222 Aroo

TITTLE: REPORT
DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF CHAK NO 152NB TEHSIL SILLANWALI

DISTRICT SARGODHA
SUBMITTED BY:
Muhammad Shariq Hussain
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr.Omar Riaz
ROLL NO :
BGRF16M028
DEPARTMENT:
EARTH SCIENCE
CLASS:
B.S GEOGRAPHY
SEMESTER
8th( SEMESTER)
SESSION:
2016_2020
1
List of Content
CHAPTER N0-1 INTRODUCTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. Introduction
b. History of the Word and Definition
c. Demographic Survey
d. Aim of Survey
e. Methodology
f. Primary Data Collection
g. Questionnaires
h. Tabulation and Interpretation of Data
i. Analysis
j. Nature of Problems
CHAPTER-2 GENERAL DISCRIPTION OF DISTRIC
a. Introduction
b. Study Area
c. Location of Study Area
d. Geography of Area
e. Climate
CHAPTER NO: 3 DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT
a. Introduction
b. Composition of Population
c. Age and Sex Composition
d. Sex Composition
e. Importance of Sex Ratio
f. Marital Status
g. Fertility
h. Age at Marriage
i. Child per Women
j. Family Size
k. Mortality
2
CHAPTER NO-4 EDUCATION AND LITERACY
a. Introduction
b. Education Level
c. Level of literacy
d. Religion and Sect
e. Languages
f. Caste
CHAPTER- 5 OCCUPATION STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC

