CHAPTER TWO 5. ∫ cot x dx.

cos θ ⅆθ
INTEGRATION CONCEPTS/FORMULAS 6. ∫ .
2 + 5sinθ
ⅆx
1. INTEGRATION OF LOGARITHMIC 7. ∫ .
√1 +x
FUNCTIONS
x3
Integrals leading to logarithms is easily 8. ∫ dx.
x2 +1
verified by differentiation
ln x
𝑑𝑢 9. ∫ dx.
d(ln u + C) = x
𝑢
sec x tan x ⅆx
Therefore, we have 10. ∫ .
sec x + 1
𝑑𝑢
I5. ∫ = ln u + C et ⅆt
𝑢 11. ∫ .
et + 2
x2 ⅆx ex + e−x
Example 1. Evaluate ∫ 12. ∫ dx.
x3+1
ex − e−x
Let u = x3 + 1
13. ∫ sec θ dθ. Multiply and divide by (sec
du = d(x3 + 1) = 3x2 dx. θ + tan θ) or (sec θ - tan θ).
Insert the factor 3 after the integral ⅆθ
sign and balance by putting its reciprocal 14. ∫ .
sin 2θ
1/3 before the sign.
sec θ tan θ ⅆθ
x2 ⅆx 1 (3)x2 ⅆx 15. ∫ .
Thus, ∫ = ∫ 2 +sec θ
x3 +1 3 x3 +1
𝟏 2. INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL
= 𝟑
ln (x 3 + 1) + C. FUNCTIONS
Integrating the differential relations
x3 +x−3 D24 and D25, we obtain the exponential
Example 2. Evaluate ∫ dx. formulas.
x+1
𝑎𝑢
Dividing the numerator by the I6 ∫ au du = + C, a > 0, a ≠ 1
denominator, we have 𝐼𝑛 𝑎
I7 ∫ eu du = eu + C.
x3 + x − 3 1
= x2 + x + 2 - . Thus,
x+1 x+1
Example 1. Evaluate ∫ e3x dx.
x3 + x − 3 1
∫ dx = ∫ (x2 + x + 2 - x + 1) dx In this problem, u = 3x, and
x+1
𝟏 3 𝟏 du = d(3x) = 3dx, so we
= x + x2 + 2x – ln (x – 1) + C. insert the factor 3 after the integral sign
𝟑 𝟐 and neutralize it by putting its reciprocal
1/3 before the sign.
PROBLEM SET No. 3 𝟏
4 ⅆx
∫ e3x dx = (1/3) ∫ e3x (3) dx = 𝟑 e3x + C.
1. ∫ 3x+2
Example 2. Evaluate ∫ etan x sec2x dx
x ⅆx
2. ∫ x2 − 4 u = tan x, du = sec2x dx, thus
(2x+ 3) ⅆx ∫ etan x sec2x dx = etan x + C.
3. ∫ x2 +3x + 1
y+3 Example 3. Evaluate ∫ 104x dx.
4. ∫ dy.
y−1 u = 4x, du = 4dx, a = 10

Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 1

Using formula I6, we have ⅆx 𝐱
∴ ∫ = sin-1 + C.
√9−x2 𝟑
1 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝐱
∫ 104x dx = ∫ 104x (4) dx = + C.
4 𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝟏𝟎 cos θ ⅆθ
Example 2. Evaluate ∫ .
ASSIGNMENT No. 3 sin2 θ + 3
Solution: This is type I19 where
1. ∫ e5x dx.
a = √3, u = sin θ, and du = cos θ dθ.
2. ∫ e-2x dx. cos θ ⅆθ 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
Hence, ∫ = tan -1 + C.
ⅆx sin2 θ + 3 √𝟑 √𝟑
3. ∫ .
ex
(2x +3)ⅆx
4. ∫ 3ex/3 dx. Example 3. Evaluate ∫ .
x2+2x+5
Solution: This could be transformed into
5. ∫ 4x dx. two integrals of types I5 and I19.
6. ∫ ecos x sin x dx. Consequently,

