country, it is bordered
by the Ilocos Region to west and southwest, and by the Cagayan Valley Region to the north, east, and southeast. It is the
least populous region in the Philippines, with a population less than that of the City of Manila. It covers most of the
Cordillera’s Central mountains of Luzon, and is home to numerous ethnic peoples. The Nueva Vizcaya province has a
majority of Igorot population, but was placed by the American colonial government in the Cagayan Valley region instead
during the early 20th century.
The region covers an area of approximately 18,294 square kilometers. It is politically subdivided into of the
provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province. It has 2 cities; the highly urbanized city of
Baguio, and the component city of Tabuk. There are 1,176 barangays in the region. Geographically, the western half of
Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the
Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. Its rugged terrain and breathtaking topography have been home to the sturdy and
industrious indigenous tribes collectively called the Igorot, while its climate has bred an equally unique culture distinct from
that of the country’s lowland colonized regions.
The region is abundant in both natural resources and mineral reserves such as gold, copper, silver, and zinc.
These minerals are among the metallic ores that can be found in the region. Non-metallic reserves include sand, gravel,
and sulfur. Although mineral reserves are found all over the region, mining is concentrated in Benguet. Majority of
Cordillera’s population engage in farming and small-scale production.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
ABRA PROVINCE
The Province of Abra is a 3rd class province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the
Philippines. Abra is from the Spanish word abre meaning gorge, pass, breach or opening. Its capital
is the municipality of Bangued. The province of Abra is located on the northwestern side of the
Cordillera Administrative Region in Northern Luzon. Its deep valleys, wide plains and sloping hills
are shut-off by rugged mountains, except on the western portion where the Abra River flows
towards the coastal plains of Ilocos Sur. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Ilocos Norte
and Apayao, on the east by the province of Kalinga, on the west by the province of Ilocos Sur and
on the south by Mountain Province. It lies between 120.07º and 120.28º east longitude and 14.58º
north latitude.
The province has a total land area of 397,555 hectares, the largest in terms of area in the region with the division of
REGIONAL
Kalinga PROFILE
and ApayaoANALYSIS
into two separate provinces. Geographically, Abra may be divided into two parts, the east and 22
northwestern portions bordering the provinces of Ilocos Sur, Kalinga and Apayao as the uplands/highlands. These
comprise of rolling hills and rugged mountains that constitute more than half of the provincial land area. The southern and
western portions of the province comprise the lowlands, where most of the plains and valleys are located. It comprises of
27 municipalities totaling of 303 barangays corresponding to a lone congressional district.
APAYAO PROVINCE
The province of Apayao is a landlocked province in the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital town is Kabugao. The province borders Cagayan to the
north and east, Abra and Ilocos Norte to the west, and Kalinga to the south. Prior to 1995, Kalinga
and Apayao comprised a single province named Kalinga-Apayao, which was partitioned to better
service the needs of individual ethnic groups. It is located at the northwestern part of Luzon. It is
bounded on the East and North by the Province of Cagayan, on the West by the Province of Ilocos
Norte and Abra, on the South by the Province of Kalinga. It was created by virtue of Republic Act No.
7878 providing for the conversion of the subprovinces of Kalinga and Apayao into regular provinces
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to be known as the province of Kalinga and the province of Apayao, amending Republic Act No. 4695.The province is
composed of 7 municipalities and 134 barangays with 2 administrative barangays and geographically subdivided into two
separate regions the Upper and Lower Apayao. Upper Apayao is composed of the upland municipalities of Calanasan,
Conner and Kabugao. Lower Apayao is composed of the lowland municipalities of Luna, Pudtol, Flora and Sta. Marcela.
As buttressed in Republic Act 7878, the Municipality of Kabugao remains to be the Capital town, while, the Municipality of
Luna is the newly designated provincial government center. Although, Apayao has the lowest population among CAR
provinces, it also yields the largest land area which in effect denotes the lowest population density in CAR. Apayao is
basically situated within the Cordillera Central mountains, traversed by many rivers.
The province covers an area of 4,413.35 square kilometres (1,704.00 sq mi) forming the northern tip of the
Cordillera Administrative Region, and is bounded on the north and east by Cagayan, west by Ilocos Norte, southwest by
Abra and south by Kalinga. Plains and valleys are used for farming. Apayao is basically composed of farmlands.
The prevailing climate in the province falls under Corona’s Type III classification. It is characterized by not very
pronounced dry and wet season, relatively dry from the months of November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
Torrential rains usually occur during the months of July to October.
BENGUET PROVINCE
The Province of Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern
tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad. The
highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines due to its huge production of
upland vegetables. Situated within the interior of Benguet is the highly urbanized city of Baguio,
which is administered independent from the province.
Benguet lies southernmost in the Cordillera Administrative Region. It is geographically
located between 16⁰33′ north latitude and 120⁰34′ to 120⁰52′ east longitude. It is bounded by
Mountain Province on the north, Pangasinan on the south, Ifugao and Nueva Viscaya on the east, and by La Union and
Ilocos Sur on the west. It is 256 kilometers north of Metro Manila and serves as the gateway to Baguio City and the other
CAR provinces. The province has a total land area of 298,160.062 hectares accounting to 15.65% of CAR land area. It is
the fourth biggest province in the region.
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IFUGAO PROVINCE
The province of Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the west, Mountain
Province to the north, Isabela to the east, and Nueva Vizcaya to the south. On the eastern side
between the provinces of Ifugao and Isabela is the Magat River, on the western side between Ifugao
and Benguet is Mount Pulag, on the northern part between Ifugao and Mountain Province is Mount
Polis and on the southern side between Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya is the Lamut River
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras and Banaue Rice Terraces are the main
tourist attractions in the province. These terraces are believed to have been hand-carved into the mountains 2,000 years
ago to plant rice. However, recent research by carbon dating suggests that they were built much later. In 1995, the Rice
Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2008 and 2015, the Hudhud
chants of the Ifugao and the Punnuk (Tugging rituals and games) were inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural
Heritage Lists.
Ifugao is generally located at 120⁰40′ to 121⁰31′ longitude and 16⁰35′ to 17⁰5′ latitude. It has a total land area of
256,636 hectares (computed based on NAMRIA 2003 Land Cover and Cadastral survey) and the 5th largest among the 6
provinces in CAR. It accounted for 14% of the total land area (1,829,368 hectares) in the region but less than 1% of the
total land area of the Philippines.
KALINGA PROVINCE
Kalinga Province is a landlocked province in the Philippines situated within the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon. Kalinga is derived from the Ibanag and Gaddang noun "kalinga",
which means "enemy", "fighter", or "headtaker". Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province
to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the
north. Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-
Apayao which was seen to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples
in the area.Unbeknownst to many, President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Lubuagan town the seat
of government for 73 days from 6 March 1900 to 18 May 1900 before finally fleeing to Palanan.
The province of Kalinga is located at the central part of the Cordillera Administrative Region and lies at 121⁰17’
east longitude and 17⁰26’ north latitude. It is a landlocked province bounded by the provinces of Apayao on the north,
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Cagayan and Isabela on the east, Abra on the west and Mountain Province on the south. Created under Republic Act
7878, the province has a total land area of 3,231.30 square kilometers covering 17% of the total CAR’s land area. It is
smaller than the land area of the provinces of Abra and Apayao but larger than Mountain Province, Benguet and Ifugao.
Abra has the highest land area in the region while Benguet has the least. Kalinga is composed of seven (7) municipalities
and one (1) component city, the City of Tabuk, the capital town of the province. The city is comprised of 42 barangays
which is more than one-fourth of the total barangays of the province. Pinukpuk occupies the largest portion of the
province’s land area covering almost 23% of the total land area of the province. It is also the second municipality of the
province with the most number of barangays next to Tabuk. On the other hand, with the smallest land area and the least
number of barangays is the municipality of Lubuagan covering mere five percent of the total province’s land area and with
only six percent of the total 153 barangays.
MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to
as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province.
The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper
realms of Luzon island. Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that
included most of the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the
Philippine Commission in 1908, and was later split in 1966 into Mountain Province, Benguet,
Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao. The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain
naturally mummified bodies, and for its hanging coffins.
Mountain Province is located in the northern most part of Luzon. It is within the Central Cordillera, and is bounded
on the north by Kalinga and Abra, east by Isabela and Ifugao, south by Ifugao and Benguet and west by Ilocos Sur.
Geographically, it lies between north latitude 16⁰50′and 17⁰10′, and east longitude 120⁰50′ and 121⁰41′. It comprises of
10 municipalities and 144 barangays. The ten (10) municipalities are divided into two districts. District one comprises the
municipalities of Sadanga, Natonin, Paracelis, Barlig and Bontoc, while District two is composed of the municipalities of
Besao, Sagada, Bauko, Tadian and Sabangan. The province covers a total area of 2,157.38 square kilometres (832.97 sq
mi) occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.
Situated within the Cordillera Central, Mountain Province is 83% mountainous while 17% make up hills and levels.
The province has many rivers, waterfalls, mountains, and caves. The central and western areas of the province are
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characterized by rugged mountains and steep cliffs,
while the eastern portion has generally sloping terrain.
REGION I - ILOCOS REGION
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REGION I – ILOCOS REGION
ILOCOS REGION (REGION I) is an administrative region of the Philippines located in the northwestern region
portion of Luzon. It is bounded by the Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley to the east, Central Luzon to
the south and by the South China Sea to the west.
The region comprises four provinces: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan. Its regional center is San
Fernando, La Union. The province of Pangasinan composes 58% of the region’s population, 42% of its area and 61% of
its economy. The 2000 Census reported that the major languages spoken in the region are Ilocano at 66.36% of the total
population at that time, Pangasinan with 27.05%, and Tagalog with 3.21%.
Lingayen Gulf is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains several islands, including the Hundred
Islands National Park. To the north of the region is Luzon Strait.
The Agno River runs through Pangasinan from Benguet, flowing into a broad delta at the vicinities of Lingayen and
Dagupan before emptying into the Lingayen Gulf.
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE

