HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–1

CHAPTER 4
Entering and Editing Data
The Data Entry/Editor is reached by clicking File|New File or by Edit|Go to Data Entry,
providing a method of entering data on the screen as well as a capability to readily
modify that data once it has been developed. In this chapter, we will enter data for a
nine node, eight pipe system, provide calculation criteria, calculate the system, then print
and review the report. Next, we will examine the various screens used for data entry
and for initiating the calculation process. But first, let’s expand on the introductory data
entry comments on pages 1-4 thru 1-6 as we look at some HASS data entry principles.

HASS Data Entry Principles

Enter data on a single screen with three active areas to receive source, node and pipe
data.

Edit data as necessary to describe the system layout to HASS.

Identify all nodes and pipes tags, using any logical tagging sequence, so long as it can
be readily understood by those who must use the results. (Please see node definition
on page 1-3 and pipe definition on page 1-4.)

Use the Replace function (RPLC button) to make individual or global data changes.

Enter water supply data as either a variable pressure source (a typical water test), or a
fixed pressure source (a tank, reservoir, or standpipe).

All piping arrangements are accepted as assemblies of nodes connected by pipes with
no distinction among grids, trees, loops or other arrangements.

HASS accommodates fire pumps and fixed pressure loss devices as part of the piping
arrangement.

From the Options menubar, you can select:

Display node area and density (e.g. Water Spray Fixed Systems)

Display X-Y coordinates (e.g. graphics system layout and flowplot), or

Use Darcy-Weisbach calculation method (e.g. high pressure water mist systems).

Graphics as graphics-based or text-based diagrams (or both) to display the N1.85 Water
Supply Analysis, system diagram or flowplot diagram.

Grid and loop layouts can be automatically peaked to prove the most remote location of
the area of demand.

Calculations are based on the demand (a minimum flow or pressure at a specified node)
or are based on the supply (at the maximum available flow and pressure).
Page 4–2 HASS USER GUIDE

When the calculation is complete:

The report appears on the screen as a "quick" report for internal use only or as a
"detailed report" suitable for submittal.

You can click the F/S button (toggle between summary and full report) for source
and pump comparisons of available and required pressures at calculated
flow, plus maximum water velocity and location.

The end nodes for pipes representing

Pumps are suction node first and discharge node second
Fixed pressure loss devices are inlet node first and outlet node second.

Using Windows Features for Data Entry

Now that we have the basic understanding of the HASS menubar, toolbar, and keyboard
provided by the Windows platform from Chapter 2, and the data entry concepts
mentioned above, let’s look at some routine Windows features related to data entry.

Click - After placing the mouse cursor over a specific point, depress and release the left
mouse button.

Double Click - After placing the mouse cursor over a specific point, depress and release
the left mouse button twice in reasonably rapid succession.

Right Click - After placing the mouse cursor over a specific point, depress and release
the right mouse button.

In the examples, the click commands are in italics, while keyboard commands are in
bold face type.

Highlighting a section displays its contents in reverse video (changing from dark
characters on a light background to light characters on a dark background). To highlight
a section:

Place the mouse cursor on one end of the section.

Depress the left mouse button and (without releasing the mouse button),
Drag the mouse cursor to the other end of the section and
Release the mouse button.

Once the mouse button is released, the highlighted area cannot be changed.
For example, to highlight a node:

Place the mouse cursor on the node tag for the node,
Depress the left mouse button,
Drag the mouse cursor to the k-factor section and
Release the mouse button.

Generally, the highlight information changes as the mouse cursor moves across the
screen, so you can see the highlighted section before releasing the mouse button. If
you have difficulties highlighting a section, it is often helpful to click somewhere else on
the screen and to try again.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–3

Menu commands are in the formation <Menu Title>|<command>.

To open a file from the examples use the expression File|Open.

To execute this command click on the word File (at the top of the program
window on the next line below the title bar).

A menu will display the word Open along with other menu commands.

Next, click on the word “Open” to execute the menu command File|Open.

Toolbar buttons, immediately below the menubar, provide quick access to

corresponding menu commands, and can be activated when they are “bright”.

Using Pipe Tables

Quick Pipe Data Entry Techniques - The following approach can save you time and
assure accuracy as you use pipe tables while entering pipe data . . .

Determine the type of pipe most used in the system.

Select the pipe table page for the determined pipe type (i.e., A-S40).

Use nominal diameters to enter pipe data (i.e., 2.5 rather than 2.469).

Use a letter prefix with the nominal diameter to select a type of pipe provided on another
page. (The letter prefix refers to the page for that type of pipe - so for thinwall 2.5 inch,
enter B2.5 since thinwall data is given on page B.)

Build additional pages to reference other types of pipe that you routinely use.

(For further discussion of pipe tables, please see pages 12-15 thru 12-18 of this
manual.)

Now, let’s review the sketch, enter the data and calculate the system described in the
following pages.
Page 4–4 HASS USER GUIDE

4.1 Analyzing the Sample Standpipe System (Exercise I)

This exercise covers direct data entry and the complete calculation of a standpipe
system, first with sprinklers, then for the standpipe only. You will notice right away that
this design is not typical of any actual system, since several devices are included to
illustrate methods of entering data. For hose streams, we will not only flow 500 gpm
from the top of the standpipe, but also flow 250 gpm from a yard hydrant while at the
same time reserving 500 gpm for hose streams at the source. Although pressure
calculations are accurate, they are not intended to meet the requirements of published
standards.

To further illustrate HASS data entry techniques, we will add a fire pump to the system
and flow four sprinklers (minimum end head flow 14.82), on the top floor of a high-rise.
Using this approach, we feel that small, complex systems can often give even more
experience than a large, typical system. We encourage you to use a worksheet to keep
your data organized as you prepare the data for entry (A copy of the worksheet is
located in the miscellaneous section of this manual).

