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09 Kopycinski Diffusion 2 2015
09 Kopycinski Diffusion 2 2015
ARCHIVES Volume 15
Issue 2/2015
of
43 – 46
FOUNDRY ENGINEERING
9/2
Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Abstract
The article presents the method to assess the diffusion coefficient D in the sub-layer of intermetallic phases formed during hot-dip
galvanizing “Armco” iron and ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7. Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the most popular forms of long-term
protection of Fe-C alloys against corrosion. The process for producing a protective layer of sufficient quality is closely related to diffusion
of atoms of zinc and iron. The simulation consist in performed a hot-dip galvanizing in laboratory condition above Fe-C alloys, in the
Department of Engineering of Cast Alloys and Composites. Galvanizing time ranged from 15 to 300 seconds. Then metallographic
specimens were prepared, intermetallic layers were measured and diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. It was found that the diffusion
coefficient obtained during hot-dip galvanizing “Armco” iron and zinc is about two orders of magnitude less than the coefficient obtained
on ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7.
b)
2. Methodology Fig. 3. The zinc coating obtained on the sample surface of ductile
iron EN-GJS-500-7
Crystallization kinetics study of the zinc coating was carried
out using appropriately selected samples which have been hot-dip
galvanized in laboratory of the Department of Engineering of Cast
Alloys and Composites. The chemical preparation (using
3. Simulation of the diffusion coefficient
preparations used in industry) of the sample surface before entry
into the liquid zinc, included treatments used in galvanizing The analysis of the paper [12], suggest that the description of the
plants, considered in the following order: purifying with segregation allows to theoretical consideration of crystallization
degreasing, rinsing in water, pickling in 15% hydrochloric acid process for various conditions of formation a solid phase, using
solution the samples made from “Armco” iron and ductile iron the equation describing back-diffusion parameter :
EN-GJS-500-7, rinsing in water, fluxing (in the technology used
in the industry - 180 s) in a solution containing: zinc chloride to D tL
300 g/l ammonium chloride to 150 g/l. Appointed iron content in (1)
2
the flux was 0.41 g/l. The last step before the inserting the sample
into a zinc bath was drying the surface with coating the flux. Zinc
N L N 0 (1 x ) k 1 (2)
N S k N 0 (1 x ) k 1 (3)
Fig. 4. Hypothetical function describing the influence of the flux Fig. 6. Effect of back-diffusion coefficient on the diffusion
in the iron galvanizing and theoretical interpretation increasing of coefficient D in sublayer of phase (for ductile iron EN-GJS-
zinc coating in terms to a hypothetical path of crystallization in 500-7)
the ternary system Fe-Zn-F (chemical preparation surfaces,
including flux)
4. Summary
It was assumed for the compilation of test results, that 90% of
the flux disappears during solidification and melting in first step During the hot dip galvanizing Fe-C alloy, depending on its
of the hot-dip galvanizing (frozen zinc stage type, the coating is formed in a different way. This also
The other 10% (or 0.1 in a mass fraction) is involved in the determines the value of the diffusion coefficient D. The presented
process of crystallization - as a pad for heterogeneous nucleation results (Fig. 15 and 16) shows that the value of the diffusion
for the various phases - Fig. 4 coefficient in the hot-dip galvanizing of Armco iron sample is
Figure 5 shows influence of the back diffusion coefficient about two orders of magnitude smaller than in the case of hot-dip
on diffusion coefficient D in sublayer of phase shaped on galvanizing of ductile iron EN-GJS-500- 7. Assumes that in the
Armco iron. Figure 6 shows the same influence, shaped on sublayer the homogeneous concentration was form as a result of
nodular cast iron EN-GJS-500-7. redistribution. Based on this, the concentration parameter
These graphs were created by the transformation of equation should be close to unity, thus in this paper the accepted value is
(1) and attach the value of zinc coating thickness depending on = 0.87. In case of “Armco” iron the longer time of galvanizing
the time of galvanizing. process the diffusion coefficient D increase whereas it should be
constant, because it does not depend on time (t) of the process or
the thickness of the sublayers (), it only depends on the
temperature. The constant values do not reveal a diffusion
coefficient D in the nodular cast iron too, but in this case the