Ilocos Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is
Laoag City. The population of Ilocos Norte in the 2020 census was 609,588 people with a density
of 180 inhabitants per square kilometer or 470 inhabitants per square mile. Ilocos Norte is noted
for being the birthplace of the former President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Ilocos Norte covers a total area of 3,467.89 square kilometers (1,338.96 square miles)
occupying the northern tip of the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Cagayan to
the extreme northeast, Apayao to the east, and Abra to the southeast, Ilocos Sur to the southwest,
the South China Sea to the west, and the Luzon Strait to the north.
Ilocos Norte comprises 21 municipalities and 2 component cities, further subdivided into 557 barangays. There are
two legislative districts in the province.
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PROVINCE OF ILOCOS SUR
Ilocos Sur is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Its
capital is the city of Vigan, located on the mouth of the Mestizo River. Ilocos Sur is bordered by
Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the
south and the South China Sea to the west.
Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo in 1572. It was
formed when the north (now Ilocos Norte) split from the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it
included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundary of the
province was permanently defined through Act 2683, which was signed in March 1917.The
province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, namely, the Heritage City of Vigan
and the Baroque Church of Santa Maria.
Ilocos Sur occupies the central section of the Ilocos Region in northern Luzon. It is bordered by Ilocos Norte to the
north, Abra to the northeast, Mountain Province to the east, Benguet to the southeast, La Union to the south, and the
South China Sea to the west. Its area of 2,596.00 square kilometres (1,002.32 sq mi) occupies about 20.11% of the total
land area of Region 1. The topography of Ilocos Sur is undulating to rolling with elevations ranging from 10 to 1,700
metres (33 to 5,577 ft) above sea level.
PROVINCE OF LA UNION
La Union (Tagalog pronunciation: [la ˈuɲon]), officially the Province of La Union (Ilocano:
Probinsia ti La Union; Kakanaey: Probinsyan di La Union; Pangasinan: Luyag na La Union; Ibaloi:
Probinsya ne La Union; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng La Union), is a province in the Philippines located
in the Ilocos Region in the Island of Luzon. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, which also
serves as the regional center of the Ilocos Region.
The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the east, Pangasinan to the
south, and to the west by the shores of the South China Sea.
La Union covers a total area of 1,497.70 square kilometres (578.27 sq mi) occupying the
central-southern section of the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the
east, Pangasinan to the south, and to the west by the South China Sea.
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La Union is 273 kilometres (170 mi) north of Metro Manila and 57 kilometres (35 mi) northwest of Baguio. The land
area of the province is 149,770 hectares (370,100 acres).
Like most of the Ilocos Region, the province is squeezed in by the Cordillera mountain range to the east and the
South China Sea to the west. Yet, unlike other portions of Luzon and the Philippines' two other island groupings, the
Visayas and Mindanao, La Union experiences a rather arid and prolonged dry season with little precipitation to be
expected between the months of November and May.
PROVINCE OF PANGASINAN
Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan,
[paŋɡasiˈnan]; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Pangasinan; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Pangasinan) is a province
in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is on
the western area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea. It has a
total land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, it
has a population of 3,163,190 people. The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is
1,651,814. The western portion of the province is part of the homeland of the Sambal people, while
the central and eastern portions are the homeland of the Pangasinan people. Due to ethnic
migration, Ilocano people have settled in some areas of the province.
Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is bordered by La Union
to the north, Benguet and Nueva Vizcaya to the northeast, Nueva Ecija to the southeast, and Zambales and Tarlac to the
south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea. The province also encloses the Lingayen Gulf.
The province has a land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). It is 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of
Manila, 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Baguio, 115 kilometres (71 mi) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and
80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) north of Clark International Airport. At the coast of Alaminos, the Hundred islands have
become a famous tourist spot. The terrain of the province, as part of the Central Luzon plains, is typically flat, with a few
parts being hilly and/or mountainous. The northeastern municipalities of San Manuel, San Nicolas, Natividad, San Quintin
and Umingan have hilly to mountainous areas, situated at the tip of the Cordillera mountains. The Zambales mountains
extend to the province's western towns of Labrador, Mabini, Bugallon, Aguilar, Mangatarem, Dasol, and Infanta forming
the mountainous portions of those towns.
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REGION II - CAGAYAN VALLEY
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REGION II – CAGAYAN VALLEY
CAGAYAN VALLEY, designated as Region II, is an administrative region in the Philippines, located in the
northeastern section of Luzon Island. It is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva
Vizcaya, and Quirino. The region hosts four chartered cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago, and Tuguegarao.
Most of the land area is situated on the valley between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The
eponymous Cagayan River, the country's largest and second longest, runs through the region and flows from the
Caraballo Mountains and ends at Aparri. Cagayan Valley is the second largest Philippine administrative region by land
area. According to a literacy survey in 2013, 97.2% of Cagayan Valley's citizens (ages 10 to 64) are functionally literate,
which is the highest out of the seventeen regions of the Philippines.
Cagayan Valley is the large mass of land in the northeastern region of Luzon, comprising the provinces of
Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and the Batanes group of islands. It is bordered to the west by the Cordillera
mountain range, to the east by the Sierra Madre, to the south by the Caraballo Mountains, and to the north by the Luzon
Strait.
The region contains two landlocked provinces, Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya, which are ruggedly mountainous and
heavily forested. Nueva Vizcaya is the remnant of the southern province created when Cagayan Province was divided in
two in 1839. They are ethnically and linguistically diverse, with a substrate of Agtas, Negritos who are food-gatherers with
no fixed abodes, overlaid by Ilongots and others in a number of tribes, some of whom were fierce head-hunters (they have
given up the practice), with the latest but largest element of the population being the Ilocanos, closely followed by the
Ibanags.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF BATANES
Batanes is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan
Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the country, and also the smallest, both in population
and land area. Its capital is Basco located on the island of Batan. The island group is located
approximately 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of the Luzon mainland and about 190 kilometres (120
miles) south of Taiwan (Pingtung County), separated from the Babuyan Islands of Cagayan Province
by the Balintang Channel, and from Taiwan by the Bashi Channel. The entire province is listed in the
UNESCO tentative list for inscription in the World Heritage List. The government has been finalizing
the site's inscription, establishing museums and conservation programs since 2001. Seven intangible
heritage elements of the Ivatan have been set by the Philippine government in its initial inventory in 2012. The elements
are undergoing a process to be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
The province has a total area of 219.01 square kilometres (84.56 sq mi) comprising ten islands situated within the
Luzon Strait between the Balintang Channel and Taiwan. The islands are sparsely populated and subject to frequent
typhoons. The three largest islands, Batan, Itbayat, and Sabtang, are the only inhabited islands.
The northernmost island in the province, also the northernmost land in the entire Philippines, is Mavulis (or Y'ami)
Island. Other islands in the chain are Misanga (or North), Ditarem, Siayan, Diogo (or Dinem), Ivuhos, and Dequey. The
islands are part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc.
PROVINCE OF CAGAYAN
Cagayan is a province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region and the
northeastern tip of the Luzon. Its capital is the city of Tuguegarao. It is about 431 kilometres (268 mi)
northwest of Manila, and includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The province borders Ilocos
Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south.
Cagayan was one of the early provinces that existed during the Spanish colonial period.
Called La Provincia de Cagayan, its borders essentially covered the entire Cagayan Valley, which
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included the present provinces of Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Batanes and portions of Kalinga and Apayao. The
former capital was Nueva Segovia, which also served as the seat of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia. Today, only 9,295.75
square kilometres (3,589.11 sq mi) remain of the former vastness of the province. The entire region, however, is still
referred to as Cagayan Valley.
Situated within the Cagayan Valley region, the province is bounded by the Philippine Sea on the east; on the south
by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan
Group of Islands. About 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few
kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and
Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland.
The eastern coast forms the northern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range, while the western limits are
generally hilly to low in elevation. The central area, dominated by a large valley, forms the lower basin of the country's
longest river, the Cagayan. The mouth is located at the northern town of Aparri.
The province of Cagayan comprises an aggregate land area of 9,295.75 square kilometres (3,589.11 sq mi) which
constitutes approximately three percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the
region.
PROVINCE OF ISABELA
Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela is the second largest province in the Philippines in
land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government
unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the
northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest,
Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.
This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and
rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with
1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the
Philippines and the Queen Province of the North.
Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2011. The province has four trade centers in the cities of
Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. Santiago City, one of Isabela's cities, is considered to have the
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fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines. Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of 12,414.93 square
kilometers (4,793.43 sq. mi), representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island
of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan
Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the
central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies
the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.
The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain
range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich
variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining
low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the
protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has 600,000 hectares (1,500,000 acres) of
Cagayan Valley’s 900,000 hectares (2,200,000 acres) of forest cover.
The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an
elevation of 1,785 meters (5,856 ft.) located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the
Northern
REGIONALSierra Madre
PROFILE Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of 1,672 meters (5,486 ft.).
ANALYSIS 34
The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan
River, Siffu River, and Magat River.
PROVINCE OF NUEVA VISCAYA
Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya is a landlocked province in the
Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered
by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to
the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was
created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.
Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya is generally
mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains. It is
bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains, on the east by the sierra madre mountains,
and on the south by the Caraballo Mountains. The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are
separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains.
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The province has a total land area of 3,975.67 square kilometers (1,535.01 sq. mi).] The southernmost province in
the Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately 268 kilometers (167 mi) north of Metro Manila and can be
reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road (Maharlika Highway).
PROVINCE OF QUIRINO
Quirino is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region
in Luzon. Its capital is Cabarroguis. It is named after Elpidio Quirino, the sixth President of the
Philippines.
The province borders Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Vizcaya to the west, and Isabela to
the north. Quirino used to be part of the province of Nueva Vizcaya, until it was separated in
1966.
Quirino covers a total area of 2,323.47 square kilometers (897.10 sq mi) occupying the
southeastern section of the Cagayan Valley region. A landlocked province, it is situated within
the upper portion of the Cagayan River basin and bounded by Isabela on the north, Aurora on
the east and southeast, and Nueva Vizcaya on the west and southwest.
The Sierra Madre mountain range provides a natural barrier on the eastern and southern border of the province
and the Mamparang Range on the western part. The province is generally mountainous, with about 80 percent of the total
land area covered by mountains and highlands. A large portion of the province lies within the Quirino Protected
Landscape.
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REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON
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REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON
Region III, more popularly known as Central Luzon, is an administrative region of the Republic of the Philippines
primarily composed of the provinces of Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales. Its 14
cities are Balanga from Bataan, Malolos, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte from Bulacan; Cabanatuan, Gapan,
Muñoz, Palayan and San Jose from Nueva Ecija; Angeles, Mabalacat and San Fernando from Pampanga; Tarlac from
Tarlac; and Olongapo from Zambales. The region occupies the vast central plain of the island of Luzon and is strategically
located between Northern Luzon and National Capital Region. It is bounded by Pangasinan and Nueva Vizcaya on the
north; Metro Manila, Rizal and Manila Bay on the south; Quezon and Philippine Sea on the east and in the west by Subic
Bay. It is blessed with towering mountain ranges with extinct and active volcanoes, fertile verdurous farmlands and natural
sea harbors. Tagged as the “Rice Granary of the Philippines”, Central Luzon remains to be the leading producer of rice in
the whole country.
Located in the eastern part of the region is the “Sanctuary of Nature’s Splendor” – the province of Aurora which is
undoubtedly a cradle of valorous and brilliant people, rich historical remnants, and well-preserved beauty of flora and
fauna. Neighboring Aurora is the province of Nueva Ecija. This province is known for its lush and verdant farmlands that
REGIONALthe
produce PROFILE
mostANALYSIS
rice among all the provinces which made it to be known as the “Rice Bowl of the Philippines”. 37
Connecting south of Nueva Ecija is the province of Bulacan. Dubbed as the “Northern Gateway from Manila”, this
province boasts its strategic and geographic location as it bridges the large consumer market in Manila and the resource-
rich provinces of North Luzon. Meanwhile, lying at the heart of the region, the province of Pampanga is considered as the
capital of Central Luzon. This province has always enjoyed the titles, “The Culinary Capital of the Philippines” with its
sumptuous and delectable cuisines and “The Christmas Capital of the Philippines” with its world class lanterns during the
yuletide season. The province is a site of booming economy and rapid growing marketplace of different industries.
Bordered by Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north and Zambales to the west is
the province of Tarlac. Tarlac is considered as the most multicultural of the provinces of Central Luzon as it is inhabited by
Pampangos, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses and Tagalogs. Beside east of Tarlac is the province of Zambales. This province
has always been a frontrunner in terms of sustaining nature’s glory and beauty amidst the relentless by-products of
civilization. Lastly, bounded by Pampanga and Zambales on its north is the province of Bataan. Bataan shared numerous
historical accounts like the Battle of Bataan, Bataan Death March, famous century-old edifices at the Las Casas Filipinas
de Acuzar and others that serve as mighty emblem of its historical shares.
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The Central Luzon’s economy grew by 5.6 percent in 2019. Its economic performance by major sector showed that
services have the largest share in the region’s economy accounting to 45.1 percent; 42.6 percent by industry; and 12.3
percent by agriculture, forestry and fishing.
The region’s population count as of August 1, 2015 was placed at 11,218,177 with an average annual population
growth of 1.95 percent during the 2010 to 2015 periods. The region’s population density reached 512 persons per square
kilometer.
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF AURORA
Aurora is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region,
facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of
Quezon, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and Isabela.
Before 1979, Aurora was part of the province of Quezon. Aurora was, in fact, named after
Aurora Aragon, the wife of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippine Commonwealth,
after whom the mother province was named.
Aurora is a coastal province covering an area of 3,147.32 square kilometers (1,215.19
sq.mi.) in east-central Luzon. To the north, it is bordered by the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park of Isabela, to the west
by the central range of the Sierra Madre which contains the Casecnan Protected Landscape and Aurora Memorial
National Park, to the south by the Umiray River, and to the east by the Philippine Sea which opens to the Philippine Sea.
The San Ildefonso Peninsula lies in the province's northern portion between the Philippine Sea and the Casiguran Sound.
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PROVINCE OF BATAAN
Bataan is a province situated in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Its capital is
the city of Balanga while Mariveles is the largest local government unit in the province. Occupying
the entire Bataan Peninsula on Luzon, Bataan is bordered by the provinces of Zambales and
Pampanga to the north. The peninsula faces the South China Sea to the west and Subic Bay to
the north-west, and encloses Manila Bay to the east.
The Battle of Bataan is famous in history as one of the last stands of American and Filipino
soldiers before they were overwhelmed by the Japanese forces in World War II. The Bataan
Death March was named after the province, where the infamous march started.
The province has an area of 1,372.98 square kilometers (530.11 sq. mi), and covers the entire Bataan Peninsula, a
rocky extension of the Zambales Mountains jutting out into the South China Sea, enclosing the Manila Bay. At the
northern portion of the peninsula is Mount Natib (elevation 1,253 meters (4,111 ft.)) and its surrounding mountains,
separated from Mount Samat and the Mariveles Mountains in the south by a pass. A narrow coastline plain characterizes
the eastern portion of the province, while the western coast features many ridges, cliffs and headlands.
PROVINCE OF BULACAN
Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan is a province in the Philippines located in the
Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15,
1578, and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region.
It has 569 barangays in 21 municipalities and three-component cities (Malolos the
provincial capital, Meycauayan, and San Jose del Monte). Bulacan is located immediately north of
Metro Manila. Bordering Bulacan are the provinces of Pampanga to the west, Nueva Ecija to the
north, Aurora and Quezon to the east, and Metro Manila and Rizal to the south. Bulacan also lies
on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay.
In the 2020 census, Bulacan had a population of 3,708,890 people, the most populous in Central Luzon and the
third most populous in the Philippines, after Cebu and Cavite. Bulacan's most populated city is San Jose del Monte, the
most populated municipality is Santa Maria while the least populated is Doña Remedios Trinidad.
In 1899, the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos was the birthplace of the first constitutional democracy in Asia.
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On November 7, 2018, the Provincial Government of Bulacan bagged its fourth Seal of Good Local Governance
award. The SGLG award is a progressive assessment system that gives distinction to remarkable governance
performance.
Bulacan covers a total area of 2,796.10 square kilometers (1,079.58 sq.mi.) occupying the southeastern section of
the Central Luzon region. The province is bounded by Nueva Ecija (San Isidro Gapan City, General Tinio) on the north,
Aurora (Dingalan) on the northeast, Quezon (General Nakar) on the east, Rizal (Rodriguez) on the southeast, Metro
Manila (Valenzuela City, Malabon, Navotas, Caloocan and Quezon City) on the south, Manila Bay on the southwest, and
Pampanga (Candaba, San Luis, Pampanga, Apalit, Macabebe, Masantol) on the west.
Several rivers irrigate the province of Bulacan; the largest one is that of Angat. Angat River passes through the
towns of Norzagaray, Angat, Bustos, San Rafael, Baliwag, Plaridel, Pulilan, and Calumpit. It flows thence into the
Pampanga River, goes out again, washes Hagonoy, and loses itself in the mangroves. The banks of these rivers are very
fertile and are covered with trees.
PROVINCE OF NUEVA ECIJA
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province in the 40
Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan, while
Cabanatuan City, its former capital, is the largest LGU. Nueva Ecija borders, from the south
clockwise, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora. The province is
nationally known as the Rice Granary of the Philippines, producing the largest rice yield in the
country.
The province is the largest in Central Luzon, covering a total area of 5,751.33 square
kilometers (2,220.60 sq.mi.). Its terrain begins with the southwestern marshes near the
Pampanga border. It levels off and then gradually increases in elevation to rolling hills as it
approaches the mountains of Sierra Madre in the east, and the Caraballo and Cordillera Central ranges in the north.
Nueva Ecija is bordered on the northeast by Nueva Vizcaya, east by Aurora, south by Bulacan, southwest by
Pampanga, west by Tarlac, and northwest by Pangasinan. The province has four distinct districts. The first district
(northwest) has a mixture of Ilokano, Pangasinense, and Tagalog cultures. The second district (northeast) is the most
complex as it has at least 10 different ethnic groups. The third district (central) has a metropolitan culture, coming from a
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majority of Tagalog culture, as Cabanatuan City is within it. And the fourth district (southwest) has a mixture of
Kapampangan and Tagalog cultures.
PROVINCE OF PAMPANGA
Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga is a province in the Central Luzon region
of the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac
to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, the Manila Bay to the central-
south, Bataan to the southwest and Zambales to the west. Its capital is the City of San
Fernando. Angeles City is the largest LGU but while geographically within Pampanga, it is
classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has been governed independently of the
province since it received its charter in 1964.
The name La Pampanga was given by the Spaniards, who encountered natives living
along the banks (pampáng) of the Pampanga River. Its creation in 1571 makes it the first
Spanish province on Luzon Island (Cebu in Visayas is older as it was founded by the Spaniards in 1565). The town of
Villa de Bacolor in the province briefly served as the Spanish colonial capital when Great Britain invaded Manila as part of
the Seven Years' War. At the eve of the Philippine Revolution of 1896, Pampanga was one of eight provinces placed
under martial law for rebellion against the Spanish Empire; it is thus represented on the Philippine national flag as one of
the eight rays of the sun.
Pampanga is served by Clark International Airport (formerly Diosdado Macapagal International Airport), which is in
Clark Freeport Zone, some 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) north of the provincial capital. The province is home to two Philippine
Air Force airbases: Basa Air Base in Florida blanca and the former United States Clark Air Base in Angeles. Due to its
growing population and developments, the Clark Global City is now developed and is located in Clark Freeport Zone. By
2015, the province has 2,198,110 inhabitants, while it has 1,079,532 registered voters.
Pampanga covers a total area of 2,002.20 square kilometers (773.05 sq.mi) occupying the south-central section of the
Central Luzon region. When Angeles is included for geographical purposes, the province's area is 2,062.47 square
kilometers (796.32 sq.mi). The province is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the
east, the Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest, and Zambales to the northwest.
Its terrain is relatively flat with one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat and the notable Pampanga River. Among its
municipalities, Porac has the largest area with 314 square kilometers (121 sq.mi); Candaba comes in second with 176
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square kilometers (68 sq.mi); followed by Floridablanca with 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi). Santo Tomas, with an area
of only 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq.mi), is the smallest.
PROVINCE OF TARLAC
Tarlac, officially the Province of Tarlac is a landlocked province in the Philippines located
in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Tarlac. It is bounded on the north by the
province of Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija on the east, Zambales on the west and Pampanga in the
south. The province comprises three congressional districts and is subdivided into 17
municipalities and one city, Tarlac City, which is the provincial capital.
The province is situated in the heartland of Luzon, in what is known as the Central Plain
also spanning the neighbouring provinces of Pampanga, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija and Bulacan.
Tarlac covers a total land area of 3,053.45 km2 (305,345 ha).
Early in history, what came to be known as Valenzuela Ranch today was once a thickly-
forested area, peopled by roving tribes of nomadic Aetas who are said to be the aboriginal settlers of the Philippines, and
for a lengthy
REGIONAL period,
PROFILE it was the remaining hinterland of Luzon's Central Plains. Today, Tarlac is the most multi-cultural of
ANALYSIS 42
the provinces in the region for having a mixture of four distinct ethnic groups: the Kapampangans, the Pangasinans, the
Ilocanos and the Tagalogs. It is also known for its fine food and vast sugar and rice plantations in Central Luzon.
The landlocked province is situated at the center of the central plains of Luzon, landlocked by four provinces:
Pampanga on the south, Nueva Ecija on the east, Pangasinan on the north, and Zambales on the west. The province
covers a total area of 3,053.60 square kilometers (1,179.00 sq.mi). Approximately 75% of the province is plains while the
rest is hilly to slightly mountainous.
Eastern Tarlac is a plain, while Western Tarlac is hilly to slightly mountainous. Because of this, the province
includes a large portion of mountains like Mt. Telakawa (Straw Hat Mountain), located at Capas, Tarlac. Mt. Bueno, Mt.
Mor-Asia and Mt. Canouman are located also in Capas as well as Mt. Dalin. The other mountains are Mt. Dueg and Mt.
Maasin, found in the municipality of San Clemente. Also noted are Mt. Damas of Camiling. A portion of Mount Pinatubo
(whose summit crater rests in neighbouring Zambales) also rests in Bamban and Capas. The whole of Mayantoc and San
Jose are mountainous so it is suitable for the highest natural resources and forest products in the province such as coal,
iron, copper, temperate-climate fruits and vegetables, fire logs, sand, rocks and forest animals such as wild boar and
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deer. The main water sources for agriculture include the Tarlac River at Tarlac City, the Lucong and Parua rivers in
Concepcion, Sacobia-Bamban River in Bamban and the Rio Chico in La Paz.
PROVINCE OF ZAMBALES
Zambales is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is
Iba, which is located in the middle of the province. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north
and northeast, Tarlac to the east, Pampanga to the southeast, Bataan to the south and the South
China Sea to the west. With a total land area of 3,830.83 square kilometers (1,479.09 sq.mi)
(including the independent city of Olongapo), Zambales is the second largest among the seven
provinces of Central Luzon after Nueva Ecija. The province is noted for its mangoes, which are
abundant from January to April.
Zambales does not have a functional airport - the closest functional airport is the Clark
International Airport in Angeles City in the neighbouring province of Pampanga. Subic Bay
International Airport,
REGIONAL PROFILE which is located in Cubi Point (geographically located inside Morong, Bataan) in the Subic Bay
ANALYSIS 43
Freeport Zone is no longer functional for domestic and international flights.
Zambales lies on the western shores of Luzon island along the South China Sea. Its shoreline is rugged and
features many coves and inlets. The Zambales Mountains in the eastern length of the province occupies about 60% of the
total land area of Zambales. Subic Bay, at the southern end of the province, provides a natural harbor, and was the
location of the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay until its closure in 1992. The summit and crater lake of Mount Pinatubo lies
within Botolan municipality in Zambales, near the tripoint of Zambales, Pampanga and Tarlac provinces. This volcano,
once considered dormant, erupted violently in June 1991. The former summit of the volcano was obliterated by the
massive eruption and replaced by a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) wide caldera, within which Lake Pinatubo is situated. With an average
depth of 800 m (2,600 ft), Lake Pinatubo is the deepest lake in the Philippines. The highest point of the caldera rim is
1,485 m (4,872 ft) above sea level, some 260 m (850 ft) lower than the pre-eruption summit. A vast portion of the
Zambales province acquired desert-like features in 1991, after being buried by more than 20 feet (6.1 m) of lahar.
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REGION IV A- CALABARZON
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REGION IV A- CALABARZON
Calabarzon (/ká-lɑ-bɑr-zon/), formally known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland, is an administrative region in the
Philippines, designated as Region IV-A. The region comprises five provinces: Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, and
Rizal and one highly urbanized city, Lucena. The region is the most populous region in the Philippines according to the
Philippine Statistics Authority, having over 14.4 million inhabitants in 2020, and is also the country's second most densely
populated after the National Capital Region.
The region is situated southeast of Metro Manila, and is bordered by the Manila Bay to the west, Lamon Bay and
the Bicol Region to the east, the Tayabas Bay and Sibuyan Sea to the south, and Central Luzon to the north. It is home to
places like Mount Makiling near Los Baños, Laguna and the Taal Volcano in Batangas.
Prior to its creation as a region, Calabarzon, together with the Mimaropa region, the province of Aurora and several
parts of Metro Manila, formed the historical region known as Southern Tagalog, until they were separated in 2002 by
virtue of Executive Order No. 103.
The history of the area known as Calabarzon dates back to early historic times. Local historians believe that three
of the tenth century place-names mentioned in the Philippines' earliest known written document, the Laguna Copperplate
Inscription, pertain to regions or polities (Tagalog: "bayan") along the shores of Laguna Lake; and some Filipino-Chinese
scholars believe the tenth century trading polity known as Ma-i may actually have been the predecessor of the present
day town of Bay, Laguna.Since the Philippines' colonial period, the region has served as home to some of the most
important Philippine historical figures, including the Philippines' national hero, José Rizal, who was born in Calamba.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF CAVITE
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite is a province in the Philippines located in the
Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of
Metro Manila, it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines.
As of 2020, it has a population of 4,344,829, making it the most populated province in the country
if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu's population figure.
The de facto capital and seat of the government of the province is Trece Martires, although
Imus is the official (de jure) capital.
For over 300 years, the province played an important role in both the country's colonial past and eventual fight for
independence, earning it the title "Historical Capital of the Philippines". It became the cradle of the Philippine Revolution,
which led to the renouncement of Spanish colonial control, finally culminating in the Philippine Declaration of
Independence on June 12, 1898 in Kawit. The old provincial capital, Cavite City also hosted docks for the Manila galleon,
becoming an essential part of commerce between Asia and Latin America.
Originally an agricultural province, its northern cities of Bacoor, Imus, and Dasmariñas (with a combined population
of 1,864,560 at the 2020 Census) are now suburbs of Manila due to increasing urbanization in the late 1900s. This
province forms part of the Greater Manila Area.
Cavite is surrounded by Laguna province to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas province to the
south. To the west lies the South China Sea. It is located within the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with adjacent
Metro Manila, the defined capital region.
Cavite is the second-smallest province (the Province of Rizal being the smallest) in the Calabarzon region. Cavite
occupies a land area of 1,427.06 square kilometres (550.99 sq mi), which is approximately 8.72 percent of Calabarzon's
total land area, 2.74 percent of the regional area and 0.48 per cent of the total land area of the Philippines. The
municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas, comprising 165.49 square kilometres (63.90 sq mi)
and 156.41 square kilometres (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while the municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as
indicated by 5.41 square kilometres (2.09 sq mi) or 0.38 percent of the provincial total and area.
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PROVINCE OF LAGUNA
Laguna, officially the Province of Laguna (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Laguna; Spanish:
Provincia de la Laguna), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in
Luzon. Its capital is Santa Cruz and the province is situated southeast of Metro Manila, south of
the province of Rizal, west of Quezon, north of Batangas and east of Cavite. Laguna hugs the
southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. As of the 2020 census, the
province's total population is 3,382,193 . It is also currently the seventh richest province in the
country.
Laguna is notable as the birthplace of José Rizal, the country's national hero. It is also
famous for attractions like Pagsanjan Falls, the University of the Philippines Los Baños and the
University of the Philippines Open University in Los Baños, the hot spring resorts of Calamba on the slopes of Mount
Makiling, Pila historic town plaza, Taytay Falls in Majayjay, the wood carvings and papier-mâché created by the people of
Paeté, the annual Sampaguita Festival in San Pedro, the turumba of Pakil, the tsinelas footwears from Liliw, the Pandan
Festival of Luisiana, the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, and the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery in Nagcarlan.
This province is a part of Greater Manila Area.
Laguna covers a total area of 1,917.85 km2 (740.49 sq mi) occupying the north central section of the Calabarzon
region in Luzon. The province is situated southeast of Metro Manila, south of Rizal, west of Quezon, north of Batangas
and east of Cavite. Laguna is the third largest province in the Calabarzon region and the 63rd largest in the entire country.
The municipalities of Cavinti and the city of San Pablo have the largest land areas with 203.58 km2 (78.60 sq mi) and
197.56 km2 (76.28 sq mi), respectively. The municipality of Victoria has the smallest land area with 57.46 km2 (22.19 sq
mi).
Laguna lies on the southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. The land near Laguna de
Bay can be considered to be narrow and flat, while become more rugged going further inland towards the mountainous
areas of Sierra Madre, Mount Makiling, and Mount Banahaw.
Laguna is home to 24 mountains, most of which are inactive volcanoes. The highest peak in Laguna is Mt.
Banahaw, with an elevation of 2,170 m (7,120 ft). Banahaw, unlike most other volcanoes in Laguna, is an active complex
stratovolcano, which last erupted in 1843. Banahaw is located in the boundary of Laguna and Quezon and is home to
multiple hot springs. Laguna is also home to the Laguna Volcanic Field, which can be found near San Pablo. The Laguna
47 | P a g e
Volcanic Field is composed of over 200 dormant and monogenetic maars, crater lakes, scoria cones and stratovolcanoes,
the tallest of which is Mount Makiling at 1,090 m (3,580 ft) in elevation.
San Pablo itself is known for its seven crater lakes, the largest of which is Lake Sampaloc. Apart from the Laguna
de Bay and the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, there are also two reservoir lakes that can be found in Laguna, the Lake
Caliraya and Lumot Lake. These two man-made lakes were formed by the creation of the Caliraya Dam and the Lumot
Dam.
Due to its proximity to Laguna de Bay, Laguna is home to a large number of its tributaries. One of the most famous
rivers in Laguna is the Bumbungan River, also known as the Pagsanjan River, named after the town of Pagsanjan and its
falls. The Pagsanjan Falls lie at the end of the river. The Pagsanjan Falls are a three-drop waterfall with a longest drop of
120 m (390 ft).
Laguna has 60,624 ha (606.24 km2) of alienable and disposable agricultural land, mostly found near the low-lying
areas. Around 41,253 ha (412.53 km2), or 23.44% of Laguna's total land area is forest land, situated near Mount Makiling
and further south towards Quezon. Laguna has an estimated 16,205 ha (162.05 km2) of forest cover, ranking it third in the
region.
PROVINCE OF BATANGAS
Batangas, officially the Province of Batangas (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Batangas IPA: [bɐ
ˈtaŋgɐs]) is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region on Luzon. Its capital is
the city of Batangas, and is bordered by the provinces of Cavite and Laguna to the north, and
Quezon to the east. Across the Verde Island Passages to the south is the island of Mindoro and to
the west lies the West Philippine Sea. Poetically, Batangas is often referred to by its ancient name
Kumintáng.
Batangas is one of the most popular tourist destinations near Metro Manila. It is home to the
well-known Taal Volcano, one of the Decade Volcanoes, and Taal Heritage town, a small town
that has ancestral houses and structures dating back to the 19th century. The province also has numerous beaches and
diving spots including Anilao in Mabini, Sombrero Island in Tingloy, Ligpo Island and Sampaguita Beach in Bauan,
Matabungkay in Lian, Punta Fuego in Nasugbu, Calatagan and Laiya in San Juan. All of the marine waters of the province
are part of the Verde Island Passage, the center of the center of world's marine biodiversity.
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Batangas City has the second largest international seaport in the Philippines after Metro Manila. The identification
of the city as an industrial growth center in the region and being the focal point of the Calabarzon program is seen in the
increasing number of business establishments in the city's Central Business District (CBD) as well as numerous industries
operating in the province's industrial parks.
Batangas is a combination of plains and mountains, including one of the world's smallest volcanoes, Mt. Taal, with
an elevation of 600 metres (2,000 ft), located in the middle of the Taal Lake. Other important peaks are Mount Macolod
with an elevation of 830 metres (2,720 ft), Mt. Banoy with 960 metres (3,150 ft), Mt. Talamitam with 700 metres (2,300 ft),
Mt. Pico de Loro with 664 metres (2,178 ft), Mt. Batulao with 693 metres (2,274 ft), Mt. Manabo with 830 metres (2,720 ft),
and Mt. Daguldol with 672 metres (2,205 ft). Batangas has several islands, including Tingloy, Verde Island (Isla Verde),
and Fortune Island of Nasugbu. According to Guinness World Records, the largest island in a lake on an island is situated
in Batangas (particularly at Vulcan Point in Crater Lake, which rests in the middle of Taal Island in Lake Taal, on the
island of Luzon).
PROVINCE OF RIZAL
Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the
Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about
16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Rizal, one of the main
national heroes of the Philippines. Rizal is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the
north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern
shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province
perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.
Pasig served as its capital until 1975, when it became a part of the newly created National
Capital Region. A provincial capitol has been in Antipolo since 2009, making it the administrative
center. On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475, which designated Antipolo as the
capital of Rizal. This province is a part of Greater Manila Area.
Rizal covers a total area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi) occupying the northern-central section of the
Calabarzon in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan, east by Quezon, southeast by Laguna, south by
the Laguna de Bay, and west by Metro Manila.
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Located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the provincial seat
which is in Antipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores of
Laguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water. The province has an area of 1,191.94 square kilometres
(460.21 sq mi). Talim Island, the largest island situated within the Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province.
PROVINCE OF QUEZON
Quezon, officially the Province of Quezon (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Quezon), is a province
in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region on Luzon. The province was named after
Manuel L. Quezon, the second president of the Philippines and the first to be freely elected.
Lucena, the provincial capital, seat of the provincial government, and the most populous city of the
province, is governed independently from the province as a highly urbanized city. To distinguish
the province from Quezon City, it is sometimes called Quezon Province.
Quezon is southeast of Metro Manila and is bordered by the provinces of Aurora to the
north, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna and Batangas to the west and the provinces of Camarines Norte
and Camarines Sur to the east. Part of Quezon lies on an isthmus connecting the Bicol Peninsula to the main part of
Luzon. The province also includes the Polillo Islands in the Philippine Sea. Some marine parts of the Verde Island
Passage, the center of the center of world's marine biodiversity, are also in the province. A major tourism draw to the
province is Mount Banahaw. The mountain is surrounded by spiritual mysticism with many Anitist adherents, Christian
cults, and Christian organizations staying on the mountain. The mountain was also one of the most sacred sites for pre-
colonial Tagalog people before the arrival of the Spanish. Numerous pilgrims visit the mountain especially during Holy
Week. Quezon, east of Metro Manila, is the 8th largest province in the Philippines having an area of 8,989.39 square
kilometres (3,470.82 sq mi). It is the largest province of Calabarzon, comprising 879,660 hectares or 53.21% of the total
land area of the region. Of this area, 513,618 hectares is categorized as agricultural land. The northern part of the
province is sandwiched between the Sierra Madre mountain range and the Philippine Sea. The southern part consists of
the Tayabas Isthmus, which separates the Bicol Peninsula from the main part of Luzon Island, and the Bondoc Peninsula
which lies between Tayabas Bay and Ragay Gulf. Because of this, majority of towns in the province have access to the
sea. The province is bounded by the provinces of Aurora, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines Sur and
Camarines Norte. It is bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by Tayabas Bay. The province is said to
be characterized by a rugged terrain with patches of plains, valleys and swamps. The major islands of Quezon are Alabat
Island and Polillo Islands. Mount Banahaw, an active volcano, is the highest peak at 2,169 metres (7,116 ft). It supplies
50 | P a g e
geothermal power to the Mak-Ban Geothermal Power Plant.
The province has a total of 1,066.36 km of coastline and has
several bays
including
Burdeos Bay,
Lamon Bay,
Calauag Bay,
Lopez Bay,
Ragay Gulf,
Pagbilao Bay
and Tayabas
Bay. The
Infanta
Watershed has
extensive and
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS highly 51
productive
aquifers while
Mauban and
Atimonan have
no significant
groundwater. According to the DENR, in 2003, Quezon had
231,190 hectares of forest cover. However, due to rampant
illegal logging as well as kaingin, these forests are constantly threatened.
REGION IV B- MIMAROPA
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REGION IV B- MIMAROPA
Mimaropa (usually capitalized in official government documents), formally known as the Southwestern Tagalog
Region, is an administrative region in the Philippines. It was also formerly designated as Region IV-B until 2016. It is one
of two regions in the country having no land border with another region (the other being Eastern Visayas). The name is an
52 | P a g e
acronym combination of its constituent provinces: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro),
Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan.
The region was part of the now-defunct Southern Tagalog region until May 17, 2002. On May 23, 2005, Palawan
and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa were moved to the region of Western Visayas by Executive Order No.
429. However, on August 19, 2005, then-President Arroyo issued Administrative Order No. 129 to put in abeyance
Executive Order No. 429 pending a review. On July 17, 2016, Republic Act No. 10879 formally established the
Southwestern Tagalog Region to be known as Mimaropa discontinuing the "Region IV-B" designation, however no
boundary changes were involved. Calapan is Mimaropa's regional center. However, most regional government offices
such as the Department of Public Works and Highways and the Department of Budget and Management are in Quezon
City, Metro Manila.
In 2007, Mimaropa's economy surged by 9.4%, making it the fastest growing region in the country in that year. It
was aided by robust growth in the industrial sector which grew by 19.1% from -6.1% in 2006. Mimaropa experienced a big
slowdown in 2006, posting a decelerated growth of 2.3% from a 6.4% increase in 2005. This resulted mainly from the
slump in the industry sector, which shrunk by 5.4% in 2006 from its 10.8% increase in 2005. The agriculture, forestry, and
fishing sector,
REGIONAL which
PROFILE contributed 42.1% to the total regional economy, grew by 9.1% in 2006, accelerating from 3.2% the
ANALYSIS 53
previous year. The higher production of rice, maize, other crops, livestock and fishery resulted in the accelerated growth in
the total agriculture and fishery sector.
The industry sector, which contributed 38.3% to the region's total economy, was the second largest contributor next
to agriculture. Its decline of 5.4% was largely attributed to the decrease in the mining and quarrying sub-sector, which
went down by 15.4% due to the reduced production of natural gas in Palawan. Mining and quarrying contributed 16.6% to
the total regional economy. The positive growth in the electricity and water, construction and manufacturing sub-sectors
were not able to compensate to the drop in the mining and quarrying sub-sector. The service sector, on the other hand,
posted an accelerated growth of 5.1%, which was attributed to the increase in the TCS, finance, private services,
government services and trade sub-sectors, which managed to post accelerated growths of 6.0%, 5.5%, 5.1%, 5.1% and
4.7%, respectively. The other sub-sector, however, had a decelerated growth due to the slowdown in the ownership of
dwelling.
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF MARINDUQUE
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Marinduque (Tagalog pronunciation: [maɾinˈduke]) is an island province in the Philippines
located in Southwestern Tagalog Region or Mimaropa, formerly designated as Region IV-B. Its
capital is the municipality of Boac. Marinduque lies between Tayabas Bay to the north and Sibuyan
Sea to the south. It is west of the Bondoc Peninsula of Quezon province; east of Mindoro Island;
and north of the island province of Romblon. Some parts of the Verde Island Passage, the center
of the center of world's marine biodiversity and a protected marine area, are also within
Marinduque's provincial waters.
The province of Marinduque was ranked number 1 by the Philippine National Police and
Philippine Security Forces as the 2013 Most Peaceful Province of the country due to its low crime rate statistics
alternately ranking with the province of Batanes yearly. Furthermore, for almost 200 years, the province is home to one of
the oldest religious festivals of the country, the Moriones celebrated annually every Holy Week.
Marinduque is considered as the geographical center of the Philippine archipelago by the Luzon Datum of 1911,
the mother of all Philippine geodetic surveys. The province is a "heart-shaped" island with a total land area of 952.58
square kilometres (367.79 sq mi), situated between Tayabas Bay in the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is
separated from the
REGIONAL PROFILE Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon by the Mompong Pass. West of Marinduque is Tablas Strait, which
ANALYSIS 54
separates it from Mindoro Island.
Some of the smaller islands to the northeast are Polo Island, Maniwaya Island, and Mompong Island. Southwest
portion includes the Tres Reyes Islands and Elephant Island.
The highest peak in Marinduque is Mount Malindig (formerly called Mt. Marlanga), a potentially active stratovolcano
with an elevation of 1,157 metres (3,796 ft) above sea level, located at the southern tip of the island.
PROVINCE OF OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

Occidental Mindoro (Tagalog: Kanlurang Mindoro, Kinaray-a: Natungdan ka Mindoro,
Ilocano: Laud nga Mindoro, Spanish: Mindoro Occidental) (ISO: PH-MDC) is a province in the
Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. The province occupies the western half of the island
of Mindoro. Its capital is Mamburao, but the largest municipality is San Jose. As of 2020,
Occidental Mindoro has 525,354 inhabitants.
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The province is bordered on the east by the province of Oriental Mindoro, and on the south by the Mindoro Strait.
The South China Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is located to the southwest, across the Mindoro Strait.
Batangas is to the north, separated by the Verde Island Passage, a protected marine area and the center of the center of
the world's marine biodiversity.
Occidental Mindoro covers a total area of 5,865.71 square kilometres (2,264.76 sq mi) occupying the western
section of the Mindoro island, and includes outlying islands in the northwest.
General land surface features that characterize Occidental Mindoro are mountains, rivers, hills, valleys, wide plains
and some small fresh water lakes. The taller mountains can be found in the interior that it shares with Oriental Mindoro.
Mountain ranges converge on the two central peaks, Mount Halcon in the north, and Mount Baco in the south. There is
also a mountain known as bundok ng susong dalaga, the "Maiden's breast mountain", that looks like a reclined woman,
The northern part of the province has relatively fewer plains, while the southern parts have wider flatlands. Most of
the plains are cultivated fields, with few remaining untouched forests. Significant hilly areas can be found rolling off in
Santa Cruz in the north, and in San Jose and Magsaysay in the south. These are grassed-over rather than forested.
There
REGIONAL are several
PROFILE ANALYSISmajor drainage or river systems flowing on a generally westerly course: Mamburao River, 55
Pagbahan, Mompong, Biga, Lumintao, Busuanga and Caguray. Swamp areas are restricted to the south, specially, along
the river mouths. The province is also home to one of the more popular coral reefs in the Philippines, Apo Reef.
PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL MINDORO

