Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Family
Prepared by: Celia V. Cabacang
MNHS SHS
Directions: Identify the relationship of the following
to your family
In the case below on the right, ego has a brother (Br), sister (Si), father
(Fa), and mother (Mo). Note also that ego is shown as being gender
nonspecific - that is, either male or female.
Unilineal Descent The red people in the
This traces descent only through a diagram below are related to
single line of ancestors, either from each other patrilineally.
father or mother’s side.
A. Patrilineal Descent
both males and females belong to
their father's kin group but not their
mother's.
However, only males pass on their
family identity to their children.
A woman's children are members of
her husband's patrilineal line.
Unilineal Descent The green people in the
diagram below are related to
B. Matrilineal Descent
each other matrilineally.
form of unilineal descent that
follows a female line;
Using this pattern, individuals are
relatives if they can trace descent
through females to the same
female ancestor.
While both male and female
children are members of their
mother's matrilineal descent group,
only daughters can pass on the
family line to their offspring.
Bilateral Descent
Some societies trace their descent through the study of both parents’
ancestors. This is done through bilateral descent or cognatic descent
principle.
It traces descent from all biological ancestors regardless of their
gender and side of the family.
All male and female children are members of both their father's and
mother's families.
Degrees of Kinship by Consanguinity and Affinity
Kinship by Marriage Functions of Marriage
Marital transactions
endogamy or exogamy marriages
monogamous or polygamous marriages
referred or arranged marriages
with post-marital residency rules
Marital transactions
In societies with descent groups, gifts are
commonly given to either the bride and her kin
or the groom or his kin.
Exogamy or out-marriage
refers to a marriage custom where an
individual is required by a society’s norms and
rules to marry outside their ethnic, social or
religious group.
Sororate and Levirate
Monogamous Marriage
Monogamy came from the Greek words monos
and gamos which literally mean “one union”.
It refers to a marriage practice where an
individual has only one male/female partner
Polygamous Marriage
The word poly means “many”. It refers to a marriage
practice of having more than one partner. It can be:
Polygyny: a man has multiple female partners
Polyandry: a woman has multiple male partners
Referred Marriage and Arranged Marriages
Referred Marriages
In our society, finding a partner can be done differently. Some find their
partners through other friends or relatives who act as matchmakers.
Arranged Marriages
In some societies, marriage partners are not referred, but they are
arranged by the parents of the groom and bride. This can be
child marriage
exchange marriage
diplomatic marriage
modern arrange marriage
Child marriage
This happens when parents arrange for the marriage of their child long
before the marriage takes place. The marriage will then be consummated
in the future.
Exchange marriage
In this form of marriage, there is a reciprocal exchange of spouses
between two tribes or groups.
Diplomatic marriage
This form of marriage occurs when an arranged marriage has been
established between two royal or political families to create or to forge
alliances.
Modern arranged marriage
In this form of marriage, the child’s parents, with the consent of the child,
will choose from several possible mates.
Postmarital Residency Rules
Household refers to people who dwell under the same roof or home.
It can be:
one-person household: an arrangement in which one person
makes provision for food and other essentials solely for
himself/herself.
multi-person household: a group of two or more persons living
together who share provisions for food and other essentials for
living
Family of Choice and Family of Origin
Minority
Lack of authority of solemnizing officer (already discussed)
Absence of marriage license (obtained from the Local Civil Registry)
Bigamous or polygamous marriages (already discussed)
Mistake in identity
Incestuous marriages
Void by reason of public policy
Minority (those contracted by any party below 18 years of age even with the
consent of parents or guardians).
According to Republic Act 2260 entitled “An Act to Amend and Revise
the Laws Relative to Philippine Civil Service, nepotism is prohibited in
the Philippines.
The same law defines the word "relative" and members of the family
referred as those related within the third degree either of consanguinity
or affinity.
The following are exempted from the operation or the rules on nepotism:
(1) person employed in a confidential capacity
(2) teachers
(3) physicians
(4) members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Nepotism is also not applicable to the case of a member of any family
who, after his or her appointment to any position in an offices or bureau,
contracts marriage with someone in the same office or bureau, in which
event the employment or retention therein of both husband and wife
may be allowed.
Political dynasties refer to families whose members are involved in
politics.
Article II, Section 26 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that “The
State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service
and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.
On the contrary, no law has been passed yet to support such provision
nor any action has been made regarding the prohibition of political
dynasties.
Activity:
Directions: Write true if the statement is correct. If the statement
is incorrect, encircle what makes it wrong and write the correct
answer on the blank.