Bits Training

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Bits

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Why is bit design important?

1. Performance
Hammer penetration rate
Depth before regrind
2. Bit life
3. Hole Size, Hole Deviation
4. Bit Cost
5. Total Drilling Cost
6. Problem avoidance

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 Bit Design

1. Bit diameter

7. Button choice
2. Shank type

6. Wing design
3. Material

5. Flushing holes
4. Face shape

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 1. Bit Diameter

Depends on Desired Hole Diameter for Blasting,

Casing, Grouting, etc.
Hammer dependant – Consider Torque, Shanking
potential, Flushing, Hammer wear
Plan for loss of Hole Diameter as carbide wears

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 2. Shank type

Bit shank is different for some hammer designs

Diameter, length and # splines
Larger shank diameter reduces risk of shanking (i.e., fatigue
failure behind the bit head)
Shank type is usually specified
Not normally a bit design option
(limited number of shanks available)

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Bit Shank Assortment

Size Stock standard

3 inch M30, DHD3.5, COP32

4 inch M40, DHD340, QL40

5 inch M50, DHD350, QL50

6 inch M60, DHD360, QL60

8 inch M80, DHD380, QL80

10 inch SD-10
12 inch SD-12, DHD112

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Bit body steel hardness
Hardness Advantages Disadvantages Usage

Standard - Best all-purpose - Limited face - All standard bits

hardness - 25 years of wear resistance
(HRC 38-42) experience - Limited spline
wear resistance

Through - Best face wear - Notch sensitive - Only for short

hardened resistance - Cracks initiate in bit lives
(HRC 46-50) - Medium spline button holes after
wear resistance long life

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 4. Face shape

Different shape options

- Concave (bulldog)
- Flat
- Convex
- Drop Center (not available)
Main criteria for choice
- Ground conditions
- Application
- Customer preference

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 Concave face

Advantages
- Generally drills straighter
- Good flushing characteristics

Disadvantages
- Ineffective use of face buttons
- Most difficult to sharpen
- Most steel wash on gauge
- Least amount of space for design

Traditional drilling applications

- Soft to medium hard formations
- Dominant face shape outside Europe

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 Flat face

Advantages
- Easiest to sharpen
- Good resistance to body wash

Disadvantages
- Big bits not collaring friendly
- Perceived to cause big hole deviation
in broken formations

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 Convex face

Advantages
- More resistant to steel wash
- Collars well
- May reduce load and wear
on gauge buttons

Disadvantages
- Can cause deviation
in some formations

Traditional drilling applications

- Hard to very hard formations with spherical buttons
- Soft to medium formations with ballistic buttons

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 5. Flushing holes

2 air holes
More face carbides
- Small bits get 4 buttons
in 2nd row

3 air holes
Less steel wash
- Lower air velocity
- Improved hole cleaning
(In certain formations)

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 6. Wing design

Wing Length
Total bit length is the same
Mission bits have small, tapered wings
- Less weight
- Less steel to remove when
resharpening the gauge buttons
Short wing length
- Reduces steel wash on hammer
- Increases risk of “getting stuck”
Long wing length
- Increases bit life in unstable ground
(backreaming out of collapsed holes)

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 Wear protection buttons

Beneficial when backreaming is severe

Effectively saves the steel on the OD
- Prevents gauge buttons from “falling out”
Is NOT used to “maintain hole diameter”
Only available with long wing length

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 Wear protection buttons

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 Fishing threads

Used when bit shanking is a concern

- Undersized shank
- Deep holes (exploration, oil & gas)
When shanking, bit head falls into hole
- Threads used to “save the hole”
Fishing thread is only an “insurance”
- A feature you hope never to use
Available for 6 inch bits and larger
- Only with long wing length, with or
without wear protection

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Fishing threads

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 7. Button choice

Button choice is the most critical design decision!

3 design parameters 3 design objectives

Button size
Button shape
Carbide grade } { Button strength
Wear resistance
Penetration rate

You cannot have it all!