Oriental Mindoro (Tagalog: Silangang Mindoro: Ilocano: Amianan nga Mindoro;
Hiligaynon: Sidlanganong Mindoro; Spanish: Mindoro Oriental) is a province in the Philippines
located on the island of Mindoro under Mimaropa region in Luzon, about 140 kilometres (87 mi)
southwest of Manila. The province is bordered by the Verde Island Passage and the rest of
Batangas to the north, by Marinduque, Maestre de Campo (or known as Sibale but official name
55 | P a g e
is Concepcion) Island, Tablas Strait and the rest of Romblon to the east, by Semirara and the rest of Caluya Islands,
Antique to the south, and by Occidental Mindoro to the west. Calapan, the only city in the island, is the provincial capital.
Oriental Mindoro is touted as the country's emerging eco-tourism destination. In 2005, the Philippines was found to
be the center of marine fish biodiversity and the home of the most diverse marine ecosystem in the world, by American
biologists Kent Carpenter and Victor Springer. Most of the endemic species in the Philippines are found in the Verde
Island Passage between Mindoro island and the main island of Luzon. The passage houses 2,983 individual species of
algae, corals, crustaceans, mollusks, fishes, marine reptiles, and marine mammals, based on a study conducted by
Carpenter and Springer in 2005.
UNESCO declared Puerto Galera a biosphere reserve under its Man and the Biosphere Programme in the 1970s.
The Verde Island Passage is at the apex of the so-called Coral Triangle – the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia –
which has the distinction of being the "center of the center of the world's marine biodiversity" and the "center of the center
of marine shorefish biodiversity".
Oriental Mindoro covers a total area of 4,238.38 square kilometres (1,636.45 sq mi) occupying the eastern section
of Mindoro island in Mimaropa region. The province is bordered by the Verde Island Passage to the north, by Marinduque,
Maestre de Campo, Tablas Strait and the rest of Romblon to the east, by Semirara and the rest of Caluya Islands, Antique
to the south, and by Occidental Mindoro to the west.
The western portion of the province is mountainous or rugged, while the east has hills and flood plains. Mount
Halcon, standing 2,582 metres (8,471 ft) above sea level, is the 18th highest mountain in the country and is the province's
and island's highest peak. Lake Naujan, the fifth largest lake in the country with an area of approximately 8,125 hectares
(20,080 acres) of open water, is located at the northeastern part of the island and the province.
PROVINCE OF PALAWAN
Palawan (pronounced /pəˈlɑːwən/), officially the Province of Palawan (Cuyonon:
Probinsya i'ang Palawan; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Palawan; Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Palawan;
Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Palawan), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in
the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of
56 | P a g e
jurisdiction. Its capital is the city of Puerto Princesa, but the city is governed independently from the province as a highly
urbanized city.
The islands of Palawan stretch between Mindoro island in the northeast and Borneo in the southwest. It lies
between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea. The province is named after its largest island, Palawan Island (09°30′N
118°30′E), measuring 450 kilometers (280 mi) long, and 50 kilometers (31 mi) wide.
In 2019, Republic Act No. 11259 was passed providing for the division of Palawan into three separate provinces. It
required a plebiscite to determine whether the division was to be carried out. The said plebiscite, which was postponed
from May 2020 to March 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, rejected the move to split the province.
The province is composed of the long and narrow Palawan Island, plus a number of other smaller islands
surrounding it, totalling roughly 1,780 islands and islets. The Calamianes Group of Islands to the northeast consists of
Busuanga, Coron, Culion, and Linapacan islands. Balabac Island is located off the southern tip, separated from Borneo by
the Balabac Strait. In addition, Palawan covers the Cuyo Islands in the Sulu Sea. The disputed Spratly Islands, located a
few hundred kilometers to the west, are considered part of Palawan by the Philippines, and is locally called the "Kalayaan
Group of Islands".
Palawan's almost 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi) of irregular coastline is lined with rocky coves and sugar-white sandy
beaches. It also harbors a vast stretch of virgin forests that carpet its chain of mountain ranges. The mountain heights
average 1,100 meters (3,500 ft) in altitude, with the highest peak rising to 6,843 feet (2,086 m) at Mount Mantalingahan.
The vast mountain areas are the source of valuable timber. The terrain is a mix of coastal plain, craggy foothills, valley
deltas, and heavy forest interspersed with riverine arteries that serve as irrigation.
The province has a total land area of 14,649.73 square kilometers (5,656.29 sq mi). When Puerto Princesa City is
included for geographical purposes, its land area is 17,030.75 square kilometers (6,575.61 sq mi). The land area is
distributed to its mainland municipalities, comprising 12,239 square kilometers (4,726 sq mi), and the island municipalities,
which altogether measure 2,657 square kilometers (1,026 sq mi). In terms of archipelagic internal waters, Palawan has
the biggest marine resources that covers almost half of the Sulu Sea and a big chunk of the South China Sea that is
within the municipal waters of Kalayaan Municipality which was official annexed to the Philippine jurisdiction by virtue of
Presidential Decree 1596 dated June 11, 1978.
PROVINCE OF ROMBLON
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Romblon (/rɒmˈbloʊn/ rom-BLOHN) is an archipelagic province of the Philippines located
in the Mimaropa region. Its main islands include Tablas, the largest, which covers nine
municipalities, Sibuyan with its three towns, as well as the smaller island municipalities of
Corcuera, Banton, Concepcion, San Jose, and Romblon, the provincial capital. The province lies
south of Marinduque and Quezon, east of Oriental Mindoro, north of Aklan and Capiz, and west
of Masbate. According to the 2020 census, it has a total population of 308,985.
Romblon has been inhabited by aboriginal Filipinos prior to the arrival of the Spanish in
1569. Archaeological artifacts recovered by the National Museum in 1936 indicate that the
aborigines of Romblon already have a rich and advanced culture. Under Spanish colonial rule,
Romblon was initially administered under the newly established province of Arevalo, until 1716, when it was transferred to
the jurisdiction of the newly created province of Capiz. With arrival of the Americans in 1901, Romblon was declared a
province and placed under civilian rule. It lost its provincial status for a short while between 1907 and 1945, but regained it
in 1946, just after World War II.
Currently, the province relies on agriculture, particularly rice and copra farming as well as fishing, for its livelihood.
It REGIONAL
also hasPROFILE
a lucrative marble industry due to an abundance of Italian-quality marble, hence, its moniker as the "Marble
ANALYSIS 58
Capital of the Philippines." In recent years, the province has also become an ecotourism destination, with several white
sand beaches, diving spots, mountains and rainforests that tourists visit annually.
Romblon is strategically situated at the center of the Philippine archipelago. Geographically part of the Visayas, it is
composed of three major islands (Tablas, Sibuyan and Romblon) and 17 smaller islands. It is surrounded by deep waters,
and is bounded by Masbate in the east, Mindoro in the west, Marinduque in the north and Panay in the south. It is
approximately 187 nautical miles (346 km) and 169 miles (272 km) south of Manila. The islands are dispersed and
accessible only via sea transportation except for Tablas Island where a domestic airport is located in the municipality of
Alcantara.
58 | P a g e
REGION V- BICOL REGION
59 | P a g e
REGION V- BICOL REGION
Bicol (Central Bikol: Rehiyon Bikol; Rinconada Bicol: Rehiyon ka Bikol; Tagalog: Kabikulan), also known as Bicol
Region, is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region V. Bicol comprises six provinces, four on the
Bicol Peninsula mainland (the southeastern end of Luzon) – Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon –
and the offshore island provinces of Catanduanes and Masbate.
The regional center is Legazpi City and has one Independent Component City, the pilgrim city of Naga. The region
is bounded by the Lamon Bay to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Sibuyan Sea and Ragay Gulf to the
west. The northernmost provinces, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, are bordered to the west by the province of
Quezon.
The Bicol Region comprises the southern part of Luzon, the largest island in the Philippine archipelago. The total
land area is 5.9% of the total land area of the country. Around 69.3% of the total land area is alienable and disposable
while the remaining 30.7% is public forest areas.
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF ALBAY
Albay, officially the Province of Albay (Central Bikol: Probinsya kan Albay; Tagalog:
Lalawigan ng Albay), is a province in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, mostly on the
60 | P a g e
southeastern part of the island of Luzon. Its capital is the city of Legazpi, the regional center of the whole Bicol Region,
which is located in the southern foothill of Mayon Volcano.
The province was added to the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in March 2016.
Albay has a total land area of 2,575.77 square kilometres (994.51 sq mi), which makes it the 53rd biggest province.
The province is bordered by the provinces of Camarines Sur to the north and Sorsogon to the south. To the northeast lies
the Lagonoy Gulf, which separates the province from Catanduanes. To the southwest of the province is the Burias Pass
with the island of Burias of Masbate province located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) offshore.
In 2016, an area of 250,000 hectares (620,000 acres) was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The Albay
Biosphere Reserve is home to 182 terrestrial plant species, of which 46 are endemic to the Philippines. Its marine waters
and coastal area also provide habitat to five of the world's seven marine turtle species, as well as mangrove, seagrass
and seaweed ecosystems.
PROVINCE OF CAMARINES NORTE
Camarines Norte (Central Bikol: Amihanan na Camarines; Tagalog: Hilagang Camarines)
is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Daet. The
province borders Quezon to the west, Camarines Sur to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the
north. It has historically been a Bikol speaking region, however there has been a language shift in
recent years to Tagalog which is more commonly used nowadays.
Camarines Norte covers a total area of 2,320.07 square kilometres (895.78 sq mi)
occupying the northwestern coast of the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern section of Luzon.
One of the six provinces comprising Region V (Bicol), it is bounded on the northeast by the
Philippine Sea, east by the San Miguel Bay, west by the Lamon Bay, southwest by Quezon province, and southeast by
Camarines Sur.
Its capital town, Daet, is 342 kilometres (213 mi) southeast of Metro Manila, an 8 to 10 hour drive by bus, 6 to 7
hour by private car. There is no airport in Camarines Norte.
PROVINCE OF CAMARINES SUR
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Camarines Sur (Central Bikol: Habagatan na Camarines; Tagalog: Timog Camarines) is a
province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Pili and the province
borders Camarines Norte and Quezon to the northwest, and Albay to the south. To the east lies the
island province of Catanduanes across the Maqueda Channel.
Camarines Sur is the largest among the six provinces in the Bicol Region both by population
and land area. Its territory includes two cities: Naga, the lone chartered city, as the province's
religious, cultural, financial, commercial, industrial and business center; and Iriga, a component
city, as the center of the Rinconada area and Riŋkonāda Language. Within the province lies Lake
Buhi, where the smallest commercially harvested fish, the Sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis), can be found. The province
is also home to the critically endangered Isarog Agta language, one of the three critically endangered languages in the
Philippines according to UNESCO.
Camarines Sur covers a total area of 5,497.03 square kilometres (2,122 sq mi) occupying the central section of the
Bicol Region in Luzon. The province borders Camarines Norte and Quezon to the northwest, and Albay to the south. To
the east lies the Maqueda Channel. Camarines Sur occupies the central section of the Bicol Peninsula. With a land area
ofREGIONAL
5,266.8 PROFILE
square ANALYSIS
kilometres (2,034 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Bicol Region. At the center of the province is 62
the Bicol Plain, surrounded by mountains which include Mount Isarog and Mount Iriga. The eastern portion of the province
lies on the mountainous Caramoan Peninsula, which faces the island of Catanduanes to the east.
The Bicol River drains the central and southern parts of the province into the San Miguel Bay. Mount Asog is
surrounded by three lakes: Buhi, Bato, and Baao.
PROVINCE OF CATANDUANES
Catanduanes is an island province located in the Bicol Region of Luzon in the
Philippines. It is the 12th-largest island in the Philippines, and lies to the east of Camarines Sur,
across Maqueda Channel. Its capital is Virac. It had a population of 271,879 people as of the
2020 census.
The province comprises Catanduanes Island (also called Virac Island), Panay Island,
Lete Island, the Palumbanes group of islands (Porongpong, Tignob and Calabagio), and a few
other small, surrounding islets and rocks. The province is also home to various mollusk fossil
sites, notably the second-oldest ammonite site in the Philippines. These sites have certain
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species of ammonites that are found nowhere else in Southeast Asia. Because of the province's importance and rich
geologic history, various scholars have suggested that, if the province would take the initiative to put its name forward in
nomination, it would stand a good chance of being declared a UNESCO Geopark Reserve.
In the early 1900s, Catanduanes was a sub-province of Ambos Camarines. Later, it was a sub-province of Albay. It
became an autonomous province in 1945. Congressman Francisco Perfecto filed House Bill No. 301, which separated the
province from Albay; the bill was approved on September 26, 1945, and signed into law by President Sergio Osmeña on
October 24, 1945. Remigio Socito, previously the Lieutenant Governor, was appointed the first Provincial Governor. When
elections were held in 1947, Alfonso V. Usero became the first elected Governor.
Catanduanes is situated on the easternmost edge of Luzon: 13.3 to 14.1 degrees north latitudes and between
124.1 and 124.3 degrees east longitudes. The island bounded on the west by the Maqueda Channel, on the south by
Lagonoy Gulf, and on the north and east by the Philippine Sea. Several small islands comprise the province. Its aggregate
land area totals approximately 1,492.16 square kilometres (576.13 sq mi). The coastlines that stretch to almost 400 km
(249 mi), are jagged with many bays.
The topography of Catanduanes Island is rugged and mountainous, becoming more pronounced towards the
central portion of the island. Less than 10 percent of the land area has a slope gradient under 8 percent, mostly fractured
and narrow strips of plains located along the coastal areas where most of the inhabitants are settled. The highest
mountain peak is in Boctot, located between the municipalities of Virac and San Miguel with an elevation of 803 metres
(2,635 ft) above sea level. It is the premier mountain range with broadly spread old-growth forests and watershed which
exerts widespread influence over its immediate environs that include the municipalities of Virac, Bato, and San Miguel.
Other prominent mountain forms include the ranges: Obi in Caramoran, Cagmasoso in San Andres, and the Summit and
Magsumoso ranges within the Viga and Gigmoto areas. The lowlands include the Virac Plain, Viga Plain, San Andres
Plain and the Bato River Flood Plain. The coastal municipalities with limited lowland agricultural areas are Pandan and
Caramoran. The more extensive lowlands are found in the southern parts of the province. The largest coastal plain is the
contiguous wetlands of Viga, Panganiban and Bagamanoc over which lies the widest area of rice paddies and nipa
mangroves.
The province is mostly rugged and mountainous terrain. Its slope characteristics are 13% gently sloping to
undulating, 1% classified rolling to hilly, 2% very hills and mountains, 47% level to very gently sloping, 32% steep hills and
mountainous, and 5% undulating to rolling. Ten of the eleven municipalities of the province is situated along the coastal
fringes, over which locate its mostly fractured plains. The only landlocked municipality is San Miguel with its poblacion
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(town center) sitting in a location entirely devoid of flatlands. The majority of the built-up areas occupy zones that are
classified as flat to rolling.
PROVINCE OF MASBATE
Masbate, officially the Province of Masbate (Masbateño: Probinsya san Masbate; Waray:
Probinsya han Masbate; Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Masbate; Central Bikol: Probinsya kan
Masbate; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Masbate; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Masbate), is an island
province in the Philippines located near the midsection of the nation's archipelago. Its provincial
capital is Masbate City. The province consists of three major islands: Masbate, Ticao and Burias.
Masbate is at the crossroads of two island groups: Visayas and Luzon. It is politically part
of Bicol Region in the latter. However, from a bio-geographic and socio-ethno-linguistic
perspective, Masbate is grouped in the former.
The province lies roughly at the center of the Philippine archipelago, between latitudes 11°43’ north and 123°09’
east and 124°5’ east. It is bounded on the north by Burias and Ticao Pass, east by San Bernardino Strait, south by the
Visayan Sea,
REGIONAL and ANALYSIS
PROFILE west by the Sibuyan Sea. Relative to mainland Bicol, the province faces the southwestern coasts of 64
Camarines Sur, Albay, and Sorsogon areas. Masbate covers a total area of 4,151.78 square kilometres (1,603.01 sq mi).
The general surface configuration of the province ranges from slightly undulating to rolling and from hilly to
mountainous. In each island, the rugged topography is concentrated in the northeastern portion and gradually recedes to
blunt hills and rolling areas in the south, southeast, and southwest.
PROVINCE OF SORSOGON
Sorsogon, officially the Province of Sorsogon (Bikol: Probinsya kan Sorsogon; Waray:
Probinsya han Sorsogon; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Sorsogon), is a province in the Philippines
located in the Bicol Region. It is the southernmost province in Luzon and is subdivided into
fourteen municipalities (towns) and one city. Its capital is Sorsogon City (formerly the towns of
Sorsogon and Bacon) and borders the province of Albay to the north.
Sorsogon is at the tip of the Bicol Peninsula and faces the island of Samar to the
southeast across the San Bernardino Strait and Ticao Island to the southwest. Sorsogueños is
how the people of Sorsogon call themselves.
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Sorsogon covers a total area of 2,119.01 square kilometres (818.15 sq mi) occupying the southeastern tip of the
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Albay, east by the Philippine Sea, south by the San
Bernardino Strait, and west and northwest by the Ticao and Burias Passes. The Sorsogon Bay lies within the central
portion of the province.
The province has an irregular topography. Except for landlocked Irosin, all the towns lie along the coast. They are
all connected by concrete and asphalt roads. Mountains sprawl over the northeast, southeast and west portions. Mount
Bulusan, the tallest peak, rises 1,560 metres (5,120 ft) above sea level.
Except for its overland link with the province of Albay to the north, it is completely surrounded by water. Sorsogon
is the gateway of Luzon to the Visayas and Mindanao through its Roll-on/Roll-off ferry terminal facilities located in the
municipalities of Matnog, Pilar and Bulan.
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REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
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REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
Western Visayas (Hiligaynon: Kabisay-an Nakatundan; Tagalog: Kanlurang Kabisayaan or Kanlurang Visayas) is
an administrative region in the Philippines, numerically designated as Region VI. It consists of six provinces (Aklan,
Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo and Negros Occidental) and two highly urbanized cities (Bacolod and Iloilo City). The
regional center is Iloilo City. The region is dominated by the native speakers of four Visayan languages: Kinaray-a,
Hiligaynon, Aklanon and Capiznon. The land area of the region is 20,794.18 km2 (8,028.68 sq mi), and with a population
of 7,954,723 inhabitants, it is the most populous region in the Visayas.
On May 29, 2015, the region was realigned, when Western Visayas (Region VI) lost both the province of Negros
Occidental and the highly urbanized city of Bacolod to the newly formed Negros Island Region. However, the region was
dissolved, resulting in the return of Negros Occidental and Bacolod to Western Visayas Region on August 9, 2017.
Western Visayas consists of the major island of Panay and the smaller Guimaras, as well as several outlying
islands. It also includes the western half of the larger island of Negros. The region is bordered to the north by the Sibuyan
Sea, northeast by the Visayan Sea, east by the province of Negros Oriental in Central Visayas, south by the Iloilo Strait
and the Panay
REGIONAL Gulf,
PROFILE and west by the Sulu Sea.
ANALYSIS 68
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF AKLAN
Aklan, officially the Province of Aklan (Akeanon: Probinsya it Akean [ak'ɣan]; Hiligaynon:
Kapuoran sang Aklan; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Aklan), is a province in the Western Visayas region
of the Philippines. Its capital is Kalibo. The province is situated in the northwest portion of Panay
Island, bordering Antique to the southwest, and Capiz to the east. Aklan faces the Sibuyan Sea
and Romblon province to the north.
Aklan occupies the northern third of the island of Panay and is bordered by the provinces of
Capiz from the southeast and Antique from the southwest. It also faces the Sibuyan Sea from the
north. The province covers a total area of 1,821.42 square kilometres (703.25 sq mi), and includes
the island of Boracay which is located at its northwestern tip.
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Mount Nausang, is the previous highest peak in Aklan, standing at 5,138 ft (1,566 m), but Madi-ac Peak is higher,
with an elevation of 1,716 m (5,630 ft) above sea level, Madi-ac it is not an independent mountain, it is still part of Mount
Madja-as sub-summit with only Topographic prominence peak of 30 m (98 ft) above the isolation from Parent peak.
Located 6 km northwest of Mount Nausang and 4.8 km northeast of Mount Madja-as in Antique. Aklan River, is the
longest river in the province with a total length of 91 km (57 mi) long.
The province features high geographic diversity, ranging from white sandy beaches, mangroves and mountainous
landscapes. Situated within the province is the river Akean, which appears unique due to its "boiling or frothing"
appearance.
PROVINCE OF ANTIQUE
Antique, officially the Province of Antique (locally [ɐnˈtike]; Kinaray-a: Kapuoran kang
Antique; Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Antique; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Antique), is a province in the
Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is San Jose de Buenavista, the most
populous town in Antique. The province is situated in the western section of Panay Island and
borders Aklan, Capiz and Iloilo to the east, while facing the Sulu Sea to the west.
The province is home to the indigenous Iraynun-Bukidnon, speakers of a dialect of the
Kinaray-a language, who have crafted the only rice terrace clusters in the Visayas through
indigenous knowledge and sheer vernacular capabilities. The rice terraces of the Iraynun-
Bukidnon are divided into four terraced fields, namely, General Fullon Rice Terraces, Lublub rice
terraces, Bakiang rice terraces, and San Agustin rice terraces. All of the rice terrace clusters have been researched by the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts and various scholars from the University of the Philippines. There have
been campaigns to nominate the Iraynun-Bukidnon Rice Terraces, along with the Central Panay Mountain Range, into the
UNESCO World Heritage List.
Antique is one of the six provinces comprising Western Visayas or Region VI, and one of the four provinces in the
island of Panay.
The province, with a total land area of 2,729.17 square kilometres (1,053.74 sq mi), is an elongated stretch of land
occupying the entire western side of the island. It is bounded by the rugged central mountains of Panay, bordering on the
provinces of Aklan in the northeast, Capiz on the east, Iloilo in the southeast and the Sulu Sea on the west. Its
westernmost and northernmost point is Semirara Island at 12°07′10″N 121°21′10″E, while its eastern tip is approximately
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11°01′N 122°19.5′E. Anini-y is the province's most southerly point at 10°24′24″N 121°57′38″E. Resembling a seahorse in
shape, it is 155 kilometres (96 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) at its widest point.
Antique has rugged and varied land. Nogas Island, Hurao-Hurao Island and Mararison Island have long stretches
of white sand beaches that are ideal for shell-hunting. Batbatan Island on the other hand, appeals to scuba divers
because of the well-preserved coral reefs.
Mount Madja-as is located in Culasi, is the highest peak on the island of Panay. This 2,117-metre-high (6,946 ft)
mountain is a dormant volcano with lakes and 14 waterfalls. It is said to be the legendary home of Bulalakaw, the
supreme god of the ancients, and beckons as a challenge for hikers and trekkers. Mount Nangtud, is the second highest
mountain in Antique and Panay island with an elevation of 6,804 ft (2,074 m) above sea level, located between Antique
and Capiz border.
Antique has seven major rivers, the longest is Sibalom river, followed by Paliwan River, Kangaranan River,
Dalanas River, Kairawan River, Patnongon River, and Tibiao River.
PROVINCE OF CAPIZ
Capiz, officially the Province of Capiz (Capiznon/Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Capiz;
Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Capiz), is a province in the Philippines located in the central section of
Western Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Roxas. It is located at the northeastern portion of
Panay Island, bordering Aklan to the north, Antique to the west, and Iloilo to the south. Capiz
faces the Sibuyan Sea to the north.
Capiz is known for the Placuna placenta oyster shell that has the same name locally and
is used for decoration and making lampshades, trays, window and doors. Likewise, the province
is known as the "Seafood Capital of the Philippines" and was among the top 15 most frequently
visited places in the Philippines. Capiz is the site of the famous coral-stone Santa Monica Church
in the town of Panay, home to the largest Catholic Church bell in Asia. The bell was made from 70 sacks of gold and silver
coins donated by the townsfolk. Measuring seven feet in diameter, five feet in height and weighing 10,400 kilograms or
just over 10 metric tons, the Pan-ay bell is popular among tourists visiting Capiz. Capiz covers a total area of 2,594.64
square kilometres (1,001.80 sq mi) occupying the northeastern portion of Panay Island, and is one of the five provinces
that compose the Western Visayas region. Mount Nangtud, is the highest mountain in Capiz with an elevation of 6,804 ft
(2,074 m) located in the Capiz-Antique border. Other peaks are Mount Tigas 4,760 ft (1,451 m), Mount Agudo 2,736 ft
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(834 m). The province comprises 473 barangays, 16 municipalities and a city. Roxas City, the provincial capital, is only 45
minutes away by plane from Manila and is within the routes of major shipping lines. The Panay River used to be famous
for the great number of crocodiles thriving there. Capiz is bounded by the Sibuyan Sea, the Panay, Loctugan and Ivisan
rivers.
PROVINCE OF GUIMARAS
Guimaras locally [ɡimaˈɾas], officially the Province of Guimaras (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran
sang Guimaras; Kinaray-a: Kapuoran kang Guimaras; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Guimaras) is an
island province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is Jordan.
The province is situated in the Panay Gulf, between the islands of Panay and Negros. To the
northwest is the province of Iloilo and to the southeast is Negros Occidental. The whole island is
part of the Metro Iloilo-Guimaras, one of the twelve metropolitan areas of the Philippines.
The province consists primarily of Guimaras Island, and also includes Inampulugan,
Guiwanon (or Guiuanon), Panobolon, Natunga, Nadulao, and many surrounding islets.
Geologists have concluded that the island once formed one landmass with Panay.
Guimaras, formerly known as Himal-us, was a sub-province of Iloilo until it was made an independent province on
May 22, 1992.Guimaras comprises primarily of Guimaras Island, and the minor islets of Inampulugan, Guiwanon (or
Guiuanon), Panobolon, Natunga, Nadulao and many more. The province covers a total area of 604.57 square kilometres
(233.43 sq mi) occupying the southeastern section of the Western Visayas region.
The province has 5 municipalities. There is only one legislative district of Guimaras which encompasses all five
towns.
PROVINCE OF ILOILO
Iloilo (locally [ɪlo.ˈilo]), officially the Province of Iloilo (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Iloilo;
Kinaray-a: Kapuoran kang Iloilo; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Iloilo), is a province in the Philippines
located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is the City of Iloilo. Iloilo occupies a major
southeast portion of the Visayan island of Panay and is bordered by the province of Antique to
the west, Capiz to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the
east, and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest.
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Just off Iloilo's southeast coast is the island province of Guimaras, once part of Iloilo but now an independent
province. Across the Panay Gulf and Guimaras Strait is Negros Occidental, occupying the northwestern half of the larger
island of Negros. Iloilo City, its capital, is geographically located in the province and is grouped under the province by the
Philippine Statistics Authority but remains politically independent from the provincial government. According to the 2020
census, the population of the province (excluding Iloilo City) is 2,051,899. If Iloilo City is included, the population is
2,509,525 in total.
The province covers a total area of 5,000.83 square kilometres (1,930.83 sq mi) occupying the central and eastern
section of Panay island in the Western Visayas region. If Iloilo City is included for geographical purposes, Iloilo has an
area of 5,079.17 square kilometres (1,961.08 sq mi). The province is bordered by province of Antique to the west, Capiz
to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Visayan Sea and Guimaras Strait to the east, and the Iloilo Strait
and Panay Gulf to the southwest.
The province is divided into two distinct geographic regions; the highlands of the Central Panay Mountain Range
on the western border and the lowland plains which account for a larger portion of the province. Small islands east of its
northernmost tip also dot the Visayan Sea - of these, Pan de Azucar and Sicogon are well-known. Mount Baloy is the
highest mountain
REGIONAL PROFILE in Iloilo with an elevation of 6,424 feet (1,958 m) above sea level, located on the triple border of Iloilo,
ANALYSIS 72
Capiz, and Antique. Other peaks are Mount Llorente 4,409 ft. (1,344m), Mount Sansanan 4,219 ft. (1,286m), Mount
Napulak 4,095 ft. (1,248 m), Mount Balabag 3,728 ft. (1,136m).
Expansive fishponds and mangrove wetlands are found along the coasts and rivers of Iloilo City and the towns of
Oton, Leganes, Zarraga, Dumangas, Anilao, Banate, Barotac Viejo, Barotac Nuevo, Ajuy, Balasan and Carles.
PROVINCE OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
Negros Occidental (Hiligaynon: Nakatungdang Negros; Tagalog: Kanlurang Negros) is a
province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Bacolod.
It occupies the northwestern half of the large island of Negros, and borders Negros Oriental,
which comprises the southeastern half. Known as the "Sugar bowl of the Philippines", Negros
Occidental produces more than half the nation's sugar output.
Negros Occidental faces the island-province of Guimaras and the province of Iloilo on
Panay Island to the northwest across the Panay Gulf and the Guimaras Strait. The primary
spoken language is Hiligaynon and the predominant religious denomination is Roman
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Catholicism. Bacolod is the capital, seat of government and the most populous city of the province, but is governed
independently as a highly urbanized city. With a population of 2,623,172 inhabitants, it is the most populated province in
Western Visayas, the second most-populous province in the Visayas after Cebu and the 8th most-populous province of
the Philippines.
Negros Occidental is located in the western side of Negros Island, the fourth largest island in the Philippines, with a
total land area of 7,802.54 square kilometres (3,012.58 sq mi). If Bacolod is included for geographical purposes, the
province has an area of 7,965.21 square kilometres (3,075.38 sq mi). The province is approximately 375 kilometres (233
mi) long from north to south. It is bounded by the Visayan Sea in the north, Panay Gulf on the west, Negros Oriental
province and Tañon Strait on the east and Sulu Sea on the south. Negros is basically volcanic, making its soil ideal for
agriculture. Eighty percent of all arable land in the island region is cultivated.
The north and western parts of the province are largely composed of plains and gentle slopes. A mountain range
lines the eastern part of the province, forming the basis of the border with Negros Oriental. Kanlaon Volcano, which is
partially located in Negros Oriental, rises to a height of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) and is the highest peak in the Visayas.
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REGION VII- CENTRAL VISAYAS
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REGION VII- CENTRAL VISAYAS
Central Visayas (Cebuano: Tunga-tungang Kabisay-an; Tagalog: Gitnang Kabisayaan) is an administrative region
in the Philippines, numerically designated as Region VII. It consists of four provinces: (Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental, and
Siquijor) and three highly urbanized cities: Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu, and Mandaue).
Major islands are the eponymous Cebu, Bohol, and Siquijor, together with the eastern part of Negros. The regional
center and largest city is Cebu City. The region is dominated by the native speakers of four Visayan languages: Cebuano,
Bantayanon, Boholano, and Porohanon. The land area of the region is 15,895.66 km2 (6,137.35 sq mi), and with a
population of 8,081,988 inhabitants, it is the second most populous region in the Visayas.
On May 29, 2015, the region was redefined, when Central Visayas (Region VII) lost the province of Negros Oriental
to the newly formed Negros Island Region. However, the region was dissolved, with Negros Oriental returned to Central
Visayas on August 9, 2017.
Central Visayas consists of the two major island provinces of Cebu and Bohol, as well as the smaller island of
Siquijor and several outlying islands. It also includes the eastern half of the larger island of Negros. The straits of Cebu
and Tañon are also part of the region as well. The region is bordered to the north by the Visayan Sea, west by the
province of Negros Occidental in Western Visayas, south by the Bohol Sea, and east by the Camotes Sea and the island
of Leyte in Eastern Visayas.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
Negros Oriental (Cebuano: Sidlakang Negros; Tagalog: Silangang Negros), is a
province in the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region. Its capital is the city of
Dumaguete. It occupies the southeastern half of the large island of Negros, and borders Negros
Occidental, which comprises the northwestern half. It also includes Apo Island, a popular dive
site for both local and foreign tourists.
Negros Oriental faces Cebu to the east across the Tañon Strait and Siquijor to the south-
east (which happened to be part of the province before). The primary spoken language is
Cebuano and the predominant religious denomination is Roman Catholicism. Dumaguete City
is the capital, seat of government and most populous city of the province. With a population of
1,432,990 inhabitants, it is the second most-populous province in Central Visayas after Cebu, the fifth most-populous
province in the Visayas and the 19th most-populous province of the Philippines. Negros Oriental occupies the south-
eastern half
REGIONAL of theANALYSIS
PROFILE island of Negros, with Negros Occidental comprising the north-western half. It has a total land area of 76
5,385.53 km2 (2,079.36 sq mi). A chain of rugged mountains separates Negros Oriental from Negros Occidental. Negros
Oriental faces Cebu to the east across the Tañon Strait and Siquijor to the southeast. The Sulu Sea borders it to the south
to southwest. Negros is basically volcanic, making its soil ideal for agriculture. Eighty percent of all arable land in the
island region is cultivated.
PROVINCE OF SIQUIJOR
Siquijor (/sɪkiˈhɔr/, Tagalog: /sikiˈhor/), officially the Province of Siquijor (Cebuano:
Lalawigan sa Siquijor; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Siquijor), is a 6th provincial income class
island province in the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region. Its capital is the
municipality also named Siquijor. To the north of Siquijor is Cebu, to the west is Negros,
northeast is Bohol, and to the south, across the Bohol Sea, is Mindanao.
During the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines, the Spaniards called the island
Isla del Fuego (Island of Fire). Siquijor is commonly associated with mystic traditions that the
island's growing tourism industry capitalizes on.
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Siquijor is an island province in Central Visayas. It lies southeast from Cebu and Negros across Cebu Strait (also called
Bohol Strait) and southwest from Bohol. Panglao Island, which is part of Bohol province, has a similar composition of the
soil which is found throughout the whole island of Siquijor.
With a land area of 327 square kilometres (126 sq mi) and a coastline 102 kilometres (63 mi) long, Siquijor is the
third smallest province of the Philippines, both in terms of population as well as land area: (after Camiguin and Batanes).
PROVINCE OF BOHOL
Bohol (Tagalog pronunciation: [bɔˈhɔl]), officially the Province of Bohol (Cebuano:
Probinsya sa Bohol; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Bohol), is an island province of the Philippines
located in the Central Visayas region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding
islands. Its capital is Tagbilaran. With a land area of 4,821 km2 (1,861 sq mi) and a coastline
261 km (162 mi) long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines.
The province of Bohol is a first-class province divided into 3 congressional districts,
comprising 1 component city and 47 municipalities. It has 1,109 barangays.
The province is a popular tourist destination with its beaches and resorts. The Chocolate
Hills, numerous mounds of brown-coloured limestone formations, are the most popular
attraction. The formations can be seen by land (climbing the highest point) or by air via ultralight air tours. Panglao Island,
located just southwest of Tagbilaran, is famous for its diving locations and is routinely listed as one of the top ten diving
locations in the world. Numerous tourist resorts and dive centers dot the southern beaches. The Philippine tarsier,
amongst the world's smallest primates, is indigenous to the island.
It was the home province of Carlos P. Garcia, the eighth president of the Republic of the Philippines (1957–1961)
who was born in Talibon, Bohol.
On 15 October 2013, Bohol was devastated by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake whose epicenter was 6 km (3.7 mi)
south of Sagbayan town. The earthquake, which also hit southern Cebu, claimed 156 lives altogether and injured 374
people. It also destroyed or damaged a number of Bohol's heritage churches.
In 2017, the provincial government began initiating the nomination of the entire province to the UNESCO Global
Geoparks Network.
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To the west of Bohol is Cebu, to the northeast is the island of Leyte and to the south, across the Bohol Sea, is
Mindanao. The Cebu Strait separates Bohol from Cebu, and both island provinces share a common language, but
Boholano retain a conscious distinction from Cebuano. Bohol's climate is generally dry, with maximum rainfall between
the months of June and October. The interior is cooler than the coast.
PROVINCE OF CEBU
Cebu (/sɛˈbuː/; Cebuano: Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu (Cebuano: Lalawigan
sa Sugbo; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Cebu), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central
Visayas (Region VII) region, and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and
islets. Its capital is Cebu City, "the Queen City of the South", the oldest city and first capital of
the Philippines, which is politically independent from the provincial government.
The Cebu Metropolitan Area or Metro Cebu is the second largest metropolitan area in
the Philippines (after Metro Manila) with Cebu City as the main center of commerce, trade,
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS education and industry in the Visayas. Being one of the most developed provinces in the 78
Philippines, in a decade it has transformed into a global hub for business processing services,
tourism, shipping, furniture-making, and heavy industry. Mactan–Cebu International Airport,
located on Mactan Island, is the second busiest airport in the Philippines.
Cebu is located to the east of Negros, to the west of Leyte and Bohol islands. The province consists of Cebu
Island, as well as 167 smaller islands, which include Mactan, Bantayan, Malapascua, Olango and the Camotes Islands.
But the highly urbanized cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue are independent cities not under provincial supervision,
yet are often grouped with the province for geographical and statistical purposes.
The province's land area is 4,944 square kilometres (1,909 sq mi), or when the independent cities are included for
geographical purposes, the total area is 5,342 square kilometres (2,063 sq mi).
Cebu's central location, proximity to an unusually exotic tourist destination, ready access to a diversity of plant,
animal and geological wonders within the island, and remoteness from earthquake and typhoon activity are some of the
special attributes of Cebu.
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REGION 8- EASTERN VISAYAS
Eastern Visayas (Waray: Sinirangan Kabisay-an; Cebuano: Sidlakang Kabisay-an; Tagalog: Silangang
Kabisayaan or Silangang Visayas) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region VIII. It consists of
three main islands, Samar, Leyte and Biliran. The region has six provinces, one independent city and one highly
urbanized city namely, Biliran, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Southern Leyte, Ormoc and Tacloban. The
highly urbanized city of Tacloban is the sole regional center. These provinces and cities occupy the easternmost islands
of the Visayas group of islands.
Eastern Visayas faces the Philippine Sea to the east. The region's most famous landmark is the San Juanico
Bridge, which links the provinces of Samar and Leyte. As of 2020, the Eastern Visayas region has a population of
4,547,150 inhabitants, making it the third most populous region in the Visayas.
Eastern Visayas lies on the east central section of the Philippine archipelago. It consists of three main islands,
Leyte, Biliran and Samar, which form the easternmost coasts of the archipelago. It is bounded on the east and north by
the Philippine Sea with the San Bernardino Strait separating Samar from southeastern Luzon; on the west by the
Camotes
REGIONAL and Visayan
PROFILE seas, and on the south by the Bohol Sea with the Surigao Strait separating Leyte from
ANALYSIS 80
northwestern Mindanao. It has a total land area of 2,156,285 hectares (5,328,300 acres) or 7.2% of the country's total
land area. 52% of its total land area are classified as forestland and 48% as alienable and disposable land.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF BILIRAN
Biliran, officially the Province of Biliran (Waray-Waray: Probinsya han Biliran; Cebuano:
Lalawigan sa Biliran; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Biliran), is an island province in the Philippines
located in the Eastern Visayas region (Region VIII). Biliran is one of the country's smallest and
newest provinces. Formerly a sub-province of Leyte, it became an independent province in
1992.
Biliran lies less than a kilometer north of the island of Leyte. A bridge-causeway fixed link
over Poro Island in the gateway town of Biliran connects the province to Leyte. Its capital is the
municipality of Naval on the western coast of the island.
Biliran has a total land area of 536.01 square kilometres (206.95 sq mi), making it the
fourth smallest province in the Philippines. The island lies off the northern coast of Leyte island across Biliran Strait. To
the southeast is Carigara Bay, to the northeast is the Samar Sea, and across this sea is Samar. To the west is the
Visayan Sea and Masbate lies 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the northwest. The province is composed of two major volcanic
islands: the main island also named Biliran and Maripipi, a smaller island to the northwest. Other smaller islands include
Higatangan and Dalutan.
PROVINCE OF SAMAR
Samar, officially the Province of Samar (Waray: Probinsya han Samar; Tagalog:
Lalawigan ng Samar), formerly named as Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines
located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Catbalogan. It is bordered by
Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte and the Leyte Gulf, and includes several islands in the
Samar Sea. Samar is connected to the island of Leyte via the San Juanico Bridge.
In 1768, Leyte and modern Samar was created out of the historical province of Samar. In
1965, Northern and Eastern Samar were created.
Fishing and agriculture are the major economic activities in the province.
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On 8 November 2013, the province was significantly damaged by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), particularly the towns
of Basey, Marabut and Santa Rita. Samar province covers a total area of 6,048.03 square kilometres (2,335.16 sq mi)
occupying the central-western sections of the Samar island in the Eastern Visayas region. The province is bordered on
the north by Northern Samar, east by Eastern Samar, south by Leyte and the Leyte Gulf, and west by the Samar Sea.
PROVINCE OF EASTERN SAMAR
Eastern Samar (Waray-Waray: Sinirangan Samar; Tagalog: Silangang Samar) is a
province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of
Borongan. Eastern Samar occupies the eastern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the
province to the north is the province of Northern Samar and to the west is Samar province. To
the east lies the Philippine Sea, part of the vast Pacific Ocean, while to the south lies the Leyte
Gulf.
Eastern Samar covers a total area of 4,660.47 square kilometres (1,799.42 sq mi)
occupying the eastern section and majority of southern Samar's coast of Samar island in the
Eastern Visayas region. The province is bordered to the north by Northern Samar and to the
west by Samar. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, part of the vast Pacific Ocean, while to the south lies the Leyte Gulf.
Because it faces the Philippine Sea of the Pacific Ocean, Eastern Samar suffers heavily from powerful typhoons.
PROVINCE OF NORTHERN SAMAR
Northern Samar (Waray: Amihan Samar/Norte han Samar; Tagalog: Hilagang Samar)
is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman
and is located at the northern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the province to the
south are the provinces of Samar and Eastern Samar. To the northwest, across the San
Bernardino Strait is Sorsogon; to the east is the Philippine Sea and to the west is Samar Sea.
Northern Samar covers a total area of 3,692.93 square kilometres (1,425.85 sq mi)
occupying the northern section of Samar Island in the Eastern Visayas region. The province is
bounded by north by the San Bernardino Strait, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the west
by the Samar Sea, on the southwest by Samar and on the southeast by Eastern Samar. It
ranks thirty-seventh (37th) in size among the 80 provinces of the Philippines and accounts for
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practically 1.2 percent of the total land area of the country. About 52 percent of the total land area is covered by forest and
42 percent is classified as alienable and disposable. The province is composed largely of low and extremely rugged hills
and small lowland areas. It also has small and discontinuous areas along the coasts and its rivers are usually
accompanied by alluvial plains and valleys. The province is endowed with relatively rich and fertile soil that most crops
can grow on it.
PROVINCE OF LEYTE
Leyte (also Northern Leyte; Cebuano: Amihanang Leyte; Waray: Norte san/Amihanan
nga Leyte; Tagalog: Hilagang Leyte) is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern
Visayas region, occupying the northern three-quarters of Leyte Island. Its capital is the city of
Tacloban, administered independently from the province. Leyte is situated west of Samar
Island, north of Southern Leyte and south of Biliran. To the west across the Camotes Sea is
the province of Cebu.
The historical name of the Philippines, "Las Islas Felipenas", named by Spanish
explorer Ruy López de Villalobos in honor of Prince Philip of Spain, used to refer to the
islands of Leyte and Samar only, until it was adopted to refer to the entire archipelago.
The island of Leyte is known as Tandaya during the 16th century. Leyte is also known as the site of the largest
naval battle in modern history, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, which took place during the Second World War.
Leyte is especially prone to typhoons because it geographically faces toward the Pacific Ocean. On 8 November
2013, the province was severely affected by Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan). The typhoon, known internationally as
Haiyan, and domestically referred to as Yolanda, killed thousands of people and garnered significant international media
attention. Leyte suffered similar destruction and loss of life in 1991 from Tropical Storm Thelma.
Leyte covers a total area of 6,313.33 square kilometres (2,437.59 sq mi) occupying the northern and central
sections of Leyte in the Eastern Visayas region. The province is situated west of Samar Island, north of Southern Leyte,
south of Biliran, and east of the Camotes Sea.
PROVINCE OF SOUTHERN LEYTE
Southern Leyte (Cebuano: Habagatang Leyte; Tagalog: Timog Leyte) is a province in
the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Maasin. Southern
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Leyte comprised the third congressional district Leyte until it was made into an independent province in 1959. Southern
Leyte includes Limasawa, an island to the south where the first Roman Catholic Mass in Philippine soil is believed to have
taken place and thus considered to be the birthplace of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines.
The province ranks as the second least populated in the region. According to the 2020 census, the province has a
population of 429,573. Southern Leyte's geological features created several issues in the province after the flooding of the
Subangdaku River and the 2006 mudslide in Guinsaugon. Organizations warned the province it was susceptible to natural
occurrences like landslides and floods.
Southern Leyte forms an important part of the inter-island transportation system of the country, with ferries
transporting people and goods between Liloan and Surigao del Norte in Mindanao. The province is well known for its
quality abaca products and is the country's major producer of abaca fiber. In September 2017, Representative Roger
Mercado authored House Bill 6408, proposing to change the name of the province to Leyte del Sur.
Southern Leyte occupies the southern quarter of the island of Leyte. It is bounded by the province of Leyte to the
north, by Surigao Strait to the east, Bohol Sea to the south, and Canigao Channel, across from Bohol, to the west. Its total
land area is 1,798.61 square kilometres (694.45 sq mi). The central portion of the province is dominated by the Sogod
Bay, a long bay that cuts deep into the island.
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REGION IX- ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
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REGION IX-ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
Zamboanga Peninsula is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IX lies at the
Souther’nmost portion of the Philippine archipelago. The region was previously known as Western Mindanao before the
enactment of Executive Order No. 36 on September 19, 2001. The city of Zamboanga was designated as the regional
center until Pagadian was designated as its new regional center, although Zamboanga City remains the region's cultural,
economic, and educational center.
The region is located on the western part of the island of Mindanao that lies between the Moro Gulf (part of the
Celebes Sea) and the Sulu Sea. Along the shores of the peninsula are numerous bays and islands of varying sizes. The
peninsula is connected to the rest of Mindanao through an isthmus situated between Panguil Bay and Pagadian Bay. The
region consists of the three Zamboanga provinces and the highly urbanized independent city of Zamboanga, and the
boundary between the peninsula and mainland is artificially marked by the border between the provinces of Zamboanga
del Sur and Lanao del Norte.
Zamboanga Peninsula comprises 3 provinces, 1 independent, chartered and highly urbanized, 1 independent,
chartered
REGIONALcity, 3 component
PROFILE ANALYSIS cities, 67 municipalities and 1,904 barangays. 87
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Region 9 occupies a land area of 17,046.64 sq. km and is composed of three provinces – Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga Sibugay, and Zamboanga del Sur; and five cities – Dapitan, Dipolog, Pagadian, Zamboanga, and Isabela. It
has 8 congressional districts and 67 municipalities. Zamboanga City is the industrial and commercial center of the region
while Pagadian City is now the acknowledged regional center following the transfer of most government regional offices
there from Zamboanga City. The region prides itself as one of the centers of trade and commerce in Mindanao.
DEMOGRAPHY
Region 9’s population as of 2010 stood at 3,407,353 with an average annual population growth rate of 1.87%.
Zamboanga del Sur has the largest population with 959, 685 persons, followed by Zamboanga del Norte with 957,997
persons, Zamboanga City with 807,129, Zamboanga Sibugay with 584,685, and City of Isabela with 97,857.
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ECONOMY
It has the first export-processing zone in Mindanao. Farming and fishing are the main economic activities of the
region. It also has rice and corn mills, oil processing, coffee berry processing and processing of latex from rubber. Its
home industries include rattan and furniture craft, basket making, weaving and brass work. Dipolog City is home to a
number of Bottled Sardines Companies which are being exported abroad. Dakak Park and Beach Resort can be found in
Dapitan it is one of the most visited places in the region along with Gloria's Fantasyland the first and only theme park in
Vismin.
RESOURCES
The region has vast forest resources. It used to export logs, lumber, veneer and plywood. Mineral deposits include
gold, chromite, coal, iron, lead, and manganese. Among its non-metallic reserves are coal, silica, salt, marble, silica sand,
and gravel. Its fishing grounds are devoted to commercial and municipal fishing. It has also aqua farms for brackish water
and freshwater fishes.
PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF ZAMBONGA DEL NORTE
The Province of Zamboanga del Norte, is a province in the Philippines situated within the
Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital is Dipolog and the province borders
Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay to the south, Misamis Occidental to the east, and the
Sulu Sea to the west.
Zamboanga del Norte covers a total area of 7,301.00 square kilometers (2,818.93 square
miles) occupying the northern portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula in western Mindanao. The
province is bordered on the north and west by the Sulu Sea, on the northeast by Misamis Occidental,
and on the south by Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay.
It has an average elevation of 243.8 meters (800 feet), with Mount Dabiak in Katipunan as the highest peak at
2,600 meters (8,500 feet). Other parts, near the coastlines, are plains. The province's irregular coastline runs some 400
kilometers (250 miles) from north to south.
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Zamboanga del Norte comprises 25 municipalities and 2 cities. Dipolog City, Sindangan and Dapitan City are the
top most densely populated area in the province These are further subdivided into 691 barangays, and clustered into 3
congressional districts. Sibuco is the largest municipality by land area, constituting 10.72% (782.54 square kilometers) of
the total provincial area. Sibutad is the smallest, with 0.90% (65.57 square kilometers).
PROVINCE OF ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
Zamboanga Sibugay is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula
region in Mindanao. Its capital is Ipil and it borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga
del Sur to the east and Zamboanga City to the southwest. To the south lies Sibuguey Bay in the
Moro Gulf.
Zamboanga Sibugay is the 79th province created in the Philippines, when its territories were
carved out from the third district of Zamboanga del Sur in 2001.
Zamboanga Sibugay covers a total area of 3,607.75 square kilometers (1,392.96 square
miles) occupying the south-central section of the Zamboanga Peninsula in western Mindanao, at 7°48’N 122°40’E.
To the north it intersects the common municipal boundaries of Kalawit, Tampilisan, and Godod of Zamboanga del
Norte. It is bordered to the west by the municipalities of Sirawai, Siocon, and Baliguian, to the south by the Sibuguey Bay,
and to the east by the municipalities of Bayog and Kumalarang of Zamboanga del Sur. It is further bordered on the
southwest by Zamboanga City.Zamboanga Sibugay comprises 16 municipalities, organized into two congressional
districts and further subdivided into 389 barangays.
PROVINCE OF ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR
Zamboanga del Sur is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula
region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Pagadian. Statistically grouped with Zamboanga del Sur
is the highly urbanized city of Zamboanga, which is geographically separated and a chartered city
and governed independently from the province.
The province borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga Sibugay to the west,
Misamis Occidental to the northeast, and Lanao del Norte to the east. To the south is the Moro
Gulf. The name of Zamboanga is the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama term for "mooring place" -
samboangan (also spelled sambuangan; and in Subanen, sembwangan), from the root word
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samboang ("mooring pole"). "Samboangan" was the original name of Zamboanga City, from where the name of the
peninsula is derived from. "Samboangan" is well-attested in Spanish, British, French, German, and American historical
records from as far back as the 17th century. This is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the
name of Zamboanga to the Indonesian word jambangan (claimed to mean "place of flowers", but actually means "pot" or
"bowl"), usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were "Malays". However, this name has never been
attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s.
Zamboanga del Sur covers a total area of 4,499.46 square kilometers (1,737.25 square miles) occupying the
southern section of the Zamboanga peninsula in western Mindanao. It is located at longitude 122° 30"" and latitude 7°
15"" north. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's land area is 591,416 hectares
(5,914.16 km2). The province is bordered on the north by Zamboanga del Norte, west by Zamboanga Sibugay, northeast
by Misamis Occidental, east by Lanao del Norte, southeast by the Illana Bay, and south by the Moro Gulf. Stretching
northward from Sibugay in the southwest and running along the northern boundary to Salug Valley in the east is the
province’s mountainous countryside. The coastal plains extend regularly from south to west then spread into wide flat
lands when reaching the coastal plains of the Baganian peninsula in the southeast.
The PROFILE
REGIONAL longestANALYSIS
river in Region IX, the Sibugay River gets its water from the mountains of Zamboanga del Sur most 90
specifically in Bayog and Lakewood, from where it flows into Sibuguey Bay which is now part of Zamboanga Sibugay.
Other notable rivers are the Kumalarang River, the Dinas River with its headwaters in the Mount Timolan Protected
Landscape, and Salug River in Molave.
Zamboanga del Sur comprises 26 municipalities and 1 component city, organized into two congressional districts
and further subdivided into 681 barangays. Traditionally grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized city of
Zamboanga, which is administratively independent from the province.
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REGION X- NORTHERN MINDANAO
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REGION X-NORTHERN MINDANAO
Northern Mindanao is designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis
Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, and two cities classified as highly urbanized, all occupying the north-
central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro. Lanao del
Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order
No. 36 in September 2001. Strategically located in the southern part of the Philippines’ resource-rich island of Mindanao.
The region is highly-diversified that enjoys quality living and sustained economic growth. It is home to the Phividec
Industrial Estate, the country’s largest industrial estate that hosts light to medium industries. The region is also a site to
big multi-national corporations which existed for decades. It is an ideal business location. The international seaport and
container terminals, serving the region and the rest of Mindanao, are considered the most efficient outside Metro Manila.
Electricity is reliable and relatively cheap, water is abundant and telecommunications are modern. There is a large pool of
skilled, English-speaking and highly-trainable workforce.
The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao island. The term was officially coined by
the Americans
REGIONAL after
PROFILE the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines due to the defeat of Filipino
ANALYSIS 92
revolutionaries. There have been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the
Cebuano ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to 'northern area' from the Cebuano
language, which is the lingua franca of the region.
Northern Mindanao has a total land area of 2,049,602 hectares (5,064,680 acres). More than 60% of Northern
Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products. The
abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.
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PROVINCIAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF BUKIDNON
Bukidnon is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in Northern Mindanao. Its
capital is the city of Malaybalay. The province borders, clockwise from the north, Misamis Oriental,
Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte. According to the
2020 census, the province is inhabited by 1,541,308 residents. The province is composed of 2
component cities and 20 municipalities. It is the third largest province in the country in terms of total
area of jurisdiction behind Palawan and Isabela respectively.
The name "Bukidnon" means "highlander" or "mountain dweller." Occupying a wide plateau in
the north central part of the island of Mindanao, the province is considered to be the food basket of
the region, being the major producer of rice and corn. Products from plantations in the province also include pineapples,
bananas and sugarcane.
Situated within Bukidnon is Mount Dulang-dulang, the 2nd highest mountain in the country, with an elevation of
2,938 meters (9,639 feet) located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range. Mount Kitanglad (2,899 m), Mount Kalatungan (2,860
m), Mount Maagnaw (2,742 m), Mount Lumuluyaw (2,612 m), and Mount Tuminungan (2,400 m), the 4th, 5th, 8th, 17th,
and 30th highest mountains in the country respectively, are also found in the province.
Bukidnon was ranked 5th in the list of richest provinces in the Philippines according to the Commission on Audit's
2018 and 2019 Annual Financial Reports consecutively which were posted in 2019 and 2021 respectively.
The province's total land area is 10,498.59 square kilometers (4,053.53 square miles), making it the largest in
Mindanao in terms of land area. It accounts for 59 percent (59%) of Northern Mindanao. Thirty-eight percent (38%) is
alienable and disposable. The rest is classified timberland.
It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the region's nonmetallic mineral deposits, which
include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine, manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can
also be found in the province.
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PROVINCE OF CAMIGUIN
Camiguin is an island province in the Philippines located in the Bohol Sea, about 10
kilometers (6.2 miles) off the northern coast of Mindanao. It is geographically part of Region X, the
Northern Mindanao Region of the country and formerly a part of Misamis Oriental province.
Camiguin is the second-smallest province in the country in both population and land area
after Batanes. The provincial capital is Mambajao, which is also the province's largest municipality
in both area and population.
The province is famous for its sweet lanzones, to which its annual Lanzones Festival is
dedicated and celebrated every third weekend of October. It is home to lush interior forest
reserves, collectively known as the Mount Hibok-Hibok Protected Landscape, which has been declared by all Southeast
Asian nations as an ASEAN Heritage Park. The province also boasts three National Cultural Treasures, namely, the Old
Bonbon Church ruins in Catarman, the Sunken Cemetery of Catarman, and the Spanish-era watchtower in Guinsiliban.
The three sites were declared for “possessing outstanding historical, cultural, artistic and/or scientific value which is highly
significant and important to the country and nation.”
Additionally, the island province has numerous Important Cultural Treasures, such as the Old Mambajao Fountain -
situated in the town's rotonda, the Old Mambajao Municipal Building, the façade of the Santo Rosario Church in Sagay,
and 14 heritage and ancestral houses. The sites were declared for “having exceptional cultural, artistic and historical
significance to the Philippines.” All cultural treasures were declared by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
There have been moves to establish a dossier nomination for the province to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage
List.
The name Camiguin is derived from the native word Kamagong, a species of ebony tree that thrives near Lake
Mainit in the province of Surigao del Norte, the region from which the earlier inhabitants of the islands, the Manobos,
originated. Kamigin, the local dialect of Camiguin, is the northernmost variant of the Manobo languages.
An earlier Spanish geography book spells the island as Camiguing. There is reason to suppose the Spaniards
dropped the final g, given how the phoneme /ŋ/ does not exist in Spanish. Today it is rendered as Camiguín.
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PROVINCE OF MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
Misamis Occidental is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the
Philippines. Its capital is the city of Oroquieta. The province borders Zamboanga del Norte and
Zamboanga del Sur to the west and is separated from Lanao del Norte by Panguil Bay to the south
and Iligan Bay to the east. The province of Misamis was originally inhabited by Subanens who were
an easy target by the sea pirates from Lanao.
The province is named after the early settlement of the Spaniards at the entrance to the
Panguil Bay. The name Misamis is believed to have been derived from the Subanen word Kuyamis
which is a variety of coconut, the staple food of the early settlers. During the years the name
persisted as an inference of the geographical location, and upon the advent of the Spanish settlers, the word kuyamis
easily gave way to the more convenient pronounceable but corrupted word Misamis.
Misamis Occidental is located near the narrow strip of land linking Northwestern Mindanao, to the North-central
part of the island. Covering a total area of 2,055.22 square kilometers (793.52 square miles).
The PROFILE
REGIONAL region ANALYSIS
is rich in aquamarine and agricultural products. Misamis Occidental is seen to get more economic 95
opportunities in the future. The province is also open to eco-tourism investments since its location is efficient to most ports
in Northern Mindanao and since it also has a wide range of pristine natural grandeur. The province boasts off its long
coastline where one of the country’s shrimp spawning grounds is located. Aside from shrimps, Misamis Occidental also
offers other aquamarine resources such as shellfishes, prawns and crabs which will eventually pave its way to become
the aquamarine center of the Philippines.
PROVINCE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL
Misamis Oriental is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines.
Its capital, largest city and provincial center is the city of Cagayan de Oro, which is governed
independently from the province. The province borders Bukidnon to the south, Agusan del Norte to
the east and Lanao del Norte to the west. On the north is the Bohol Sea with the island-province of
Camiguin just off its northern coast. Misamis Oriental occupies a total land area of 3,131.52 square
kilometers (1,209.09 square miles). When the independent city of Cagayan de Oro is included for
geographical purposes, the province's land area is 3,544.32 square kilometers (1,368.47 square
miles).
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Misamis Oriental, as a coastal province, is dominated by two bays to the north; the Macajalar and the Gingoog
Bay. The central portion of the province features several rivers originating from the highlands of Bukidnon, such as the
Cagayan. Based on Philippine Statistics Authority’s records in 2015, Misamis Oriental already has a population of 889
thousand, excluding the population of Cagayan de Oro. The highly-urbanized city of Cagayan de Oro alone has a
population of 602 thousand.
PROVINCE OF LANAO DEL NORTE
Lanao del Norte is a province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its
capital is Tubod. The province borders Lanao del Sur to the southeast, Zamboanga del Sur to the
west, Illana Bay to the southwest, Iligan Bay to the north, Iligan City to the northeast, and is
separated from Misamis Occidental by Panguil Bay to the northwest. According to the 2020 census,
the province has a total population of 722,902 people.
Lanao del Norte is a rugged province that ranges from the coastal shorelines in the north to
the high plateaus and mountains in the south. It has also diverse flora and fauna. Lanao del Norte
covers a total area of 3,346.57 square kilometers (1,292.12 square miles) occupying the
southwestern section of the Northern Mindanao region in Mindanao. When Iligan is included for geographical purposes,
the province's land area is 4,159.94 square kilometers (1,606.16 square miles).
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REGION XI- DAVAO REGION
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REGION XI-DAVAO REGION
Davao Region, formerly called Southern Mindanao, is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as
Region XI. It is situated at the southeastern portion of Mindanao and comprises five provinces: Davao de Oro, Davao del
Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Davao Occidental.
The region encloses the Davao Gulf, and its regional center is Davao City. Dávao is the Hispanicized pronunciation
of daba-daba, the Bagobo word for "fire".
Many historians believe that the name Davao is the mixture of the three names that three different tribes, the
earliest settlers in the region, had for the Davao River. The Manobos, an aboriginal tribe, referred to the Davao Rivers as
Davohoho. Another tribe, the Bagobos, referred to the river as Davohaha, which means "fire", while another tribe, the
Guiangan tribe, called the river as Duhwow.
The region’s sustainable economic landscape can be attributed from its vast natural resources, reliable facilities,
conducive business environment, and competitive human resources. Its existing road network, airport and seaport
facilities efficiently support both travel and trade, making it a major gateway to the ASEAN (Association of South East
Asian Nations) and Pacific economies. Aside from its investment potentials, the region’s islands to highlands tourism
destinations are among the other reasons that make it one of the top must-visit places in the country.
REGIONAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF DAVAO DE ORO
Davao de Oro is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao.
Its capital is Nabunturan. It used to be part of the province of Davao del Norte until it was made a
separate province in 1998.
T he province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao
Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf. The first elected governor was Jose
Caballero, formerly a lawyer for a mining group in the province. It was formerly known as
Compostela Valley (Cebuano: Kawalogang Kompostela; shortened as ComVal) from its inception
until December 2019, when a plebiscite ratified the law that proposed to rename the province to
Davao de Oro.
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Davao de Oro has a total area of 4,479.77 square kilometers (1,729.65 square miles) occupying the northeastern section
of the Davao Region. The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental
to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf.
PROVINCE OF DAVAO DEL NORTE
Davao del Norte is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao.
Its capital and largest city is Tagum. The province also includes Samal Island to the south in the
Davao Gulf. Samal is the only municipality or city in the province not situated on Mindanao island.
The city covers the entire Samal and Talikud Islands within the Davao Gulf.
Davao del Norte covers a total area of 3,426.97 square kilometers (1,323.16 square miles)
occupying the north-central section of the Davao Region. The province borders Agusan del Sur to
the north, Bukidnon to the west, Davao de Oro to the east, and Davao City to the south.
Before 1967, the five provinces—Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao
Occidental, and Davao Oriental—were administered as a single province named Davao. The present-day Davao Region
isREGIONAL
coterminous withANALYSIS
PROFILE this former province. Davao del Norte is also known as "The Banana Capital of the Philippines." 99
PROVINCE OF DAVAO DEL SUR
Davao del Sur is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its
capital is Digos City. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area and population within the
province's jurisdiction, yet it is administratively independent of the province; as such, Davao City is
only grouped for geographical and statistical purposes.
The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north, Davao Occidental to the south-
east, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-
west, and the Davao Gulf to the east. Davao del Sur covers a total area of 2,163.98 square
kilometers (835.52 square miles) occupying the southwestern section of the Davao Region in
Mindanao. When Davao City is included for geographical purposes, the province's land area is 4,607.59 square
kilometers (1,779.00 square miles).
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The province is composed of sandy beaches and outlying islands, agricultural plains and valleys, rainforests,
swamps, rolling hills and mountains, including the Philippines' highest peak, Mount Apo, which is at 2,954 meters (9,692
feet) above sea level.
PROVINCE OF DAVAO ORIENTAL
Davao Oriental is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao.
Its capital is Mati, and it borders the province of Davao de Oro to the west, and Agusan del Sur and
Surigao del Sur to the north. The province is the traditional homeland of the Mandaya and Kagan
people. Davao Oriental is the easternmost province in the country with Pusan Point in the
municipality of Caraga as the easternmost location. The Philippine Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean,
faces Davao Oriental to the east. Part of the province lies on an unnamed peninsula that encloses
the Davao Gulf to the west. Davao Oriental covers a total area of 5,679.64 square kilometers
(2,192.92 square miles) occupying the eastern tip of the Davao Region in Mindanao. The Eastern
Pacific Cordillera mountain range encompasses the province. To the east of the range lie narrow
strips of coastal areas, which feature several inlets and bays. The province encloses the Davao Gulf to the southwest.
The province is the top producer of coconut and copra in the country, earning the province the title Coconut Capital
of the Philippines. It is also home to Mount Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
PROVINCE OF DAVAO OCCIDENTAL
Davao Occidental is the 81st and newest province in the Philippines located in the Davao
Region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Malita. To the east lies the Davao Gulf. It also
shares a maritime border with the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi to the south.
Davao Occidental covers a total area of 2,163.45 square kilometers (835.31 square miles)
occupying the southwestern tip of the Davao Region in Mindanao. The province is bordered on the
northwest by Davao del Sur; west by Sarangani and northeast by the Davao Gulf.
The topography of Davao Occidental is hilly, rugged and sloping, with nearly the whole
province consisting of mountains. Its eastern shoreline consists of cliffs and beaches with hills immediately on their backs.
Coconut trees and hardwood trees mostly dominate the provincial mainland.
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REGION XII- SOCCSKSARGEN
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REGION XII-SOCCSKSARGEN
Region XII (Soccsksargen) formerly known as Central Mindanao, is an administrative region of the Philippines,
located in south-central Mindanao. The name is an acronym that stands for the region's four provinces and one highly
urbanized city (South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos). The regional center is in
Koronadal located in the province of South Cotabato, and the center of commerce and industry is General Santos, which
is the most populous city in the region. The region is bounded on the north by Northern Mindanao, on the east by the
Davao Region, and on the southwest by the Celebes Sea. The region also shares a maritime border with Gorontalo and
North Sulawesi provinces of Indonesia. The province of Maguindanao is situated between Cotabato City, North Cotabato
province, and Sultan Kudarat.
The region has extensive coastlines, valleys and mountain ranges. Known for its river system, the region is the
drainage basin of Mindanao, particularly at the Cotabato Basin, a large depression surrounded by mountain ranges on
three sides. Within the basin runs the Rio Grande de Mindanao, the longest river in Mindanao and the second longest in
the Philippines. The river empties into the Illana Bay of the larger Moro Gulf at the west of Cotabato City.
At the
REGIONAL southANALYSIS
PROFILE of the basin lie the Tiruray Highlands, a moderately high mountain range blocking the basin from the 102
southern coastline. Southeast of the mountains lie the Sarangani Bay.
REGIONAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO
South Cotabato is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in
Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Koronadal. South Cotabato covers a total land area of 3,935.95
square kilometers (1,519.68 square miles). When General Santos City is included for
geographical purposes, the province's land area is 4,428.81 square kilometers (1,709.97 square
miles). The province is situated on the southern section of central Mindanao, bounded by the
provinces of Sultan Kudarat to the north and west, Sarangani to the south and northeast, Davao
del Sur to the far northeast, and the Sarangani Bay to the southeast.
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PROVINCE OF COTABATO
Cotabato, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in
Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Kidapawan. Some of its barangays are under the jurisdiction of
the nearby Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.
Cotabato covers a total area of 9,008.90 square kilometers (3,478.36 square miles)
occupying the northeastern tip of Region XII and is centrally located in Mindanao. It is bounded on
the north by the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Bukidnon, on the east by Davao City and Davao del
Norte, on the west by Maguindanao and on the southeast by Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur.
Cotabato is strategically linked to the major "Arterial Road System" that traverses and connects the
province to Davao City - Soccsksargen - Cotabato Corridor. The Cotabato via Kabacan - Maramag - Kibawe, Bukidnon
Sayre Highway meanwhile serves as its link to the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan City Corridor.
Typhoons do not pass through Cotabato and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
PROVINCE OF SULTAN KUDARAT
Sultan Kudarat is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in
Mindanao. Its capital is Isulan and the commercial center is Tacurong. Sultan Kudarat is situated on
the southwestern section of central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of
Maguindanao and North Cotabato; on the south by South Cotabato and Sarangani; on the east by
Davao del Sur; and on the west by the Moro Gulf and the Celebes Sea. The province's total land
area is 5,298.34 square kilometers (2,045.70 square miles). Two major mountain ranges encompass
the province; the Alip Mountain Range in Columbio and the Daguma Mountain Range within the
towns of Bagumbayan, Isulan and Esperanza. The three coastal towns on the province's western
side (Lebak, Kalamansig and Palimbang) are lined with mountain ranges that separate the central part of the province
from the sea. There are also mountains on the eastern side, leaving flat land in between.
The name Sultan Kudarat given to the province was derived from the Muslim ruler, Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan
Kudarat who begun to assert his leadership in the year 1619 and reigned in the Sultanate of Maguindanao from 1625 to
1671. Through his leadership, Spanish forces were successfully repelled from encroaching the Cotabato region of south-
central Mindanao. He is considered a national hero, and in his honor the province was named after him.
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PROVINCE OF SARANGANI
Sarangani is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region. Its capital is
Alabel. With a 230-kilometer (140 mile) coastline along the Sarangani Bay and Celebes Sea, the
province is at the southernmost tip of Mindanao island, and borders South Cotabato and Davao
del Sur to the north, Davao Occidental to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south. Sarangani
covers a total area of 3,601.25 square kilometres (1,390.45 square miles) occupying the southern
tip of the Soccsksargen in central Mindanao.
The province is divided into two sections, separated by the Sarangani Bay and city of
General Santos, and it used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent
province in 1992.
PROVINCE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