7. ∫ 6ex/7 dx (2x +3)ⅆx (2x + 2 + 1)ⅆx

∫ = ∫
x2 +2x+5 x2+2x+5
8. ∫ (e2y + 1)5 e2y dy. (2x + 2)ⅆx ⅆx
2
= ∫ x2 +2x+5
+ ∫ (x +1)2 + 4
(eθ +1)
9. ∫ ⅆθ. 𝟏 𝐱 +𝟏
eθ = ln (x 2 + 2x + 5) + tan-1 + C.
𝟐 𝟐
etan θ ⅆθ
10. ∫ .
cos2 θ
PROBLEM SET No. 4
2
5eln x ⅆx
11. ∫ dx 1. ∫ .
x √16 − 𝑥2
ex ⅆx ⅆx
12. ∫ 2. ∫ .
√ex +4 √3 +2x2
13. ∫ acot θ csc2θ dθ. 2yⅆy
3. ∫ .
√1 − 4y4
3. INTEGRATION OF INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS xⅆx
4. ∫ .
4 + x2
Like the other formulas, the integrals
leading to inverse trigonometric functions ⅆy
may be verified by differentiation.
5. ∫ .
√5 − 9y2
u ⅆu (x − 5)ⅆx
d (sin-1 + C) = 2 2, and 6. ∫ .
a √a −u x2 + 5
1 𝑢 ⅆu ⅆx
d(
𝑎
Tan-1 + C ) = 2 2
𝑎 a +u
7. ∫ .
√5 + 4x − x2
We have thus verified the following (x2 − 4)ⅆx
formulas: 8. ∫ .
x2 + 4
ⅆu 𝑢 ⅆx
I18 ∫ = Sin-1 + C, (a > 0) 9. ∫ .
√a2 −u2 𝑎 √5 − 3x
ⅆu 1 𝑢 (x − 3) ⅆx
I19 ∫ = Tan-1 + C 10. ∫ .
a2 +u2 𝑎 𝑎 √x2 − 6x + 8
ⅆx sec θ tan θ ⅆθ
Example 1. Evaluate ∫ 11. ∫ .
√9−x2 1+4sec2 θ
Solution: This is type I18 where ⅆx
a = 3 and u = x. Hence, du = dx. 12. ∫ .
√x (1 − x)

Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 2

 (2x − 3)ⅆx = x ln x – x + C.
13. ∫ .
x2 + 2x + 5
Example 3. Evaluate ∫ arcsin x dx.
cot θ ⅆθ
14. ∫ .
√9 −ln2 sin θ Solution: Let u = sin-1 x, dv = dx,
e2lnθ ⅆθ
15. ∫ . du =
ⅆx
, v = x.
θ (6 + e4lnθ ) √1 − x2
4. INTEGRATION BY PARTS x ⅆx
Thus, ∫ sin-1 x dx = sin-1 x · x – ∫
Sometimes, we come across integrals √1 − x2
which could not be evaluated directly by
the standard integration formulas which = x sin-1 x + √𝟏 − 𝐱 𝟐 + C.
we have just learned. We now consider an
integration procedure which we may use for Example 4. Evaluate ∫ csc3θ dθ.
such integrals.
The formula for the differential of a Solution: Let
product is:
d(uv) = udv + vdu. u = csc θ, dv = csc2θ dθ