Now, to the diagram . . . a quick review of the diagram and worksheet shows the top of
the standpipe and four sprinklers located on the top floor at 120 feet, the hydrant, suction
and discharge sides of the pump at 1 ft., with the source at zero (0). Pipe sizes are 1
and 1-1/2-inch thinwall for the branch lines, 6-inch thinwall for the riser with a 6-inch
lined ductile iron underground. The 750 gpm, 60 psi fire pump is represented as a
special pipe. Now let's build a new file for calculation.
 HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–5

4.1.1 Providing Input Data

To create a new file, select from the menu File|New.

When naming the data file, note that HASS automatically provides * .SDF, so replace the *
with SAMPLSTP and Click OK.

To start with NODES Click YES, and the report cover sheet appears.

To bypass the cover sheet for now, Click CANCEL, and the data entry screen appears, ready
to receive data.

Since this example uses the paste overwrite method to copy selected data, rather than a full
line of data, press the Insert key (to the right of the Back Space key), and note that Overwrite
replaces Insert in the message bar to the lower right of the screen

Enter Node Data

Click on the 1 below Node Tag.

Press the <F2> key seven times to create the nodes in the system.

Again Click on the 1 below Node Tag.

Add the first line of node information from the worksheet for node 1 as follows:

<ENTER> 120 <ENTER 5.6 <ENTER>

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Four nodes have the same information, so you can copy and paste them as follows:
Page 4–6 HASS USER GUIDE

Highlight the elevation and k-factor fields for node 1.

From the menu, select Edit|Copy.

Then right click on nodes 2, 4 and 5 (automatically pasting the data to the clipboard).

For node 3, the top of the standpipe with a hose stream demand:

Click on node 3 elevation column

120 <ENTER>

While the edit box is still on node 3, select the menu command Edit|Toggle Hose Stream
or Click Arrow HS on the toolbar.
(The hose stream is automatically entered as "-100".
Requiring an intentional request for a hose stream
means that you cannot enter one by accident.)

Click on node 3 in the k-factor column.

Overwrite "-100" with "-500".

To enter the hydrant at node 6:

Click on node 6 elevation column

1 <ENTER>

While the edit box is still on node 6, select the menu command Edit|Toggle Hose Stream
or Click Arrow HS on the toolbar.

Overwrite "-100" with "-250".

The current item can also be changed by repeatedly pressing <ENTER> until the current
item is the elevation for node 7.

Set the elevation for nodes 7 and 8 by:

1 <ENTER> <ENTER> <ENTER> 1 <ENTER>

Enter Source Data

To go to the Source Section, click that area (or use <ALT-S>).

The source will be described by a zero (0) for elevation, a static of 50, a residual of 40, a
flow of 1000, and a hose stream allowance of 500 as follows:

<ENTER> 0 <ENTER> 50 <ENTER> 40 <ENTER> 1000 <ENTER> 500 <ENTER>

Notice that the source node appears in the node section as well.
 HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–7

Enter Pipe Data

To proceed to the Pipe Data Section, click that area (or use <ALT-P>).

Since we will use the B-THNWL pipe table page for diameters and fittings, we will enter
all thinwall piping by nominal diameter and all fittings by letter. Since ductile iron pipe
will be used for the underground, we will indicate the ductile iron page with the letter D
as a prefix to the diameter. (For an underground of a type not listed on a pipe table
page, you can enter the actual internal diameter and Hazen-Williams coefficient or setup
a new pipe table page for reference.)

Let's enter pipe 1 as:

<ENTER> 1 <ENTER> 2 <ENTER> 12 <ENTER> <ENTER> 1 <ENTER> <ENTER>
then pipe 2 as:
<F2> <ENTER> 2 <ENTER> 3 <ENTER> 6 <ENTER> T <ENTER> 1.5 <ENTER> <ENTER>
Pipe 3 is like pipe 2, so do this:
<F2> <ENTER> 3 <ENTER> 4 <ENTER>
Highlight the length, fittings, diameter and HWC for pipe 2.
Select Edit|Copy.
Right Click on pipe 3 in the pipe tag column

Pipe 4 is like pipe 1, so add it this way:

<F2> <ENTER> 4 <ENTER> 5 <ENTER>
Highlight the length, fittings, diameter and HWC for pipe 1.
Select Edit|Copy.
Right Click on pipe 4 in the pipe tag column

To add Pipe 5, use:

<F2> <ENTER> 3 <ENTER> 6 <ENTER> 130 <ENTER> EAG <ENTER> 6 <ENTER> <ENTER>
For Pipe 6:
<F2> <ENTER> 6 <ENTER> 7 <ENTER> 100 <ENTER> EC <ENTER> D6 <ENTER> <ENTER>
For Pipe 7, the fire pump:
<F2> <ENTER> 8 <ENTER> 7 <ENTER> <F4>
Click on pipe 7 fitting column.
750 <ENTER> 60 <ENTER>
and finally, Pipe 8:
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<F2> <ENTER> 8 <ENTER> SOURCE <ENTER> 50 <ENTER> T <ENTER> D6 <ENTER>

Page 4–8 HASS USER GUIDE

Except for the node tag changes we'll do in a moment, the screen should look exactly
like your worksheet.

Next, click in the node section and change the numbered node tags to the descriptive
node tags shown on the worksheet by overwriting each one, then moving the cursor to
the next node tag to be overwritten.

When calculations are complete, HASS displays the pump suction node first and the
discharge node second, however you may enter the pump node tags in any order.
HASS takes care of this for you by performing some extra calculations to determine
which is the suction node and which is the discharge node. (This principle also applies
to fixed pressure loss devices.) In a few moments we will examine the report to see that
the order of these nodes has been reversed to agree with the direction of flow.