General Santos (GenSan) is a first class highly urbanized city in the region of
Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 697,315 people.
The city is located on the island of Mindanao, it is the southernmost and 15th-most populous city
in the Philippines. It is the regional center for commerce and industry of the Soccsksargen region,
and is geographically located within the province of South Cotabato but administered
independently of it.
Formerly known as Dadiangas, the city was named after Gen. Paulino Santos, a former
Commanding General of the Philippine Army and the settlement's leading pioneer.
The city is bounded by municipalities of Sarangani Province, namely Alabel in the east, and Maasim in the south.
General Santos is likewise bounded by the South Cotabato municipality of Polomolok and Sarangani Province
municipality of Malungon in the north, and the municipality of T'boli in the west.
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REGION XIII-CARAGA
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REGION XIII-CARAGA REGION
Caraga Administrative Region (or simply known as Caraga Region) and designated as Region XIII, is an
administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of Mindanao. The region was created through
Republic Act No. 7901 on February 23, 1995. The region comprises five provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur,
Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, and Surigao del Sur.
Caraga is named after the Kalagan people (Spanish "Caragan"), a Mansakan subgroup (related to Visayans)
native to the regions of Davao and parts of Caraga who speak the Kalagan languages. The name itself is from kalagan
(literally "[strong] spirited") which means "fierce" or "brave"; from kalag ("spirit" or "soul") in the native animistic anito
religions. Hence, the whole Provincia de Caraga of AD 1622 was called region de gente animosa, that is "region of
spirited folk"
Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00' to 10 30' N. latitude and 125 15' to
126 30' E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao del Norte,
Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on
the east byPROFILE
REGIONAL the Philippine
ANALYSISSea of the Pacific Ocean. 107
The region has a total land area of 18,846.97 square kilometers (7,276.86 square miles), representing 6.3% of the
country's total land area and 18.5% of the island of Mindanao. 47.6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the
province of Agusan del Sur. Of the total land area, 71.22% is forestland and 28.78% is alienable and disposable land.
Major land uses include forestland comprising 31.36% and 23.98% of agricultural and open spaces.
The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands. Mountain ranges divide Agusan and
Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific coast. The most productive agricultural
area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The well-known Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur.
Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison
in Surigao del Norte, and Tubay, Santiago, Jabonga and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte.
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REGIONAL PROFILE
PROVINCE OF AGUSAN DEL NORTE
Agusan del Norte is a province in the Caraga region of the Philippines. Its capital is the city of
Cabadbaran per Republic Act 8811 with several government offices located in the city of Butuan. It is
bordered on the northwest by Butuan Bay; northeast by Surigao del Norte; mid-east by Surigao del
Sur; southeast by Agusan del Sur, and southwest by Misamis Oriental. Agusan del Norte is situated
in Mindanao's western section of Caraga. It is bordered on the northwest by the Butuan Bay;
northeast by Surigao del Norte; mid-east by Surigao del Sur; southeast by Agusan del Sur, and
southwest by Misamis Oriental. Agusan del Norte has a total land area of 2,730.24 square kilometers
or 1,054.15 square miles. When Butuan is included for geographical purposes, the province's land
area is 3,546.86 square kilometers (1,369.45 square miles).
The central portion of the province forms the lower basin of the third longest river in the country, the Agusan, its
mouth located at the Butuan Bay. Consequently, the terrain surrounding the river features flat to rolling lands.
Mountainous terrain, dominate the northeastern and western areas. The country's fourth largest lake, Lake Mainit is
situated at the northern border between the province of Surigao del Norte.
PROVINCE OF AGUSAN DEL SUR
Agusan del Sur is a province in Caraga region, Mindanao, Philippines. Its capital is the
municipality of Prosperidad. It is bordered on the northwest by Agusan del Norte and Misamis
Oriental; east by Surigao del Sur; southeast by Davao Oriental; mid-south by Davao de Oro;
southwest by Davao del Norte and, mid-west by Bukidnon. It is the fourth largest province in the
country in terms of area. Agusan derives its name from the Agusan word agasan, meaning "where
the water flows", referring to the Agusan River that splits the land and meanders south to north in a
250-kilometer (160 miles) rush to Butuan Bay. It is third largest river in the country and served as
highway for the Spanish colonizers in gaining access to inner northeastern Mindanao. In 1976, the
province's land area was 8,568 square kilometers (3,308 square miles), making it the seventh largest province in the
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country. After claiming the disputed boundary between Davao del Norte, Butuan and with the creation of Sibagat, Agusan
del Sur now has an area of 8,966 square kilometers (3,462 square miles).
The municipalities of Loreto, La Paz, Esperanza, and San Luis are the four largest municipalities in land area
comprising almost 60% of the province's total land area. Santa Josefa and Talacogon, also river towns, have the smallest
land area.
Agusan del Sur is an elongated basin formation with mountain ranges in the eastern and western sides forming a
valley, which occupies the central longitudinal section of the land. The Agusan River, which flows from Davao de Oro in
the south towards Agusan del Norte in the north, runs almost in the middle of the valley and empties at Butuan Bay. The
river has twelve tributaries: Wawa, Gibong and Simulao Rivers in the eastern side and Ojot, Pusilao, Kasilayan, Libang,
Maasam, Adgawan, Cawayan, Umayam and Ihaon Rivers in the western side. These tributaries are fed by streams and
creeks. The southern half of the province from the municipality of Veruela is an area filled with swamps and lakes, the
biggest of which is Talacogon Lake.
PROVINCE OF DINAGAT ISLANDS
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS The Dinagat Islands are a group of islands constituting a province in the Caraga region in 109
the Philippines, located on the south side of Leyte Gulf. The island of Leyte is to its west, across
Surigao Strait, and Mindanao is to its south. Its main island, Dinagat, is about 60 kilometers (37
miles) from north to south. Declared a province in 2006, the Dinagat Islands comprise the second
newest province of the Philippines, with Davao Occidental (2013) being the newest. The province is
one of the smallest island provinces in the country with a total land area of 1,036.34 square
kilometers (400.13 square miles). Located to the northeast of Surigao del Norte, the Dinagat Islands
are separated physically from Awasan and Nonoc Islands of Surigao del Norte by the narrow, 15
kilometers (9.3 miles) long, Gaboc Channel. It takes about 45 minutes to cross Surigao City Port to San Jose Port by
pump boat.
The province consists of the eponymous Dinagat Island and surrounding islands and islets, including Cabilan
Island in Dinagat, La Isla Aga and Lalaking Bukid in Basilisa, Kisses Islets in Libjo, and Hibuson, Stingray Islet, and Puyo
Islet in Loreto. Mount Redondo on Dinagat Island is the highest point of the province reaching 939 meters (3,081 feet)
above sea level.
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PROVINCE OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
Surigao del Norte is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region of Mindanao.
The province was formerly under the jurisdiction of Region 10 (Northern Mindanao). Its capital is
Surigao City. Surigao del Norte is the second northernmost of the Mindanao provinces and is an
important commerce and transportation hub between Visayas and Mindanao. Numerous ferries
cross the Surigao Strait between Surigao and the island of Leyte transporting vehicles, cargoes,
and passengers between Liloan in Southern Leyte and Surigao City.
There are two presumptions on the original meaning of "Surigao" among linguists, depending
on the original root word. If the root word was taken to be sulig ("sprout" or "spring up"), then
Surigao may have derived from suligao ("spring water"), likely referring to the Surigao River (known as "Suligaw" in
Mandaya) that empties at the northern tip of the island of Mindanao. Early historical accounts record the name of the river
asREGIONAL
Suligao,PROFILE
Surigao, or Zurigan.
ANALYSIS 110
Another possibility is that it is derived from Visayan "surogao" or "suyogao," meaning "water current". From suyog
(also sulog or surog), "current". Other Visayan words derived from the same root include Sinulog, Sulu, and Tausug
(Suluk).
Surigao del Norte is an archipelago province situated at the rim of the Asian continental shelf. It is located at the
northeastern tip of Mindanao and faces the Philippine Trench. The province is bounded by the Dinagat Islands on the
north, east by the Philippine Sea, south by the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Sur, and on the west by the
Surigao Strait.
The province, with an area of 1,972.93 square kilometers (761.75 square miles), comprises the mainland situated
at the northeastern tip of Mindanao and several offshore islands, the largest of which include Siargao and Bucas Grande.
The mainland is generally mountainous. The province has many caves and tunnels in its islands. Some are half-
submerged in water most of the time and could be accessed only during low tides like the Sohoton Cove at Bucas Grande
Island.
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Its biggest islands are usually mountainous and rich in minerals. Nonoc Island has one of the world's largest
deposits of nickel. The smaller ones either rest on sand and gravel or have a limestone base bonded by boulders, reefs
and sandbars. Some islets which include those in Del Carmen in Siargao Island are a cluster of rock formations jutting out
from the sea covered with shrubs and coconut trees.
PROVINCE OF SURIGAO DEL SUR

