San Francisco High School

Senior High School

Influences of Social Media Exposure on the Behavior of the

Students in San Francisco High School during the Covid-19

Pandemic

A Qualitative Research Proposal

Presented to the Senior High School
San Francisco High School
Quezon City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Subject
Research in Daily Life 1

PROPOSED BY:

BONGALOS, Austin Miguel Z.

BANDONG, Cedric

CASTILLO, Xedric Elmo S.

CASINGAL, John Philip Emmanuel B.

CALONG, Miguel T.

STEM- CIRCINUS

JUNE 2021

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Without the generous assistance and support of many people, this paper

would not be possible. The researchers would want to express their

gratitude to each and every one of them.

The researchers would give thanks to God for his continuous guidance

and blessings during our research project, which enabled us to

successfully conclude the report.

The researchers are also deeply grateful to family, friends, classmates,

and other individuals who had helped us come up with ideas to finish and

conduct the study. We owe our hearts to you.

Finally, we thank our research teacher, Mr. Padilla, who assisted us in

improving our paper and provided us with invaluable advice throughout

our research. The researchers are grateful for everything he had

provided and for his guidance, which has been with us every time we

needed them.

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 DEDICATION

Our study is dedicated to our own family and many friends. We owe a

special debt of gratitude to our devoted parents, whose words of

encouragement and insistence on perseverance still ring even to this day.

Our friends, who never have left our side and you all, are very special to

us.

This research is also dedicated:

To our siblings who helped us during the process.

To our teacher who constantly checks our studies for this to increase

quality.

To the Front liners who battle the notorious Covid-19 disease.

To God the almighty, throughout our research effort, you have provided

us with constant guidance and blessings.

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 ABSTRACT

COVID-19 has quickly expanded over the world since its outbreak in

January 2020, becoming a global pandemic. Social media platforms have

been identified as key tools for health-promoting activities in public

health, and social media usage is widespread. During a pandemic like

COVID-19, however, nothing is known about the implications of social

media use on health promotion.

Several researchers have already undertaken studies into the effects of

social media exposure on student behavior. The researchers conducted a

study titled "Influences of Social Media Exposure on the Behavior of

Students at San Francisco High School during the Covid-19 Pandemic" In

this study, the researchers aimed to find a significant relationship

between social media and students’ behavior or academic performance.

The researchers wanted to see if there was a link between social media

and student behavior or academic achievement in this study.

This study will employ phenomenology as a qualitative research design.

The researchers will use purposive sampling in addition to the typical

case sampling technique.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE...................................................................................I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................II

DEDICATION .............................................................................III

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................V

LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................VI

Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study ................................................ 8

Statement of the Study ................................................ 11
Significance of the Study .............................................. 13
Scope and Delimitation ................................................. 14
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

Social Media Origin and their Uses ................................. 16

Foreign Literature ................................................. 17
Local Literature ..................................................... 18
Social Media Users ....................................................... 19
Foreign Literature .................................................. 20
Local Literature ...................................................... 22
Education and Students on Social Media ......................... 24
Foreign Studies ……………………………………………………………
Local Studies…………………………………………………………………. 25
Synthesis..................................................................... 26
Conceptual Framework................................................... 27
Assumptions of the Study .............................................. 28

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 Definition of Terms .......................................................
Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

Research Design........................................................... 33
Research Locale............................................................ 34
Research Sampling Technique .......................................
Research Instruments .................................................. 35
Construction ...............................................................
Validation .................................................................. 36
Data Collection Procedure ............................................ 37
Data Analysis Procedure ............................................... 37

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................VII

CURRICULUM VITAE ...............................................................VIII

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 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Page no.

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 26

2 Data Collection Procedure 38

3 Data Analysis Procedure 39

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 CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The world has developed so much in the modern era, especially in

the field of technology. We have become more exposed to the internet

and its offers, such as the Social Networking Sites (SNS) or social media.