CONDITION
a. Introduction
b. Family size
c. Family Income
d. Occupational Structure
e. Type of Occupation
f. Main Occupation
g. Secondary Occupation
h. Place of Occupation
i. Active and Dependent Population
j. Active Population
k. Dependent Population
Chapter: 6 HOUSING CHARECTERISTICS
a. Introduction
b. Settlement Pattern of Surveyed Area
c. Period of Construction
d. Area of Houses
e. Courtyard Size
f. Material Used in Homes
g. Number of Living and Auxiliary Rooms
h. Ownership or Nature of Tenure
i. Source of Drinking Water
j. Source of Cooking Fuel
k. Source of Lig
B: Table of content
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l. TABLE NO PAGE NO
CHAPTER #2
Table no 2.1. 14
Table no 2.2. 15
Table no 2.3. 16
CHAPTER#3
Table no 3.1. 14
Table no 3.2. 15
Table no 3.3. 16
Table no 3.4. 18
Table no 3.5. 19
Table no 3.6. 20
Table no 3.7. 21
CHAPTER #4
Table no 4.1 23
Table no 4.2. 25
Table no 4.3. 27
Table no 4.4 27
Table no 4.5. 29
Table no 4.6 30
CHAPTER#5
Table no 5.1. 31
Table no 5.2. 32
Table no 5.3. 34
Table no 5.4. 35
Table no 5.5. 37
4
Table no 5.6. 38
CHAPTER #6
Table no 6.1. 41
Table no 6.2. 42
Table no 6.3. 42
Table no 6.4. 43
Table no 6.5. 44
Table no 6.6. 45
Table no 6.7. 46
Table no 6 .8. 47
Table no 6.9. 48
Table no 6.10 49
Table no 6.11 50
C: FIGURE OF CONTENT
FIGURE NO PAGE NO
Chapter #2
Figure no 2.1. 11
Figure no 2.2. 12
Figure no 2.3. 13
CHAPTER # 3
Figure no 3.1. 14
Figure no 3.2. 15
Figure no 3.3. 17
Figure no 3.4. 18
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Figure no 3.5. (A) 19
Figure no 3.5 ( B) 20
Figure no 3.6. 21
Figure no 3.7. 22
CHAPTER #4
Figure no 4.1 24
Figure no 4.2 25
Figure no 4.3. 26
Figure no 4.4 27
Figure no 4.5. 28
Figure no 4.6 29
Figure no 4.7 30
m. CHAPTER #5
Figure no 5.1. 32
Figure no 5.2. 33
Figure no 5.3. 34
Figure no 5.4. 35
Figure no 5.5. 36
Figure no 5.6. 36
Figure no 5.7. 37
Figure no 5.8. 38
n. CHAPTER#6
Figure no 6.1. 40
Figure no 6.2. 40
Figure no 6.3. 41
Figure no 6.4. 42
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Figure no 6.5. 43
Figure no 6.6. 44
Figure no 6.7. 45
Figure no 6.8. 46
Figure no 6.9. 47
Figure no 6.10. 48
Figure no 6.11. 49
Figure no 6.12. 50
Figure no 6.13. 51
CHAPTER NO: 1
7
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In Demographic Survey we collect basic information about the people due to which a better
understanding is developed in us that in which category each individual fits in whole population. In
these surveys we find different characteristics such as (physical, social & emotional) characteristics of a
population. By studying these characteristics we understand about the socioeconomic conditions of the
population living in an area. In Demography we study the quantitative aspects of a population. In this
(Demography) we calculate the (size & growth) of a population. In quantitative aspects we basically
calculate the (Births, Deaths, Marriages & Migrations) which occurs in a population. These (Births,
Deaths & Migrations) are the basic dynamics of population due to which the population of a whole area
is affected.
1.2 HISTORY OF THE WORD & DEFINITION:
The term Demography is a combination of two Greek words “Demos” which means “The people” &
“Graphy” which means “To study ". So the Demography means study of people.
* FOUNDER OF DEMOGRAPHY: The founder of Demography is "Grant” who in 1762 wrote a book”
National & Political. Observation made upon bills of mortality".Chille Guilled in 1885 first use the term of
in his Book " Element De Statisque Human & Demographic Compare."
According to Guilled , Demography is the study of conditions of an area, movement occurring in that
area & development occurring in an area.
According to Thompas & Lewis the Demography led emphasis on the study of 3 basic things
1. Population Size
2. Population Composition
3. Population Distribution
In our country (Pakistan) Demography is considered as census. Census can be defined as the process of
collecting & publishing demographic data printing to all persons.
1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS:
The meaning of Demographic is "statistical method to study the population of an area" & the meaning
of Survey is “Research work." In these surveys following information is needed. The information includes
the total population of an area. This information includes Age, Sex & Marital status, Place of Birth &
Nationality, Mother Tongue, Literacy & Education, Economic characteristics (Dependent or
Independent), Rural, Urban Domicile, Household structure, Fertility etc. The Demographic survey of
Hadali is carried out by me . I am the student of BS Geography 8th Semester, Department of Earth
science, University of Sargodha. With respect to my Annual field work I have done this survey under the
supervision of my kind & beloved HOD Sir Omer Riaz.
1.4 AIMS OF SURVEY:
The major of survey was to give us training that how can we do field survey & how can we collect data
by going into the field & after data collection how can we analyze that data. After collection of data a
report is formed. In this report all stats of our primary data is mentioned. I have collected this primary
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data in the form of questionnaire & I have filled these questionnaires by doing field survey. Behind the
creation of everything there is some hidden purpose. Similar is the case here. I have also some aims &
objectives behind this Research work. The basic aim of mine behind this Research work is to analyze the
different characteristics of population of my own village (Hadali).
~ My basic aim is to analyze the following characteristics.
*Physical characteristics :( Age, Sex & Race).
*Social characteristics :( Family, Marital Status, House, Residence, Literacy & Education).
*Economic characteristics :( Industry, Occupation, Income).
~ The second aim of my research work is to train myself practically & independently in the field of
research work & it also proves very essential in a way that this survey boost up my confidence level &
due to this survey I knew some hidden skills present in my personality.
~ One of the main aims of my research work is to know about the culture, thoughts & skills of the
peoples living in an area , due to this I got the basic knowledge of ground realities which I have never
before uphill now.
1.5 METHODOLOGY:
Methodology is basically the method which is used in our Research work. I have collected primary data
in my research work. For this purpose I used the methodology of questionnaires. A questionnaire is
based upon questions. Each question has multiple answers. So I used this methodology in my research
work for the collection of primary data. I have done the survey of my own village (Hadali). My survey
comprises of three stages.
1. Collection of data (Through Questionnaire).
2. Arrangement of Data (Processing & Tabulation).
3. Completion of Research project.
1.6 COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA:
As we know that primary data is collected through first hand sources. I individually carried out this
survey. I walked from door to door in the streets of village Hadali for the collection of demographic data.
1.7 QUESTIONNAIRES:
The methodology of questionnaires is used for my research work. Questionnaires in my research work
contain all the basic information for carrying out the demographic survey. I walked from door to door
for the collection of primary data for my demographic survey & fill the questionnaires by meeting with
different members of the family. There was no problem of communication occurs between me and the
members of the family , the basic reason behind this is that it is my own village & we ( I and the family
members) know each other very well that's why not more time was taken by me to fill these
questionnaires and I have filled all these questionnaires very easily.
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1.8 TABULATION OF DATA:
After the collection of data, I have done the Tabulation of data. From different sources I have took the
Demographic & climatic information & I also downloaded maps for my research work. For better
analysis table and graphs are added in my research work and at the last compilation of the report was
done.
1.9 ANALYSIS:
Analysis means deeply understanding of information. After the compilation of report I deeply do analysis
of each and every topic that I have written in my report.
1.10 NATURE OF PROBLEMS:
Although in my whole survey all people to whom I meet are very cooperative. But I also face some basic
problems.
* Man hesitates in telling their exact salary.
* Female hesitates in telling their exact age.
CHAPTER NUMBER: 2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Hadali is a town found in khushab district of Punjab. It is included in one of the oldest places of khushab
district. In 2010 hadali became the largest village. After than due to increase in population it is
considered as town. This town is administratively divided into 2 union councils including Hadali.
2.2 HISTORY OF HADALI:
This town is considered to be form at the era of Humayun. It is said SherShahSuri was tracing Humayun
his army stayed in khushab. SherShahSuri drink water from this area. He liked the water of this area and
called it KHUSH AAB which means good water. From that time the area has been called as khushab while
the smaller brother (Handaal) of SherShahSuri keep tracing the army of Humayun. He found the army of
Humayun at this place which was presently known as Hadali. At this place a war is fought between both
the armies. After war bones were present everywhere. Unfortunately Humayun was escaped and
become refuge in Iran but his army was badly destroyed. Everywhere bones were present due to this
the place was known as "Haddan wali" whose meaning in Urdu is "Hadyoo wali".With the passage of
time the name transforms into Hadali. Some says the name of this place was given on the name
Handaal.
According to some scholars at this place a disastrous war occurs between Muslims & Sikhs. While some
scholars say a war between Awan & Tiwanas occurs in this place after it bones are scattered everywhere
due to which this place was called as Hadali.
10
Figure no 1
2.3 STUDY AREA:
I selected the area of Hadali for making my Demography report.
11
Figure no 2
2.4 LOCATION OF STUDY AREA:
Hadali is situated in Khushab district of Punjab. The geographical coordinates of Hadali are 32.2953 N &
72.1949 E. The distance between Hadali & khushab is 15km (9 miles).
2.5 GEOGRAPHY OF AREA:
Most of the area of Hadali is plain & agriculture is done in this area. The famous is sugarcane, rice,
wheat etc. The area of Hadali also connects with Thal. In front of Eid Gah of Hadali the Desert area of
Thal is started. Some areas like Bola, Jabbi, and Chanki which are included in union counsel of Hadali are
hilly areas. So physiography of this area is also is in touch with mountains. On East side of Hadali
jauharabad is present. On its west side Mianwali is present. On its South side Thal area is started and its
North Side Mountains are present in Chanki, Bola & Jabbi regions.
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2.6 CLIMATE:
All four seasons of winter, summer, Autumn & Spring are present here. Both the seasons of Winter &
Summer are severe here. In summer season the temperature goes up to 45c while in winter the
temperature goes up to 2c. Monsoons occur in this area. Adequate amount of rainfall occurs in this
area. Flood also comes in this area when more rainfall occurs. Once before 1960, 1971, 1992 and the
recent flood comes in 2015.
Figure no 3
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CHAPTER NUMBER: 3
3.1 INTRODUCTION:
Demography is the study of quantitative aspects of a population. The word of Demography was first
used by French writer ACHILLES GUILLAR in 1885. There are 3 main dynamics of Human population.
* Births * Deaths * Migrations
Due to these 3 dynamics the population Distribution changes on the surface of earth.
3.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS:
There are many Demographic aspects of a population which includes:
* Age
* Sex
* Marital Status
* Life expectancy
* Birth
* Fertility
* Family Size
* Death
* Migration
These demographic aspects are vary important for every country & due to these demographic aspects
following things in a country are affected.
* Economy
* Economy Planning
* Society
* Administrative
* Political system etc
3.2 POPULATION COMPOSITION:
In Population Composition we basically study about the population structure. Following things take part
in building the structure of a population.
* Age
* Gender
14
* Family Size
* Fertility
* Marital Status
* Moralities
There are different factors such as Social environment, Health status, Behavior of the population which
forms the composition of the population.
In Demographic Survey of Hadali i collected information about all these things that are mentioned
above. Now i will discuss all the detail of different aspects of population of Hadali.
Total population of Hadali is 78 which include 42 males that becomes53.84% of the total population &
includes 36 females that become 46.15% of the total population of Hadali.
Table: 3.1 Total Population of Hadali
Male % Female % Total