Surigao del Sur is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. Its
capital is Tandag City. Surigao del Sur is situated at the eastern coast of Mindanao and faces the
Philippine Sea to the east.
There are two hypotheses on the original meaning of "Surigao" among linguists, depending
on the original root word. If the root word was taken to be sulig ("sprout" or "spring up"), then
Surigao may have derived from suligao ("spring water"), likely referring to the Surigao River (known
as "Suligaw" in Mandaya) that empties at the northern tip of the island of Mindanao. Early historical
accounts record the name of the river as Suligao, Surigao, or Zurigan.
Another possibility is that it is derived from Visayan surogao or suyogao, meaning "water current". From suyog
(also sulog or surog), "current"; cf. Sinulog, Sulu, and Tausug (Suluk).
Surigao del Sur is located along the northeastern coast of Mindanao facing the Philippine Sea between 125°40' to
126°20' east longitudes and 7°55' and 9°20' north latitudes. It is bounded on the northwest by the province of Surigao del
Norte, on the southeast by Davao Oriental, on the west and southwest by Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur.
Situated west is the Diwata Mountain Range, isolating the province from the rest of Mindanao. To the east lies the
Philippine Sea. The Mindanao Deep, one of the deepest trenches in the world, is situated a few kilometers east of the
coastline.
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BARMM- BANGSAMORO
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BARMM- BANGSAMORO
Bangsamoro, officially the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), is an autonomous
region located in the Southern Philippines.
Replacing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the BARMM was formed with the ratification of its
basic law, the Bangsamoro Organic Law following two-part legally-binding plebiscite in Western Mindanao held on
January 21 and February 6, 2019. The ratification was confirmed a few days later on January 25 by the Commission on
Elections (COMELEC).
The establishment of Bangsamoro was the culmination of several years of peace talks between the Philippine
government and several autonomist groups; in particular, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front or MILF, which rejected the
validity of the ARMM and called for the creation of a region with more powers devolved from the national government. A
framework agreement known as the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was negotiated between the Aquino
administration and the MILF in 2014. After continued negotiations and debates over certain provisions, the Congress of
the Philippines created and ratified a basic law for the region, now referred to as the Bangsamoro Organic Law; the bill
REGIONAL
was signedPROFILE ANALYSIS
into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 26, 2018. Despite questions on the region’s constitutionality, as 113
it would have adopted a parliamentary system in an area of a country with a presidential system of government, no judicial
ruling was made against the organic law and consequently the COMELEC held two-part plebiscite: one by ARMM citizens
determining whether to dissolve the ARMM and immediately replace it with the Bangsamoro and, following the victory of
the yes vote on the first part, and the second part taken by neighboring municipalities and barangays in the provinces of
Lanao del Norte and Cotabato regarding their cession to the Bangsamoro region. As a result of the second part of the
plebiscite, 63 barangays of Cotabato province were handed over to the Bangsamoro government, adding to the
autonomous region’s territory.
The Bangsamoro took the place of the ARMM as the only Muslim-majority autonomous region in the Philippines.
Currently in transition until 2022, the Bangsamoro government has been considered a testing ground for the wider debate
on constitutional reform and federalism in the Philippines.
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REGIONAL PROFILES
PROVINCE OF BASILAN
The Province of Basilan is an island province of the Philippines located primarily in the
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Basilan Island is the largest and northernmost of the major
islands of the Sulu Archipelago. It is just off the southern coast of the geographic Zamboanga
Peninsula.
Basilan, although classified as a third class province in terms of gross provincial income, has
one of the lowest incidences of poverty in the Philippines (26.19% of the general population),
ranked 20 among the Philippines' 80 provinces. (In comparison, Maguindanao which is ranked last
at number 80 has a poverty incidence of 44.24 %.) The gap between Basilan's rich and poor
residents are among the narrowest in the country (ranked 3rd nationwide), pointing to one of the most equitable
distributions of wealth anywhere in the country (Gini coefficient 0.2826, which is slightly better than the provinces of
Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Cavite, Batanes and Batangas).
Basilan is located between latitudes 6°15' and 7°00' and longitudes 121°15' and 122°30'. The island is bordered by
the Basilan Strait to the north, the Sulu Sea to the northwest and west, the Moro Gulf to the northeast, and the Celebes
Sea to the south, southeast and east.
Basilan is the largest and northernmost island of the Sulu Archipelago between the Philippine islands of Mindanao
and Borneo which includes about 400 islands. Basilan Strait, about 17 nautical miles (31 km) at its narrowest point,
separates Basilan Island from the mainland of Mindanao and the port city of Zamboanga. The terrain of the island is
simple, with several undulating slopes concentrated around Isabela City along the coastal areas and hilly towards the
interior. Urban areas are usually 2.5 meters (8 feet 2 inches) above sea level and gently sloping to 300 meters (980 feet)
toward the hinterlands. The stand of timber and forest vegetation is more or less evenly distributed throughout.
The province encompasses Basilan Island and all nearby offshore islands, together with the Pilas Island group
(now Hadji Muhtamad Municipality) west of the island, and the Bubuan and Tapiantana Island group (now Tabuan-Lasa
Municipality) in the south. These are listed among the Philippine islands with a moderate risk of getting hit by tsunamis.
The province has a land area of 132,723 hectares (327,970 acres) under its jurisdiction. Basilan Island itself has an area
of 1,265.5 square kilometers (488.6 square miles) and a shoreline of 169.8 kilometers (105.5 miles).
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Basilan National Park is at the eastern portion of the remaining public forest between the city of Isabela and the
municipalities of Lamitan, Tipo-Tipo and Sumisip. The park has an elevation of 971 metres (3,186 ft) above sea level, and
the tallest peak, Puno Mahaji or Basilan Peak, dominates the park's landscape.
PROVINCE OF LANAO DEL SUR
Lanao del Sur is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi, and it borders Lanao del
Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao and Cotabato to the south. To the
southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.
"Lanao" means "lake", derived from ranao. The province, situated at basin of Lake Lanao, is
known as the land of the "Maranaos" (which means "the "people of the lake"). Lanao del Sur forms
the western portion of Northern Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Lanao del Norte, on the
east by Bukidnon, on the west by Illana Bay, and on the south by Maguindanao and Cotabato. The
landscape is dominated by rolling hills and valleys, placid lakes and rivers.
The PROFILE
REGIONAL climateANALYSIS
in the province is characterized by even distribution of rainfall throughout the year, without a distinct 115
summer season. The province is located outside the typhoon belt.
PROVINCE OF MAGUINDANAO
Maguindanao is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Since 2014 the provincial capital is Buluan but the
legislative branch of the provincial government, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, convenes in the
old provincial capitol in the town of Sultan Kudarat. It borders Lanao del Sur to the north, Cotabato
to the east, Sultan Kudarat to the south, and the Illana Bay to the west.
Maguindanao comprises 36 municipalities, further subdivided into 508 barangays. The
province is divided into two congressional districts. In October 2006, the first congressional district
was split off into a new province, Shariff Kabunsuan. However, the ARMM's Act creating the
province was nullified by the Supreme Court in July 2008, on the basis that creation of a province is a function of the
Philippine legislature. The area has since reverted to the province of Maguindanao.
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PROVINCE OF SULU
Sulu is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).
Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name. Maimbung, the royal capital of the
Sultanate of Sulu, is also located in the province. Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea
and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea. Sulu Province is a part of the Sulu Archipelago,
which stretches from the tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula on the north to the island of Borneo in the
south. The main island and its islets are situated between the island-provinces of Basilan to the
northeast, and Tawi-Tawi to the southwest.
The province covers an area of 1,600.40 square kilometers (617.92 square miles). Sulu's main island, Jolo has an area of
868.5 square kilometers (335.3 square miles), making it the 16th largest island of the Philippine Archipelago by area. The
islands are organized into four groups: (a) Jolo group; (b) Pangutaran group; (c) Tongkil-Banguingui (Samales) group and
(d) Siasi-Tapul group. Sulu comprises 19 municipalities, organized into two legislative districts and further subdivided into
410 barangays.
PROVINCE OF TAWI-TAWI
Tawi-Tawi is an island province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital of Tawi-Tawi is Bongao. The province is part
of the Sulu Archipelago, and consists of Tawitawi Island and 106 surrounding islands and islets
with a combined land area of 1,087.4 square kilometers (419.8 square miles). Tawitawi Island
itself has an area of 580.5 square kilometers (224.1 square miles). The last island of the province
at the edge of the Philippine-Malaysia border is Panguan Island. It is the southernmost province of
the country, sharing sea borders with the Malaysian state of Sabah and the Indonesian North
Kalimantan province, both on the island of Borneo to the west. To the northeast lies the province
of Sulu. Tawi-Tawi also covers some islands in the Sulu Sea to the northwest, Cagayan de Tawi-
Tawi Island and the Turtle Islands, just 20 kilometers (12 miles) away from Sabah. The municipalities comprising the
current Tawi-Tawi province were formerly under the jurisdiction of Sulu until 1973.
Tawi-Tawi is the Sinama form of jawi-jawi, Malay for "banyan tree;" the island is known for having an abundance of
this tree. Early Spanish accounts give the name of the island as Tauitaui, Tavi-Tavi or Tavitavi.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
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Poverty incidence rate of The region’s population There is a high clamor for the Malnutrition rate (0-60 months
3.9% among the density is 20,785 persons per inclusion of San Pedro, Laguna old): 27% stunting;
population. square kilometer in Metro Manila. Support 15% underweight; 7% wasting.
(SOC) (SOC) groups from the local (SOC)
government and
Accounts for 36% of the 4 million slum non-government organizations The average monthly index
GRDP of the Philippines. dwellers in Manila. are striving to incorporate San crime rate is 8.85%, the third
(ECO) (SOC) Pedro into Metro Manila. highest in the country.
(ECO) (SOC)
Labor force participation Inflation rate increased from
rate of 59.8%. Employment 3.8% to 4.9%. Trade and investments. Ratio of Firemen to Population
rate of 93.6%; (ECO) (ECO) (per every 1,000 population)
Unemployment rate of 23:4.
6.4%; Underemployment Less agricultural sector. Business and career (SOC)
rate of 9.0%. (ECO) opportunities.
(ECO) (ECO) 9,212.92 tons of wastes are
Low productivity in agriculture generated per day making it the
NCR Functional literacy rate of and low farm income. The Department of Agriculture highest contributor in the
(National Capital 95.3%. (ECO) (DA) established a “Farmer’s country with 22.98% of waste
Region)
(INS) Trading Center” for the goods generated per day
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS GRDP rate decreased from of the farmers. (ECO) 118
SOC = 5 Has 6 private rehabilitation 6.2% in 2017 to only 4.8% in (ECO)
ECO = 7 and treatment centers. 2018. The West Valley Fault lies in the
INF = 0 (INS) (ECO) Health facilities: 23 barangay major parts of NCR.
INS = 1 health stations; 493 health (ECO)
Roof/Wall material is 86% units; 200 government and
Strong. private hospitals. Flooding in most areas.
(INF) (INS) (ECO)
It has access do different Crime Volume

