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 TOPIC NAME
NATURAL DISASTER
SUPER CYCLONE AMPHAN
CONENTS
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Project would not have been possible
without the guidance and the help
of several individuals who in one way or
another contributed and extended
their valuable assistance in the preparation
and completion of this study. First and
foremost, I express utmost gratitude to our
computer Teacher whose inputs and
encouragement has been my inspiration as I
hurdle over the obstacles in the completion of
this project work. I thank all the
members of the family who always had
a kind concern and consideration
regarding all my project and academic
requirements. Last but not the least I thank
my classmates for all the cooperation and
resources they extended to me. I specially
thank to our Principal for his selfless interest
in my project.
 PREFACE
The main objective of any arts student is to get of as much as practical
knowledge as possible. Being able to have practical knowledge by
developing is a lifetime experience. As practical knowledge is as
important as theoretical knowledge we are thankful of having a project.

Through the development of the project we had a experience we had

strategies that can be applied in development of project. This project is
the steeping stone of our career.

We are pleased to present this project. Proper care has been taken while
organizing .
 Introduction (definition of disaster)

A disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread
human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community
or society to cope using its own resources.[1][2] Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a
disaster hits – more than 95% of all deaths caused by hazards occur in developing countries, and losses
due to natural hazards are 20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than
in industrialized countries.[3][4] No matter what society disasters occur in, they tend to induce change in
government and social life. They may even alter the course of history by broadly affecting entire
populations and exposing mismanagement or corruption regardless of how tightly information is
controlled in a society. Disasters are routinely divided into natural or human-made,[8] although complex
disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in developing countries. A specific
disaster may spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is
an earthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal flooding. Some manufactured disasters have
been ascribed to nature.[8]
Some researchers also differentiate between recurring events such as seasonal flooding, and those
considered unpredictable.
Natural disasters

A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic
eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclones, wildfires, and pandemics are
all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property
each year.[10] However, the rapid growth of the world's population and its increased concentration
often in hazardous environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of disasters. With
the tropical climate and unstable landforms, coupled with deforestation, unplanned growth
proliferation, non-engineered constructions make the disaster-prone areas more vulnerable.
Developing countries suffer more or less chronically from natural disasters due to ineffective
communication combined with insufficient budgetary allocation for disaster prevention and
management.
man-made disasters and hazards

Human-instigated disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards. Examples

include war, social unrest, stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, conflicts, oil
spills, terrorist attacks, nuclear explosions/nuclear radiation.[10]
Other types of induced disasters include the more cosmic scenarios of catastrophic climate
change, nuclear war, and bioterrorism.
One opinion argues that all disasters can be seen as human-made, due to human failure to
introduce appropriate emergency management measures.
 SUPER CYCLONE DEFINATION
 A cyclonic disturbance in which maximum wind speed is 120 knots and above (222 km/h and
above). Tropical cyclone. Generic term for a non frontal synoptic scale cyclone originating over
tropical or subtropical waters with organized convection and definite cyclonic surface wind
circulation.
 GENERAL FEATURES
Characteristic features of Super Cyclonic Storm (SuCS), AMPHAN which
crossed West Bengal-Bangladesh Coast on May 20, 2020 have been analyzed
based on INSAT-3D & passive microwave (PMW) images with special
emphasis on eye characteristics and its relationship with intensity. These
satellite images/products are analyzed to determine the centre of the cyclone,
its intensity and the characteristics of the eye of the cyclone. It shows the
characteristic variation of intensity of SuCS with geometric and thermal
characteristics of the ‘eye’. Precise changes in the eye features of the cyclone
can be used for very short-range forecasting of the intensity of the cyclone.
 AREAS
Coastal areas in West Bengal comprising East Midnapore, North 24 Parganas, South 24
Parganas, Kolkata, Hooghly and Howrah as well as Odisha were affected by the cyclone

Cyclone Amphan is likely to move across the northeast Bay of Bengal, and cross
the West Bengal and Bangladesh coasts between Digha and the Hatia island on
May 20.

CYCLONE AMPHAN:
 WHERE AND WHEN DID THIS NATURAL
DISASTER TAKE PLACE?
Amphan made landfall near Bakkhali in West Bengal at 2:30 p.m. IST on 20 May,
buffeting the region with strong winds and heavy rains.

