6

3T TI
Arthasray
(Substrates of mcanings)

Arthasraya means those usages in treatises that give accurate

meanings, thereby forming the substrate (base)
of
the meaning of
understanding the text. Hence understanding
treatises is based upon Arthsray the substrates of meanings.
-

substrates of meanings are postulated by Arunadatta

Twenty
Sree Sankara Sarma in
in his commentary of AstDgahrdaya.
Sri Sankara Sarma, Kottayam,
his text, Tantrayukti (Tantrayukti
-

of mearning by adding
Kerala 1949) has listed 21 substrates
list of
omission of last letter) to the
one more (upadalbpa =

Sankara Sarma
of the definitions by Sree
Arunadatta. Some of substrates
different from that of
Arupadatta. The
also are
to Aupadatta.
described here-under are according
see
meanings (considerations
mentions that the seven Kalpan
He these twenty substrates
upon
Chapter 7, page 67) depend
on A HU40/78)
Arunadatta

word
Omission of the first
word
middle
1. Adi-lõpa O m i s s i o n of
the

2.
2 Madhya-löpa

48
 Chapter-6 Arthsray
Anta-löpa Omission of the end word
4. bhaya-pada-lõpa Omission of both words
55 Adi-madhya-anta-lõpa Omission of words in the
beginning, middle and end
6 Varnopajanana Supply of word or letter or
of ellipsis

7. Rsi-klisfa Author's error

8 Tantra-sila Style of author
9. Tantra-sagjña Term of text
10. Präkrta Contextual
11. Samana-lantra Reference from
pralyaya similar treatises

12. Para-tantra-pralyaya Reference from another

treatise
13. Hetu-htuka-dharma Effect inferred from cause
14. Karya-k raFa-dharma Cause-effect substitution

15. Adyanata-viparyaya Inversion of sequence

16. Sabdãnytv Synonym
17. Pratyaya-dharma Attribution of cause

18. Upanaya Correlation

19. Sambhava Extensive inclusion
20. Vibhava Richness
The additional one mentioned is the missing of the last leter.
nis can be well included in the omission of the end word (antaa
pay. Omission or ellipsis usually means the omission ot an

affix, syllable or word.

49
 Mawlika ddhinta Dr T. eekumar

Now we shall have brief accounts of each of the substrate

ates of
meaning
1. Ad-öpa (Omission of the first word)

sTfea (T4). -

instances, the first word to be annexed may not be

In certain
annexed Even without that word, the meaning would be
transparent. Such omission of the first word is called Adi-löpa.

T u j - à7eTru4, 3civuj àreirufef

Arunadatta on A HU 40/78)

Omitting the term m msa (meat) in mamsa-rasa (meat soup)

and mentioning it as mere rasa (soup) is an example of omission
of the first term or word. Similarly, in the description of causative
tactors of vata kõpa, V gbhata has mentioned dh rana and
udirana where, even though the word vga is not mentioned
stands for vgadhrana and vegõdirana.
2. Madhyva-lõpa (Omission of the middle word)
q e t (T). -
In madhya löpa, it the middle word which is omitted.
is
also, the dea
iei
is very clear without that word.
91 (6 ) "UatAsIT-AyHEzIIj aTEITFRI|H:" 3UA

S0
 Arthsrayã
Chapter-6

Arunadatta on A HU 40/78)

The name of Chapter five of the first part of Astngahrdaya

should bedravadravya-svarkpa-vijnniyam". But the middle
word svarkpa is found missing.

3. Anta-löpa (Omission of the end word)

37- TH,
Anla-löpa is the omission of the last word. See the example
below
E.TT 3.3.30) "Bs FA:| tet: feqve: fPoN zar

Arunadatta on A.H.U. 40/78)

In the
description of blood vessels carrying blood vitiated by
tne three humors, the term kapha is used to mean kaphsrarm.
his means that, the end word in the term is found missing. In
nat context, in order to indicate blood vitiated with vta, the
erm vatsra is used. Blood vitiated with pitta is termed pYta
$onita also. Naturally the term for blood polluted by kapha
should be kaphsra or kapha-[õFita, though not mentioned
SO
4. Ubhaya-pada-löpa (Omission of both words)

3yqueut (FT),
51
 Maulika Siddh nta
Dr. T. Sreekumar

In ubhaya-pada-lõpa (omission of both words), two w.