4.1.2 Providing Calculation Criteria, Calculating and Checking the Results

To advance to the calculation criteria screen:

Click on the CALC button on the toolbar

The Calculation Criteria Screen displays other information needed to prove the system.
Even though much of the data was developed from your earlier data entry, it is
presented for your review and modification as needed. We will first use minimum end
head flow to run a demand calculation for sprinklers, and later modify the calculation
criteria to run a supply calculation for the standpipe without sprinklers. (Remember, we
are applying principles here, and the result is not intended to resemble any real
situation.) Let’s move down this dialog box, verifying each entry. (To accept this screen
as is, press <ENTER>.)

For the job title: SAMPLE STANDPIPE SYSTEM <Tab>

<Tab> for an imbalance limit of 0.10 gpm
<Tab> Not to automatically peak the remote area
<Tab> to accept a 20 psi minimum source pressure, standard in most municipalities
<Tab> not to use velocity pressures in the calculation
<Tab> to refer to the standard pipe table.
<Tab> to select the pipe table page. In this example we are using thinwall pipe. The
name of that table is B-THNWL. Click on the down arrow to the right of the choice list
and select B-THNWL from the list of choices.

<ENTER> to continue to the next calculation dialog.

To specify a minimum end head flow: 14.82 <Tab>
<Tab> to apply this to all flowing nodes.
<Tab> to verify the gpm choice, rather than psi
<ENTER> to start the calculations
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<ENTER> again to save the file

 HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–9

To Print a copy, select File|Print.

Your report should match the one on pages 4-10/4-13. The graph on page 4-14 allows a
quick comparison of these results and the results to be calculated next.

4.1.3 Modifying the Data and Calculating a Typical Standpipe

Now, let’s omit the sprinklers and do a supply calculation of the standpipe.

Click the Edit button on the toolbar.

To give the file a new name, select File|Save As and type FLOWSTP for the new name.
Click in the Source Section and change the hose allowance at the source to 0 (zero).
Type <ALT-SPACEBAR> to move to the node section.
At the top of the K-factor column, to "plug off" the sprinklers:
Click the RPLC button on the toolbar.
In the New Value field in the Replace Dialog, type 0.0 and press <ENTER>
(5.6 is replaced 4 times)
Click the OK button.
Click on the hydrant row then Click the → HS button (toggle Hose Stream).
To set up the calculation: Click on the CALC button

For the job title type: FLOW AT TOP OF STANDPIPE <ENTER>

Since our calculation will be based on the total supply available, when the Edit First End-
Head Value dialog is displayed set the minimum end head condition as 0 (zero) and

Press <ENTER> to save the file.

Reviewing the results on the screen we see that node 3 at the top of the standpipe (with
500 gpm flowing) shows 52.6 psi available. Since the pressure at the top of the
standpipe is not adequate for NFPA 14 standards, return once more to General Data
Entry/Editing by pressing the EDIT button, and use a pump with an 80 psi rating and
then a 125 psi rating.

Click in the Pipe Section, then

<ARROW DN> to the pump line and <ENTER> across to change the pump pressure to 80.

Next, click on the CALC button and press <ENTER> <ENTER> <ENTER>.
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Page 4–10 HASS USER GUIDE

Checking the results on the screen, we find the standpipe node to be satisfactory with
72.7 psi available. Since the required pressure may be 100 psi you may now try the 125
psi pump.
Select the F/S button to toggle to a screen summary of available and required pressures
at calculated flow for both the source and the pump . . . click the button again for the
report.

To print the results, select File|Print

These node tag choices illustrate the flexibility of HASS for this example only, and are
not intended to be used as a model for other situations. In this brief exercise we have

 tackled direct data entry,

 used copy and pasting for nodes and pipes,
 reviewed pump calculation procedures,
 done an overwrite of all generated nodes, and
 established a new file, modified old data, and done a new calculation.

The following report (SAMPLSTP) is based on minimum end head flow for sprinklers.
The Calculation of the standpipe flow only (FLOWSTP) is in Chapter 10 along with a
comprehensive review of each report item.

For this exercise, the coversheet is being omitted and the water supply graph from Page
2 is shown below.

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HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–15

4.2 Entering and Editing Sprinkler System Data

THE GENERAL DATA ENTRY/EDITOR SCREEN receives and displays node and pipe
information (for any type of sprinkler system) ready for editing.* This most versatile of all
HASS screen uses three data sections: Source Data at the top, Node Data to the left,
and Pipe Data to the right. The source section displays information for any one of three
possible sources, while the node and pipe sections display all node and pipe
information. (If the characters on the screen are too small, Click Options|Edit Options
and select a larger screen font size.)

Each section scrolls independently with only one section active at a time. You can move
the cursor from one section to the next by clicking that screen area with the mouse, or by
using <ALT-SPACEBAR>. Changes made in the node section are reflected in the pipe
section only when the pipe section becomes active, and the source node is displayed in
the node section, but can be accessed only in the source section when it is active.

All nodes and pipes are identified by tags of up to eight characters (numbers and
letters). Any logical tagging scheme is acceptable so long as it is readily recognized by
those who must use the results. You can add a new node or pipe at any time below any
present entry by pressing by clicking Edit|Insert or by <F2>. Each new tag conforms to
the current tagging scheme and ends with the next sequential number/letter. When you
overwrite any tag name, a new tagging pattern begins.

You can change any data item by overtyping with new data and pressing <ENTER>. For
a large number of similar changes, you can click Search|Replace or <ALT-R> to and
replace data (and confirm each change as it is made). Likewise, you can delete any
line of entered data by first locating with the cursor the row to be removed, then clicking
Edit|Delete or by pressing <F3>.