WHAT EFFECTS DID THE DISASTER HAVE

ON THE LAND?
The long-term effects of a natural disaster are tragic for everyone involved,
especially those in the land real estate business. Wildfire does more than just
burn down houses. It destroys crops, kills livestock, and scares wildlife away
from hunting grounds. Wildfire can also cripple a property permanently, leaving
ash and debris from the fire that can taint the produce and soil and render huge
plots of land unusable.
One business that is already predicted to suffer long-term from the fires are the
wineries and vineyards; a huge part of the California land real estate market.
While 90 percent of the grapes have already been harvested, farmers
are worried about next year. The ash and debris from the wildfires could cause
next year’s grapes to have an unpleasant smoky flavor at best, and could ruin the
crops completely at worst.
If we want to take a closer look at what the future long-term effects of this natural
disaster are, we first need to look back at past disasters and their impact.
In 2003, the Cedar Fire burned over 280,000 acres of land in San Diego. It
caused over $1.3 billion in damages and resulted in 15 deaths. The already fire-
prone climate of California (the Santa Ana winds make fire travel faster, while the
dry, warm climate is prime for disaster) was made worse by an overstretched fire
department and policies that prevented them from taking steps to end the fire
sooner. This devastating loss took a long-term toll on land real estate sales
(wildfires reduces both land and residential real estate by 10 percent, while a
second fire knocks the prices down by nearly 23 percent) and the soil. Fire sucks
necessary nutrients out of the soil. Bad soil can lead to withered crops, less
wildlife returning to your property, and a plummeting value for the land.
However, some good did come out of the tragedy. Advancements in firefighting
and new technology (including this 747 “SuperTanker” equipped with powerful
firefighting equipment) were created to prevent future disasters like the Cedar
Fire. New laws and policies were created to help firefighters to stop forest fires
before they spread.
Other natural disasters can also be just as harmful to a land real estate agent’s
business and for landowners alike. Like wildfires, floods can force sellers to lower
their property’s prices due to decreased property values and drown crops, while
hurricanes can cause timberland prices to plunge.
One example is Hurricane Andrew’s effects on Florida. The hurricane was so
strong that scientists retired the name forever. In 1992, this category five
hurricane tore through Florida, causing $25.3 billion in damages and 44 deaths.
The storm ripped apart land real estate and changed the environment forever.
Hurricane Irma, the 2017 hurricane that resulted in at least 134 deaths, caused
over $66.77 billion in damages. These numbers could have been much higher if
Floridians hadn’t used what they learned from Hurricane Andrew to prepare for
the storm. Emergency crews were trained in dealing with massive storms,
residents installed hurricane shutters and other protective gear on their property,
and tolls were suspended to promote evacuations. While the damage and death
toll left in the wake of the storm was still horrific, people used what they’d learned
from the last disaster to keep their loved ones and property safe.
 WHAT EFFECTS DID THE DISASTER HAVE
ON THE PEOPLE?
The Human Impact of Natural Disasters
Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement. When
countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people have
to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can
disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.
Health Risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary
effects can be just as damaging. Temporary camps established to shelter those displaced by
these events can increase the spread of COVID-19. Severe flooding can result in stagnant
water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitos. Without
emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even
after the immediate danger has passed.
Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands of people around the world
go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it
happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise,
reducing families’ purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or worse.
The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be tremendous,
causing lifelong damage to children’s development.
Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of
destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma.
Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage
and emotional distress.

Child-Centered Spaces, or CCSs, help families cope with their new reality following a
disaster; they allow parents to seek water, food and shelter while their children are in a safe
place with supervision. Also, children can talk about the traumatic things they saw and
experienced during the disaster, allowing them to gradually recover. In the Philippines,
ChildFund and our local partner organizations were able to start setting up Child-Centered
Spaces only four days after Super Typhoon Haiyan struck, affecting nearly 1 million
people.
Rebuilding takes all kinds of forms after a disaster strikes a community, but we all can help.
Through ChildFund’s Emergency Action Fund, your donation allows us to help
communities quickly after disasters occur.
A gift to our Emergency Action Fund today helps provide families with essentials like safe
shelter, food and clean water following a catastrophic event. Your support can make an
immediate impact!