42 53.84 36 46.15 78
Source data collected by demographic survey (2020)
Total Population of Hadali

78
53.84
46.15
42
36
Male % Female % Total
Figure 3.1: Total population of Hadali
Source as in Table 3.1
3.3 AGE & SEX COMPOSITION:
Various age groups come in the age composition of a population. Age composition is one of the basic
characteristics of a population. Age and sex composition of Hadali is given below in table. I had divided
the population of Hadali into different age groups.
15
* As we could see that in the age groups of 1 to 20 years 21 males & 19 females are included. In term of
% there are 30% males & 52% females are found in this group. In the age group of 25 to 60 years
working population comes.19 males and 17 females comes in this group.
* Only 2.56% of the population has age more than 60 years & they mostly depend upon the adult
population. Only 2 males are there whose age is more than 60 years and no female have age more than
60 years.
Table 3.2 Age of Sex Composition in Hadali
Age group Male % Female %

0 -5 5 11.90 1 2.77
6 -10 7 16.66 5 13.88
11 -15 6 14.28 11 30.55
16 – 20 3 7.14 2 4.76
21 -25 2 4.74 1 2.77
26 -30 0 0 2 4.76
31 – 35 5 11.90 5 13.88
36 – 40 2 4.74 4 11.11
41 – 45 4 9.52 3 8.33
46 – 50 4 9.52 2 4.76
51 – 55 1 2.38 0 0
56 – 60 1 2.38 0 0
60+ 2 4.74 0 0
Total 42 100 36 100
Source: Data collected by demographic survey (2020)
Age & Sex Composition of Hadali

120
100
80
60
40
20
Male % Female %
Figure 3.2: Age & Sex composition of Hadali
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3.3.1 SEX COMPOSITION:
Gender wise distribution of people in an area is called sex composition. Both (men & women) are
important demographic characters. Men and women ratio in a population is called as sex ratio.
Sex Ratio= Men: Women
3.4. IMPORTANCE OF SEX RATIO:
It is also one of the basic demographic parameter. It indicates that how many males & females are
surviving and have the potential for future breeding to increase the population. It is the ratio of males &
females in a population. In human society the sex ratios at birth depends upon some skewed factors
such as age of mother at birth etc. In 2014 the global sex ratio at birth is estimated as 107 boys to 100
girls (1000 boys per 934 girls).
3.5 MARITAL STATUS:
It shows that how much population is single, married, separated or widowed. It also tells us about legal
sexual relation in youth generation. Marital status of Hadali population is given below in the table. From
the table we could see that 15 males are married while 16 females are married.
Table 3.3 Martial Status in Hadali
Status Male % Female %

Single 23 54.76% 20 55.55%
Married 15 35.71% 16 44.44%
Divorced 0 0% 0 0%
Widow 4 9.52% 0 0%
Separated 0 0% 0 0%
Total 42 100 36 100%

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Marital Status in Hadali
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Single Married Divorced Widow Separated Total
Figure 3.3 Marital Status in Hadali
3.6 FERTILITY:
It is also one of the most important aspects of demographic population. Fertility means “Number of live
births occurs in an area." It also plays its role in changing the population of an area.
Fertility may be defined as:
"Number of live births per 1000 women's."
“It is the natural ability/capability of women to give birth to a young one."
3.6.1 COMPARISON OF FERTILITY WITH FECUNDITY:
Fecundity is the potential to give birth to young ones.
Fecundity is defined as the potential of women to do reproduction, fertilization & become pregnant.
3.6.2 FACTORS:
There are following factors on which fertility depends:
o Nutrition
o Sexual Behavior
o Culture
o Instinct
o Economic
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3.7 AGE AT MARRIAGE:
“It is defined as when He/She began/started to live with his/her Husband/Wife.
In Pakistan women marriages occur at their early age. After marriage women suffers through pregnancy.
Those women's who got married at their earlier age have more probability to become pregnant in their
younger ages, to give births to their young one's and increase the size of their families. Mostly the
women's of Hadali got married between 18 to 22 years of age & their percentage is 62.5% of the total.
Table: 3.4 Age of Woman at Marriage
Age Number Of Female %