*The fitting “N” shown in the data entry screen is generated in this case by the Grid Estimator and
represents a Normal Pressure Tee to allow a calculation criteria toggle between use or non-use of velocity
pressure immediately before beginning the calculation (Page 4-21). The screens in this discussion
correspond to the Grid Estimator example in Chapter 5 to allow a review of additional features not included
earlier in this chapter.
Page 4–16 HASS USER GUIDE

4.2.1 Entering and Editing Source Node Data

You can enter data for single or multiple feed systems having up to three (3) source
nodes with the calculated flows and discharges based on the flow curve associated with
each source node. For a demand calculation with a minimum end head condition
specified, HASS can use no more than one source and one pump. (For more than one
source or pump, please see Chapter 14, Frequently Asked Questions.)

HASS supports two types of flow curves, one for variable pressure and one for fixed
pressure. Edit|Toggle Fixed/Variable Pressure lets you switch from one to the other.

THE VARIABLE PRESSURE FLOW CURVE describes a source with a residual pressure that
decreases as the water flow increases, such as a typical water flow test. Source
elevation is at the effective point of the water flow test. Hose streams can be deducted
at the source.

THE FIXED PRESSURE FLOW CURVE describes a source with a constant residual pressure
without regard for the flow rate, such as the supply from a tank, lake, reservoir or a large
public main where the fire protection demand is expected to have little effect on the
pressure. Normally, hose streams are not removed at the source.

Note that source nodes representing pump suction supplies can be of either fixed
pressure (tank) or variable pressure (booster pump).

Source Data Fields

Source Tag: Each node in the system, including source nodes, must be "tagged" or
named. The name may contain letters and/or numbers and may be from one to eight
characters long. Each node tag must be unique (no duplicate node tags are allowed).

Elevation: The source node elevation defines the starting point for system piping and
may be relative to finished floor level, to grade, mean sea level, or any other convenient
datum. Negative elevations are permitted.

Static: For a variable pressure source, use the water flow test measured pressure at no
flow. For a fixed pressure source, static pressure does not apply (N/A).
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–17

Residual: For a variable pressure source, use the water flow test measured pressure at
pitoted flow. For a fixed pressure source use the constant pressure to be expected at
any anticipated flow. (This value must not be less than zero (0) in any case.)

Flow: For a variable pressure source, the flow rate measured at residual pressure
during the hydrant flow test. For a fixed pressure source, flow does not apply (N/A).

Hose Allowance: Enter any flow quantity reserved for manual fire fighting to be taken at
the source node. This hose stream deduction reduces source pressure before water
enters the lead-in piping. A hose stream deduction for a fixed pressure source is of no
consequence. Hose streams may be defined at any other point in the system.

How To Operate Source Functions

Edit|Insert: Adds a new source (using the next sequential source node tag) ready to
receive source data.

Edit|Delete: Removes the indicated source. Since a HASS file requires a source, a
single source is deleted only after a replacement source is provided.

Edit|Toggle Fixed/Variable Pressure: When data represents a variable pressure

source (described by a standard flow-pressure curve) and you can toggle to fixed
pressure, the static pressure and flow values are replaced by the symbols "N/A",
representing a source having a residual pressure of constant value irrespective of the
flow demand.

Conversely, when data represents a fixed pressure source and you can toggle to
variable pressure, the "N/A" symbols are replaced by the numerical value 0.0, ready for
you to enter the flow-pressure curve data that represent the source (i.e., water flow test
data).

Options|Edit Options|Display X-Y Coordinates box: Lets you indicate a display of X-

Y coordinates on the screen and in the report.
Page 4–18 HASS USER GUIDE

4.2.2 Entering and Editing Data for Nodes of Unknown Pressure

When a node is a discharging sprinkler in the area of demand, the discharge coefficient is
the K value for the selected sprinkler, or an equivalent K-factor that represents one or more
flowing points along with associated piping and fittings. The K-factor value for a node with no
system external flow is zero (0). Source node(s) are displayed in the node section, but are
accessed only in an active source section.

Any node (other than a source node) can be changed to a hose stream by clicking
Edit|Toggle Hose Stream, clicking the -->HS button, or by pressing <F4>. A minus 100
appears in the K-factor column, indicating a 100 gpm flow, ready for editing as a hose stream
flow, standpipe flow, domestic demand or other fixed flow. This flow is labeled as a hose
stream in the report.

Node Data Fields

Node Tag: Each node (hydraulic reference point) must be identified by a unique name, or
tag, up to eight characters (numbers or letters). Nodes are given special category
assignments when specifying multiple minimum end head conditions as discussed on page
8-6 of this manual.

Elevation: The node elevation may be relative to finished floor level, to grade, mean sea
level, or any other convenient datum. Negative elevations are permitted.

K-factor: The discharge coefficient of an orifice. Points with no external flow have a
discharge coefficient of zero (0). Hose streams at nodes other than the source are
represented by a negative K-factor. Equivalent K-factors may be provided as a substitute for
one or more points of outflow and the friction loss of the associated piping and fittings.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–19

Density and Area: The required flow and coverage for a node with an assigned K-factor
(especially useful with deluge systems). To use this alternative click Options|Display
Options, then click the Display Node Area and Density box. Unless density and area are
given for every flowing sprinkler, this option is superseded by any minimum end head
condition stated in the routine calculation criteria. HASS assures that the most severe
condition is satisfied with all others equal to or greater than the most severe. The report
displays the required source pressure, as adjusted, with each flowing node reporting the
specified area as well as the specified and calculated densities.

X-Y Coordinates: A layout diagram can be provided by defining the relative location of all
points. Position (0,0) is usually the lower left corner node, but negative values are
acceptable. The HASS report includes a flowplot whenever X-Y coordinates are provided.
(NOTE: X-Y coordinates are entered automatically by the Grid Estimator, Tree Generator
and System Builder.)

How to Operate Node Functions

Edit|Insert or press <F2>: Adds a new node (using the next sequential node tag) ready for
editing.

Edit|Delete or Press <F3>: Removes any non-source node data and all references to the
deleted node in Pipe Data. Data for nodes listed below the removed node will move up one
line and will have no change in node tag information, even when those tags are numerical.