PATH OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE

CYCLONE.
Cyclone Amphan is 125 km south-southeast of Digha in West Bengal, according to the latest
update from IMD at 11.30 a.m. It is expected to cross West Bengal-Bangladesh coasts between
Digha in West Bengal and Hatiya Islands in Bangladesh, close to Sunderban
PREPARE FOR THIS NATURAL DISASTER
Amphan's forecast track placed 38.9 million people in India and Bangladesh at risk of exposure to
the storm's winds, according to the US Pacific Disaster Center.[18] The formation of the precursor low-
pressure system prompted the IMD to issue a cyclonic alert for India's coastline along the Bay of
Bengal, advising fishermen not to sail to susceptible locations in the Bay of Bengal from 15 to
18 May.[19] Fishermen from Sri Lanka were also advised by the national government to return to or
 remain in the country,[20] and additional maritime traffic from Singapore and other countries were
advised to remain clear of Amphan's vicinity.[21] Ships and aircraft of the Indian Coast Guard directed
fishing boats to harbour in coordination with the administrations and fisheries departments
of Odisha and West Bengal.[22] The Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Chennai activated an
International Safety Net for the Bay of Bengal.[21] Ports were cleared and their operations suspended
along the Bay of Bengal, while ferry service along major routes in Bangladesh was suspended by
the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation.[23][24] Bangladeshi ports suspended the loading
and unloading of goods onboard ships.[25] Smaller vessels in the harbour at Chittagong were moved
to safety upstream the Karnaphuli River.[26] Ships were ordered out of some ports, such as the port
of Paradip, to avoid damage.[27] Public works departments were called upon by the government of
Odisha to ensure infrastructure resiliency;[28] crews and backup systems for electricity and
telecommunications were deployed to meet these needs, [29] establishing helplines for emergency
response.[30] Rail and vehicular traffic in Odisha and West Bengal was halted or rerouted.
[31]
 The Shramik train service for migrant workers was halted in both states for up to four days, with
service expected to be curtailed in the storm's aftermath. [32][33][34][35] Other migrants travelling to Odisha
were asked to wait out the storm.[36] AC Express special trains operating routes between New
Delhi and Bhubaneswar were diverted to avoid the cyclone's effects.[37] Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
International Airport in Kolkata was closed until 21 May, with planes evacuating or chocked and
the airport terminal roof fortified to minimize damage.[38][39]

DOES THIS NATURAL DISASTER MORE

COMMON ON THE AFFECTED AREA?
Often, natural hazards can be predicted. They tend to occur repeatedly in the
same geographical locations because they are related to weather patterns or physical
characteristics of an area. Natural hazards such as flood, fire, earthquake, tornado, and
windstorms affect thousands of people every year.
ARE THERE WARNING SIGNS THAT THE
NATURAL DISASTER MAY OCCUR?
5 Natural Disaster Warnings from the Weather
Every year since 1989, the United Nations General Assembly has organized an International Day
of Disaster Reduction to promote a global culture of natural disaster prevention, mitigation, and
preparedness. Science and technology has come incredibly far with their ability to predict
weather and disaster phenomenon in the last few years alone, helping warn us when and where a
large, possibly destructive storm may occur.

However, even meteorology has its limits. That’s why this year’s focus for the IDDR is on the
natural indicators all around us of impending disasters. Some events can never be accurately
forecast, but here are some signs from the environment everyone should know and recognize in
case of an emergency.
Fire
While there are no real warning signs of a wildfire about to start, there are certain contributing
factors that make it much more likely for a spark to catch. Intense heat, hot, dry wind, and a lack
of recent rainfall or moisture in the area can greatly increase the chance of a wildfire occurring.
During a fire, of course, you will be able to see and often smell the smoke. If you’re standing at a
distance, look out for any wildlife that might be running in your direction and pay attention to
whether the wind is blowing towards you. This could mean you’re standing in the fire’s path and
need to evacuate immediately.

Floods
Floods are extremely common following a large storm or as ice begins to melt in spring. Water
levels will begin to rise dramatically in streams, rivers, and lakes and will usually turn brown and
muddy from sudden erosion. In the case of flash floods, you will be able to hear the roar of
rushing water before you see the flow, so make your way to higher ground as soon as possible to
avoid being swept away.

Tornado

Tornadoes are one of the easiest natural disasters to spot in advance – which is why you’ll
usually see a whole train of storm chasers racing after them almost as soon as they form. Dark
clouds will gather in the sky, creating an eerie “wall cloud” that can form up to half an hour
before the tornado’s funnel. Strong winds and intense weather such as heavy rain and hail also
occur in the buildup to a twister. If you see these natural signs, make your way to a cellar, if you
have one, or away from windows and open spaces.