Raghavendra et al. (2018) stated that our lives, specifically the students,

are heavily affected by technology and the internet as it is becoming part

of our daily routine in the 21st century. People cannot live without cell

phones anymore, for it has become an essential device we are using

every day. Additionally, we must not ignore its drastic effects during the

Covid-19 pandemic that led to lockdowns. According to Meo et al.

(2020), "The lockdown includes isolation at homes, travel restrictions,

and termination of all public events." Many policies last year were

implemented, such as the community quarantines to reduce the negative

impacts of the coronavirus. During the quarantine, our gadgets became

our companions. Due to the apparent influences of social media in this

century, the researchers aim to study the consequences of social media

exposure on students' behavior in San Francisco High School during the

Covid-19 pandemic.

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 To clarify the uses of social media, Nielsen (2017) described it as

"computer-mediated technology facilitating the growth and sharing of

ideas, awareness, career interests, information, and other methods of

expression through social networks and virtual communities." Similar

studies conducted about the topic both internationally and locally

grouped the influences into two categories-- positive and negative.

Various researchers in their studies mention the positive and

negative effects of social media. Some of those researchers are Abbas et

al. (2019), they expounded that the positive influences of social media

exposure include improved communication skills, digital social

interactions with various people such as families, friends, etc. that help

establish relationships, political and social awareness, and information

sharing. All of these directly or indirectly affect students' behaviors in

school. Moreover, Abbas et al. (2019) presented in their study that

students can benefit from several social media applications under

education and the likes.

On the other hand, the cons of social media exposure involve

developing mental health issues and mental illnesses. This is a saddening

result significantly because mental health tremendously affects one's

academic performance. Malita (2011) remarked that the cause of wasted

time in technology is that other students consume social media overly.

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One adverse impact of social media exposure includes difficulty in

transitioning from informal writing (one that is usually used in social

media) to formal writing (what is required in academia), said Hossain et

al. (2019). Lastly, Abbas et al. (2019) noted that the cause of "dull or

irritable behavior" of students is the unhealthy consumption of social

media that makes them "emotionally and physically imbalanced.”

In conclusion, the influences of social media exposure specifically in

behavior, discussed by Jain (2018) are:

 Creative mindset exercised through exploring with others;

 Less fear of rejection resulting in becoming more vocal;

 Becoming more efficient, adaptable, and disciplined in

different aspects of life;

 Difficulty in interacting with others face-to-face and

becoming more antisocial in real life;

 Irritable and impatient behavior;

 People are becoming more gullible in fake news;

 Becoming more violent and rude;

 Anxiety, depression and other mental health issues; and

 Developing insecurity and people-pleasing personality.

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Based on all the information presented above, our research's objective is

to contribute knowledge regarding the topic. Also, since many studies

have already been published regarding the concept, the researchers

intend to specifically investigate the effects of social media revolving

around the two contexts: senior high school students and covid-19

pandemic. In doing research, it is vital to cover a different approach that

is not commonly analyzed. Lastly, one of the study's purposes is to

explore the contexts mentioned above to provide apprehension and

enlightenment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In today's society, the use of social media by individuals is playing an

important role in learners' lives, but there has been widespread abuse of

its use among students. Students, especially those in adolescence, are

prone to mood swings and poor self-control, which could have a negative

impact on their appearance and frequently cause frustration or distress

about their personality as individuals. As such, this study aims to

determine the Influences of Social Media Exposure on the Behavior

of the Students in San Francisco High School during the Covid-19

Pandemic.

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 The general problem is specified below:

1. How may Social Media Exposure of San Francisco High School

students be described in terms of:

1.1. Time spent on social media;

1.2. Type of social media website; and

1.3. Social media environment?

2. How may the behavior of San Francisco High School students be

described in terms of:

2.1. Actions;

2.2. Academic performance; and

2.3. Attitude or feelings when browsing?

3. What drives San Francisco High School students’ social media

usage?

4. What implications may arise from the results of this study to

improve positive behavioral management when using social media?