Different properties counteract each other
The choice must be a good compromise

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 Button size

Largely determined by bit size

- 100 mm bit 14 mm buttons
- 444 mm bit 22 mm buttons
Small buttons
- High penetration rate
- Efficient at low pressures
- Quicker to resharpen
Big Buttons
- Longer button life
+ Less prone to breakage
+ Longer wear life
- Longer bit life between resharpening
Use only as big a button as you need

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 Button size

Wear resistance
High hammer pressure
Penetration rate

Low hammer pressure

Button size
Larger buttons increase wear resistance
Smaller buttons increase penetration rate
At high air pressure, ROP is less affected by button size

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 Button shape

Spherical buttons Spherical buttons Ballistic button

- Smoother drilling, less torque
- Holds gauge better

Ballistic buttons
- High penetration rate
- Straighter holes
- Prone to breakage in hard rock,
broken formations, or abusive drilling
- For maximum strength, only available in the
toughest material (DP55)
- Higher torque = rougher drilling

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 Button Shape
vs. Penetration Rate

0.1 mm
0.5 mm 2 mm

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Ballistic
vs. Spherical Buttons

S ta tis tic a l c o m p a r is o n o f b it p e r fo r m a n c e
1

S p h e ric a l B a l l i sti c
b u tto n s b u tto n s

A ve r a g e A ve r a g e
0 .3 0 m /m in 0 .3 5 m /m in
0
0 .1 5 0 .2 0 0 .2 5 0 .3 0 0 .3 5 0 .4 0 0 .4 5 0 .5 0 0 .5 5 0 .6 0
P e n e tr a tio n r a te [m e te r /m in u te ]

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Full Spherical Carbide

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Full Spherical

„ Improve Penetration
„ Available in Next Generation bit designs

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Robust Ballistic

„ Penetration / Tenacity
„ Available in Next Generation bit designs
„ Only for 14mm and smaller

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Carbide Grade

Grade 40
- This is the standard, conventional carbide
- Moderately priced
- Note that Mission Grade 40 has slightly more wear
resistance than the competitor’s standard grades
Dual Property (DP)
- Combines Toughness and Wear resistance!
- The secret is a tough layer under a wear resistant
surface
- Patented technology

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 Dual Property Carbide Technology
DP - cemented carbide, cobalt gradient

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 Carbide grade
Resistance to Wear

50 DP 65

40
DP 55
86

Resistance to Breakage
Carbide strength/toughness versus wear resistance

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 Carbide Grade
Dual Property

DP55
- Same wear resistance as Grade 40
- Superior strength/toughness
- Our best all purpose carbide grade!
DP65
- Same strength/toughness as Grade 40
- Superior wear resistance
- The choice in highly abrasive ground

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 Carbide Grade
Diamond

Diamond
- Better strength/toughness than DP55
- Far greater wear resistance
- The choice for highly abrasive ground and customers
with very high demands
- New technology – rapid product development

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Diamond Coated Button

Solid Diamond
diamond transition
coating layers

Cemented carbide button

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Sandvik Mining and Construction
Diamonds are not forever ...

Diamond eventually
wears

Microscopical cracks
form

Spalling on button edge

Steel wash may cause

breakage

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Ordering Sandvik Bits

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Sandvik Mining and Construction
 Part Number Convention
Button Bit size in
Face
size mm
Code for design Button and wing
DTH bits shape
{

{
{

{
42 - 68 1 C - 165 J 65{

{
Shank code: Button grade:
48 M40B 41 SD4 40 Gr. 40 65 DP 65
58 M55 62 XL 6 55 DP 55 JJ DI/65
61 SD-6 68 Mission 6 GG 55/40 HH 65/40

Sandvik Mining and Construction

What Differentiates Mission Bits?

In house metallurgy & heat Unique carbide selection. In-house

treatment sourcing.

Advanced button
Tight tolerances. hole
No sharp corners. technology

No tooling marks. Shot peening in critical Proven design rules for button proximity and air
areas. holes

Sandvik Mining and Construction

Features and Benefits

Bit features
Benefit to customers
Designed rules for button proximity and
☺ New designs right the first time
placement
☺ Fewer carbide failures
Standardization on long carbides

Logical part numbering system and clear

☺ Easy identification of bit features
labeling
☺ Bit size easily identified
Metric diameter designation
☺ Easy to source replacements
Common bit and foot valve designs
worldwide
☺ Quality you can see!
Good packaging

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Customer Focus

Competitive strengths of Mission bits:

1. Service and delivery
2. DP button technology
3. Consistent, high quality
4. Design for each customer’s requirements

Design focus is on the customer:

– Features mean nothing per say
– The value to each customer is what matters

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 What is customer value?

Customer wants: Customer needs:

• Keep existing hardware • Good hole quality
Hammers Straight holes
Compressors Constant diameter
• Use proven design • High productivity
Bit face shape Meet production needs
• Low Price • Minimized total cost

Wants, needs, and options may contradict!

• The objective here is to teach features and benefits
• It takes professional selling skills to provide best VALUE

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Hole Openers

Sandvik Mining and Construction