Earthquakes
Earthquakes are a bit harder to predict, although there are some telling features. If you’re near a
pond or a well, you might notice a significant increase or decrease in the water’s level, which
may also turn muddy or start to bubble. Rivers and streams may react similarly or the water
could suddenly change direction. These symptoms could happen as early as half an hour before
the shaking begins, but they are also fairly rare to notice. Similarly, animals have also been
known to sense when an earthquake is about to take place, but only by a few seconds so it
doesn’t do you much good in the way of a warning system. With an earthquake, the closest you
can get to a reliable natural warning is other, smaller earthquakes known as pre-shocks.

Tsunami

Like their pre-shocks, earthquakes can actually be a forewarning of a larger disaster to come. In
many instances, tsunamis are actually caused by
earthquakes that take place along shorelines or out at sea. Usually the earthquake will have to
last longer than 20 seconds to cause a tsunami, but at least you won’t miss the warning! Another
tell of a possible tsunami getting ready to strike is receding water along the coast. As the wave
builds up at sea, the waterline will begin to retreat several minutes in advance to maintain
equilibrium. While this doesn’t happen in every circumstance, it’s a fairly reliable sign that you
should get to higher ground immediately.
Despite nature usually trying to kill us as often and in as many creative ways as possible,
knowing how to read its poker face can help you escape many stick situations. For more
information on local, traditional, and cultural ways to predict natural disasters, visit the
UN’s International Day of Disaster Reduction website. And when disaster does strike, give us a
call and let us help you get a Fresh Start.

WHAT STEPS ARE TAKEN TO PREPARE FOR

THIS NATURAL DISASTER ?
 Identify Hazards in the Home
 Learn First Aid and CPR Skills
 Develop an Emergency Evacuation Plan
 Establish a Disaster Meeting Place and Family Contact
 Prepare Adequate Water and Food Supplies
 Store Emergency Supplies
 Care for Pets
 Prepare for Disaster in a Vehicle
 Prepare for Disaster at Work or School
 Practice, Modify, and Maintain the Plan
 POST DISASTER PHASE
Post-Disaster Phase
The post-disaster approach to understanding the cyclical interlinkages between
environmental and disaster management focuses on five aspects:

1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) of damage to the environment,

including for example the impacts of the disaster on air, water, land, and
other natural resources in the local environment
2. Criticality of appropriate environment management and quick restoration
in the wake of disasters in order to assist recovery and reconstruction of
local affected communities.
3. Proper waste management of the disaster debris, in ters of clearing,
sorting, recycling/reuse, disposal of the debris in an environmentally
friendly manner.
4. Assessing water contamination and pollution to water sources (wells,
rivers, ponds etc.)
5. Handling hazardous and toxic materials, particularly large industrial
sources to avoid pollution of air, water and land from raw materials such
as oils, paints, petrol/gas, chemicals etc.

Post-Disaster Tools

There are two key tools that help in enhancing response and recovery to
disasters:

o Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA)

o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA):

REA is a methodology for rapidly assessing and analyzing the
environmental context of a particular crisis or disaster. It enables
strategic and efficient response planning to mitigate identified priority
environmental risks that may be exacerbate a disaster's impacts. REA
also mainstream more recent concepts including climate risk, resilience
and protection.
2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA):
EIA is a formal process used to predict the environmental
consequences of a project or an event. EIA ensures that the potential
problems are foreseen and addressed at an early stage. EIA is a
structured procedure designed to help ensure that projects and
programmes are environmentally sound and sustainable. Adopted to
disaster situations, EIA facilitates identification, analysis and
evaluation of potential environmental impacts and the identification
and elaboration of measures that will avoid, remedy or mitigate any
 adverse impacts from these disasters, whether man-made or natural. It
allows informed decision making on the action to be taken, and
establishes a monitoring and environmental management regime for
implementing mitigation measures, monitoring impacts for compliance
and ascertaining if impacts are as predicted.