Integrating both sides, we shall obtain the du = - csc θ cot θ dθ, v = ∫ csc2θ dθ = -cot θ
following:
Consequently,
uv = ∫ udv + ∫ vdu.
∫ csc3dθ = (csc θ) (-cot θ) - ∫ (-cot θ) (-csc θ
Transposing, we get the formula for cot θ dθ)
integration by part.
= - csc θ cot θ - ∫ cot2θ csc θ dθ
∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu.
= - csc θ cot θ - ∫ (csc2θ – 1) csc θ dθ
Example 1. Evaluate ∫ x cos x dx.
= - csc θ cot θ - ∫ csc3θ dθ + ∫ csc θ dθ.
Solution: There is no set rule on how to
choose u and dv. Integrating and then transposing the
Experience and practice will give us middle term,
the skill to be able to choose correctly. It is
important, however, that dv must be 2∫ csc3dθ = -csc θ cot θ + ln (csc θ – cot θ) +C
chosen that ∫ dv can be evaluated. Hence,
In the above example, let ∫ csc3θ dθ
u = x, dv = cos x dx,
= ½ -csc θ cot θ + ½ ln (csc θ – cot θ) +C
du = dx v= ∫ cos x dx = sin x.
Example 5. Evaluate ∫ e2xsin x dx.
In evaluating dv, it is not necessary to
introduce a constant of integration because Solution: Let u = e2x, dv = sin x dx,
it will be taken care of in the final result.
Hence, du = 2e2xdx, v = -cos x.

∫ x cos x dx = x sin x - ∫ sin x dx. ∫ e2xsin x dx

= x sin x + cos x + C. = e2x(-cos x) - ∫ (-cos x) (2e2xdx)

Example 2. Evaluate ∫ ln x dx. = -e2xcos x + 2∫ e2xcos x dx. (1)

Solution: Let u = ln x, dv = dx, The new integral seems to be just as

complicated as the original, so let us
du = dx/x, v = x. interchange u and dv.

ⅆx We now let u = sin x, dv = e2xdx,

Thus, ∫ ln x dx = ln x · x - ∫ x·
x
du = cos x dx, v = ½e2x.

Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 3

∫ e2xsin x dx 5. ∫ ex sin x dx.

= sin x · ½e2x - ∫ ½ e2x · cos x dx 6. ∫ x√x + 2 dx.

= ½ e2xsinx - ½ ∫ e2xcos x dx. (2) 7. ∫ x csc2x dx.

Apparently, we have failed again, but since 8. ∫ cos 3x sin x dx.

the expression e2xcos x dx has recurred, we
9. ∫ e3x cos x dx.
can eliminate it by multiplying (2) by 4 and
adding it to (1). We obtain 10. ∫ x cos22x dx.

5 ∫ e2xsin x dx = -e2xcos x + 2e2xsin x + C. 11. ∫ x3 √4 − x 2 dx.

Thus, 12. ∫ (ln x)2 dx.

𝟏 𝟐 13. ∫ x arctan x dx.

∫ e2xsin x dx = e2xcos x + e2xsin x + C.
𝟓 𝟓
14. ∫ x2arctan x dx.
ASSIGNMENT No. 4
Evaluate the following integrals and check 15. ∫ x √x − 1 dx.
by differentiation.
16. ∫ x2sin2x dx.
1. ∫ x2sin 2x dx.

2. ∫ x2 ln x dx. 17. ∫ sin 3x sin 2x dx.

x ⅆx.
3. ∫ xex dx. 18. ∫
√4 − x
4. ∫ arctan 3x dx.

5. ∫ sec3x dx.

6. ∫ sec5x dx.

7. ∫ (ln cos x) sin x dx.

8. ∫ sin 4x cos 2x dx.

x3 ⅆx
9. ∫ .
√9 − x2
10. ∫ x e-2x dx.

11. ∫ x2 e-xdx.

12. ∫ x csc2x dx.

13. ∫ x3e2xdx.

14. ∫ (ln sin 2x) cos 2x dx.

15. ∫ x3 √1 − 𝑥 2 dx.

PROBLEM SET. NO. 5

Evaluate the following integrals and check
by differentiation.
1. ∫ x sin x dx.
x
2. ∫ x cos dx.
2
3. ∫ xex dx.

4. ∫ sin ln x dx.

Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 4