Edit|Toggle Hose Stream: Changes the K-factor from a discharge coefficient (of 0.0 or
greater) to a fixed flow with a standard value of -100. The fixed flow is usually a hose stream
with a deduction of 100 gpm irrespective of the computed pressure at the node. Edit with the
actual hose stream value by overtyping the -100 with the desired value (must be less than -1
to indicate a hose stream).

Conversely, a hose stream (a negative K-factor) is changed to a discharge coefficient with a

standard value of 0.0. Entering a positive value expresses a K-factor, usually representing a
flowing sprinkler.

Options|Edit Options|Display X-Y Coordinates box: Lets you indicate a display of X-Y
coordinates on the screen and in the report.
Page 4–20 HASS USER GUIDE

4.2.3 Entering Pipe Data

The general definition of a HASS pipe is any run of pipe of constant diameter and Hazen-
Williams coefficient that connects two nodes. HASS treats fire pumps and fixed pressure
loss devices are "special pipes" (more about these later).

To define a pipe, first specify the pipe tag, then the two end tags. The end node tag order is
unimportant (except for pipes with directional flow devices) so long as it is logical to you.
Next, enter the pipe length and fittings. A single pipe segment must be of constant diameter
along its entire length.

HASS provides pipe tables for reference so you can enter nominal diameters and fittings by
letter with the actual internal diameters, equivalent fitting lengths and Hazen-Williams
coefficient (C-factor or HWC) read from the selected pipe table page and used in the
calculation. Another pipe table page can be accessed by adding the page letter as a prefix
to the nominal diameter. Equivalent fitting lengths change automatically with a change in
pipe diameter or Hazen-Williams coefficient, except when fitting lengths are entered
numerically. The Hazen-Williams coefficient is open for editing exceptions.

Pipe Data Fields

Pipe Tag: Each pipe connecting two nodes is identified by a unique name, or tag, of up to
eight characters (letters or numbers).

End Node Tags: The node tags at either end of a pipe are entered in no special order
(except for directional fittings and devices which must be entered with the flow-in
node first and then the flow-out node second).

Length: The distance between pipe end nodes that may include any run of the same
diameter such as a riser, feed main, and cross main, so long as the Hazen-Williams
coefficients are the same. Note: The calculation may fail to converge when short sections of
relatively large diameter piping are used.
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Fittings: Fitting Equivalent lengths may be entered by fitting letter for reference to a pipe
table page, or numerically. When entered by letter, the fitting length is read either from the
referenced pipe table or adjusted (according to NFPA 13) from the Schedule 40 table. When
fittings are entered numerically, no adjustments are made.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–21

Five spaces are available for entering fittings. You have wide latitude in the format you use
for entering fittings. For example, assuming that the pipe table being used has the fitting
code letters ETLGACBDN defined, these will be valid fitting entries: E, EEE, 2ET (meaning 2
ells and 1 tee), 9ETGA, 30. Similarly, these are illegal fitting entries: EEEEEE (more than 5
characters), 10ET (more than 9 of any one fitting type), E30 (can't mix fitting code letters with
numerical fitting lengths).

Fittings for Velocity Pressures: When using velocity pressures, HASS calculates each tee
appropriately for sprinklers located directly on a branch line. For all other tees, HASS
calculates using a “T" for a total pressure tee and an "N" for a normal pressure tee.
Although systems developed by the Grid Estimator and Tree Generator illustrate the correct
use of "T" or "N", the user is responsible for the correct designation of each tee as follows:

Use "T" for a total pressure tee at:

End branch line connections,

All other branch lines having no flow outlets,
All bullhead tees where the supply is through the stem of the tee, and
All tees included for friction loss only
(i.e. sprinklers at the top of branch line riser nipples.)

Use "N" for a normal pressure tee

At cross main connections to branch lines having flow outlets

(except as stated above).

When calculating without velocity pressures, HASS treats "T" and "N" equally . . . since there
is no difference in the result, you are free to replace "N" with "T" if you wish.

Diameter: Ideally, enter a nominal diameter for reference to a pipe table page. To read
from a page other than the default page, the letter of a pipe table page is entered as a prefix
to the nominal diameter.

So when you type 1 <enter>, a one inch nominal diameter using the A-S40 default pipe
table page gives the actual diameter of 1.049. Similarly, when you type D4 <enter> a four
inch nominal diameter reads the actual diameter of 4.22 from pipe table page D.

If you enter actual diameters, fitting length adjustments may be needed (according to NFPA
13) from the Schedule 40 table. Even though you have always used actual inside diameters
and have all of them memorized, we urge you to abandon the practice and enter only
nominal diameters to ensure the accuracy of the equivalent fitting lengths used in the
calculations.

Hazen-Williams Coefficient: When adding new pipes, the HWC value will already be set
to the value taken from the default page of the pipe table. When you enter a diameter with a
pipe table page prefix, e.g., D4, the HWC field changes to the value stored in the indicated
pipe table page. If you wish to overwrite the HWC value in this case, you must use the
<ARROW UP> or <ARROW DN> key to leave the current pipe and the return to it and edit the
HWC field directly without modifying the diameter field. We strongly advise you to avoid
overwriting Hazen-Williams Coefficient fields since this can affect the computation of
equivalent fitting lengths and thus affect calculation results.
Page 4–22 HASS USER GUIDE

Adding Directional Flow Devices - Fire Pump, Fixed Pressure Loss Device,
Pressure Reducing Valve or Check Valve

All directional flow fittings and devices, except alarm check valves, must be
entered with the flow-in node first (Left) and the flow-out second (Right).

A Fire Pump is treated by HASS as a "specialized pipe". For data entry, a pump is a device
composed of two nodes and a pipe in between. Enter node data first (suction and
discharge), setting the node tag K values to zero and elevations equal, then, enter the pipe
data - pipe tags, suction and discharge nodes. You can click a toolbar button to change the
device to a fixed pressure loss device→FL),
( a "normal pipe" ( →Pipe) or to a pressure
reducing valve (→PRV).