13 to 17 2 12.5%
18 to 22 10 62.5%
22 to 26 4 25%
Total 16 100%
Age of Women at Marriage

16
10
4
2
62.50% 100.00%
12.50% 25.00%
13 to 17 18 to 22 22 to 26 Total
Number Of Female %
Figure 3.4 Age of Woman at Marriage
3.8 FAMILY SIZE:
Family size means "The number of persons living in a house."
In Hadali I observed total 15 families.
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On average women give births to 2 to 3 children's.
The family size & the interval between the births is given below in the following tables:
Table 3.5(a) Family Size
Family Size
15
12
2
1 80% 100%
7% 13%
1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 Total
Number of Family Percentage %
Source: Data Collected by Demographic survey (2020)
Figure 3.5(a) Family Size
Source as in Table 3.5(a)
Table 3.5(b) Number of children per Women in Hadali
Birth of Age of women

child 15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 45+
1 child 4 6 3 0 0 0 0
2 child 0 4 8 2 0 0 0
3 child 0 2 4 3 0 0 0
4 child 0 0 1 2 0 1 0
5 child 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
5+ child 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total(42) 4 12 16 7 2 1 0
20
No of Child per Women
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 child 2 child 3 child 4 child 5 child 5+ child Total(42)
Source: Data Collected by Demographic survey (2020)
Figure 3.5(b) Intervals between Births
Source as in Table 3.5(b)
3.9 MORTALITY:
Mortality means Number of deaths occur in an area with the passage of time.
It may be defined as :
"Number of total deaths per 1000 persons."
In Hadali 16.6% moralities occurs in the age group of 0 to 40 years. 50% moralities occurs in the age
group of 40 to 80 years & 33% moralities occur in the age group more than 80 years.
Table 3.6 Mortalities
Age group Male % Female %

0 to 40 years 0 0% 1 16%
40 to 80 Years 2 100% 3 50%
80+ Years 0 0% 2 33%
total 2 100% 6 100%
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Mortalities
600%
300%
200% 200% 200%
100% 100% 100% 100%

50% 33%
0% 0% 0% 0% 16%
Male % Female %
0 to 40 years 40 to 80 Years 80+ Years total
Figure 3.6 MORTALITIES
3.10 TYPES OF MORTALITY:
There are different types of moralities.
* Accidents
* Disease
* Natural
* Suicide etc
In previous 10 years only 1 normal mortality occurs in Hadali and 5 moralities occurs due to different
diseases and 1 mortality occurs due to Accident as shown in table which is given below:
Table 3.7 Types of Mortalities
Types Male % Female %

Normal 0 0% 1 16.6%
Disease 1 50% 5 83.3%
Accidents/incidents 1 50% 0 0%
Total 2 100% 6 100%
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Types of Mortalities
7
0
Male % Female %
Figure 3.7 TYPES OF MORTALITIES
Source: As in Table 3.7
CHAPTER NUMBER: 4
LITERACY & EDUCATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION:
Education is that process that facilitates learning, or acquisitions of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs &
habits.
There are various methods of education which includes teaching, training, storytelling & discussion and
directed research.
There are ways of taking educations
1. under the guidance of educators.
2. By own (Learner's can also educate themselves).
There are basically 2 main types of Education
1. Formal Education
2. Informal Education
This type of Education is given in different stages such as kindergarten, primary school, secondary
schools & then colleges, universities or apprenticeship.
Education is an important medium of acquiring essential knowledge & skills.
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Education is more than just learning from books. Older generations transfer their life wisdom to their
offspring in the form of Education. Nothing is constant in this world. Everything is changing with the
passage of time. So it is very to brought up the wise people in front who can understand the changes &
problems emerging in the world with the passage of time & solve these problems in a proper &
adequate manner. In short Education is the main tool for development of a nation.
4.1.1 MEANING OF EDUCATION:
The word Education is derived from the following Latin words
Educare meaning is “To bring up."
Educere meaning is “To bring fresh."
4.1.2 DEFINITION OF EDUCATION:
"Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instructions especially at a school or

universities."
According to John Dewey:
“Education is a process of reconstruction of experience."
According to Aristotle:
“Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body."
Education is a main weapon of a nation. Success of a nation depends upon the Education of its people.
Education is the stair through which development of a country could happen. As we know that Pakistan
comes in one of the developing nations of world. Literacy rate of Pakistan is lowest as compared to
previous countries of the world.
Table 4.1 Education Level
Education categories Number of peoples

Uneducated 11
Primary 31
Alimentary 16
Secondary 12
Intermediate 7
Graduate 0
Masters 1
Total 78
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Education Level
78
31
16
11 12
7
0 1
Uneducated Primary Alimentary Secondary Intermediate Graduate Masters Total
Number of peoples
Figure 4.1 Level of Education
4.2 LEVELS OF LITERACY:
There are different levels of Literacy in every country. The different levels of Literacy are the following.
1. SIMPLE LITERATES:
In this those people comes who are not formally educated but they claimed to be literate.
2. FORMAL LITERATE:
In this category those peoples comes who have received some formal education but have not passed
any exam.
3. FUNCTIONAL LITERATES:
In this category those peoples comes who can read, write & calculate for themselves and community's
development.
The literacy rate of our country is very less as compared to other countries of the world. The literacy
rate of Pakistan decreases with the passage of time. There are several/multiple reasons behind this.
When i surveyed Hadali i found that there are different literacy rates in different age groups of both
males & females. The total population of male is 42 out of which 37 mans are literate while 5 of them
are illiterate & the total female population is 36 out of them 30 of them are literates while 6 of them are
illiterates. The literacy rate of Hadali is shown in the table below.
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Table 4.2(Level of Literacy Rate)
Literacy Rate
Age Group Male Literacy % Female Literacy %