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study is that it allows the academic

audience to understand and have meaningful insight into the influences

of social media on the behavior of a high school student. The results of

this research could be highly beneficial since it should provide relevant

information, especially to the following:

Students. This study refers to the students who use social media

in some form. They are the main subject of this research. This study will

attempt to give crucial information to allow students to modify and

adjust their routines accordingly.

Parents. Mainly parents of K-12 students. This study will give

parents an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of social

media use.

Teachers. This research refers to professional teachers of the K-

12 System. In this study, they will know the impacts of social media

exposure on the students' behavior. This study will significantly benefit

teachers due to them coming across students every day.

Future researchers. This study will benefit future researchers

since they can use the information and results for references related to

their future research.

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 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study entitled "Influences of Social Media Exposure on the

behavior of the Students in San Francisco High School during the Covid-

19 Pandemic" will be conducted in San Francisco High School in Quezon

City. Fifty (50) Grade 7 to 12 students of the academic year 2020-2021

are the chosen participants of the study. This study aims to know the

influence of social media (such as Facebook, Messenger, Instagram,

Twitter, and Tiktok) on students' behavior in San Francisco High School

during the Covid-19 pandemic

The study intends to specifically investigate the effects of social

media revolving around the two contexts: senior high school students

and the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers selected Grade 7 to 12 as

the research seeks to determine the influence of social media exposure

on students' behavior. The researchers' mentioned objectives were

chosen by the researchers to nuance the contexts provided to

understand the topic better and perhaps find answers that have not been

given in previous studies. Moreover, the participants who are from San

Francisco High School were chosen because the researchers can easily

and conveniently access and reach out to them. Lastly, the specification

of the influences during Covid-19 is due to the application of what is

currently happening around us. It is also for the researchers to only

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explore from the beginning of the pandemic to narrow down the

research.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, local

and foreign-related to Social Media Exposure's Influences on the

Students' Behavior in San Francisco High School during the Covid-19

Pandemic.

LITERATURE

These reviewed articles were taken from different websites, articles,

memos, books, journals, and magazines. The pieces of information

obtained have helped the researchers in their studies. Below are local

and foreign-related pieces of literature that the researchers have used as

bases of this study.

SOCIAL MEDIA ORIGINS AND THEIR USES

Social media is a channel of media that takes place on the

internet. Users can hold conversations, share information, and produce

web content on social media sites. Blogs, microblogs, wikis, social

networking sites, photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing

sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual worlds, and other types of social media

exist. Social media began to connect with friends and family, but it was

quickly adopted by businesses looking to reach out to customers through

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a popular new communication tool. The ability to connect and share

information with anyone on the planet or with a large number of people

at once is the power of social media.

Foreign Literature

The University of South Florida (n.d.) defined Social Media as an

internet-based form of communication. Social media platforms allow

users to have conversations, share information, and create web content.

There are many forms of social media, including blogs, micro-blogs,

wikis, social networking sites, photo-sharing sites, instant messaging,

video-sharing sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual worlds, and more. Billions

of people around the world use social media to share information and

make connections. On a personal level, social media allows you to

communicate with friends and family, learn new things, develop your

interests, and be entertained. On a professional level, you can use social

media to broaden your knowledge in a particular field and build your

professional network by connecting with other professionals in your

industry. Social media allows you to have a conversation with your

audience at the company level, gain customer feedback, and elevate

your brand. Because social media has taken the world by storm, it allows

us to stay connected with friends, find information quickly, and expand

businesses, and more.

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Local Literature

According to Cruz, F., & Jamias, S. B. (2013), More than 30 years ago,

social scientists William Garvey and Belver Griffith introduced a model

that argues that communication — formal and informal — is the

"essence" of science. Since the development of this model, emerging

information technologies have dramatically altered and enhanced

scientists' options for communication (Hurd, 2000). Among the

technologies that gave shape to what science communication is today

are the so-called "social communication technologies" — elaborated by

Koo et al. in 2011 as any technology used for social purpose, which

includes social hardware (e.g., telephone), social software (e.g., instant

messenger, video conferencing, e-mail), and social media (e.g., blogs,

Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, etc.). The role of social media in

communication has become so globally popular and important that, as of

2011, 84 percent of Fortune 100 firms are using at least one of the four

most popular social media platforms (Barnes and Lescault, 2011).