When an above ground suction tank is the source for a horizontal pump, the residual
pressure may be entered as a realistic fixed pressure by moving to the source section and
clicking Edit|Toggle Fixed/Variable Pressure, entering a fixed residual pressure that will be
available without regard for either the static pressure or flow. When a vertical turbine pump
is used, it must be modeled as a standard horizontal pump.

The HASS Pump Curve displays a conservative arrangement of three points, using
100% of rated pressure for all flows between churn and the rated flow, then proceeding
to65% of rated pressure at 150% of rated flow and then drops to 0 psi (bar).The report also
displays actual pump suction pressure (above -14.7 psig). When checked in
Options|Parameters the HASS pump curve will automatically generate a 5 point “User Curve”
with similar characteristics.

A Five Point User Pump Curve lets you enter data for pump performance with more
precision, using actual pump performance data. You can enter the flow-pressure
coordinates for each of the five points. Point to point, flows must increase as pressures
decrease (to avoid the situation of having two flow rates at the same pressure) . . . and you
can readily change from one type pump curve to the other. We strongly recommend using
this feature only with the manufacturer's shop test curve for the specific pump or other actual
test data. The report displays a five point graphical representation with HASS calculations
based on a linear interpolation between points with the final point dropping to zero pressure.

REVMMXIII
 HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–23

Fixed Pressure Loss Devices (FPLD) include meters, reduced pressure back flow preventers,
and similar items, and are treated as "specialized pipes". These are devices that exhibit a
relatively fixed amount of pressure loss for a wide range of flow rates. During data entry, each
device is composed of two nodes and a pipe in between. Enter the node data first (inlet and
outlet) setting the node tag K values to zero and elevations equal. Next, enter the pipe data -
pipe tags, inlet and outlet nodes, followed by clicking Edit|Change Pipe to FPLD (or click the
→FPLD button) and enter the pressure drop for the device. You can click a toolbar button to
change the device to a fire pump (→PMP), a "normal pipe" (→Pipe) or a pressure reducing valve
(→PRV).

Note: Meters, reduced pressure back flow preventers and double check valve assemblies are
typically handled as “Fixed Pressure Loss Devices”.

Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV) reduce to a desired pressure for hose stations or sprinklers
in accordance with NFPA 13. During data entry, the device is composed of two nodes and a pipe
in between. Enter the node data first (inlet and outlet) setting the node tag K values to zero and
elevations equal. Next, enter the pipe data - pipe tags, inlet and outlet nodes, followed by clicking
Edit|Change Pipe to PRV (or click the → PRV toolbar button) and the downstream pressure of
165 psi is entered automatically. You can click a toolbar button to change the device to a fixed
pressure loss device (→ FL), a fire pump (→ PMP), or to a "normal pipe"( → Pipe).

Check Valves are directional devices arranged to restrict reverse flow in which case the pipe
including the check valve must be entered with the inflow node first and the outflow node second
with proper connections to each end of the specified pipe. Flow will be permitted from the first
node to the second, but prohibited from the second node to the first. All fire pumps must have a
check valve connected to the pump outlet node.

How to Operate Pipe Functions

Edit|Insert or press <F2>: Adds a new pipe (using the next pipe tag) ready for editing.

Edit|Delete or Press <F3>: Removes any line of pipe data. The data for pipes listed below the
removed pipe will move up one line and will have no change in pipe tag information, even when
those tags are numerical.

Edit|Change to Fixed Loss (FL toolbar button): Changes the “pipe” to a fixed pressure loss
device. The numerical value of the friction loss set to zero, ready for editing. End nodes must
have the same elevation and tags must be entered in the direction of flow.

Edit|Change to Pipe to Pump (PMP toolbar button): Changes the "pipe" to a pump with the
pump rated flow and pressure set to zero, ready for editing. End nodes must have the same
elevation. The HASS standard pump curve is expressed by three points; no flow at rated
pressure, rated flow at rated pressure, and 150% of rated flow at 65% of rated pressure. End
node tags must be entered in the direction of flow.

Edit|Change Pipe to Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV toolbar button): Changes the pipe to a
PRV with a default secondary or downstream pressure of 165, ready for editing. End nodes must
have the same elevation and entered in the order of the direction of flow. The typical PRV is a
diaphragm motor driven globe or angle valve that reduces downstream pressure for hose streams
REV MMXIII

or sprinklers. Whenever the pressure drop across the PRV is less than the friction loss of the
wide open globe/angle valve, the pressure loss of the device is based on the downstream pipe
equivalent fitting length for the wide open valve (PRV toolbar button, or Options|Edit PRV Fitting
Loss).
Page 4–24 HASS USER GUIDE

Edit|Pump Characteristics: Allows the user to specify a pump curve by entering the rated
flow and pressure along with five points expressed by their flow-pressure coordinates
(printed later in the report of results). During data entry, you can readily change from one
type pump curve to the other. We STRONGLY RECOMMEND that this feature be used only
with actual test data such as the manufacturer's shop test curve for the actual pump to be
installed.

Edit|Change to Pipe to Normal Pipe (PIPE toolbar button): Changes the "pipe"(pump or
fixed loss device) to a normal pipe, ready for editing.

Utilities|Equiv BL Calc: Provides a way to represent a stepped branch line having no

discharging heads as a single piece of pipe, useful when gridding an existing scheduled or
tree system when a higher demand is needed.

Utilities|Grid Equiv Pipe Calc: Provides a way to represent gridded in-rack sprinkler piping
by a pipe of an equivalent diameter having the same friction loss.

4.2.4 Data Entry by Code and by Macro

You can assign/recall a line of node/pipe data by using a code (similar to the Windows
cut/paste routine). In fact, you can simultaneously assign up to ten codes, then playback
these codes in any order. Each code can be reassigned at any time during data entry.