0 to 5 5 2 5.40% 1 1 3.32%
6 to 10 7 7 18.91% 5 5 16.6%
11 to 15 6 6 16.21% 11 11 34.6%
16 to 20 3 3 8.10% 2 1 3.32%
21 to 25 2 2 5.40% 1 1 3.32%
26 to 30 0 0 0% 2 2 6.66%
31 to 35 5 5 13.51% 5 3 10%
36 to 40 2 1 2.71% 4 2 6.66%
41 to 45 4 4 10.81% 3 2 6.66%
46 to 50 4 4 10.81% 2 2 6.66%
51 to 55 1 1 2.70% 0 0 0%
56 to 60 1 1 2.70% 0 0 0%
60+ 2 1 2.70% 0 0 0%
Total 42 37 100% 36 30 100%
Male Literates
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.2 Literacy rates of Males
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Female Literates
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Figure 4.3 Literacy rates of Females
4.3 RELIGION & SECT:
"The belief in & worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or God's, a
particular system of faith or worship."
"A system of beliefs & practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate
priorities is called religion."
"Religion is the belief of race practice that one's ancestors started to follow in belief or rituals."
According to Max Miller the word Religion is derived from a Latin word that used to only mean
reverence for God or for Gods.
"A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political or philosophical belief system, usually an offshoot of a large
group. In Hadali the Religion of all peoples is Islam. Only one sect of Islam is present in Hadali i.e. Sunni.
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Table 4.3(Peoples who have red Quran)
Age group Number of persons %

0 to 5 0 0
6 to 10 6 11.76
11 to 15 15 29.41
16 to 20 3 5.88
21 to 25 3 5.88
26 to 30 2 3.92
31 to 35 6 11.76
36 to 40 4 7.84
41 to 45 6 11.76
46 to 50 3 5.88
51 to 55 1 1.96
56 to 60 1 1.96
60+ 1 1.96
Total 51 100
People Who Can Recite Quran

120
100
80
Number of persons
60
%
40
20
Figure 4.4 Peoples who have red Quran
Table 4.4: Religion & Sect
Religion Sect (Sunni) Total

Islam 78 78
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Islam
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sect (Sunni) Total
Islam
Figure 4.5: Religion & Sect
4.4 LANGUAGES:
“Way of communication."
"Group of words, combination of sounds & symbols which we used for communication is called
language."
"A language is system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that permit all people in a given culture, or other
people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact." (Finocchioro, in
Ramelan 1984)
"A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication." (Wardhaugh, in
Ramelan, 1984)
"A language is arbitrary system of articulated sounds made use of by a group of humans as a means of
carrying on the affairs of their society." (Francis, in Ramelan, 1984)
"A language is a set of rules enabling speakers to translate information from the outside world into
sound.”(Gumperz, 1972).
The word language was derived from French. It closest relative in the language is "langage" which is
related to word "langue" which is of Latin origin. Mostly local population lives in Hadali. Migrants are
also found in Hadali but in very less amount.
4.4.1 MOTHER LANGUAGE:
Punjabi is the major language of Hadali.
29
4.4.2 KNOWLEDGE OF OTHER LANGUAGES:
Besides Punjabi most of the people also know Urdu languages. These two are major languages that are
spoken in Hadali. Other languages like English are also known by people in Hadali but they are very rare
as we can see from the table.
Table 4.5: Language of Study Area
No Language Number Of People %

1 Urdu + Punjabi + 1 1.28%
English
2 Urdu + Punjabi 56 71.79%
3 Punjabi 21 1.29%
4 Total 78 26.92%
Language Speakers
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Figure 4.6: Languages in Study Area
4.5 CASTE:
According to Merriam-Webster
"Caste is one of the hereditary social classes in Hinduism that restrict the occupation of their members
and their association with the members of other castes."
"Caste is upper & lower segments of people, created by the humans in early society formation by the
then intellectual, who were majority stakeholders of the society."
Peoples from different castes are situated in Hadali. The different castes are given below in the table.
30
Table 4.6: Caste
NO Caste name No Of Person %

1 Bali 10 12.82%
2 Dhuddi 6 7.69%
3 Mughal 12 15.38%
4 Bachar 19 24.35%
5 Mochi 8 10.25%
6 Rajput 6 7.69%
7 Naich 4 5.12%
8 Tiwana 5 6.41%
9 Sumbli 3 3.24%
10 Mastiyal 5 6.41%
11 Total 78 100%
Caste
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
No Of Person %
Figure 4.7: Caste
31
CHAPTER NUMBER: 5
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE & OCCUPATION
5.1 INTRODUCTION:
Social & Economic conditions of an area can be explained by it's occupational structure which is very
important in making population composition/structure. Occupation means the source of income. The
income of a person merely depends upon his occupation.
5.2 FAMILY SIZE:
"Number of people's that are living together in the same place."
Generally the family comprises of Father, Mother & children. The calculation of family size is done by
this formula.
Family Size = Total Population of a place/Total Number of Houses
5.3 FAMILY INCOME:
Family income comprises of all the income of a family received/earn by all the members of a family.
The main reasons behind the low family income in Hadali are the following:
* Low Education
* Less Developed area
* Wadera System
* Touch with (Includes) Desert Area (Thal).
Most of the populations of Hadali have income in between 15000-30000.
Table 5.1: Classification of Families According to their Monthly income
Income Per Month No of families %

<15000 2 13.33%
15001 – 30000 8 53.33%
30001-45000 4 26.66%
45001-60000 1 6.66
Total 15 100%
32
Monthly Family Income
15
8
666.00%
2
1 100.00%
13.33% 53.33% 26.66%
<15000 15001 – 30000 30001-45000 45001-60000 Total
No of families %
Figure 5.1: Monthly income of the families
5.4 Per Head Income:
“It is the measure of income earned per person in a geographic region."
It is used to determine average per person income in an area. Its calculation is done by dividing the
country's national income by it's population.
It measures the average income earned per person in a given area(city,region,country) in a specified
year.
Table 5.2: Per Head Income
Monthly Income No per Head %