expressway that connects to 141,884
other region such as CAVITEX, (INS)
NLEX, SLEX.
(INF)
Ongoing construction of
Skyway Stage 3.
(INF)
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Population growth rate of Mortality rate of 5.9 per 1,000 Health facilities: 793 barangay The average monthly index
1.21% (2010-2015) from Population. health stations; 97 rural health crime rate is 5.19%.
5.61 million to 1.72 million. (SOC) units; 58 hospitals (SOC)
(SOC) (government/private).
Affected population from (SOC) Malnutrition rate (0-60 months
Poverty incidence rate natural disaster increased to old): 34% stunting; 12%
decreased by 3.1% from 524,000 in 2016. Least densely populated underweight; 5% wasting.
22.8% (2012) to 19.7% (SOC) among the country’s 18 (SOC)
(2015). administrative regions with 87
(SOC) Inflation rate increased from persons per square kilometer. 664.75 tons of wastes are
1.6% to 3.8%. (SOC) generated per day.
Labor force participation (ECO) (ECO)
rate of 60.2%. Hosts ten (10) of the hundred
Employment rate of GRDP rate decreased from peaks in the country, one is Prone to typhoon that usually
96.7%; Unemployment 12.2% in 2017 to only 7.3% in Mount Pulag in Benguet, the comes from the Northwest
rate of 3.3%; 2018. highest peak in Luzon. Pacific Ocean, known as “the
CAR Underemployment (ECO) (ECO) most active tropical cyclone
(Cordillera
Administrative rate of 14.2%. basin in this planet”.
Region)
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS(ECO) Low productivity in agriculture (ECO) 119
and low farm income.
SOC = 4 Palay production in 2015 (ECO) CAR is in a seismically active
ECO = 6 accounts for 2.21% of the area of the Philippine
INF = 0 national output. Functional literacy rate of archipelago and makes the
INS = 1 (ECO) 91.2%. region vulnerable to
(INS) earthquakes.
CAR is a major contributor (ECO)
to the Luzon Power Grid.
(INF)
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The region has a strong, Agri-fishery commodities The region recorded a decline The region’s maternal mortality
healthy and educated decreased its production in the in unemployment rate at 6.8 rate in 2018 compared to its
workforce. It has 3.6 2nd Quarter 2020 due to Percent. 2016 level improved by 9.09
million available seasonally lower production. (SOC) percentage points.
workforces as of the 4th (ECO) (SOC)
quarter of 2019 which was On employment, the region
around 4.89 percent of the Poor performance of the recorded a 2.1 percentage Infant Mortality Rate in the
country’s 73.5 million agriculture sector and the lack points increase from its 91.1 region went up to a 6.43
workforce. of agri-based entrepreneurs in percent employment rate in percent in 2018.
(SOC) the region. 2017 to 93.2 percent in 2018. (SOC)
(ECO) (SOC)
Region 1 is served by Sharp increase in teenage
primary, secondary and Poor marketability of the The poverty situation in the pregnancy/ adolescent birth
tertiary government and region’s agri-fishery products. region improve over the last rate in the region.
private hospitals located (ECO) three years from 2015 to 2018. (SOC)
across the region. There is (SOC)
REGION I a total of 78 level The aviation and water The newly-diagnosed HIV
(Ilocos Region) 120
1 to 3 hospitals operating transport sectors remain Poverty incidence among cases in the region continued to
in the region, 45 of which wanting of demand. Even with population improved by 3.4 rise from 165 cases in 2016 to
SOC = 6 were government and 33 the improvement in the percentage points or a 252 cases in 2017, and 317
ECO = 10 were private hospitals. aviation and water transport decrease from 13.1 percent in cases in 2018.
INF = 2 (SOC) systems, they remained 2015 to 9.7 percent in 2018. (SOC)
INS = 1 underutilized. (SOC)
Ranked 2nd in Luzon’s (ECO) Underemployment rate rose to
Human Development Poverty among families 22.1 percent in 2018 from 19.9
Index (HDI) in 2012 which The AFF sector in the region dropped from 9.6 percent in percent in 2017.
measured the level of continues to have the smallest 2015 to only 6.9 percent in (SOC)
education, health share of the region’s domestic 2018, or a decline
and income of the regions’ output. of 2.7 percentage points. Individuals and families are still
populations. (ECO) (SOC) below the poverty threshold.
(SOC) (SOC)
Many of the region’s roads At the secondary level, the
Host to several lacked adequate drainage NER’s trend was increasing, Conversion of productive
power plants including the facilities resulting in flooded which reached 85.6 percent in farmlands into non-agricultural
wind and solar farms in sections during the rainy 2018 or an increase of 1.54 purposes.
Ilocos Norte which have season. percentage points from 2016 (ECO)
become tourist attractions. (INF) level.
120 | P a g e
(INF) (SOC)
52% of water supply is For tertiary education, the Exacerbated effect of climate
tubed/piped; 23% uses enrollment rate rose by 2.9 change and unmitigated
Faucet community system; percent from 114,793 disasters to the inherent
17% Bottled. enrollees in 2017 to 118,152 vulnerabilities of the agriculture
(INF) enrollees in 2018. sector.
(SOC) (ECO)
In terms of technical-vocational Mineral production in Region 1

education, the total TVET was lower in the 2nd quarter of
enrollees in the region 2020.
increased from 149,382 in (ECO)
2016 to 180,723 in 2018, thus
recording 21.0 percent All prices of major commodity
increase or 31,341 enrollees. groups rose in Q2 of 2020
(SOC) except transportation,
education, housing, water,
Introduction of disaster risk electricity, gas and other fuels.
reduction and climate change (ECO)
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS adaptation (DRR+CCA) 121
programs and projects to AFF sector growth rate dropped
minimize the impact of natural in 2018. The GVA in the AFF
disasters to agricultural sector recorded a negative
workers. growth rate of 2.3 percent in
(SOC) 2018.
(ECO)
A 143.0 percent increase in
the region’s exports, was Based on the assessment of
noted in the second quarter of the DPWH, 15.94 percent
2020. This translates to a total (265.68 km) of the paved roads
value of exported goods had poor and bad condition.
amounting to US$ 9.17 Million. (INF)
(ECO)
Inflation decelerated at an
average of 2.43% in the 2nd
quarter of 2020 compared to
the previous quarter of the
year.
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(ECO)
According to preliminary
estimates, the region is able to
produce almost 782 thousand
metric tons of agricultural and
fisheries products.
(ECO)
Tourist Attractions Faster to

reach of other countries than
NCR.
(ECO)
A total of 745.34 Million kWh of

electricity was consumed
throughout the region in 2nd
quarter of 2020, this translates
to total energy sales of PhP
725.05 Million.
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS (INF) 122
As of 2018, the combined

power generation capacity of
all power plants in the region is
2,368.10 kw.
(INF)
As of October 2018, the total

length of national roads in the
region was recorded at
1,666.74 km.
(INF)
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Literacy Rate: 92.54%. Region has been increasing by Performance in higher and Indigenous Peoples faced with
(SOC) 1.27 percent annually with technical education and several problems such as
more productive population at research improved. illiteracy or low education,
Labor force participation 64 percent of the total (SOC) unemployment, low productivity,
rate of 64.8%. population. poor health and housing
Employment rate of (SOC) Strong linkages can improve conditions, high mortality, unjust
97.7%; Unemployment the living conditions and displacement from their
rate of 2.3%; 15.8% poverty incidence employment opportunities of territories in the guise of
Underemployment rate of among population. both rural and urban development introduction, and
20.8%. (SOC) populations. vulnerability to both man-made
(SOC) (SOC) and natural calamities.
Research and Development (SOC)
Births among adolescents budget and expenditure of the In 2018, poverty incidence
significantly decreased by region is very low. among population was 16.1 Employment rate dropped to
48 percent. (ECO) percent, lower than the 17.6 96.5 percent in 2019 from 97
(SOC) percent in 2015 percent the previous year.
REGION II Agricultural hunting, forestry (SOC) (SOC)
(Cagayan Valley)
The prevalence of malaria and fishing sector which
SOC = 4 and malaria mortality was comprised 34.20% posted a There remain large tracts of The region’s economy grew
ECO = 5 sustained at zero rate. decline of 3.0%. land that are vacant and idle from 7.1 percent in 2017 to 3.3
REGIONAL
INF =4 PROFILE ANALYSIS
(SOC) (ECO) which could be tapped to percent in 2018. 123
INS = 2 produce high value crops, (ECO)
During the year, the The crops subsector 74.55% livestock, and poultry.
prevalence of stunting, decreased by 4.93%. (ECO) Vulnerability to landslide and
wasting and overweight (ECO) ground shaking for major entry
among children under 5 The average inflation rate and exit points.
decreased. The fisheries subsector with eased to 2.1 percent in 2019 (INF)
(SOC) 4.73% lowered by 5.15%. from 5.1 percent in 2018.
(ECO) (ECO) Limited power supply leading to
The region is endowed frequent power interruptions.
with rich natural resources, All existing airports in the The renewable energy (INF)
diverse culture, and region is not equipped with an generation capacity has also
historical assets that can all-weather navigation system increased upon the Rebel Harassments.
be developed and and below the standards. commissioning of the new 15- (INS)
packaged to boost (INF) megawatt rice husk-fired
the tourism industry power plant
(ECO) (INF)
Region 02 is still the 2nd On the other hand, rural areas

top producer of such as upland and coastal Both residential and
123 | P a g e
agricultural crops in the communities have problems on nonresidential projects
country. physical access and efficiency increased in number during the
(ECO) on the delivery of social year.
services including support (INF)
The Cagayan Economic facilities like power and water.
Zone Authority (CEZA) (INF) The road density increased to
through the operation of 6.73 kilometer / square
the Cagayan Special lack of a regional focal kilometer land area in 2019
Economic Zone and institution to take charge of the from 6.65 km/sq.km in 2018.
Freeport (CSEZFP) region’s culture and arts. (INF)
generated the major (INS)
capital investment in the During the year, with crime
region. incidents declining by 22.37
(ECO) percent.
(INS)

REGIONAL PROFILEThe
ANALYSIS
current daily wage Correspondingly, the The region’s average year-on Region 3 is the third leading 124
rate in Central Luzon is unemployment rate in July year inflation rate decreased to population who has newly
among the highest in the 2018 is the highest since 1.3 in 2015. diagnose HIV cases at 11%.
country, along with NCR January but an improvement (SOC) (SOC)
and CALABARZON. compared to the July 2017 rate
(SOC) of 7.1 percent. Health infrastructure Crime incidence rate at 38.8%
(SOC) increased. For Central Luzon, (2018-2019).
92% literacy rates. a total of 82 projects DOH- (SOC)
(SOC) Insufficient housing. Implemented and
(SOC) 17 DPWH-implemented under Degradation of region’s
Poverty incidence the Health Facilities forestlands and watersheds.
decreased by 1.7% from Malnutrition rate (0-60 months Enhancement Program. (ECO)
12.9% in 2012 to 11.2% in old): 22% stunting; 16% (SOC)
2015. underweight; 7% wasting. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(SOC) (SOC) Housing tenure whereas 8.7% on Agriculture, Hunting,
rents for free with consent and Forestry and Fishing decreased
35% of water supply is Region 3 is the third leading 0.9% rents for free without by 12.9%.
REGION III tubed/piped; 43% uses population who has newly consent. (ECO)
(Central Luzon) Faucet community system; (SOC)
diagnose HIV cases at 11%.
SOC = 7 18% Bottled. (SOC) Farmers are struggling for their
124 | P a g e
ECO = 12 (SOC) Central Luzon has become the rights to land, against
INF = 7 Senior high school teacher Philippines' leading hog displacement, landgrabbing and
INS = 1 The region’s gross defficiency of 12.9% as of producer, having overtaken land use conversion
domestic product grew at 2019. southern Tagalog/ Luzon. (ECO)
an average of 7.1 percent (SOC) (ECO)
from 2011-2016 There is a need to improve
(ECO) 41.6% poverty incidence The presence of Clark field livestock production to meet
among families and 33.3% International Airport. growing demand.
The region is known as the among population. Improvements in their cattle (ECO)
“Rice Granary of the (ECO) production in 2016 (2.6%).
Philippines”, since it has (ECO) Decrease of manpower in the
the largest plain in the Number of farms decreased by agricultural sector by 8.9%
country and produces 2.7% and the total area Use by Philippine Airlines (2018-2019).
most of the country’s rice decreased by 12.7%. (PAL) of Clark International (ECO)
supply. (ECO) Airport as hub of operations for
(ECO) the Clark-Caticlan service and Central Luzon is at high risk to
the Clark- Incheon (South the occurrence of typhoons.
93% of households has Food insecurity in household is Korea) route. (ECO)
access to sanitary toilet 64%. (INF)
facilities. (ECO) Central Luzon ranked third Decrease in tourism arrivals by
(ECO) among the regions in terms of 8.9% from 2018-2019. 125
There are very few areas approved construction permits (ECO)
Central Luzon has the 3rd develop for tourism. comprising of residential,
largest number of installed (ECO) nonresidential, addition, Decrease in new number of
and subscribed alteration and repair in the establishment from 2018-2019
telecommunication lines. 3,890.12 tons of third quarter of 2018. by 0.16%.
(INF) waste is generated per day. (INF) (INF)
(ECO)
Development of the Clark Government is planning to There are parts is vulnerable to
Green City, which is Irrigation development remains improve the infrastructure earthquakes and landslides.
envisioned as the low especially in the region’s between Clark and Subic. (INF)
Philippines’ first green major rice producing areas. (INF)
Metropolis, is projected to (INF)
generate over 800,000 Implements the national
jobs. at full development, Need to increase infrastructure greening program (NGP), a
Clark green city is support for fisheries. flagship program of president
expected to accommodate (INF) Benigno S. Aquino III which
1.12 million residents. aims to plant 1.5 billion trees in
(INF) Full potential of Subic port yet 1.5 million hectares of
to be realized. denuded areas.
125 | P a g e
Groundbreaking of the (INF) (INS)
₱172 million east
perimeter road project in Congested prison cells and
Clark free port that would correctional facilities.
provide an alternate road (INF)
going to and from of the
cities of Angeles and Lack of infrastructure,
Mabalacat. particularly roads that provide
(INF) easy access to tourist sites, as
well as underdeveloped
historical, cultural, ecology
coastal zones and nature sites.
(INF)
Has only 2 government owned

residential rehabilitation center
despite being the 3rd leading
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS population that has cases of 126
HIV.
(INS)
126 | P a g e
Poverty incidence among The Region’s labor force The employment rate Indigenous Peoples (IPs) who
families declined by 4.1 participation rate increased by increased to 93.9 percent in are mostly residing in
percentage
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS points from 9.1 1.4 percentage points from 2019 from 93.4 percent in geographically isolated areas 127
percent in 2015 to 5.0 62.7 in 2018 to 64.1 percent in 2018. (GIDAs) in the region have
percent in 2018. 2019. (SOC) difficulty accessing the basic
(SOC) (SOC) services such as health and
Underemployment rate also livelihood services.
In 2019, stunting Region 4A is the second decreased to 11.8 percent in (SOC)
prevalence in leading population who has 2019 from 13.4 percent in
CALABARZON is 8.43 newly diagnosed HIV cases at 2018. Maternal mortality rate
percent which is 11.26 16%. (SOC) increased from 42.95 in 2018 to
percent lower than in (SOC) 53.19 in 2019.
2018. Has the highest (SOC)
(SOC) Reluctance of investors to go workforce at 10,195,000 which
into new businesses due to comprises 14 percent of the Workers in the informal sector
Region IV-A improved on difficulty in complying with country’s total labor force. (WIS) and the contractual or job
decreasing the cases on governmental requirements. (SOC) orders (JOs) in the formal
REGION teenage pregnancy. (SOC) economy, are vulnerable to
IV-A (SOC) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino economic risks.
(CALABARZON) 2nd most densely populated Program (4Ps) that benefitted (SOC)
Mortality rate decreased region. 328,256 poor households in
SOC = 12 from 3.64 percent in 2018 (SOC) the region. Being the most populous region
ECO = 11
127 | P a g e
INF = 5 to 3.00 in 2019. (SOC) at 14.4 million and having a 14
INS = 1 (SOC) Population growth rate of percent share in the youth labor
2.58% annually, on average, Health facilities: 2,392 force population of the country.
Five hundred and one from 2010-2015 from 10.1 barangay health stations; 224 (SOC)
technical vocational million to 11.2 million. rural health units; 274
institutions operate in (SOC) hospitals (government/private). Possible outbreaks of new
the five provinces. (SOC) animal diseases due to climate
(SOC) Malnutrition rate (0-60 months change, disasters and
old): 27% stunting; 15% Establishment of numerous infestations.
Resettlement areas and underweight; 7% wasting. housing projects. (SOC)
informal settlers were (SOC) (SOC)
established in 4,440.15 tons of waste is
Dasmariñas, General Food insecurity in household is Availability and increased generated per day.
Mariano Alvares and 64%. utilization of high-quality (ECO)
Carmona. (SOC) seeds.
(SOC) (ECO)
CALABARZON continues 4,440.15 tons of waste is Agribusiness, manufacturing High production cost due to
to be the second biggest generated per day. and logistics. increased dependency on
contributor to Philippine (ECO) (ECO) imports of feed ingredients and
Gross Domestic Product veterinary supplies and high
REGIONAL PROFILEfrom
ANALYSIS
2015 to 2017 next 9.1% poverty incidence among Use of farm mechanization price of other imported raw
128
to the National Capital population. and farm clustering. materials for feed rations.
Region. (ECO) (ECO) (ECO)
(ECO)
Inflation rate increased from The number of same-day Less fishing operations and
One of the highest number 3.5% in 2017 to 4.0% in 2018. visitors reached 61,075,494 in minimal catch due to rough
of banks relative to the (ECO) 2019 while overnight tourist seas brought about by
total number of cities/ visitors increased by 17.06 typhoons.
municipalities under its Reduction in post-harvest percent. (ECO)
jurisdiction with a density losses.
(ECO)
ratio of 12% in 2016. (ECO)
Presence of transient fishermen
(ECO) The ratio of actual irrigated and foreign commercial fishing
The ongoing widening of the
area increased every year vessel.
Strict enforcement of national roads, is faced with
from 2016 to 2019. The actual (ECO)
fishery law and the slow action in the
irrigated area of 74.15 percent
regulations. relocation of obstructive utility
in 2018 and 77.8 percent in 64.82% of the total land area is
(ECO) posts.
2019 exceeded their targets by certified Alienable and
(INF)
1.96 and 2.49 percentage Disposable.
High contribution to the points, respectively. (ECO)
country’s GDP through There was a minimal increase
(INF)
128 | P a g e
industry at 30.6% Increase in the length of additional A total of 238,153.84 hectares
corn production by 49.4%.) national roads from 2018 to The length of toll roads is a soil erosion hotspot and is
(ECO) 2019. increased from 496.60 lane-km highly susceptible to landslide.
(INF) to 545.44 lane-km with the (ECO)
CALABARZON completion of the Manila-
contributed 7,524.36 Traffic problems in many Cavite Expressway. West valley fault majorly lies in
megawatts capacity in developing areas. (INF) CALABARZON.
2019 or approximately 49 (INF) (ECO)
percent of the 15,261.4 A total of 32 tourism roads
megawatts dependable Has only 2 government owned under the DOTDPWH Safety concerns along the
capacity of the Luzon Grid. rehabilitation center. Convergence Program and 94 roads also need to be
(INF) (INF) farm-to-market roads were addressed, such as flooding,
completed. insufficient lighting
Intensive conversion of pasture (INF) and signages.
lands for industrial purposes. (INF)
(INS)
The Sangley Airport
Development Project aims to
serve as an alternate gateway
in Sangley Point, Cavite, and
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS transfer the general aviation 129
operations of Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA).
(INF)
On-going construction of the

South Luzon Expressway
(SLEX) Toll Road Phase IV
(TR-4), which is envisioned to
decrease the travel time and
improve the movement of
goods from Sto. Tomas,
Batangas to Lucena City,
Quezon.
(INF)
Heath Facilities: 2,392

barangay health stations; 224
rural health units; 274 Hospital.
(INS)
129 | P a g e
130 | P a g e
24.4% poverty incidence Affected population from Indigenous related to the Employment rate decreased by
among population. natural disaster increased to protection of their rights as 10.51 percentage points from
(SOC) 460,000 in 2016. distinct peoples. 95.2 percent in April 2019 to
(SOC) (SOC) 84.7 percent in April 2020.
84% literacy rate. (SOC)
(SOC) Mortality rate is 5.6 per 1,000 The region’s population
of population. density is 100 persons per High prevalence of
Labor force participation (SOC) square kilometer. malnourished children.
rate of 61.9%. (SOC) (SOC)
Employment rate of Malnutrition rate (0-60 months
94.8%; Unemployment old): 37% stunting; 25% Health facilities: 1,103 Palawan remains one of the
rate of 5.2%; underweight; 11% wasting. barangay health stations; 82 provinces in the Philippines with
Underemployment rate of (SOC) rural health units; 66 hospitals most malaria cases.
22.1%. (government/private). (SOC)
(SOC) Labor force participation rate (SOC)
decreased by 10.14 Food insecurity of 73%.
The region posted a percentage points from 61.5 Popular as it many tourist (SOC)
REGION foreign trade surplus of percent in April 2019 to 51.4 spots can be found in the
IV-B US$3.64 million in April percent in April 2020. region. Although the poverty incidence
(MIMAROPA) to May 2020. (SOC) (ECO) among the population
(ECO) decreased by 6.6%, the poverty 131
SOC = 10 Although the poverty incidence Availability of potential areas incidence rate is at 24.4%.
ECO = 6 Tourism industry is one of among the population for livestock raising. (SOC)
INF = 6 the major economic decreased by 6.6%, the (ECO)
INS = 1 contributors of the poverty incidence rate is at Losses on native chicken/free
MIMAROPA region. 24.4%. MIMAROPA has the great range chicken due to typhoons.
(ECO) (SOC) opportunity to be promoted to (ECO)
one of the candidates for
Inflation rate increased up Generates 974.06 tons of Ecotourism Capital of the Effects of climate change and
to 3.6% in 2018 from 2.7% wastes per day. Philippines. natural disasters to agricultural
in 2017. (ECO) (ECO) production, and to the region as
(ECO) a whole.
The average monthly index Primary industries are tourism (ECO)
Improvements in their crime rate is 3.59%. and fishing.
cattle production in 2016 (ECO) (ECO) MIMAROPA’s inflation
(2.2 percent). increased by 0.3 percentage
(ECO) point from 3.0 percent in April to
3.3 percent in June 2020.
Poor health facilities and (ECO)
Seaports and Airports. hospitals. The total production value of The value of imports in the
131 | P a g e
(ECO) (INF) metallic minerals reached region for the months of April to
₱3.91 billion for the second May 2020 recorded a 42.25
Increasing demand for Only 69% of household has quarter of 2020. percent Drop.
coffee and cacao both in accessible toilet facilities (ECO) (ECO)
the domestic and whereas 14% has no access to
international markets. toilet facilities. Improving port facilities such It ranks 2nd among regions with
(ECO) (INF) as passenger terminal national roads in bad condition.
buildings and access roads to (INF)
Highest contributor to the Need to improve the make port operations more
national fisheries transportation facilities and efficient. Geographical characteristics of
production. services that are critical to the (INF) the region (Island provinces)
(ECO) development of agriculture and pose problems and difficulties in
tourism. A total length of 756.23 the transport of agricultural
GRDP rate increased from (INF) kilometers of national roads, inputs as well as in the
5.2% in 2017 to 8.6% in was concreted during the marketing of agricultural
2018. Lack of rooms, school and assessment period. products.
(ECO) facilities. (INF) (INF)
(INF)
The province hosts three Heath Facilities: 1,103 The region’s average monthly
nickel mining firms, one barangay health stations; 82 crime rate in April to June 2020
limestone quarry rural health units; 66 Hospital. increased by 8.02 percentage 132
operators, and two (INS) points from last year’s 6.27
largescale mineral percent to 14.29 percent.
processing plants. (INS)
(INF)
Has a total length of

