Cyclical models it prescribe a cyclical or continuous 

process of curriculum development.

Cyclical models usually start with situational analysis that serves as the basis for all the
succeeding process. We have three example of cyclical model and these are the following;

1. Nicholls and Nicholls Model for Curriculum Development -( Audrey and Howard
Nicholls, 1978)- This model emphasis the cyclical nature of curriculum development where it is
a continuous process. The model prescribes five logical and interdependent stages that are
continuous curriculum development process and the model starts with a  situational analysis in
which curricular decisions are followed by the selection of objectives and the other succedding
phases.
2. Wheeler’s Curriculum Development Model (1967))- in his book “Curriculum Process”-
presented a cyclical processin which each  element of the curriculum is related and
interdependent. Athough this model is rational in nature each phase is  a logical development of
the preceding one which one cannot proceed to trhe next phase unless the preceding phase is
done. Wheeler also emphasized the importance of starting from the development of aims, goals,
and objectives.
3.  Contexual Filters Model of Course Planning ( Stark Lowther, Bentley , Ryan, Martens,
Genthon, Wren, and Shaw, 1990)- This model appeared in the book ” Shaping the College
Curriculum” published in 1997. The model is very teacher centered and describes the reality on
how college faculty members design their coureses.This model is based on a research on how
faculty members in several higher education institutions in the United States plan their
curriculum.

On the other hand Dynamic model which describes how curriculum workers develop curricula in
various educational contexts and models are usually used in school- based settings. The
following are the example of dynamic curriculum:

1. Walker’s Model of Curriculum Development (Decker Walker, 1971)- He contended that

curriculum developers do not follow the prescriptive approach of the rationale- linear  sequence
of curriculum elements when they develop curicula. Walker was particularly interested on how
curriculum workers actually do their task in curriculum development. This model recognizes the
role and influence of curriculum workers in any curriculum development tasks.
2. Skilbeck’s Curriculum Development Model (Malcolm Skilbeck, 1976)- This model
presents a dynamic view of curriculum development where curriculum workers may start from
any phase and each phase is interrelated and follows a systematic sequence. Skilbecks model
includes situational analysis that involves gathering data from school, society and learners where
the situational analysis provide strong bases for making curricular decisions.
3. Eisner’s Artistic Approach to Curriculum Development (Elliot, W. Eisner, 1979)- He
published the book ” The Educational Imagination”, where he presented his idea on how
curriculum development should be done and he believed that there is a need to develop a new
theory that recognizes the artistry of teaching which is useful in helping teachers develop those
arts.
4. Pawilen’s Model for Developing Curriculum( Pawilen, 2011)- The author developed this
model as one of the major outputs of his doctoral dissertation in the University of the Philippines
and this model  was developed to help curriculum workers in developing a curriculum that is
relevant and appropriate to the Philippine context.