Because of the rise of social media, many different social networking

sites are available today, and many of them may be connected to

facilitate cross-posting. This offers an ecosystem in which users can

communicate with the most significant number of individuals possible

while maintaining the familiarity of one-on-one contact.

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 SOCIAL MEDIA USERS

According to an article at HootSuite, a social media target audience is the

specific group of people you want to reach with your social channels.

They are the people who are most likely to be interested in your content,

products, or services. They are likely united by some common

characteristics, like demographics and behaviors. The target audiences

are those who are the envisioned customers of consumers of a certain

product or service. In the case of social media, their target audiences are

their envisioned users. These groups of people in society are the most

expected ones who will maximize the usage of such sites. A social media

target audience is a group of people you've identified that you want to

appeal to. This can be based on demographics such as age, job title,

income level, education, location, or behavior. Your social media target

audience consists of the most likely people interested in your product.

This states that the general audience of social media could eventually

talk about all sorts of people. The reality is, regardless of age, job title,

gender, location, or whatsoever factor, almost all people have been using

social media. They are interested in it because they can also use it for

nearly everything. Both ends of the spectrum are viewed as social media

applications like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Messenger, YouTube, and

many more.

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Foreign Literature

Teens as Social Media Audience

A health and lifestyle article on Mayo Clinic titled "Tween and Teens on

Social Media" stated that Social media is a big part of many teens' lives.

A 2018 Pew Research Center survey of nearly 750 13- to 17-year-olds

found that 45% are online almost constantly, and 97% use a social

media platform, such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, or Snapchat.

But what impact does social media use have on teens? Social media

allows teens to create online identities, communicate with others, and

build social networks. These networks can provide teens with valuable

support, especially helping those who experience exclusion or have

disabilities or chronic illnesses. From these data above, we can safely

conclude that teens are stapled audiences and users of social media.

After that, most of them build rapport and bonds with other people

outside of their circles. They savor the support that their internet friends

and followers give them. In short, their sense of validity among

themselves is heavily influenced by social media.

Adults as social media audience

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The Khoros released a 2021 Social Media Demographics guide. According

to it, 42% of the world's population — a whopping 3.2 billion people —

use social media. That’s a lot of social media demographic research to

sort through when you want to zero in on understanding audience

characteristics of specific networks — and we know the last thing a social

marketer has is time to spare. That’s why we’ve done all the heavy lifting

for you.

Here are the population of adults that have been using social media as of

2021 on different applications:

Facebook- 77% of people ages 30-49 use Facebook

51% of people ages 50-65 use Facebook

34% of people that are 65+ years old use Facebook

Instagram- 47% of people ages 30-49 use Instagram

23% of people ages 50-64 use Instagram

8% of people that are 65+ years old use Instagram

Twitter- 26% of people ages 30-49 use Twitter

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17% of people ages 50-64 use Twitter

7% of people that are 65+ years old use Twitter

Youtube-71% of people ages 26-35 use YouTube

67% of people ages 36-45 use YouTube

66% of people ages 46-55 use YouTube

58% of people that are 56+ years old use YouTube

The findings that we can extract based on these figures are that adults

aged 30-65+ years old vary across different platforms. Some have

higher percentages like Facebook and YouTube. At the same time, the

remaining two of the most used social media applications both have

lower adult audiences. Delving deeper into it, several factors might cause

this discrepancy. First, adults may find Facebook and YouTube more

useful for their needs compared to Instagram and Twitter. Another might

be that the contents from the opposite spectrums may be different, and

adults prefer the two over the other duo.

Local Literature

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According to Shtern, J., Hill, S., & Chan, D. (2019), The popularity of

social media platforms in the Philippines has led to the country being

referred to as the "social media capital of the world," a label that was

repeated by many of our interview respondents. This claim is supported

by academic reports of the outsized use of social media by the Filipino

population (Hjorth & Arnold, 2013; Soriano, Roldan, Cheng, & Oco,

2016) and industry coverage that places the Philippines at the top of

global rankings for social media use (We Are Social & Hootsuite, 2017).