2,297.70 kilometers of
national road as of 2015,
ranking 4th in the country
in terms of road length.
(INF)
36% of water supply is

tubed/piped; 37% uses
Faucet community system;
11% Bottled; 7% Spring;
5% Bottled; 4% Others.
(INF)
Convergence of research
132 | P a g e
and development
initiatives of state colleges
and universities,
government agencies and
other institutions in
introducing new
technologies to support
businesses in the region.
(INS)
133 | P a g e
Underemployment rate Bicol is the region with the Health facilities: 1,146 Unemployment rate surged
decreased from 33.3 second highest number of poor barangay health stations; 134 from 5.8 percent in April 2019 to
percent in April 2019 to population. rural health units; 65 hospitals 15.7 percent in April 2020 or
27.4 percent in April 2020. (SOC) (government/private). around 344,000 unemployed
(SOC) (SOC) Bicolanos.
Malnutrition rate (0-60 months (SOC)
The health and nutritional old): 37% stunting; 25% Longer life expectancy than
condition of children underweight; 8% wasting. the average in the country. Employment rate significantly
improved with the (SOC) (SOC) decreased from 94.2 percent in
decrease in stunting, April 2019 to 84.3 percent in
overweight, and under-five Affected population from The Electricity, Gas and Water April 2020.
mortality rates. natural disaster increased to Supply subsector managed to (SOC)
(SOC) 2,522,000 in 2016. rebound to 1.9 percent in 2018
REGION V (SOC) from a contraction of negative Malnutrition rate (0-60 months
(Bicol Region) 80% literacy rate. 0.3 percent in 2017. old): 37% stunting; 25%
(SOC) Mortality rate of 6.3 per 1,000 (ECO) underweight; 8% wasting.
SOC = 11 of population.
ECO = 11 (SOC)
Highest contributor to the (SOC) Abaca fiber production
INF = 5 fast growth in the industry increased from 26,196 MT in
INS = 4 Food insecurity in household is
sector is construction (21.7 Lack of health facilities. 2017 to 28,712.86 MT in 2018 in the alarming rate of 78%.
REGIONAL PROFILE percent),
ANALYSISfollowed by (SOC) or an increase of 6.33 percent. 134
(SOC)
mining and quarrying at (ECO
18.80 percent, and 1.2 14% of household has no Agriculture, hunting, forestry
percentage points in access to toilet facilities. The Mining and Quarrying and fishing sector comprised
manufacturing. (SOC) subsector closely followed with 20.0% of the region economy
(ECO) a growth rate of 18.8 percent and it recorded a 0.2%
Population growth rate of in 2018, from 5.5 and 9.0 reduction in output.
In 2018, the Bicol GRDP 1.25% (2010-2015) from percent in 2017 and 2016, (ECO)
grew by 8.9 percent which 7.09% million to 4.48% respectively.
is faster than the 5.0 million. (ECO) Monitoring of pests and
percent recorded in (SOC) diseases, and distribution of
2017, surpassing all other Improvements in their cattle biological control agents in the
regions nationwide in Poverty incidence although production in 2016 (3.1%). farms.
terms of economic growth decreased by 5.1% the poverty (ECO) (ECO)
(ECO) incidence rate is at 36%.
(ECO) Availability and increased Difficulties in bidding process
utilization of high-quality that cause delay.
seeds. (ECO)
Inflation rate increased to (ECO) There are 3 active volcanoes,
6.4% (2018) from the Most farm lands are planted to Promotion of capacity building the Mt. Mayon, Mt. Bulusan,
134 | P a g e
previous rate of 1.2% one kind of crop during the activities to enhance farmers’ and Mt. Iriga.
(2017). year. This limits the knowledge and skills on (ECO)
(ECO) productivity of the land. technology advancement and
(ECO) product development. The region is prone to typhoons
From 2016-2018, the (ECO) because of the southwest and
average share of the Lack of alternative livelihood northeast monsoon and the
Services sector was for the displaced miners Agriculture is the largest combined effects of the Inter-
recorded at 57.3 percent, affected by the cease and component of the economy, Tropical Convergence Zone.
followed by Industry at desist orders on illegal followed by commercial (ECO)
26.2 percent and activities issued by the DENR- fishing.
Agriculture, Hunting, MGB. (ECO Generates 2,012.26 tons of
Forestry and Fishing (ECO) wastes per day.
(AHFF) at 19.4 percent. The Quirino Highway, which (ECO)
(ECO) High cost of utilities (power was built a few years ago, has
and water) as well as the slow shortened the travel time from Roof/Wall material is only 48%
Total fishery production and costly internet connections Manila to Camarines Sur by strong.
increased by 7.6 percent are major concerns for the almost two hours. (INF)
with aquaculture trade and industry sectors. (INF)
increasing the fastest at (ECO) Lack of appropriate venue for
28.5 percent, followed National road length increased the conduct of rehabilitation
REGIONAL PROFILE
by ANALYSIS
municipal fishing at 1.4 Fisheries subsector dropped at by 3.57 kilometers (km) from Activities. 135
percent, and commercial 4.66%. 2,385.67 km in 2016 to (INS)
fishing at 1.2 percent. (ECO) 2,389.22 km in 2018.
(ECO) (INF)
Many roads and highways are
Livestock and poultry in poor condition. The Andaya Highway is
performed well in 2017 (INF) continually being improved.
and 2018. (INF)
(ECO) Lack of irrigation facilities.
(INF) For sea transportation, the
Shared 2.0% in the Matnog Port in Sorsogon has
national Gross Domestic Only 1 major port is existing in ongoing expansion and
Products (GDP). the region. upgrading projects that include
(ECO) (INF) the construction of additional
RORO ramp, and the
72% of household has Poor fish trading facilities. upgrading of the existing
access to toilet facilities. (INF) platform and back-up area.
(INF) (INF)
Upgrading of the Legazpi Providing better access to
International Airport to a health and nutrition services in For air transportation, the Bicol
135 | P a g e
night-capable facility, to geographically isolated and International Airport
allow travelers of the disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) Development Project (BIADP)
Legazpi-Manila route to is impeded due to lack of is 61 percent accomplished as
take night flights. This will competent health workers. of November 6, 2019 and is
further boost tourism in (INS) due for full completion in 2020.
Legazpi, Albay and other (INF)
nearby areas. Backlogs in resolving cases
(INF) and delays in case
development procedures.
Strengthened capacities (INS)
on research and
development. Illegal logging is still a problem.
(INS) (INS)
Education services
improved with the
implementation of the
Universal Access to
Quality Tertiary Education
Act which started in SY
2018-2019. 136
(INS)
136 | P a g e
For the past two years, Farmers and fishers remain Poverty incidence of Region VI The number of HIV-AIDS cases
improvements were among the poorest in the declined from 24.4 percent in in the region has been
observed in state of child region. The 2015 poverty 2015 to 16.4 percent in 2018. increasing for the past three
nutrition. The prevalence statistics show that poverty (SOC) years.
of malnutrition had incidence is quite high among (SOC)
gone down to 3.32 percent farmers (25.7%) and fishers For Region VI, subsistence
in 2018. (18.6%). incidence improved to 4. 2 Dengue cases increased
(SOC) (SOC) percent in 2018 from 8.1 alarmingly from 10,557 in 2017
percent in 2015. to 17,422 in 2018.
94.7% employment rate. Despite the free vaccines for (SOC) (SOC)
(SOC) infants and children to protect
them from various infections, The region’s employment rate Malnutrition rate (0-60 months
Poverty incidence rate the percentage of fully- remained slightly higher in old): 41% stunting; 24%
REGION VI decreased by 6.7% from immunized children remained 2018 at 94.7 percent underweight; 6% wasting.
(Western Visayas) 29.1% (2012) to 22.4% low at 63.15 percent in 2018. compared to 1,027 of 94.6 (SOC)
(2015). (SOC) percent.
SOC = 10 (SOC) (SOC) Food insecurity rate in
ECO = 12 The lack of health household of 75%.
INF = 3 The region was the third professionals. Underemployment rate (SOC)
INS = 2 highest contributor to the (SOC) dropped to 12. 7 percent in
national AFF at 9.2 2018 and further to 10.6 Presence of insurgencies in 137
percent in 2018. The average monthly index percent in 2019. some parts of the region
(ECO) crime rate is 8.55%. (SOC) creates concern on the safety of
(SOC) civilians.
As the fourth most The unemployment rate of the (SOC)
populous region in the Population growth rate of region decreased from 5.4
country, Western Visayas 1.25% (2010-2015) from percent in 2017 to 5.3 percent Less appearance of in-season
is also one of the biggest 7.09% million to 4.48% million. in 2018. species caused by weather
contributors to the national (SOC) (SOC) disturbances.
economic output, ranking (ECO)
sixth from 2016 to 2018. The closure and rehabilitation Additional classrooms
(ECO) of Boracay Island from April to constructed totaled to 2,123 for Damage in crops due to severe
October 2018 resulted to the elementary schools and 4,689 drought caused by the El Niño
Boracay is constantly decrease of tourist arrivals in for secondary schools. phenomenon, which affected
being to maintain its status the region for the year at only (SOC) 1,000 hectares of rain-fed lands
as a top tourist destination 4.96 million. in four Iloilo towns.
(ECO) (ECO) Improvements in their cattle (ECO)
production in 2016 (3.1%).
Western Visayas is a Lower growth of chicken (ECO)
major supplier of live production in 2016 was due to Boracay is constantly being to Less demand for cattle from
137 | P a g e
animals like swine, negative performance by maintain its status as a top buyers.
carabao and chicken to -28.7%. tourist destination. (ECO)
the meat industry of the (ECO) (ECO)
country. Less demand for pork from
(ECO) Travel from Luzon to the Rehabilitation and buyers.
region is expensive. revitalization of the Panay (ECO)
83% literacy rate. (ECO) River to increase cultivation of
(ECO) seashells as well as to make it 2,892 tons of wastes are
Declines in cattle production by available for the public as well generated per day and the
Inflation rate increased -18.0%. as tourists for swimming and highest contributor to waste in
from 1.7% to 5.5%. (ECO) other recreational activities. Visayas.
(ECO) (ECO) (ECO)
GDP rate decreased from
For the major 6.2% in 2017 to only 4.8% in Domestic air travel was Congested and underutilized
commodities, the region 2018. enhanced with the Ports.
was ranked second in (ECO) rehabilitation/upgrading of four (INF)
milkfish production and domestic and three
sixth in hog production. 2,892 tons of wastes are international airports. Overcrowded jail facilities.
(ECO) generated per day and the (INF) (INS)
highest contributor to waste in
REGIONAL PROFILE
TheANALYSIS
construction of almost Visayas. Establishment of an Inadequate rehabilitation 138
all the national roads and (ECO) international port in centers for the treatment of
bridges was completed in Dumangas. drug dependents.
2017. 22.4% poverty incidence (INF) (INS)
(INF) among population.
(ECO) Four new RORO routes were
As of 2018, the total opened enhancing the
number of housing units Inadequate local capacities to connectivity of Wester Visayas
generated was 44,819 or a provide support services such with neighboring regions.
reduction of housing as comfort rooms, rest areas, (INF)
backlogs by 120,097. and pasalubong stops in
(INF) strategic places. Operation of the Roxas City
(INF) Integrated Transport Terminal
One of the regions that (RCITT) as an economic
posted 46.1 percent Lack of access to available enterprise of the city
growth in approved suitable lands for housing. government.
building permits. (INF) (INF)
(INF)
Implementation of
renewable energy projects
138 | P a g e
in Aklan such as the wind
farm in Nabas and hydro
power projects in Madalag,
Aklan.
(INS)
Health Facilities: 1,234

barangay health stations;
115 rural health units; 47
hospitals.
(INS)
139 | P a g e
The region was able to Lack of affordable land for the Visitor arrivals accelerated Many of the rural heath units
bring down poverty construction/expansion of over the period 2011-2015, and barangay health centers
incidence among families. primary health care facilities. reaching 4.6 million in 2015, are also confronted with poor
(SOC) (SOC) up 2 million from the 2011 and inadequate primary health
figure. care services.
Increase in demand for The 2014 Philippine Youth (ECO) (SOC)
technical and vocational Development Index (PYDI)
education. Report shows that Central Central Visayas’ economy in Access to health
(SOC) Visayas ranked near the 2018 accelerated to 7.6 facilities/services remain
bottom in terms of overall percent, from the 5.2 percent low/unequal.
The RDP adopts the PDP youth development. growth in 2017. This was (SOC)
framework for cultural (SOC) driven by the acceleration in
development where Services and Industry Inadequacies of current
government will Exports of the region will likely (ECO) education and health systems
increase the level of remain weak given the to meet the needs of segments
REGION VII cultural awareness, subdued growth of its major Development of a 2,000- of the population vulnerable to
(Central Visayas)
inculcate values for the trading partners. hectare coffee farm in marginalization or exclusion,
SOC = 6 common good, cultivate (ECO) Tuburan, Cebu aims not including indigenous peoples
ECO = 9 creativity, and amplify merely to provide livelihood to and people with disabilities.
INF = 6 national pride among Limited agricultural land over a thousand coffee (SOC)
REGIONAL
INS =4 PROFILE ANALYSIS
Filipinos. suitable for agriculture. farmers, but also, to promote 140
(SOC) (ECO) Tuburan’s eco-tourism niche. Socioeconomic constraints
(ECO) including generally low capacity
Central Visayas came in Low competitiveness of of the region’s constituents to
second to the highest agriculture and fishery Industry also accelerated to avail of education and health
number of mining and products. 9.5 percent in 2018. services.
quarrying establishments (ECO) (ECO) (SOC)
with 18 establishments
(13.3%). High unemployment rate. From 2010-2015, exports from Low productivity in the
(ECO) (ECO) the region rose by an annual agriculture and fishery sector.
average of 16.7 percent (ECO)
2011 to 2016 the regional The weak performance of the (ECO)
economy grew at an region’s imports as many Delayed and interrupted
average annual rate of 7.5 export products of the region Major ports in the region were irrigation services during the
per the fastest growth rate are heavily dependent on like-wise improved/ planting and growing stages of
in the country and higher imported materials. rehabilitated to keep pace with palay caused by prolonged dry
than the national average (ECO) the increase in passenger and spell.
of 6.4 percent. cargo traffic. (ECO)
(ECO) (INF)
Metro Cebu has the Poor science technology and A total of 193 kilometers of There are active fault lines in
140 | P a g e
second busiest innovations. national roads in Bohol, Cebu, the region.
international airport and (INF) and Siquijor were constructed (ECO)
international port to back or upgraded from gravel to
its drive for increased The lack of ICT infrastructure pave from 2010 to 2015, while Located at the typhoon belt
growth. and systems, and internet 170.97 kilometers were which results flooding in certain
(ECO) capability, for one, are rehabilitated or replaced. areas.
hindering business (INF) (ECO)
Visitor arrivals accelerated Transactions.
over the period 2011- (INF) The air transport sector Heritage structures are
2015, reaching 4.6 million continued to expand with the vulnerable to the impact of
in20 up 2 million from the Lack of accessibility to health addition of domestic and climate change and human-
2011 figure. care and educational facilities, international flights going to induced disasters.
(ECO) especially in the rural areas. and emanating from the (INF)
(INS) region’s major airports.
The higher economic (INF) Energy Consumption Survey
growth led to the Poor Facilitate investment (HECS) conducted by the PSA
generation of more jobs as trade. Moreover, some 100 indicated that electricity is the
the employment rate (95.0 (INS) kilometers of roads leading to most common source of energy
percent in 2016) improved airports, RoRo ports and used by households (87
and surpassed the low- tourist sites were widened or percent) in the Philippines.
end target. upgraded under the (INF) 141
(ECO) convergence programs of
national government agencies. In 2015, data of DOH 7 showed
The region is host to (INF) that 7% of families in the region
special economic zones had no access to safe water.
(SEZs) for IT enterprises 87 percent functional literacy (INF)
and FDI manufacturing, Rate.
including one of only three (INS) The transport sector is also
shipbuilding areas in highly vulnerable to accidents
the Philippines exporting Services accelerated to 7.0 and security threats including
bulk carriers. percent in 2018, from the Terrorism.
(INF) growth of 6.5 percent recorded (INF)
in the previous year.
Cebu is base to over 80% (INS) Huge classroom backlog and
of interisland shipping slow delivery of additional
capacity in the Philippines. educational resources.
(INF) (INS)
ICT continues to be a
primary growth driver of
Central Visayas. Inadequacies of service
141 | P a g e
(INF) providers in terms of quantity
and quality of services for
health and educational
services.
(INS)

Employment rate of 91.9% Poverty incidence in Northern Health facilities: 902 barangay Average monthly crime
(ECO) Samar increased from 50.2% health stations; 160 rural rate of 4.67%.
in 2012 to 56.2 percent in health units; 52 hospitals (SOC)
Poverty incidence 2015. (government/private).
decreased from 48.0% to (SOC) (SOC) There were 16,990 drug users
37.6%. who surrendered in Eastern
(ECO) Malnutrition rate: 42% stunting; Coconut, rice, abaca, and Visayas as of August 2016.
26% underweight; 8% wasting Sugarcane, are the crop that (SOC)
The region is likewise among 0-60 months old. utilizes a large part of the
subdivided into five IEM (SOC) agricultural land of the region. The region has eight coconut oil
zones, wherein
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS (ECO) mills with an estimated rated 142
interventions can be Ranked 11 to the most capacity of 451,200 metric tons
properly planned for every populous region in the country. The region is rich in mineral per year. After Yolanda three oil
identified zone. (SOC) resources encased in 563,049 mills remain non-operational.
(ECO) hectares. (ECO)
REGION The region had low average (ECO)
VIII From a 2.1 percent growth household income. The region’s high vulnerability
(Eastern Visayas)
in 2011, the GRDP (SOC) The Industry sector remained to disasters weakens the
SOC = 8 expanded to 3.9 percent in as the main engine of growth, region’s competitiveness.
ECO = 11 2015. High population in the region, comprising an average of 41.0 (ECO)
INF = 1 (ECO) increased by 3.8% or an percent of the Eastern
INS = 1 addition of 166,550 individuals Visayas’ total economic output. The geographic location of the
The period 2011-2015, the bringing the total number of (ECO) region makes it highly
Service sector’s growth poor populations to 1.7 million. vulnerable to natural threats
averaged 4.9 percent, the (SOC) Employment in Service and and risks that include typhoons,
highest growth rate among Agri-Fishery sectors at 44.2% drought, among others.
sectors. Eastern Visayas stands as the and 43.7% as of 2015. (ECO)
(ECO) third poorest region in the (ECO)
country. Highest inflation rate was
Gross capital formation (SOC) Employment in Industry sector recorded in 2014 at 7.0 percent
has increased from 6.2 with only 12%.
142 | P a g e
percent in 2011, it stood at The highest reduction was in (ECO) after the onslaught of Yolanda.
33.3 percent in 2015, 2014 at -12.7 percent due to (ECO)
amounting to PhP50.7 Yolanda’s massive destruction Tourism development
billion. in the Agri-Fishery sector. programs and projects. In 2014, youth unemployment
(ECO) (ECO) (ECO) rate in Eastern Visayas stood at
12.7 percent.
The total population of the (ECO)
Investments in the region, region based on the 2015
measured by the total Census was 4,440,150. This It has nine major proclaimed Roof/wall material were only
amount of projects number accounted for 4.4 watershed areas covering a 40.7% strong.
registered in the Board of percent of the country’s total total area of 32,450 hectares. (INF)
Investments, reached population. This population (INF)
PhP13.03 billion from was higher by 339,000 The Philippine Associated
2012 to 2016. compared with the 4.1 million There are 3 major ports in the Smelting and Refining (PASAR)
(ECO) in 2010. Region. Corporation had a production
(ECO) (INF) stoppage due to a fire incident
Mining and quarrying in 2012.
contributed an average of Agriculture sector continued to There are 8 domestic airports (INS)
0.44 percent and 0.18 underperform with its in the Region.
percent to the region’s contribution gradually (INF)
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS decelerating from 20.0 percent 143
industry GVA and GRDP,
respectively. in 2011 to 16.7 percent in
(ECO) 2015.
(ECO)
Metro Tacloban & Metro
Ormoc have direct air and The AHFF average annual
sea links to and from contraction rate of 5.32 percent
Metro Manila, Metro Cebu was noted from 2011 to 2015.
and other key destinations (ECO)
in the country.
(INF) Lower share of agriculture
sector to the regional economy
71% of households had from 21.9% in 2011 to 16.7%
access to in 2015.
sanitary toilet facilities (ECO)
(INF)
Average rate of
Number of households underemployment at 26.9
that were provided access percent, relatively higher than
to safe drinking water was the country’s 19.2 percent.
143 | P a g e
reported at 57%. (ECO)
(INF)
Functional literacy rate of

73%.
(INS)

Poverty incidence High underemployment rate of Health facilities: 757 barangay Terrorism
decreased from 40.1% to 21.9 percent. health stations; 92 rural units; (SOC)
33.9%. (ECO) 45 hospitals
(SOC) (government/private). Average Monthly Crime Rate:
Region’s poverty incidence in (SOC) 10.12%
Reducing maternal 2015 was 16.5 percent among (SOC)
mortality rate at 62.7%. families and 21.6 percent Tourism showed a 22% annual
(SOC) population. growth rate for domestic Food insecurity: 73%
(ECO) tourists and 12 % annual (SOC)
The region’s inflation rate growth for foreign tourist.
from 2011 to 2016 ranged
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS The region’s population (ECO) Inflation rate of 6.6%. 144
from 6.1 percent to 2.9 increased to 3,629,783 in (ECO)
percent, with an average 2015. Rubber, seaweeds, processed
REGION IX of 4.03 percent. (ECO) fish, cacao, processed food Threats of tsunami in certain
(Zamboanga (ECO) coconut and metal craft are areas in the region.
Peninsula) Underemployment rate was their sales generator that (ECO)
The region is also the recorded at 18.8%. contributed to their domestic
SOC = 3
country’s number one (ECO) sales. Destruction to properties and
ECO = 8
producer of rubber (ECO) loss of lives due to climate
INF = 5
contributing 43.92 percent Unemployment rate was change-related disasters.
INS = 3
of the national rubber recorded at 3.9%. Increased in accommodation (INF)
output. (ECO) establishments 141.6%.
(ECO) (ECO) Polluted air due to smoke
Insufficient power supply leads belching and smoke emission
Zamboanga Peninsula to frequent power interruption Development of Pagadian City from industrial establishments.
generated total export thereby disrupting economic into a smart, efficient and (INF)
earnings in the amount of activities in the region. effective Zamboanga
US$151.801 million in (ECO) Peninsula Regional Roof/wall material were only
2011-2016. Government and 27.4% strong.
(ECO) Inadequate climate-resilient Administrative Center. (INF)
and reliable infrastructure. (ECO)
144 | P a g e
Region IX also ranks third (INF)
in terms of seaweeds The Industry sector from 4.3
production contributing In 2016, there were 5,559 percent in 2013, it surged to
roughly 12 percent of the inmates in jail facilities region 10.7 percent in 2014 and
total national output. wide, for a congestion rate of increased more to 12.1
(ECO) 710 percent. percent in 2015.
(INF) (ECO)
There were only 6 public A new city government center
The region’s economy colleges and state universities for Zamboanga City shall be
managed to grow from in the region. established at Barangay
2011 to 2015, with an (INS) Cabatangan.
average gross regional (ECO)
domestic product (GRDP) Has no major correctional or
growth rate of 6.2 percent. institutional facility for inmates Isabela City: Agri-Aquamarine
(ECO) despite being second highest production growth center.
in the monthly index crime (ECO)
The region supplies 70 rate.
percent of the Philippine (INS) Establishment of a Subanen/IP
domestic requirements for Center for Culture and the Arts
dried fish. The region doesn’t have solid in every province in the region.
(ECO) waste management plan in (INF) 145
their respective areas.
Palay and corn were the (INS) ZAMBOECOZONE plans to
major crops. establish a world class type
(ECO) international seaport as the
major hub for the handling of
The region’s employment trans-shipped cargoes in the
rate was 96.4%. BIMP-EAGA.
(ECO) (INF)
The region has the biggest Sustainable Coral Reef

canning factories and it Ecosystem Management
supplies 75% of the Program (SCREMP)
country’s total domestic (INS)
requirements for canned
sardines. Protection and conservation of
(ECO) wildlife/Biodiversity
Conservation Program (to
include coral reef and seas
The region is number one
grass)
producer of rubber
145 | P a g e
contributing 43.92% of the (INS)
national rubber output.
(ECO)
83.43% of households had

access to sanitary toilet
facilities.
(INF)
Number of households
that were provided access
to safe drinking water was
reported increased at
91.43%.
(INF)