<15000 6 33.33%
15001-30000 9 50%
30001-45000 2 11.11%
45001-60000 1 5.55
Total 18 100
33
Per Head Income
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
<15000 15001-30000 30001-45000 45001-60000 Total
Figure 5.2: Per Head Income
5.5 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE:
It refers to the division of a workforce associated with different economic activities. It refers on the
occupation distribution in a society which are classified on
basis of skill level, economic functions & social status.
We classify the occupations into broadly 3 categories:
* Occupations which are related with primary activities like Hunting, Agriculture, Mining, Fishing &
Forestry.
* Those occupations which are related with secondary activities which includes manufacturing,
production of goods etc.
* Occupation which are related with Tertiary, Quaternary & Quinary activities.
5.6 TYPES OF OCCUPATION:
There are 2 types of Occupation
* Main Occupation
* Secondary Occupation
* Main Occupation & Secondary Occupation:
Main occupation definition
34
"An activity in which one engages pursuing pleasure has been his major occupation."
“The principal business of one's life."
Secondary occupation is basically extra source of income for life.
Almost all the peoples in Hadali are engaged with main occupation. Only 1 person is engaged with
secondary Occupation (doing Agriculture). 2 peoples in main occupation are engaged with Agriculture
sector, 1person works in industry, 5 peoples are engaged with business & 10 peoples are engaged in
different services sectors.
5.3: Main & Secondary occupation
occupation Main occupation Secondary occupation
NO % NO %
Agriculture 2 11.11% 1 100%
Industry 1 5.55% 0 0%
Business 5 27.77% 0 0%
Service 10 55.55% 0 0%
Total 18 100% 1 100%
Main Occupation
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Agriculture Industry Business Service Total
Figure 5.3: Main Occupation
35
Secondary Occupation
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Agriculture Industry Business Service Total
Figure 5.4: Secondary Occupation
5.7 PLACE OF OCCUPATION:
“It means where (in which place) people go to seek (job, do business, do services or work in industry).’’
It is divided into 2 classes/categories
* Local
* Outside
5.7.1 LOCAL:
If a man works on his birth place then he has a local occupation. In Hadali 10 peoples have their local
occupation.
5.7.2 OUTSIDE:
If the peoples work outside (away from their village, birthplace or natives) then they have outside
occupation.
Out of total only 8 peoples have outside occupation.
Table 5.4 PLACE OF Main & Secondary occupation
Place Of Main Occupation % Secondary %

Occupation No occupation no
Local 10 55.55% 1 100%
Outside 8 44.44 0 0%
Total 18 100% 1 100%
36
Place of Main Occupation
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Local Outside Total
Figure 5.5: Place of Main Occupation
Place of Secondary Occupation

1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Local Outside Total
Figure 5.6: Place of Main Occupation
37
5.8 ACTIVE & DEPENDENT POPULATION:
We will differentiate between both of these populations.
5.8.1 ACTIVE POPULATION:
Earner/Independent Population of a area is called as Active population.
Active population plays its role in building the economy of one's country. This set of population plays its
role in the development of a country.
In Hadali 18 peoples are Earners & all of them are male.
Table 5.5 Earning Population Hadali
Earning Population No %
Male 18 100%
Female 0 0%
Total 18 100%
Earning Popul;ation of Hadali

18 18
100% 100%
0 0%
Male Female Total
No %
Figure 5.7: Earning Population Hadali
5.8.2 DEPENDENT POPULATION:
This set of population does not work. They only apply pressure & burden on earning population. They
rely on earning population for the goods & services they consume.
In Hadali 60 peoples are included in Dependent population out of which 24 are males & 36 are females.
38
Table 5.6 Dependent Population Hadali
Dependent Population No %
Male 24 40%
Female 36 60%
Total 60 100%
Dependent Populationof Hadali

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Male Female Total
Figure 5.8: Dependent Population Hadali
39
CHAPTER NUMBER: 6
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
6.1 INTRODUCTION:
Houses are the living place for peoples. Peoples construct houses for their shelters. A house that is filled
with peoples is called as home.
As we know that Earth is a habitat of man. Earth is the home of a man. Man lives on his home (Earth) &
utilizes the utilities that are present on the Earth for him. In Old Stone Age man rely on the wild fruits,
raw meat of birds & animals. In Old Stone Age the life of a man was similar to the life of an animal. But
with the passage of advancement came he grew crops & started domestication of animals. Later on
when civilization came, the man become civilized & shelter becomes the one of the basic necessity of a
man. The condition of a house depends upon the following factors
* Family income
* Economic Background
* Climatic conditions of an area
* Availability of Resources
* Transport Facility
In this chapter we study the condition of the houses, their size, structure, Numbers of rooms(both
bedroom & auxiliary) & courtyard size. By keen observation of the houses we can easily analyze the
living standards & conditions of the peoples living in them.
6.2 SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF SURVEYED AREA:
The settlement patterns are of two types
*CONGESTED
*SCATTERED
In congested pattern houses are present closer to each other & the distance between the 2 houses is
less while in scattered pattern , the houses are present scattered form(away from each other) & the
distance between the houses is more.
Both type of settlement patterns are present in Hadali.
40
Figure 6.1: Congested housing pattern in Hadali
Figure 6.2: Scattered housing pattern in Hadali

6.3 PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
This actually means age of house. If one wants to know how old that settlement is, he just wants to
know the age of houses present in an area. Economic conditions of an area are also indicated by the age
of the house. If the economic conditions of an area is good then the age of the houses present in that
area are less & the houses are more facilitated & furnished in that area. In Hadali mostly the age of the
houses are more than 15 years.
41
Table 6.1 Ages of the Houses
Age of house Number of house %