In addition, Filipino audiences have tended to be interested in cultural

products that mimic or hybridize content from more affluent societies,

including OECD Western countries, South Korea, and Japan.

DataSpring also states that the biggest group of social media users

in the Philippines is in the 18-24 age range - university to early career

age - making up 33 percent of active users or around 21 million users.

With this, it's interesting to note how intertwined social media platform

Facebook, in particular, is with both the user's social/personal life and

academic life. With this in mind, we can conclude that most younger

Filipinos have been exposed to Social Media, and the number of people

using the internet is steadily increasing. However, it's difficult to predict

what the country's digital future will look like with many trends coming

and disappearing.

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 STUDIES

These reviewed studies were taken from different studies published and

unpublished. The pieces of information obtained have helped the

researchers in their research. Below are local and foreign-related studies

that the researchers have used as bases of this study.

EDUCATION AND STUDENTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media is so strongly associated with young people that many

people believe that is where they now spend the majority of their time.

There is also a lot of ambiguity and concern about how social media will

affect young people's education and wellbeing in the long run. Related

studies below will give additional information about the subject.

Foreign Studies

According to UCL Press European Research Council (ERC), Parents from

the least economically developed field sites (Brazil, China, and the rural

component of our south India field site)14 are beset by marked financial

inequalities. They often expressed a general frustration at the failings of

local schools to equip students properly with the skills and knowledge

required for success in formal education, work, and life more generally.

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In response, many young people were inventively appropriating social

media to provide supplementary means of learning and networking that

they believed would contribute to their education. Using these

advantages of social media, Students are using different platforms such

as YouTube and Khan Academy to mitigate perceived failings in

education.

Local Studies

In 2017, Dumpit, D.Z., Fernandez, C.J. studies show that the Findings of

previous studies (Balakrishnan & Gan, 2016; Schlenkrich & Sewry, 2012;

Sobaih, Moustafa, Ghandforoush, & Khan, 2016) revealed that social

media has a great potential for improving learning experience through

active interaction and collaboration. However, two significant gaps need

to be further investigated. First, users' (e.g., students) behavioral

intention to use social media is unclear. Second, to the best of our

knowledge, few studies have been conducted on social media and its

acceptance/rejection in emerging countries like the Philippines. The issue

has grown important in the light of the recent changes in the business

environment (e.g., competitiveness) and advancement in technology in

these emerging economies. For example, the Philippines have 48 million

active social media users, with a social media penetration of 47% in

2016 (Kemp, 2016). Therefore, to ensure the successful adoption of

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social media, it can be argued that there is a need to investigate what

drives users to accept or reject social media, particularly in these

economies. With this in mind, we can say that today's students are

digitally knowledgeable and proactive in their use of ICTs. Moreover, as

they take responsibility for their own learning, they are considered active

producers of information.

Synthesis:

The researchers maximized the Conceptual type of framework to lay

down the essential backbone summary of this study. By means of using

this kind of framework, researchers utilized the existing concepts related

to the topic which was about the Influence of Social Media Usage to the

Academic Performance and Psychological Behaviour of the Students in

San Francisco High School.

The researchers devoted time to ask the firsthand experiences of the

students in San Francisco High School about the Influence of Social

Media Usage through an Interview. The interview also became the

instrument to determine the students' Length of Social Media Usage in

Hours and their current Academic Grades. After getting these variables,

the researchers finally had sufficient information with the help of existing

concepts to evaluate the Academic Performance and the Psychological

Behaviors of the students involved in the interview.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1: Conceptual framework about Influence of Social Media

Usage to the Academic Performance and Psychological Behavior

of the Students in San Francisco High School

Based on the figure 1.1, the researchers knew the influence of the

variable Social Media Usage through conducting Interviews. At the same

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time, the Interview was also conducted to ask the participants about the

Length of their Social Media Usage in Hours and the students' current

Academic Grades. From these, the researchers assessed the Academic

Performance and Psychological Behavior of the students engaged with

using social media.