Poverty incidence among The region recorded a 36.6% Health facilities: 1,305 Terrorism
population
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSISdecrease from poverty incidence among poor barangay health situations; (SOC) 146
39.5% to 36.6%. population and 30.3% among 121 rural health units; 75
(SOC) poor families. hospitals (government/private). Number of natural disaster per
(SOC) (SOC) year: 20 disaster incidents.
Economy contributed 5.9% (SOC)
to the GRDP. Malnutrition rate; 37% stunting; 2nd highest industrial output
(ECO) 22%underweight; 7% wasting among Mindanao regions. The region’s increasing
among 0-60 months old. (ECO) problems in criminality rate is at
Region’s economy logged (SOC) 66.1%.
a 5.9% growth rate. Presence of the biggest (SOC)
(ECO) 8TH to the most populous industrial estates in the
region in the country. country. Inflation rate of 3.0%
REGION X Employment rate of (SOC) (ECO) (ECO)
(Northern 94.7%.
Mindanao) (ECO) The share of AFF in the total 31 DOT accredited hotel and Northern Mindanao is
gross domestic product Resorts. potentially at risk to hydro
SOC = 6
Labor force participation declined from 26% in 2010 to (ECO) meteorologic and geologic
ECO = 8
rate 63.8%. 23% in 2015 which posted as hazards.
INF = 4
(ECO) the lowest GVA growth of only International travelers (ECO)
INS = 3
3.9% from 2014 to 2015. preferred Bukidnon, which
Agricultural area: 805,174 (ECO) accounted for 43.1% of total About 90 percent of the local
146 | P a g e
Hectares foreign tourists. roads located mostly in the
(ECO) Lowest in terms of labor (ECO) provinces of Bukidnon, Lanao
productivity in 2015 registering del Norte and Misamis Oriental
The overall agricultural PHP85, 880. Domestic tourists’ arrivals in are still unpaved.
and fishery production (ECO) the region at 96.13% of the (INF)
grew by 24.1% from the total arrivals.
8.6 million metric tons in Compared to the 2015 and (ECO) Roof/wall materials were only
2010 to 10.7 million metric 2016 tragets, palay production 42% strong.
tons in 2015. fell short by 10 and 14 percent. Most destinations in the region (INF)
(ECO) (ECO) can be considered as within
the exploration and The STI sector in the region is
Between 2014 and 2015, Rice sufficiency level was involvement stage in the the low research and innovation
the sector shared 38% of 80.6% than the 69.5% in 2010 tourism area life cycle. productivity.
the total employed but lower by 3.4 percentage (ECO) (INS)
population. points of the 2015 target.
(ECO) (ECO)
Richest in non-metallic Underemployment rate was 1 international and 1 domestic

minerals in Mindanao. recorded at 18.5% airport; Region X has three
(ECO) (ECO) existing airports such as
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS Laguindingan Airport, Labo 147
Palay production grew by Weak tourism branding of Airport, Camiguin Airport.
23.6%, from 586, 442 destination areas, poor (INF)
metric tons in 2015 to 725, connectivity and high
120 metric tons in 2015. dependency on government It has 33 seaports (9-public;
(ECO) subsidies to develop potential 24-private): 3 baseports; 1
attractions. sub-port; 5 terminal ports;
The construction (ECO) There are 4 major ports in the
subsector posted the Physically linked to all regions
highest average growth Inadequate disaster risk in the island through a network
rate with the highest year- prevention, preparedness of roads.
on-year growth rate in management and coping (INF)
2013-2014 at 29.3 mechanisms of poor and
percent. vulnerable sectors and
(ECO) communities.
(INF)
Large potential and
abundant reserves for Lack of affordable land for
hydro-electric power. housing and resettlement sites.
(INF) (INF)
147 | P a g e
90% of households with Mental healthcare facilities:
access to safe water. 1private residential; 2
(INF) government owned rehab
center.
77% of households had (INS)
access to sanitary toilet
facilities. There were only 6 public
(INF) colleges and state universities
in the region.
Household energized rate (INS)
recorded at 85%.
(INF)

86%.
(INS)
The Certificate of Malnutrition rate: 35% stunting; Local tribes – Badjao, Bagobo, Terrorism
Ancestral
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS Domain Title 20% underweight; 7% wasting B’laan, Manobo, Mansaka, (SOC) 148
(CADT) is considered by among 0- 60 months old. Mandaya, Matigsalog,
IPs/Indigenous Cultural (SOC) Maranao, Tausog, Tagacaolo, Average Monthly Crime Rate:
Communities (ICCs) to be Kalagan and others. 5.88%.
a step forward for more The region recorded a 22.0% (SOC) (SOC)
secure community poverty incidence among
property rights. population. Health facilities: 1,119 Diminished number of catch
(SOC) (SOC) barangay health facilities; 68 due to the drying of fishing
rural health units; 63 hospitals waters and hot water
Poverty incidence among Mortality rate of 6.0 per 1000 (government/private). temperature brought about by
population decreased from Population. (SOC) the El Niño phenomenon.
30.7% to 22.0%. (SOC) (ECO)
(SOC) Region’s economy is
Underemployment rate of predominantly agri-based, it is Davao Region is vulnerable to
REGION XI Region’s economy 15.4% and Unemployment rate now developing into a center
(Davao Region) various hazards that are hydro-
registered a 10.9% growth of 18.9%. for agro-industrial business, meteorological and geologic in
SOC = 5 and share a 4.3% to the (ECO) trade and tourism. nature, namely: flooding, rain-
ECO = 5 GDP. (ECO) induced landslides, active fault
INF = 3 (ECO) Industry posted a 10.9% lines, among others.
INS = 3 growth, deceleration from Top contributor to growth in (ECO)
Agriculture, hunting, 19.0% growth in 2017. Services, was the trade and
148 | P a g e
forestry and fishing (ECO) repair of motor vehicles,
(AHFF) recorded a 2.9% motorcycles, personal and Roof/wall materials were only
faster than a 1.7% growth Real state, renting and household goods, which grew 41.1% strong.
from 2017. business activities grew slower by 7.4%. (INF)
(ECO) by 6.4% growth from the 6.7% (ECO)
recorded in the previous year.
The agriculture, hunting, (ECO) The Region has also a cultural
forestry and fishery sector Village known as the Tribu K’
has 13.5% share growth. Insufficient number and Mindanawan Cultural Village
(ECO) capacity of detention and located in the municipality of
correctional facilities. Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur.
The mining industry (INF) (ECO)
increased in 2014 and
2015 with 20% and 25.6% Hospital beds is not sufficient 3.7 inflation rate over the 6-
growth rates, respectively. to cater to the required year period was within target.
(ECO) population. (ECO)
The regions’ 7.1% annual (INF)
average economic growth Lack of promotion and Davao Region’s tourism
in 2010-2015. conservation of cultural industry performed well and
(ECO) heritage, which include media remained vibrant in terms of
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS exposures and publications. domestic and foreign tourist 149
Employment rate of 95.7% (INS) arrivals which grew at 27
(ECO) percent and 24 percent,
Mental healthcare facilities: respectively from 2010 to
Services grew by 7.1% 1private owned; 2 government 2015.
(ECO) owned rehabilitation center; 1 (ECO)
government owned rehab
Davao region is the center for outpatients. Has adequate communications
finance center of whole (INS) facilities, reliable power and an
Mindanao. abundant water supply
(ECO) There were only 5 public (INF)
colleges and state universities
Electricity, gas, and water in the region that was funded Davao Region is likewise
supply was accelerated to by the government. served by 20 government
18.1% to 3.8%. (INS) hospitals and hosts two Level
(INF) 3 hospitals.
(INF)
52 % of households were
provided and has access The growing enrolment
to safe drinking water. resulted from increased efforts
149 | P a g e
(INF) on improving access and
quality of the Region’s higher
82 % of households had education institutions.
access to sanitary toilet (INS)
Facilities.
(INF)
Functional literacy rate

82%.
(INS)
150 | P a g e
Poverty incidence among The region’s population grew Crime clearance efficiency Terrorism
families has improved from at an average annual rate of improved to 81.69% from (SOC)
37.1% to 30.5%. 1.94%. 60.13%.
(SOC) (SOC) (SOC) 2.32%growth in
non-index crimes
The region’s population About 31 out of every 100 Absence of documentation of (SOC)
accounted for about 4.5% families in the region are poor. the culture and practices of
of the Philippine (SOC) indigenous people. 18,548 is the total number of
population. (SOC) recorded crimes in the region.
(SOC) Underemployment rate has (SOC)
increased to 23.8%. The region is home to
Employment rate of (ECO) indigenous tribes or the First Average Monthly Crime Rate:
96.10%. People whose ways of living 5.68%.
(ECO) From 2011 to 2015, majority of are unique practices of (SOC)
the employed (34.7%) are dances, accessories, and cloth
REGION XII Fish production increased laborers and unskilled workers weaving. Inflation rate of 6.2%.
(SOCCSKSARGEN)
by 2.94%. followed by farmers, forestry (SOC) (ECO)
SOC = 6 (ECO) workers and fishermen
ECO = 6 (18.5%). The region’s many land The region is also vulnerable to
INF = 1 It is the tuna capital of the (ECO) hectares of rubber, palm, climate change particularly
REGIONAL
INS =2 PROFILE ANALYSISas it hosts 80
Philippines citrus, pineapple, and lanzones extreme drought. 151
percent of the tuna The total population of Region farms. (ECO)
industry in the country. XII accounted for about 4.5 (ECO)
(ECO) percent of the Philippine The efficiency of the
population in 2015. A total of 6,610,511 tourists government in putting the
Palay production (ECO) visited the region in 2018. criminals behind bars adds
increased from pressure on jail facilities with a
previous year production The underemployment rate (ECO) congestion rate reaching 600
by 1.79%. has increased from 17.5% in Tourism is one of the region’s percent.
(ECO) 2011 to 23.8% in 2016. economic generators. (INS)
(ECO) (ECO)
Labor force participate rate
of 61.70%. Inadequate seaport and airport It has the longest zip line (2.2
(ECO) facilities that downscale their km) and boasts of beautiful
competitiveness to attract and tourism sites.
Region’s economy handle more domestic and (ECO)
contributed a 6.9% of the international passenger and
GRDP. cargo traffic.
(ECO) (INF) Ongoing rehabilitation of
Functionality literacy rate There are only 3 public college General Santos International
151 | P a g e
of 82.5% among 10 to 64 and state university in the Airport will improve
years old. region. connectivity of the region to
(INS) (INS) other economies.
(INF)
Implementation of the General

Santos Aerotropolis Master
Plan.
(INF)
Soccsksargen General
Hospital and South Cotabato
State College will have better
acces to health care services
and opportunities that will
ultimately develop their full
potential.
(INS)
152 | P a g e
Employment rate Mortality rate of 6.5 per 1000 Health facilities:698 barangay Average Monthly
of 95.8%. Population. health stations; 82 rural health Crime Rate: 5.69%
(SOC) (SOC) units; 59 hospitals (SOC)
(government/private).
The average annual Population growth rate of (SOC) Unreliable supply of water
growth rate of the region 1.28%. especially during calamities
declined from 1.49% for (SOC) It is proximity to other growth hampers economic activities
the period 2000-2010 to such as Cagayan-Iligan and adversely affects the health
1.28% in 2010-2015. The 2015 Regional Profile of corridor and the Davao Gulf and sanitation in the region.
(SOC) the Poor released by the Economic Zone is an (SOC)
Department of Social Welfare advantage.
Region’s economy and Development (DSWD) (ECO) Inflation rate of 3.0 %.
contribution of 3.2% of the through the National (ECO)
GRDP Household Targeting System The region is noted for its
(ECO) for Poverty Reduction (NHTS- wood based economy, its Poor waste management
REGION extensive water resources and resulting in increased health
PR) revealed that 72.49% of
XIII Labor force the total number of assessed its rich mineral deposits such and environmental risks.
(CARAGA)
participation rate of 66.1%. IP households are poor. asiron, gold, silver, nickel, (INF)
SOC = 5 (ECO) (SOC) chromite, manganese, and
ECO = 2 copper.
REGIONAL
INF =3 PROFILE ANALYSIS
Major agricultural products Unemployment rate of 4.2% (ECO) 153
INS = 3 of the region includes; and Underemployment of
palay, corn, coconut, gold, 29.4%. It has an increasing
banana, rubber, palm oil, (ECO) number of telecommunication
calamansi, prawns, facilities.
milkfish, crabs, seaweeds, There is no major port in the (INF)
and mango. region.
(ECO) (INF) There are 4 domestic airport in
the region.
Basic literacy rate of 96.2 Poor and underprivileged are (INF)
% among 10 years old and unable to acquire decent
Over. housing. The entire region is connected
(ECO) (INF) by roads from and to the major
commercial, trading, and
Caraga region is tagged There only 4 public colleges processing center.
as the Timber Corridor of and state universities in the (INF)
the Philippines. region.
(ECO) (INS)
The GRDP growth of the Only 1 government owned
region was highest at residential rehabilitation center
153 | P a g e
11.5% making the region for person with mental health
the fastest growing in the disorder.
Philippines. (INS)
(ECO)
Poor waste management
The industry sector resulting in increased health
continually grew at an and environmental risks.
annual average of 10.63%. (INS)
(ECO)
Employment rate in the

region has a slight
increased to 94.28%.
(ECO)

91.9% among 10 to 64
years old.
(INS)
154 | P a g e
Agriculture, forestry, and The average teacher-student Health facilities: 698 barangay Average Monthly Crime Rate:
fishing (AFF) still ratio at the elementary level health stations; 82 1.94%.
dominates the region’s remained higher than the rural health units; 59 hospitals (SOC)
economy, contributing national average at (1:49 and (government/private)
55.6%. 1:55) in SY2014-2015. (SOC) Military and muslim group war.
(ECO) (SOC) The average teacher-student (SOC)
ratio at the elementary level
Services posted the Malnutrition rate: 44% stunting; remained higher than the High threats by terrorism.
highest growth at 7.2% in 26% underweight; 10 % national average at (1:49 and (SOC)
2018, followed by industry wasting among 0-60 months 1:55) in SY2014-2015.
with 7.5%, and AFF at old. (SOC) Inflation rate of 6.1%.
7.2%. (SOC) (ECO)
(ECO) There are five domestic
66,000 persons are displaced airports in the region. The region is vulnerable risk to
Employment rate of in in Marawi due to armed (INF) hydro meteorologic and
BARMM 95.8%. conflicts. geologic hazards.
(BANGSAMORO)
(ECO) (SOC) There are 2 major (ECO)
SOC = 8 ports in the region
ECO = 8 Labor force participation 45,000 persons are displaced (INF) Inflation rate of 6.1%.
INF = 1 rate of 44.3%. in Maguindanao. (ECO)
INS = 1 (ECO) (SOC) There are airports and 155
seaports in the region. Roof/wall materials were only
Region’s economy Poverty incidence rate was (INF) 21.0 % strong.
contribution of 7.2% of the 62.9% (INF)
GRDP. (SOC) Metro Jolo is strategically
(ECO) located centrally within the
Underemployment rate three island provinces of
The region contributed increased by 5.8%. BARMM with existing
7.3% of the GRDP. (ECO) airport and seaport.
(ECO) (INF)
Illegal Logging.
One of the country’s top (ECO)
producers of fish and
marine resources. One with the highest decline
(ECO) posted for agriculture, hunting,
forestry and fishery (AHFF)
sector with 12.4 percent.
(ECO)
31% of the region’s An education grant
population has an access The Bangsamoro region has from EU aims to reach 13,000
155 | P a g e
to sanitary toilet facilities. the fastest growing population children and youth affected by
(INF) in Mindanao with an average armed conflicts in Mindanao.
annual growth of 2.9% from (INS)
30% of household has an 2010-2015.
access to safe drinking (ECO)
water.
(INF) The poverty incidence among
families in the Bangsamoro
stood at 53.6%.
(ECO)
There were only 7 public

colleges and state universities
in this region.
(INS)
PERCENTAGE
AND
156 | P a g e
RANKING
157 | P a g e
SOCIAL SECTOR RANKING
RANKING REGION NO. OF WEAKNESSES & THREATS PERCENTAGE

(SOCIAL)
1 REGION IV-A 12 10.34 %
2 REGION V 11 9.48 %
3 REGION IV-B 10 8.62 %
4 REGION VI 10 8.62 %
5 REGION VIII 8 6.90 %
6 BARMM 8 6.90 %
7 REGION III 7 6.03 %
8 REGION I 6 5.17 %
9 REGION VII 6 5.17 %
10 REGION X 6 5.17 %
REGIONAL PROFILE
11 ANALYSIS REGION XII 6 5.17 % 158
12 NCR 5 4.31 %
13 REGION XI 5 4.31 %
14 REGION XIII 5 4.31 %
15 CAR 4 3.45 %
16 REGION II 4 3.45 %
17 REGION IX 3 2.60 %
TOTAL 116 100 %
158 | P a g e
The
THREATS & WEAKNESSES : SOCIAL SECTOR chart
above
12.00%
actively
10.34%
10.00% 9.48%
8.62% 8.62%
8.00%
6.90% 6.90%
6.03%
6.00%
5.17% 5.17% 5.17% 5.17%
4.31% 4.31% 4.31%
4.00% 3.45%
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 3.45% 159
2.60%
2.00%
0.00%
I II III -A -B V VI VI
I II IX X XI XI
I II
AR C
R N N N IV IV N N VI N N N XI M
M
C N IO IO N N
EG G IO N N IO IO IO IO
N IO IO IO IO IO
N AR
E EG IO IO EG EG G G EG EG EG G
R R R E G EG R R R
E E R R R R
E EG
R R R R
illustrates that base on the researchers study on social sector, region IV-A ranked first comprising (10.34%) followed by
region V with (9.48%) and region IV-B with (8.62%) of the country’s social problem. Unemployment is still one of the
biggest problems the country faces. In this region the number of population for the past 10 years compare to present
made a huge deficiency pertaining to employment, thus this might lead to major obstacle in the near future.
ECONOMIC SECTOR RANKING

159 | P a g e
RANKING REGION
NO. OF WEAKNESSES & THREATS PERCENTAGE
(ECONOMIC)
1 REGION VI 12 8.76 %
3 REGION IV-A 11 8.03 %
4 REGION V 11 8.03 %
6 REGION I 10 7.30 %
8 REGION X 8 5.84 %
9 ARMM 8 5.84 %
10
THREATS
REGION IX
& WEAKNESSES : ECONOMIC 8
SECTOR 5.84 %
10.00%
REGIONAL PROFILE
11 ANALYSIS NCR 7 5.11 % 160
12 CAR8.76% 8.76% 6 4.38 %
9.00%
13 REGION IV-B 6 4.38 %
8.03% 8.03% 8.03%
14
8.00% REGION XII 6 4.38 %
15 7.30% REGION II 5 3.65 %
16
7.00% REGION XI 5
6.57% 3.65 %
17 REGION XIII 2 5.84% 5.84% 1.45 %5.84%
6.00%
5.11%
5.00%
4.38% TOTAL 4.38% 137 4.38% 100 %
4.00% 3.65% 3.65%
3.00%
2.00%
1.45%
1.00%
0.00%
I II III VI I II XI I II 160
M |P age
AR C
R N N -A -B V VI VI IX X XI XI M
C N IO IO
N IV IV N N N N N N N
G G IO N N IO IO IO IO
N IO IO IO IO IO
N AR
R
E
R
E EG G
IO
G
IO EG EG EG G EG EG EG EG G
R E E R R R E R R R R E
R R R R
Base from the research above, there are three regions who have attained the top spots in the economic sector in terms of
threat and weaknesses and these are region VI with (8.76%), region III with (8.76%) and region IV-A with (8.03%). These
regions experience problems such as lack of agricultural support, increase in tarrification that causes farmers to have
difficulty on producing local goods, also illegal importation of products that give rise to dilemma of local producers to
compete with imported goods.
161 | P a g e
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR RANKING

(INFRASTUCTURE)
2 REGION IV-B 6 10.71 %
4 REGION IV-A 5 8.93 %
5 REGION V 5 8.93 %
6 REGION IX 5 8.93 %
7 REGION II 4 7.14 %
8 REGION X 4 7.14 %
9 REGION VI 3 5.36 %
10 REGION XI 3 5.36 %
REGIONAL PROFILE
11 ANALYSIS REGION XIII 3 5.36 % 162
12 REGION I 2 3.56 %
14 REGION XII 1 1.79 %
15 ARMM 1 1.79 %
16 CAR 0 0%
17 NCR 0 0%
TOTAL 56 100 %
162 | P a g e
The
THREATS & WEAKNESSES : INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR chart
above
14%
actively
13%
12%
11% 11%
10%
9% 9% 9%
8%
7% 7%
6% 5% 5% 5%
4% 4%

2% 2% 2%
2%
0% 0% 0 0 0
0%
I II III VI I II XI I II
AR C
R N N -A -B V VI VI IX X XI XI M
C N IO IO
N IV IV N N N N N N N M
G G IO N N G
IO IO IO IO
N IO G
IO IO IO IO
N AR
R
E
R
E EG G
IO
G
IO
R
E EG
EG
EG EG
R
E EG
EG
EG
R E E R R R R R R R
R R
illustrates that base on the researchers study on infrastracture sector, the leading region regarding the weakness in
infrastructure sector is region III with (12.50%) followed by region IV-B and region VII with both have (10.71%). Lack of
public buildings in particular as sea terminals, food processing centers and other economical structures that might help
the economy of the said regions to surpass its previous state.
163 | P a g e
INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR RANKING

(INSTITUTIONAL)
1 REGION V 4 11.76 %
3 REGION IX 3 8.83 %
4 REGION X 3 8.83 %
5 REGION XI 3 8.83 %
7 REGION II 2 5.88 %
8 REGION VI 2 5.88 %
REGIONAL PROFILE
9 ANALYSIS REGION XII 2 5.88 % 164
10 CAR 1 2.94 %
11 NCR 1 2.94 %
12 REGION I 1 2.94 %
13 REGION IV-A 1 2.94 %
14 REGION IV-B 1 2.94 %
16 ARMM 1 2.94 %
TOTAL 34 100 %
164 | P a g e
In
this THREATS & WEAKNESSES : INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR
14.00%
12.00% 11.76% 11.76%
10.00%
8.83% 8.83% 8.83% 8.83%
8.00%
5.88% 5.88% 5.88%

6.00%
4.00%
2.94% 2.94% 2.94% 2.94% 2.94% 2.94% 2.94%
2.00%
0 0.00% 0 0
0.00%
I II III VI I II XI I II
AR C
R N N N V-
A
V-
B
N
V VI VI IX
N
X XI XI M
M
C N IO IO I I N N N N N N
G G IO N N IO IO IO IO
N IO IO IO IO IO AR
R
E
R
E EG G
IO
G
IO EG EG
EG G EG EG EG
EG G
R E E R R R E R R R R E
R R R R
chart demonstrates that in the study, regions V and VII rank first in the institutional sector’s threat and weaknesses with
(11.76%) of country’s problem, in view of the fact that there is lack of institutional facilities in this regions. Inadequacies of
service providers in terms of quantity and quality of services for health and educational services.
165 | P a g e
OVERALL RANKING
1 REGION V 31 9.04 %
2 REGION IV-A 29 8.45 %
3 REGION VI 27 7.87 %
6 REGION IV-B 23 6.71 %
8 REGION X 21 6.12 %
9 REGION I 19 5.54 %
10 REGION IX 19 5.54 %
11 BARRM 18 5.25 %
12 REGION XI 16 4.66 %
13 REGION II 15 4.37 %
14
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS REGION XII 15 4.37 % 166
15 NCR 13 3.79 %
17 CAR 11 3.22 %
TOTAL 343 100 %
166 | P a g e
THREATS & WEAKNESSES : OVERALL RANKING
12.00%
9.91%
10.00%
8.71%
8.11%
8.00%
6.91% 6.91%
6.61%
6.31%
6.00% 5.71%
5.41% 5.41%
4.80% 4.80% 4.80%
4.50%
3.90% 3.90% 3.90%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
I II III VI I II IX X XI I II
R R - A - B V VI VI XI XI M
CA NC ON ON ON IV IV ON ON ON ON ON M
GI GI GI GI ON ON GI GI GI ON ON AR
RE ON ON GI GI GI GI GI
RE RE GI GI RE RE RE RE RE RE RE
RE RE RE RE
According to the data that was gathered by the researchers, Region V is the leading region who has a lot of threats and
weaknesses with 31 counts and comprising of (9.04%) of the overall threats and weaknesses in the country, and also
here is 3 problematic sectors in REGION V: Economic, Social, and Infrastructure. Region III is the leading region who
167 | P a g e
has a lot of threats and weaknesses with 26 counts and comprising of 10.57% of the sectors in REGION III:
Economic, Social, and Infrastructure Sectors.
SECTORAL PERCENTAGE
REGIONS SOCIAL ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE INSTITUTIONAL TOTAL
NCR 5 7 0 1 13
CAR 4 6 0 1 11
REGION I 6 10 2 1 19
REGION II 4 5 4 2 15
REGION III 7 12 7 1 27
REGION IV-A 12 11 5 1 29
REGION IV-B 10 6 6 1 23
REGION V 11 11 5 4 31
REGION VI 10 12 3 2 27
REGION VII 6 9 6 4 25
REGION VIII 11 1 1 21 168
REGION IX 3 8 5 3 19
REGION X 6 8 4 3 21
REGION XI 5 5 3 3 16
REGION XII 6 6 1 2 15
REGION XIII 5 2 3 3 13
ARMM 8 8 1 1 18
TOTAL 116 137 56 34 343
PERCENTAGE 33.82 % 39.94% 16.33 % 9.91 % 100 %

(%)
168 | P a g e
PERCENTAGE PER SECTOR
INSTITUTIONAL
SECTOR; 9.91%; 10%
SOCIAL SECTOR;
INFRASTRUCTURE 33.82%; 34%
SECTOR; 16.33%; 16%
SOCIAL SECTOR ECONOMIC SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR

ECONOMIC SECTOR;
39.94%; 40%
169 | P a g e
REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS CONCLUSION 170
170 | P a g e
CONCLUSION AND JUSTIFICATION an
The researchers conducted a regional profile analysis whereas they study the strength, weakness, opportunities
and threat of each regions in the Philippines. Each regions are evaluated through their each geographical and
topographical characterisitics which includes the problems they are facing for the past decade. This problems are
categorized in social sector, economic sector, infrastructure sector and institutional sector.
In Sectoral Percentage,The study discusses what is the worst Sector base from per region tally with weakness and threats
in which the Economic Sector leads with (39.94%), followed by Social Sector (33.82%), and infrastructure (16.33%).
The researchers found out that region-V is the leading region for having the most number of weakness followed by
regions IV-A and region III. Region-V got the 9.04% of the total 100% of the whole country’s problem, while region IV-A
got 8.45% of the total 100% and region III got 7.87% of the total 100%. These Top 3 regions can be used by the
researchers in addressing their needs and maximizing the strengths and potentials of the regions.
The limited resources, infrastructure, or facilities that can be used to meet the region's necessities are the issues or
demands that researchers in the region must answer. The researchers examine Region III and Region IV’s vulnerabilities
in order to turn them into strengths and opportunities that will help the region's various sectors grow. Region III, also
known as Central Luzon, and Region IV also known Calabarzon are the regions that can be used by the researcher as a
feasible problem, topic, and study location.
171 | P a g e

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CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS

ARCH. KENN PAOLO C. VALERO, UAP

OCTOBER 20, 2021

REGIONAL PROFILES Page

NCR (National Capital Region) ………………………………………………………………………………………….5

NCR (National Capital Region) ………………………………………………………..……………………………..112

PERCENTAGE AND RANKING

SOCIAL SECTOR RANKING…………...…………………………………………………………………………….153

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 166

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 5

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 20

REGION I - ILOCOS REGION

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 26

PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 30

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 36

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 44

PROVINCE OF OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL MINDORO

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 59

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 65

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 66

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 73

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 74

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 85

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 91

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 97

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 101

PROVINCE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 106

PROVINCE OF SURIGAO DEL SUR

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 112

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

It has access do different Crime Volume

In terms of technical-vocational Mineral production in Region 1

Tourist Attractions Faster to

A total of 745.34 Million kWh of

As of 2018, the combined

As of October 2018, the total

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Region 02 is still the 2nd On the other hand, rural areas

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Has only 2 government owned

On-going construction of the

Heath Facilities: 2,392

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 130

Has a total length of

36% of water supply is

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 133

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Health Facilities: 1,234

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

REGIONAL PROFILE ANALYSIS 139

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Functional literacy rate of

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

The region has the biggest Sustainable Coral Reef

83.43% of households had

REGION STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Richest in non-metallic Underemployment rate was 1 international and 1 domestic