Elvan Wahyu Ramadya Almussawa

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Video : Critical thinking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bE9ydBfwOQg )

There is difference between self reliance and dependence in the terms of critical learning
skills. Both of them are important to solve problem and overcome situations. It is depicted by the
way the critical thinking solve the problems in a long lasting time and more various ways than
memorize the solution to a problem. Critical thinking are structured by analyzing,
conceptualizing, defining, examining, inferring, listening, questioning, reasoning, synthesizing
that evaluated by information and our thoughts in a disciplined way. Information stands as the
filter for our thinking. We must think with the fundamental reason and data. Critical thinking
isn’t just about claiming which are wrongs and flaws, but it is about to pinpoint and minimize
biasing influence from culture and upbringing, to seek out and be guided by knowledge and
evidence that fits with reality. Critical thinking is about consideration on what we say, what we
elaborate, what we inform to the others. The legitimate information is the main product the
critical thinker can give. They only talk with data, so the conversations or the teachings of the
person can be proved or tested. Critical thinking embraces scepticism. It’s not about
discriminate or reject others’ opinion, but it is about suspending the judgment and take more
consideration to avoid some biases. Critical thinking justified some matters with examining
factual reasoning, assumptions, and biases. If we are not pay attention to these matters, it will
sabotage one’s capacity for critical thought. One of the barriers for the critical thinking is false
dichotomies that will lead to the false conclusions. This matter consider a problem or everything
as a black and white judgment. For example, if the answer A is wrong, then B is absolutely right,
without considering the possibility of C, D, or other views and facts. This kind of thinking will
result in intolerance person. But, if we can overcome this problem we will be a pluralist. The
fundamental of being black and white thinking is not based on fact but based on feeling. This is
not true. The critical thinking prevents us from rash conclusions, mystification, reluctance to
question ( received wisdom, authority, tradition ). But the critical thinking will lead us to
intellectual discipline, clear expression of ideas, acceptance of personal responsibility for our
own thinking, and embrace the diversity.
 Cognitive distortions : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otFrNM7PnME

A Cognitive distortion is the type of irrational thought where everything viewed as a

negativity. This is normal, but if the percentage is too big, it can endanger our software of
thinking. If we can’t build barriers against it, it will lead us to the depression and anxiety. One of
the causes of cognitive distortion is emotional reasoning. They only consider something
according to their feeling and comfort. It moves aside the facts. The next cause is disqualifying
positivity. It only focuses on the negative aspects among the positive aspects. The next is mind
reading. This is about making assumptions without adequate evidence. This can lead us to the
prejudice that can harm others. The next is all or nothing thinking. This is the black and white
thinking. It is only consider thing as two answers without examine others’ possibilities. The final
is catastrophizing. This is when you only focusing on the worst possibilities without considering
contexts and situations.