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

The researchers asked certain numbers of students in San Francisco High

School about the influences of social media on their behaviors. Where

the following common assumptions are found:

● Students wake up late in the morning due to excessive use of

social media during mid-night.

● Students are aware that sometimes they forget to do their chores

because of social media.

● Time management is key to avoiding over use of social media.

● Fake news is notorious since they are all over social media hence

making some students believe in them.

● Social media became part of every student's daily life.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To provide information on the list of important words presented in this

research, the researchers arranged a glossary of important words to get

a better understanding of our research:

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 Applications - a formal request to an authority for something.

 Blogs - a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run

by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or

conversational style.

 Cross-posting - the posting of a message, link, image, etc., to

more than one online location.

 Envision - imagine as a future possibility; visualize.

 Hardware - tools, machinery, and other durable equipment.

 Influencers - a person with the ability to influence potential

buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the

items on social media.

 IT or Information Technology - the study or use of systems

(especially computers and telecommunications) for storing,

retrieving, and sending information

 Podcasts - a digital audio file made available on the internet for

downloading to a computer or mobile device, typically available as

a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers

automatically.

 Social media - a computer-based technology that facilitates the

sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of

virtual networks and communities. By design, social media is

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 Internet-based and gives users quick electronic communication of

content.

● Software - the programs and other operating information used by

a computer.

● Social media Platforms - is defined as web-based and mobile-

based Internet Application that allows the creation, access and

exchange of user-generated content. ... In such an event, you will

promptly remove Content from the Social Media Platform upon

Diversity Photos' request.

● Student’s behavior - What the student does that is observable &

measurable.

● Virtual worlds – aka virtual space - is a computer-simulated

environment which may be populated by many users who can

create a personal avatar, and simultaneously and independently

explore the virtual world, participate in its activities and

communicate with others. These avatars can be textual, graphical

representations, or live video avatars with auditory and touch

sensations.

Some world-renowned social media platforms:

● Facebook - Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow

Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew

McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, its name comes

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 from the face book directories often given to American university

students. Membership was initially limited to Harvard students,

gradually expanding to other North American universities and,

since 2006, anyone over 13 years old. As of 2020, Facebook

claimed 2.8 billion monthly active users, and ranked seventh in

global internet usage. It was the most downloaded mobile app of

the 2010s.

● Google+ - a social network owned and operated by Google. The

network was launched on June 28, 2011, in an attempt to

challenge other social networks, linking other Google products like

Google Drive, Blogger and YouTube. The service, Google's fourth

foray into social networking, experienced strong growth in its initial

years, although usage statistics varied, depending on how the

service was defined. Three Google executives oversaw the service,

which underwent substantial changes that led to a redesign in

November 2015.

● Instagram – aka IG - an American photo and video sharing social

networking service created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. In

April 2012, Facebook acquired the service for approximately US$1

billion in cash and stock. The app allows users to upload media that

can be edited with filters and organized by hash tags and

geographical tagging. Posts can be shared publicly or with pre-

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 approved followers. Users can browse other users' content by tags

and locations and view trending content. Users can like photos and

follow other users to add their content to a personal feed.

● Twitter - an American micro blogging and social networking

service on which users post and interact with messages known as

"tweets". Registered users can post, like, and retweet tweets, but

unregistered users can only read them. Users access Twitter

through its website interface or its mobile-device application

software ("app"), though the service could also be accessed via

SMS before April 2020. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco,

California, and has more than 25 offices around the world.

● YouTube - an American online video sharing and social media

platform launched by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim

in February 2005. Around the world, its users watch more than one

billion hours of videos each day. YouTube content creators,

popularly referred to as YouTubers, upload over 100 hours of

content per minute.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researchers will outline the research design,

research setting, sampling technique, selection of participants, an

instrument used, construction of the instrument, validation of the

instrument, and data analysis.

Research Design

Qualitative research design phenomenology will be used for this study.