In the same way, the record/ playback of multiple lines of node or pipe data expands this
capability to allow data entry of identical groups of node/pipe data. You can use any of ten
macros to record a string of keystrokes for the node window and ten for the pipe window.
With every keystroke you will hear a soft click and the word “Recording” appears in the bar at
the lower right of the screen. From that point on, every pressed key is stored for future
playback until the feature is deactivated by repeating the same key combination used to
initiate the recording process. With recording active, all keystrokes are "remembered", even
function keys and cursor movement keys (but not any special windows keys or mouse
clicks).

In both of the above cases, all recorded keystrokes are saved with the sprinkler data file for
use during later editing. Please see page 2-17 for a discussion of the keystrokes and
assign/recall, record/playback procedures and page 5-30 for an example to illustrate the
use of these features.

4.2.5 Graphics Diagnostics, Display and Editing

Graphics enhancements can display the current Sprinkler Data File (.sdf) in a three
dimensional perspective based on node elevations and X-Y coordinates (as entered
manually or automatically by the Grid Estimator, Tree Generator or System Builder). You
can define various colors to show velocities, pressures, pipe diameters and flows (i.e., dark
colors for low velocities and bright colors for higher velocities). In addition, you can set the
colors for absolute values (i.e., red for any velocity above 20 ft/sec.), or set the colors on a
relative basis with an even distribution (i.e., red for the highest grouping of system values).

With the diagram on the screen, you can show the current values at a node or pipe as well
as edit node or pipe data by clicking on the corresponding node (point) or pipe (line).
REV MMXI

To diagnose a misconnection, you can display system connectivity with nodes and pipes in
the order connected. Those nodes and pipes not connected to the system are shown
separately. For most simple systems, HASS uses this diagram as a starting point for
generating system X-Y coordinates for each node in the system (expanding to more complex
systems in future releases). Please see Chapter 17 for a detailed discussion of the various
graphics options.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–25

4.3 Developing Calculation Criteria

Once data entry is complete, HASS requires specific processing directions prior to beginning
calculation of the system. Generally, these directions are given by three consecutive
screens, Edit Calculation Criteria, Edit Peaking Information, and Edit Minimum Allowable End
Head Condition(s). Calculations using Darcy-Weisbach generates a fourth screen. We will
review each of these screens in detail.

Edit Calculation Criteria Data Entry Fields

Job Title: Identifies the data calculated

(especially for multiple calculations in the same
area.

Calculation Imbalance Limit: Advises HASS

(with a numerical value) of the point at which the
iterative process should cease. The calculation
continues until the average imbalance of the
differences between the inflows and outflows at
every flowing node is less than the calculation
imbalance limit, and at no node is the difference
more than twice that value. (Often, an allowable
imbalance of 0.1 gpm is used for close precision,
although 0.5 gpm is satisfactory.)

Automatic Peaking of Remote Area: A Y/N

response determines whether or not the area
of demand will be shifted along the branch
lines to locate the position of maximum friction loss. HASS assumes automatic peaking for
all HASS generated grids, and assumes that each branch line is of constant diameter along
its length.

Peaking is performed by shifting all the discharging sprinklers on a branch line to the left and
to the right between the cross mains, by the distance between sprinklers, in a search for the
minimum pressure at any sprinkler to assure that the hydraulically most remote point along
the branch line has been reached. (This procedure has been validated by appropriate
authorities and is universally accepted.) To peak branch lines on a loop, use the branch line
spacing along the cross main in lieu of the spacing of sprinklers along the branch line.

Minimum Allowable Source Pressure: Preset for 20 psi, this pressure is standard in most
municipalities (some are lower). For a fixed pressure source (i.e., suction tank), this value
should be equal to or less than the source pressure, and may be zero or a positive pressure.

HASS first calculates the system based on the maximum available flow and pressure, then
reduces the flow at the end head by reducing the pressure at the source. If the minimum
allowable source pressure is reached before the minimum end head flow is found, the
process stops and the reported discharge flows correspond to the minimum allowable source
pressure. However, with the addition of a fire pump, HASS reduces the required pump
pressure until the end head minimum is found, then reports the pump rating, available and
required flow and pressures on the screen and in the report.
Page 4–26 HASS USER GUIDE

When a fire pump is added to the system, the calculation process is compounded by the
additional pressure, especially on the lower floors of a high-rise. (Note: The calculation may
not converge if a negative pressure is reached, or if the system design and pressure are
such that the pump pressure is not really needed.)

Use Velocity Pressures? Preset at N, you can provide a Y "yes" response to use velocity
pressures in the calculation as required by NFPA 15 and in accordance with NFPA 13.
Remember that velocity pressure calculations require identification of each total
pressure tee as "T" and each normal pressure tee as "N". (HASS calculates each tee
appropriately for sprinklers located directly on a branch line.)

Pipe Table to Use: Preset for STANDARD.PIP, another pipe table may be chosen for
reference by clicking the down arrow, then selecting from other available pipe tables.

Pipe Table Page: Preset for the A-Steel page of the standard pipe table, another page in
the active pipe table may be chosen for reference by clicking the down arrow, then selecting
from other available pipe table pages of the currently selected pipe table. No data may be
typed in this field.

Editing Automatic Peaking Data Entry Fields

The HASS automatic peaking process relocates the remote area along the branch lines until
a sprinkler reaches the lowest operating pressure for those branch lines. Branch lines and
cross mains are assumed to be of constant diameter and sprinkler spacing along lines is
assumed to be constant. The report gives the lowest pressure as well as the pressures for
that sprinkler when the remote area is shifted one sprinkler spacing to the left and to the
right, thereby proving the location as the most remote.

Sprinkler Spacing: The distance in the

area of demand between sprinklers along
branch lines. When the area of demand is
moved along the branch lines, the length of
each shift will be equal to this specified
distance between sprinklers.