rds are
omitted
qT (ET.3 49) "1Gd YFWRA TYTIZ7rd

Arunadatta on A
HU 40/78)
in the description of phases of digestion taking place in the
gastrointestinal tract
(A.H.Srira.3/57), "adau" is
at the
beginning of the first mentioned
phase. But "madhy" and "ante"
are not mentioned in the
phases of
description of the second and third
digestion. Thus these two terms
missing. The reader will (madhy, ant) are
in another automatically supply them while
reading
-

words, these words are

occult in the lines.
5.
Adi-madhya-anta-lõpa (Omission of words in the
ning, middle and
end) begin-
3f ez-TaIYI (AT4),
As the name
the words indicates, in this omission
at the
However,
convey the exact
beginning,
there would
usually be
(Adi-madhya-anta-löpa)
middle and end
another
are
omitted.
the
example givenmeaning, as word or
phrase
are
connected in
below. Here,
about the omissionsuch a
way
the three kl
that
-abhyavahrtam
phases of
is stated
to
in
the reader is not digestion
bothered
52
 Arth+sray
Chapler-6

yeT ( 3 99) *3HA 51oSITET" YTE, "

Arunadatta on A HU 40/78)

the context of description of digestion (A.H.Särira 3/55):

in
term madhy
the term adau (in the beginning), nor the
neither
or when digestion is over,
the term anlë (at the
(in the middle)
words are just 'missing. Thus we
find
used. These
end) are the
are missing in the beginning, middle and end in
that terms
above example.

of word or letter or Supply of ellip-

6. Varnopajanana (Supply
sis)

wherein
another arth[ray (substrate of meaning),
This is yet exact meaning
to generate a word to get the
the reader has (upa-janana) by
has to be sub-generated
a phoneme (varFa) the text,
are missing in
letters
Wherever words or
the reader. to get the
to supply them by generating it
the reader will have commentary
passage. It is
supplied by
accurate meaning of the existence as a
for
we find that the verb
also. In many c a s e s
sentence, is omitted by the authors.
tA 7 a
"77 AAEs/
(E .3.3)
-

21)
aTdrthc1 TT"7YF7EqTT TEYYDY:P

53
Maulika Slddhinta Dr. T.Sreekumar

HTYqOIT I qTRTITNISUTHaUTI galAruna on

AHU4n
are 1. Of the presence
Ihe examples provided by Arunadatta
bhuta) and fire (agni-
of channels and 2. Properties of air (vyu
in the body. The missing
word here is bha-vanti
bhuta)
consisting of three letters.
called supply
of treatise (tantra-yukti)
Comment: This is exactly what the logic of
substrates meanings
is meant for. In fact the
of ellipsis (vkya[sa) with omissions
here as one to six are concerned
enumerated
Arthasray )
compensation is to be done by
of treatises. In all these
cases
in statements
The difference isonlyregarding the site of the
Supplying the missing part. include all these six under the
account we may
Hence on a gross
also contextually read the
omission.

of The reader may

ellipsis.
logic called supply 'supply of ellipsis
of treatise (tantrayukti).
description of
the logic
(vãkyassa). the knowledge of
when one letter generates
to Sankara Sarma, For example
According with it, it is VarFõpajanana.
which is related
another subject
(ether = akaa), sound ($abda),
the ideas of sky
will generate substrate is not just
the letter kha etc. In this c a s e the
ear or auditory
faculty (srõtra) of idea. Synonym
is already
or supply
but it will be
synonym
supply of ellipsis
substrate.
another
included a s

(Author's error)
7. Rsi-klista

make spelng
copier may
manuscript by
oy
scribe or
author or
his manuscript

Ihe original in the

e o S(Rs
errors

or
other types of
called
a uthor's
author s errors ("
mistakes
aare
re

absentmindedness.
Such errors

54
 Ch.pter-6 Arthsray
kis.d. - sage (author): ki_ta = difficulty (error). Such errors
stays in tie world, passed down through generations and are
to be corrected by the reader while reading the text.

zeT H T7 IITGI Annadatta on AHU 40/78)

The term in Sanskrit for hair is "rõma. But it is usually written
and spoken as "lõma. This is an example of author's error.

Comment: The sages are believed to be very authentic and we do not

axpect errors from them. Yet the sages too are humans and it is humane to
eT.Nevertheless Arunadatta has optionally attributed the error to the 'son
ofsage Son of sage means student as the sages considered all their
students as their own children and even address so (Valsa ! =
my son !).
8. Tantra-[ila (Style of author, practice of the
author)

Each book, by virtue of its author, has a style of writing. This

style is called style of the author.

E3 33) "ZTUdEfa4T7ef
HEj afUT: M: P
-

T q eidI Avnadatta AHU 40/78) on

ccording to Arunadatta, the authors

give only a elaborate certain facts
due to the concise account of certain other things. Ihis is
styl of the author or the choice of the
author. For
5