Creswell (2013) defined phenomenology as an approach to qualitative

research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a

particular group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a

description of the nature of the particular phenomenon. Qualitative

research design phenomenology will be used for this study. The

researchers identified this study to be qualitative, for they will gain the

information needed about their study through interviews and surveys to

gain information and insights about the topic of this study. This study is

also a research phenomenology because the researchers will focus on

studying and analyzing the point of view of certain people to gather the

information needed to complete the question of their research.

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 Research Locale

Given that the globe is at a halt due to the worldwide pandemic,

the researchers will have difficulty gathering the data they require for

this study. Traditional methods of gathering information, such as face-to-

face meetings and interviews, are currently prohibited due to the risk of

harming each participant in this study. Instead, the researchers

compromised and found means to obtain the data they require to prove

their study idea. They’ll make use of today’s technologies, such as online

messaging, online video calls, online survey forms, and so on. They will

contact and inquire about the individuals they have chosen to obtain the

information they require for their investigation over the internet and

other communication platforms.

Research Sampling Technique

The researchers will be using purposive sampling along with the

Typical case sampling strategy for this study. This strategy is often used

when the units of analysis are large,

. The participants of the study should fulfill the following criteria:

1. The participants must be a student from San Francisco High

School.

Page 34 of 46
 2. The participants must be individuals who use social media.

3. The participants must have at least a month of experience of using

social media.

Research Instruments

The researchers will be using an online survey as their primary

instrument for collecting data. Online questionnaires is the preferable

method of data collection in this time of pandemic. It is best to use

online questionnaires since this research aims to know the respondents

about their lifestyle and academic performance. This instrument will be

used because online questionnaires yield the best type data for this kind

of qualitative research. The online form survey will be given out to those

who meet the criteria. This will contain the name of the respondent, their

grade and section, and survey questionnaires. After getting 50

respondents, the data will immediately be recorded and analyzed for a

more detailed documentation.

Construction. This study will use online questionnaires by means of

gathering primary data. The interview questionnaires will be developed

by using the Statement of the Problem. The questionnaires will be

divided into four components:

Page 35 of 46
 a) This part will contain questions about the basic biographical

questions of the participants.

b) This part will contain questions about the importance of social

media to the participants.

c) This part will contain questions about the length of the

participants’ daily social media consumption in hours.

d) This part will contain questions about the academic performance

and psychological behavior of the participants.

Validation. One of the main goals of the survey is to examine the

correlation of data and ensure that the given survey form, data

procedure, and data analysis are correctly done. The researchers will

prepare the survey questionnaires. To confirm the validity of their

instrument, the research procedure will need to be validated by a

professional. In this way, the survey questionnaires will be assessed if

their questions and possible results are answerable and reliable. The

researchers will also ask for suggestions if there are any changes

needed. If the instrument is validated, the researchers will ask for

further instructions.

Page 36 of 46
 Data Collection Procedure

The responses of the students would be gathered by the use of

survey questionnaires in which pre-determined questions are given to

them. In this case, Google form would be used as a survey to record the

responses/answers of the interview and the form should be distributed to

respondents who meet the criteria online.

Figure 2: Data collection procedure about Influence of Social

Media Usage to the Academic Performance and Psychological

Behavior of the Students in San Francisco High School

Data Analysis Procedure

Afterwards, a transcript copy of the responses would be written once the

distribution has been conducted. The researchers will conduct a thorough

examination of the information gathered. For the researchers to

understand how this study affects the participants, every response from

the participants must be evaluated. In providing the overall data

analysis, a summary video presentation would be presented.

Page 37 of 46
Figure 3: Data analysis procedure about Influence of Social Media

Usage to the Academic Performance and Psychological Behavior

of the Students in San Francisco High School

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among the Five

Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. (pp. 78 – 83, 158)

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talking to people on the computer”: Outcomes of a home-based intervention to develop

social media skills in youth with disabilities living in rural communities. Research in

Developmental Disabilities, 76, 110–123.

