Pujalte, Hennessy Richard N.

PHILOSOPHY

6. Describe one person you know whom embodies the philosophical attitudes.
My adopted parent “mama gem” is a God-fearing woman. She taught me to
believe in God and practice the teaching of the church. To attend mass on Sunday
and always pray for God’s providence.
She is also a master of fiction stories, since childhood she read short stories at
bed time which I really enjoy without knowing that she injected positive values
and virtues which I will need in dealing with other people.
A serviam woman who are always ready to serve other especially those who
are in need. You will feel the sincerity of her heart and touch of her hand.
She is also a dreamer who always dream of a good future. We dream together
of being a Thomasian to get a good education at a prestigious University.
A righteous woman always taught me that as a man, we always have a choice
but try to do what is right.
Her philosophical attitude molded me to become what I am today and I am
very lucky to have her in my life.

7. What are the different elements of critical thinking? Enumerate and explain in
your own words.
The first element of critical thinking is the identification of premises and
conclusions. “This element helps the critical thinker in breaking arguments into
basic statements and creates logical implications.” Next is clarification of
arguments. Critical thinker detect ambiguity and vagueness or lack of certainty in
arguments and propositions in this element to make the statements less confusing
and acceptable. Another element of critical thinking is establishment of facts. A
critical thinker gathers different information which includes facts, observation and
experience. They can determine if the premises are reasonable and if the
implications are logical and look for possible contradictory data that would lead us
to the next element which is evaluation of logic. After gathering facts they
determine if the premises support the conclusion. In deductive arguments, the
conclusions must be true if the premises are true. In inductive arguments, the
conclusions are probable if the premises are true. The last element is final
evaluation. It is important to determine the weight of evidence and arguments.
Having information, logic, evidence and supporting data increase the weight of an
argument. Disagreements between two ideas show contradictions and lack of
evidence decrease the weight of an argument. They do not accept an argument if it
is unclear, has false premises or poor logic and leave out significant information.

8. What are the steps in problem solving?

Problems are a very natural, everyday occurrence in our daily life, and in order
for us to suffer less from the tensions and frustrations they cause, we must learn
how to deal with them in an easy way. That’s why in every problem there has

H, N., Ph.D. "Elements of Critical Thinking." Elements of Critical Thinking. Accessed

September 17, 2016.
https://www.csun.edu/science/ref/reasoning/critical_thinking/elements.html.
B, G. D., G. L. D, and J. W. M. "Problem Solving." Steps & Process. Accessed September 17,
2016. http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/problem-solving/overview/overview.html.
C, M. E. "The Three Kinds of Doubt." The 96th Thesis. Accessed September 17, 2016.
http://matthewcochran.net/blog/?p=563.
 always a solution, and in order to achieve or finish our goal, there are some steps
that we need to follow to solve our problems.
First you need to define the problem. In this stage it involves diagnosing the
situation so that the focus is not just on the causes but in the problem itself. We
can also use some techniques like using flowcharts to identify the steps of the
process, and the cause and effect diagram to define and analyze the root causes.
It is important that you look at the issue from a variety of perspective because
there's a possibility that we can find a solution in it.
Second, we need to generate alternative solutions. Considering multiple
alternatives can possibly enhance the result of the final solution.
In order for us to have a better solution we must really need to think of a
solution by using brainstorming with others and team problem solving which are
both useful in this stage.
The next stage is evaluating and selecting an alternative. In selecting an
alternative you have to compare and evaluate it properly on which one of those
solutions have the best results to solve the problem. Rating each alternative on
scale of 1-3 for its suitability, whether it is ethical and practical, feasibility on how
many resources will be needed to solve the problem and flexibility that refers to
the ability to respond is also useful. Total the score for each alternative and see
what's the result and prioritize now the alternative that got the highest score.
The last stage is the implementation of the solution. In implementing the
solution leaders should monitor and ask for the help of others. Involving others in
the implementation of the solution as a way of minimizing resistant to subsequent
changes is an effective way of approaching.

9. How will you differentiate the different types of doubt?

“The first type of doubt is emotional doubt. It happens when a person feels
that he or she is not sure or uncertain about his or her faith. These feelings can
happen at that moment or may lasts for months and years. Some causes are
intellectual and sometimes personal.”
“The second type of doubt is reasonable doubt. This kind of doubt occurs
when a person encounters a new information about his beliefs and in that case
he has the reason to start questioning his beliefs.”
“The third kind of doubt is volitional doubt, it is characterized by choosing to
doubt even when one does not have a reasonable cause. This is the kind of doubt
on which most forms of modern and postmodern skepticism depend. Rather
than new information, volitional doubt is built on an assortments of maybe’s,
what-if’s, and unanswerable questions designed to confuse and undermine
beliefs.”

H, N., Ph.D. "Elements of Critical Thinking." Elements of Critical Thinking. Accessed

September 17, 2016.
https://www.csun.edu/science/ref/reasoning/critical_thinking/elements.html.
B, G. D., G. L. D, and J. W. M. "Problem Solving." Steps & Process. Accessed September 17,
2016. http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/problem-solving/overview/overview.html.
C, M. E. "The Three Kinds of Doubt." The 96th Thesis. Accessed September 17, 2016.
http://matthewcochran.net/blog/?p=563.