<1 0 0
1-5 2 13.33
6-10 1 6.66
11-15 3 20
16-20 5 33.33
20+ 4 26.66
Total 15 100
Age of the Houses
100
33.33
26.66
20
13.33 15
6.66 5 4
0 0 2 1 3
Number of house %
Figure 6.3: Age of the house
6.4 AREA OF THE HOUSE:
From the area of the house one can know the financial conditions of the residents of that house. There
is different type of houses found in Hadali. The size of most of the houses is in between 6 to 10 Marla's.
Tale 6.2 Classification of house on the basis of area
Area (Marla’s) Number of houses %

<1 0 0
1-5 3 20
6-10 11 73.33
11-15 1 6.66
16-20 0 0
20+ 0 0
Total 15 100
42
Area of the Houses
100
73.33
20
15
11
6.66
0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0
Number of houses %
Figure 6.4: Classification of house on the base of area
6.5 COURTYARD SIZE:
It also tells about the economic conditions of the residents. The size courtyard varies from house to
house. In most of the houses of Hadali the size of courtyard ranges from 1 to 5 Marla's.
Table 6.3 Classification of The house on the base of courtyard
Courtyard size Number of houses %

<1 2 13.33
1-5 12 80
6-10 1 6.66
11-15 0 0
16-20 0 0
20+ 0 0
Total 15 100
43
Size of Cortyard
100
80
13.33 12 15
6.66
2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
<1 5-Jan 10-Jun 15-Nov 16-20 20+ Total
Number of houses %
Figure 6.5: Classification of house on the base of courtyard
6.6 MATERIAL USED IN HOMES:
It is the most important parameter for knowing the economic conditions of the residents. The material
used in house (roofs, walls & floors) tells us about the economic conditions of residents found there.
Table 6.4 (Material used in house)
Classification of The house on the base of Material used
Material use Floor % Walls % Roofs %

No of House No of House No of House
K 2 13.33% 0 0% 0 0%
B 1 6.65% 6 90% 6 40%
B+C 4 26.66% 9 60% 1 6.66%
C 8 59.33% 0 0% 0 0%
M 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
RCC 0 0% 0 0% 3 20%
Wood+Tin 0 0% 0 0% 5 33.3%
Total 15 100% 15 100% 15 100%
44
Material used in Houses
16
14
12
10
0
K B B+C C M RCC Wood+Tin Total
Floor % Walls % Roofs %
Figure 6.6: Material used in houses
6.7 NUMBER OF LIVING & AUXILIARY ROOMS:
These (No of living & auxiliary rooms) tells us about the economic conditions of the residents. In Hadali
46.66% those houses were present which have 2 rooms & majority of the houses have 1 auxiliary.
Table 6.5 Classification of The house according to number of living & auxiliary Rooms
No Of Rooms Living Rooms Auxiliary Rooms
No of House % No of House %
1 2 13.33% 6 100%
2 7 46.66% 0 0%
3 5 33.33% 0 0%
4 1 6.66% 0 0%
5 0 0% 0 0%
5+ 0 0% 0 0%
Total 15 100% 6 100%
45
No of Living & Auxiliary Rooms
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 5+ Total
Living Rooms No of House Living Rooms %

Auxiliary Rooms No of House Auxiliary Rooms %
Figure 6.7: Number of living & auxiliary rooms
Table 6.6 Classification of The house on base of living Room
Number of Living Room No Of House %

1 2 13.33%
2 7 46.66%
3 5 33.33%
4 1 6.66%
5 0 0%
5+ 0 0%
Total 15 100%
46
Living room per house
16
14
12
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 5+ Total
Figure 6.8: Classification of houses on the basis of living rooms
Table 6.7 Classification of The house on Base of auxiliary Rooms
Number of auxiliary Room No Of House %

1 6 100%
2 0 0%
3 0 0%
4 0 0%
5 0 0%
5+ 0 0%
Total 6 100%
47
Auxiliary room per House
7
0
1 2 3 4 5 5+ Total
Figure 6.9 : Classification of houses on the basis of auxiliary rooms
6.8 OWNERSHIP OR NATURE OF TENURE:
This is also an important parameter in judging the economic conditions of the residents.
Most of the peoples in Hadali have their own houses while few families are also present which lives on
rent.
In Hadali 93.33% population had their own houses while 6.66% peoples lives on rent.
Table 6.8 Classification of The house according to ownership or Nature of Tenure
Nature of Tenure No of House %

own 14 93.33%
Rent free 0 0%
rented 1 6.66%
Total 15 100%
48
Ownership or Nature of Tenure
15
14
93% 1 100%
0 0% 7%
own Rent free rented Total
No of House %
Figure 6.10: Classification of houses according to ownership & nature of tenure
6.9 SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER:
Water is the basic necessity for life. Without water survival is not possible. All the population of Hadali
drinks water of water supply through pipe.
Table 6.9 Classification of The house according to source of Drinking Water
Source of Drinking Water No of House %

piped 15 100%
Hand Pump 0 0%
Container 0 0%
Total 15 100%
49
Source of Drinking Waer
15 15
100% 100%
0 0% 0 0%
piped Hand Pump Container Total
No of House %
Figure 6.11: Classification of houses according to the source of drinking water
6.10 SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL:
Gas is present in Hadali & all the population of Hadali use gas for cooking food.
Table 6.10 Classification of The house according to source of cooking fuel
Contain Fuel No of House %

Wood 0 0%
Kerosene Oil 0 0%
Gas 15 100%
Total 15 100%
50
Source of Cooking fuel
15 15
100% 100%
0 0% 0 0%
Wood Kerosene Oil Gas Total
No of House %
Figure 6.12: Classification of houses according to source of cooking fuel
6.11 SOURCE OF LIGHT:
The source of light in Hadali is electricity and it's percentage is 100%.
Table 6.11 Classification of The house according to source of Light
Source of Light No of House %