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[Link]

Meo, S. A., Abukhalaf, A. A., Alomar, A. A., AlMutairi, F. J., Usmani, A. M., &

Klonoff, D. C. (2020). Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality during

2020 pandemic: observational analysis of 27 countries. European Journal of Medical

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Learning Behavior for Sustainable Education: Evidence of Students from Selected

Universities in Pakistan. Sustainability, 11(6), 1683.

[Link]

Malita, L. (2011). Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer

Science, 3, 747–753.

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Electronic Word-Of-Mouth to Social Networking Sites: A Sustainable Chatter of New

Digital Social Media. Sustainability, 11(3), 759.

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Newberry, C. (2020). How to Find and Target Your Social Media Audience (Free

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1%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%[Link]%2Ftarget-market%2F

Khoros. (2018-2021). The 2021 Social Media Demographics. (Khoros Website)

[Link]

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f%20people,be%20interested%20in%20your%20product.

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am%20or%20Snapchat

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Miller, D., Costa, E., Haynes, N., McDonald, T., Nicolescu, R., Sinanan, J., . . . Wang, X.

(2016). How the World Changed Social Media. London: UCL Press.

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University of the Philippines Los Baños. First Monday, Volume 18, Number 4 - 1 April

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doi:10.5210/fm.v18i4.4296

Page 41 of 46
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Bongalos, Austin Miguel Z.

 322 Nawasa Road, Area 1, Brgy. Pasong Tamo, Q.C.

 09396028087
bongalos.136513090081@[Link]

Personal Background:

Age: 17 years old Religion: Roman Catholic

Birthday: September 3, 2003 Birthplace: Manila
Civil Status: Single Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background:

Primary: New Era Elementary School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City

2012 – 2016

JHS : New Era High School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City

2016 – 2020

SHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

2020 – Present

Page 42 of 46
Bandong, Cedric O.
 5 Don Narciso St., Don Enrique Heights, Brgy. Holy
Spirit, Q.C.
 09474275276
Bandong.136513090050@[Link]

Personal Background:

Age: 17 years old Religion: Roman Catholic

Birthday: May 20, 2004. Birthplace: Quezon City
Civil Status: Single Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background:

Primary: New Era Elementary School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City
2012 – 2016

JHS : New Era High School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City
2016 – 2020

SHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
2020 – Present

Page 43 of 46
Casingal, John Phillip Emmanuel B.
 A 6 Lily st, Area 9 Veterans Village,Barangay Pasong Tamo Q,C.
 09617524706
casingal.136544090281@[Link]

Personal Background:

Age: 18 years old Religion: Roman Catholic

Birthday: June 22, 2002 Birthplace: Manila
Civil Status: Single Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background:

Primary: Holy Spirit Elementary School

Artillery Rd, Quezon City, Metro Manila
2012 – 2016

JHS : Judge Feliciano Belmonte Sr. High School

AFP Rd, Quezon City, Metro Manila
2016 – 2020

SHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
2020 – Present

Page 44 of 46
Castillo, Xedric Elmo S.
 24-d Hereford Street, proj-8, barangay Bahay toro, Q.C
 09668873692
castillo.136513090124@[Link]

Personal Background:

Age: 17 years old Religion: Iglesia ni Cristo

Birthday: February 21, 2004 Birthplace: Metro Manila
Civil Status: Single Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background:

Primary: New Era Elementary School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City
2012 – 2016

JHS : New Era High School

Tandang Sora Ave. New Era, Quezon City
2016 – 2020

SHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
2020 – Present

Page 45 of 46
Calong, Miguel T.
 92 Dahlia St. Brgy. Ocs Diliman Quezon City
 09451756745
calong.136574090080@[Link]

Personal Background:

Age: 17 years old Religion: Roman Catholic

Birthday: April 21, 2004 Birthplace:
Civil Status: Single Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background:

Primary: San Vicente Elementary School

1-C Maayusin, Diliman, Lungsod Quezon, Kalakhang Maynila

JHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City

SHS : San Francisco High School

Misamis St. Bago Bantay Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon City
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
2020 – Present

Page 46 of 46