3.
 RELIEF OPERATIONS
Disaster relief operations typically involves a series of steps including
establishment of communication infrastructures, performing search
and rescue operations, and providing any needed first aid services.
Disaster networks can be classified as disaster mitigation networks
and disaster relief networks. A disaster recovery network is a network
that is used in the pre-disaster stage to plan effective post-disaster
relief operations.
A disaster recovery network, which is a part of disaster relief
operation, is considered to be a life saving network that is used to
provide emergency support to the disaster victims and the crew
members who are helping the victims, and to provide communication
infrastructure in the affected area. 
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT STEPS
The 5 Stages of the Disaster-Management Cycle
When properly implemented, the disaster-management cycle can lessen the impact of a
catastrophic event. It can also incorporate the policies and emergency responses
needed for a full, expedited recovery. The cycle involves the following five stages:

1. Prevention

The best way to address a disaster is by being proactive. This means identifying
potential hazards and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact. Although this stage
in the cycle involves putting permanent measures into place that can help minimize
disaster risk, it’s important to acknowledge that disasters can’t always be prevented.

Prevention involves scenarios such as the following:

 Implementing an evacuation plan in a school, for example, showing teachers how to lead
students to safety in the event of a tornado or fire
 Planning and designing a city in a way that minimizes the risk of flooding, for example,
with the use of locks, dams or channels to divert water away from populous areas

2. Mitigation

Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster. Both
structural and nonstructural measures may be taken.

 A structural measure means changing the physical characteristics of a building or an

environment to curb the effects of a disaster. For example, clearing trees away from a
house can ensure that dangerous storms don’t knock down the trees and send them
crashing into homes and public buildings.
 Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending building codes to optimize safety
for all future building construction.

3. Preparedness

Preparedness is an ongoing process in which individuals, communities, businesses and

organizations can plan and train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster.
Preparedness is defined by ongoing training, evaluating and corrective action, ensuring
the highest level of readiness.

Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals are all good examples of the
preparedness stage.

4. Response
Response is what happens after the disaster occurs. It involves both short- and long-
term responses.

Ideally, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources (including
personnel, supplies and equipment) to help restore personal and environmental safety,
as well as to minimize the risk of any additional property damage.

During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are removed from the area; for
example, in the aftermath of a wildfire, any lingering fires will be put out, and areas that
pose a high flammability risk will be stabilized.

5. Recovery

The fifth stage in the disaster-management cycle is recovery. This can take a long time,
sometimes years or decades. For example, some areas in New Orleans have yet to
fully recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It involves stabilizing the area and
restoring all essential community functions. Recovery requires prioritization: first,
essential services like food, clean water, utilities, transportation and healthcare will be
restored, with less-essential services being prioritized later.

Ultimately, this stage is about helping individuals, communities, businesses and

organizations return to normal or a new normal depending on the impact of the disaster.
 CONCLUSION
(STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL THIS
TYPE DISASTER IN FUTURE)
Disasters are something, that cause damage of property and loss of life. The
prevention and cure of these disasters is known as disaster management.
India, is one of the countries, effected with the most disaster. The north
western side of India - Earthquakes, Southern India - Floods, Eastern India -
Droughts, and any state or any part can be affected with Artificial tragedies,
such as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

The government has also taken various steps against disasters. It has
introduced the Disaster management act ( DM act ) in 2005. Certain parts of
the states that are prone to certain disasters are being trained on how to
rescue our self and our family. 

Most of the natural disaster's effects are being made worse due to human
induced activities such as industrialization and deforestation. The spurt in the
increasing demand for factories had made their effects worse to millions of
families. These activities must be control to reduce the natural effects.

Mitigation — actions taken to prevent or reduce the risk to life, property, social and
economic activities, and natural resources from natural hazards — is central to the
Decade initiative. Awareness, education, preparedness, and prediction and warning
systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of a natural disaster on communities.
Mitigation measures such as adoption of zoning, land-use practices, and building
codes are needed, however, to prevent or reduce actual damage from hazards.
Avoiding development in landslide- and flood-prone areas through planning and
zoning ordinances, for example, may save money in construction and reduce the loss
of life and damage to property and natural resources. Postdisaster studies continue
to confirm the fundamental fact that community investment in mitigation pays
direct dividends when a disaster occurs.

BIBILOGRAPHY
THRESA MARIA ELENA SHENOY AND N
ANATHAPADMANABHAN:FRANK MODERN
CERTIFICATE GEOGRAPHY:CLASS 9 FRANK
BROS.& CO.