CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

STRUCTURES OF CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS

 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
STRUCTURES OF CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS
Construction process is the combination of
processes or arts involved in constructing; the
act of supplying, fixing, installing, fabrication,
composition and other activities that are
necessary in the course of executing
construction tasks
The construction process isn’t just how you
build something, It’s all the steps involved
around the building of something
Bringing everything together
can be like trying to conduct an
orchestra. Get it right and the
music is beautiful. Get it wrong
and you’ve got a bag of
screeching cats.
➢ Conception - Planning and development, sometimes called
project conception, is the very beginning of the construction
process.
➢ Design - The design process is where the impossible (or at least
impossibly expensive) dreams of your client meet what is actually
doable.
➢ Pre-construction - This is the “getting ready to start building”
phase. Project team includes contract administrator, project
manager, superintendent, and field engineer.
➢ Procurement - Procurement is simply the buying (or renting) of
all the stuff needed for the construction project.
➢ Construction - Now the project finally moves from paper (or
more accurately, a CAD drawing) to the physical world.
➢ Post-construction - Now you have to inspect everything. The
final checklist, called a project punch list, has to be signed off on
before the client moves in.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
STRUCTURES OF CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS
 DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
TEAM
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
In the modern industrialized world,
construction usually involves the translation of
d e s i g n s i n t o r e a l i t y. A f o r m a l d e s i g n t e a m m a y
be assembled to plan the physical proceedings,
and to integrate those proceedings with the
other parts.

Design is a process of creating the

d e s c r i p t i o n o f a n e w f a c i l i t y, u s u a l l y
represented by detailed plans and
specifications.

Construction planning is a process of

identifying activities and resources required
to make the design a physical reality
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
Client
L O C A L AU T H O R I T I E S
engineers
a rc h i t e c t
P ro j e c t m a n ag e r
Q u a n t i t y s u rv e yo r
L a n d s u rv e yo r
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
CLIENT
A person for whom a project is carried out, in
the course of furtherance of a trade, business
or undertaking, or who undertakes a project
directly in the course or furtherance of such
trade, business or undertaking
C l i e n t s ro l e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
▪ Ensure that suitable management arrangements are made for the
project
▪ Select & appoint a competent and resourced Principal Designer,
contractor, etc.
▪ Notify the relevant enforcing authority of certain projects.
▪ Ensure sufficient time and resources are allowed for all stages of the
project.
▪ Provide the pre-construction information (PCI) to the designers and
contractors.
▪ Verify the sufficiency of the construction phase plan (CPP) prior to
construction commencement.
▪ Verify that suitable welfare facilities are in place prior to construction
commencement.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
LO C A L AU T H O R I T I E S
Local authorities are an administrative body in
local government.

LO C A L AU T H O R I T I E S r e s p o n s i b i l i t y

i . To w n d e v e l o p m e n t
ii. The authority to issue licenses
iii.The authority to impose taxes
iv. Construction development of buildings,
housing and commercial units
v. Carry out effective planning, designing ang
managing urban areas
vi. Control and manage traffic, including
managing the urban public transportation
system
vii.Plan and provide a better public facilities
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
ENGINEER
There are different types of engineers that are
included in construction team:

CIVIL AND
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRICAL
PLANNING
DESIGNING
ENGINEERS
CONSTRUCTING
ENCOMPASSES THE MANUFACTURE
OPERATING
AND REPAIRING OF A DIVERSE RANGE
IMPROVING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
PRODUCTS SUCH AS ENGINES,
ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS, AND OTHERS
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
P RO J E C T M A NAG E R
Construction project management ( Pr o j e c t
Manager). Construction management is a
professional services that uses specialized,
project management techniques to oversee the
planning, design, and construction of a
project, from its beginning to its end
a rc h i t e c t
Architect provides services in connection with
the design of building and the space within the
site surrounding of the buildings.
Ro l e s o f a rc h i t e c t
▪ I N C E P T I O N S TA G E
▪ D E S I G N S TA G E
▪ T E N D E R I N G S TA G E
▪ C O N S T R U C T I O N A N D M A I N T E N A N C E S TA G E
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
Q u a n t i t y s u rv e y o r
Quantity surveyors manage all costs associated
with building and civil engineering projects.
Their work is both office and site-based and
the primary goal is to minimize expenses (and
keep them within the limits of a budget)
R o l e s o f Q u a n t i t y s u rv e y o r
▪ Conducting feasibility studies to estimate
materials, time and labor costs
▪ Pr ep a ri ng , neg ot i a ti ng a nd a na lyzi ng c os t s for
tenders and contracts
▪ Coordination of work effort
▪ Advising on a range of legal and contractual issues
▪ Va l u i n g completed work and arranging for
payments
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM
L A N D S U RV E Y O R
Land surveyors do a variety of tasks such as
updating boundary lines and preparing sites for
construction so legal disputes can be prevented.
They produce plats of surveys and describe
p r o p e r t y.
Land surveying is the technique, profession, art,
and science of determining the terrestrial or three
– dimensional positions and distances and angles
between them