Left Side / Right Side Pipe Tag: For

each branch line with flowing sprinklers, the
pipe tag representing the feed to the area of
demand from the left and from the right.
Usually, the pipe to the left connects the first
discharging sprinkler on the branch line to the
left-side cross main and the pipe to the right
connects the last discharging sprinkler on the
branch line to the right-side cross main.
These are the pipes that will be lengthened
and shortened as the area of demand is
shifted. Caution: If node tags are entered
rather than pipe tags other pipes will be
lengthened or shortened and the result will be
in error.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 4–27

Editing End Head Condition Data Entry Fields

Specifying the Minimum Allowable End Head Condition(s) assures a demand

calculation with a comparison of required pressure and the available pressure at
calculated flow. Minimum end head flow is the result of the density times the spacing
between sprinklers times the spacing between branch lines.(HASS assumes a minimum
end head flow for all HASS generated grid or tree layouts.) You can specify an end head
condition (flow or pressure) for of any one requirement, for multiple nodes in up to nine
categories of requirements, or for each node on a per node basis. We will review each
of these in order.

TO SPECIFY A MINIMUM END-HEAD CONDITION

Value: Enter a numerical value other than

zero (0). The calculation result is based on
the specified minimum, and the report
presents the system operating point located
above or below the source flow curve.

Units: Preset for flow with a pressure option.

Although you can enter a minimum operating
pressure, such as 7 psi, the result can be in error if
equivalent K-factors are included in the data, since 7
psi is the required minimum pressure at the
sprinkler, not at the equivalent K-factor point of
reference. Determining the required flow and
specifying GPM may, therefore, be more reliable
than specifying PSI.

At Node: Preset for *ANY*, HASS will select the hydraulically most remote node. You can
specify the operable node when adjacent sprinklers have different K-factors, (e.g., extended
throw sidewall sprinklers can be adjacent to standard sprinklers) and when operating elevations
differ. For the screen shown below, click More (at the lower right).

TO SPECIFY MULTIPLE MINIMUM END-HEAD CONDITIONS & MULTIPLE FLOW/PRESSURE

ASSIGNMENTS

Note that the data entered for each condition matches

that used for entering only on end head condition. For
multiple minimum end head conditions, you enter the
same type data for each condition that you used for
one condition. HASS assures that the most severe
condition is satisfied with all others equal to or greater
than the specified condition. For most situations, no
further specification is needed.

In some specialized cases, you may need to calculate

more than one condition in several flow/pressure
categories. The nodes are identified in General Data
Entry, in the Node section as follows: Assign each
node in a category by adding the "/" character and a
single digit (1 through 9) to the node tag. (Using "/0",
the default, is the same as assigning no category at
all.) To remove an assignment, re-type the node
tag(s), omitting the "/x" category suffix.
Page 4–28 HASS USER GUIDE

Returning to the screen to the left, where you would normally enter a node tag, you can
enter a node flow/pressure category assignment. For Example, nodes 2, 3, and 4 have
one minimum flow or pressure and nodes 7, 8 and 9 have another. So, identify them as
follows: 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 7/2 8/2, 9/2. (Also, using “/1" will indicate 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 in this
case, and “/2 will indicate 7/2, 8/3 9/2.) For multiple flow/pressure categories, HASS
assures that the most severe condition is satisfied with all others equal to or greater that
the specified condition.

TO SPECIFY DENSITY AND AREA ON A PER NODE BASIS, click Options|Display Options,
then click the Display Node Area and Density box. Unless density and area are given
for every flowing sprinkler, this option is superseded by any minimum end head condition
stated in the routine calculation criteria. HASS assures that the most severe condition is
satisfied with all others equal to or greater than the most severe. The report displays the
required source pressure, as adjusted, with each flowing node reporting the specified
area as well as the specified and calculated densities.

TO SPECIFY MAXIMUM FLOW AT AVAILABLE PRESSURE AND ASSURE A SUPPLY

CALCULATION, enter 0 (zero) and the calculation yields the actual supply performance of
the designed system. The report presents the system operating point lying directly on
the source flow curve. Actual discharge can be compared to required discharge to
determine system adequacy (performance of an existing system or pressure available at
the top of a standpipe).

4.3.1 Calculating the System

From this point on, calculations proceed automatically. First, the input data is checked
for several kinds of errors such as a pipe with the same node number at both ends, or a
node that is not connected to any pipe. If any such errors are discovered, a message
advises a return to Data Editing to correct the error. (Data checking ceases when the
first error is found, so even after it is corrected, more errors may be discovered on the
next data review.)

After data checking, calculations begin and usually last just a few seconds (with today’s
fast machines). The calculation process considers such factors as the number of nodes
and pipes, use of special devices (a fire pump, meter, backflow preventer, or pressure
reducer), requests for automatic peaking and end head minimum. With a fire pump and
fixed pressure loss devices, extra calculations determine which is the suction node and
discharge node, inlet node and outlet node.

HASS uses a generalized Newton formula to solve the nonlinear Hazen-Williams

equation or the Darcy-Weisbach equation for water flow in pipes. HASS balances each
system by measuring the flow through all pipes simultaneously, and finding the
difference in the pressure between the two ends of every pipe. Although the true
mathematical solution can only be approached by performing an infinite number of
iterations, from an engineering point of view we are content to know that the pressures
and flows are reasonably close to the true mathematical solution. The calculation
proceeds until the calculation imbalance limit (page 4-24) is reached.

When calculations are completed, the sprinkler data file is updated with calculated
pressures and the remote area location. The results are presented for review on the
screen, at which point you can return to the edit mode to modify the entry data or print
the results (either detailed for submittal, or quick for further review).

To return to data editing, click File|Edit or the Edit button.

To print a copy of the results, click File|Print or the Printer icon button.