Electricity 15 100%
Kerosene Oil 0 0%
Wood 0 0%
Total 15 100%
51
Source of Light
15 15
100% 100%
0 0% 0 0%
Electricity Kerosene Oil Wood Total
No of House %
Figure 6.13 : Classification of houses according to source of light
52
CHAPTER NUMBER: 7
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
7.1 SUMMARY:
After carefully analyzing the socioeconomic aspects of Hadali it is clearly understood that it is less
developed area of Pakistan. Through survey we observed that literacy rate & Education Ratio is very less
here. Literacy rate of Hadali is 86% but most of the population is not well educated. 40% of the
population got education up to primary level. This is very alarming situation because in the upcoming
this ratio will increase due to increase in population & lack of education.
The people of Hadali were not enjoying the facilities of life. The standard of was not so satisfactory.
Most of the people die due to diseases. If we considered the housing conditions we will see that most of
the houses are more than 15 years of age and were old fashioned. Mostly concrete is used in building
materials. Sewerage system is good. Gas is used as a cooking source & Electricity is used as a source of
light. Dependency ratio in Hadali is very high. Earning population is only 23%. Most of the people are
engaged only with main population.
Religion of the peoples of Hadali is Islam & all of them are Sunni.
7.2 PROBLEMS:
* 40% of the population is educated up to primary level which shows that education facilitates are
insufficient here & people don't give priority to education.
* If we look the record of previous 10 years we will see that 83.3% moralities occur due to diseases.
Hospitals are not found in Hadali. Only 1 Government hospital is present in Hadali & people have to go
for jauharabad for proper medication & treatment.
* Wadera System is present in Hadali and Panchait system is also present in Hadali up till now.
* Unemployment ratio is high.
7.3 SUGGESTIONS:
There are some suggestions given to improve the socioeconomic status of Hadali.
* Proper education system is established in Hadali. There is no college in Hadali. The students have to go
to jauharabad for getting Secondary, Intermediate & higher education. So educational institutes
especially colleges and secondary schools are built in Hadali and awareness should be created among
the peoples to get & facilitate education.
* Due to Wadera System, this area is not developed. So the Wadera System is diminished from this place
as soon as possible & it could only be possible through education.
* There is a need of hospitals & clinics. Hospitals & clinics should be built here.
* Roads are very congested and pedestrian paths are not present. So the Government should have to
take steps to improve the infrastructure of this area.
53
* Government should take steps to improve the life quality of the people of this place.
7.4 CONCLUSION:
My study area is Hadali. Most of the population of Hadali is dependent. Most of the people of Hadali are
engaged with main occupation. Most of the peoples are engaged with services sector.
Government should take steps to create job facilitates for the local people of Hadali to reduce the
unemployment ratio. Proper planning should be done by the Government to improve the literacy level
of area.
Early marriages should be controlled by making strategic plans. Awareness should be created among
the peoples through education. Climate of this area is very because it touch with Thal. Both (Summer &
Winter) are severe here. There is low education & medical facilities. Unemployment/Dependency ratio
is also very high in this area.
*REFERENCES
WIKIPEDIA
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TITTLE: REPORT

DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF CHAK NO 152NB TEHSIL SILLANWALI

CHAPTER N0-1 INTRODUCTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY

CHAPTER- 5 OCCUPATION STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC

Chapter: 6 HOUSING CHARECTERISTICS

1.2 HISTORY OF THE WORD & DEFINITION:

1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS:

1.4 AIMS OF SURVEY:

~ My basic aim is to analyze the following characteristics.

*Physical characteristics :( Age, Sex & Race).

*Economic characteristics :( Industry, Occupation, Income).

1. Collection of data (Through Questionnaire).

2. Arrangement of Data (Processing & Tabulation).

3. Completion of Research project.

1.6 COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA:

1.10 NATURE OF PROBLEMS:

* Man hesitates in telling their exact salary.

* Female hesitates in telling their exact age.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

2.2 HISTORY OF HADALI:

2.3 STUDY AREA:

I selected the area of Hadali for making my Demography report.

2.4 LOCATION OF STUDY AREA:

2.5 GEOGRAPHY OF AREA:

* Births * Deaths * Migrations

3.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS:

There are many Demographic aspects of a population which includes:

* Political system etc

3.2 POPULATION COMPOSITION:

Table: 3.1 Total Population of Hadali

Male % Female % Total

Total Population of Hadali

Male % Female % Total

Figure 3.1: Total population of Hadali

Source as in Table 3.1

3.3 AGE & SEX COMPOSITION:

Table 3.2 Age of Sex Composition in Hadali

Age group Male % Female %

Age & Sex Composition of Hadali

Figure 3.2: Age & Sex composition of Hadali

Source as in Table 3.2

Sex Ratio= Men: Women

3.4. IMPORTANCE OF SEX RATIO:

3.5 MARITAL STATUS:

Table 3.3 Martial Status in Hadali

Status Male % Female %

Total 42 100 36 100%

Figure 3.3 Marital Status in Hadali

Source as in Table 3.3

Fertility may be defined as:

"Number of live births per 1000 women's."

“It is the natural ability/capability of women to give birth to a young one."

3.6.1 COMPARISON OF FERTILITY WITH FECUNDITY:

Fecundity is the potential to give birth to young ones.

There are following factors on which fertility depends:

“It is defined as when He/She began/started to live with his/her Husband/Wife.

Table: 3.4 Age of Woman at Marriage

Age Number Of Female %

Age of Women at Marriage

Figure 3.4 Age of Woman at Marriage

Source as in Table 3.4

3.8 FAMILY SIZE:

Family size means "The number of persons living in a house."