L A N D S U RV E Y O R r o l e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
▪ To d e t e r m i n e , m e a s u r e a n d r e p r e s e n t l a n d , t h r e e
– dimensional objects, point-fields and
trajectories
▪ to assemble and interpret land and
geographically related information,
▪ to use that information for the planning and
efficient administration of the land, the sea and
any structures thereon; and,
▪ to conduct research into the above practices and
to develop them.
FINANCIAL
ADVISOR
 FINANCIAL ADVISOR
Many construction project suffer from preventable financial problems.
Underbids ask for too little money to complete the project. Cash flow
problem exist when the present amount of funding cannot cover
current costs for labor and materials and because they are a matter of
having sufficient funds at a specific time, can arise even when the
overall total is enough. The construction industry has some unique
financial processes that make it different
from other industries. Therefore, financial
advisor are extremely valuable to companies.

Financial Advisors - a finance professional

who provides consulting and advise about an
individual finances. They can help
companies or individuals to reach their
financial goals by providing strategies and
ways to create wealth and reduce cost or
eliminate debts.
 FINANCIAL ADVISOR

FINANCIAL PLANNING

It is a process of framing objectives,

policies, procedures, programmes and
budgets regarding the financial activities of
a concern. This ensures effective and
adequate financial and investment policies.
Also it intended to ensure that a solid plan
is in place before the project is started and
properly executed over the life of the
project.
 FINANCIAL ADVISOR
Participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the construction project
BANKERS – the presence of bankers are
highly even in relatively small projects,
s i n c e t h e o w n e r ’s e q u i t y i n t h e p r o p e r t y i s
the most obvious source of funding for a
project.
FINANCIAL CONTROLLERS – study the
expected monetary flow over the life of the
project, and monitor the payouts throughout
the process.
COST ENGINEERS – apply expertise to relate
the work and materials involved to a proper
valuation. Cost overruns with government
projects have occurred when the contractor
was able to identify change orders or
changes in project resulting up large
increases in cost.
 LEGAL
CONSIDERATION
 LEGAL CONSIDERATION
A construction project must fit into the legal framework
g o v e r n i n g t h e p r o p e r t y. T h e s e i n c l u d e g o v e r n m e n t a l
r e g u l a t i o n s o n t h e u s e o f p r o p e r t y, a n d o b l i g a t i o n s t h a t
are created in the process of construction. The project
must adhere to zoning and building code requirements.
Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes will
n o t b e n e f i t t h e o w n e r.
A construction project is a complex net of
contracts and other legal obligations, each of
which must be carefully considered. A contract is
the exchange of a set of obligations between two
or more parties, but it is not so simple a matter
as trying to get the other side to agree to as much
as possible in exchange for as little as possible.
 LEGAL CONSIDERATION
The time element in construction means that a delay
c o s t s m o n e y, a n d i n c a s e s o f b o t t l e n e c k s , t h e d e l a y c a n
be extremely expensive.

Thus, the contracts must be designed to ensure

that each side is capable of performing the
obligations set out. Contracts that set out clear
expectations and clear paths to accomplishing
those expectations are far more likely to result in
t h e p r o j e c t f l o w i n g s m o o t h l y, w h e r e a s p o o r l y
drafted contracts lead to confusion and
collapse.
 LEGAL CONSIDERATION
Legal advisors in the beginning of a construction project
seek to identify ambiguities and other potential sources
of trouble in the contract structure, and to present
options for preventing problems.

Throughout the process of the project, they work

to avoid and resolve conflicts that arise. In each
case, the lawyer facilitates an exchange of
obligations that matches the reality of the
project.
 LEGAL CONSIDERATION
3 ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT Something of legal value:
▪ Consideration ▪ Money
▪ Offer ▪ Object
▪ Acceptance ▪ Service

M U T U A L I T Y C O N S I D E R AT I O N - R e q u i r e s t h a t b o t h s i d e s
agree to something that for a bilateral contract to
be enforceable
INTERACTION
OF EXPERTISE
 INTERACTION OF EXPERTISE
Design, finance, and legal aspects
overlap and interrelate.

▪ The design must be not only structurally sound and appropriate for the use
and location, but must also be financially possible to build, and legal to
use.

▪ The financial structure must accommodate the need for building the design
provided, and must pay amounts that are legally owed.

▪ The legal structure must integrate the design into the surrounding legal
framework, and enforce the financial consequences of the construction
process.