articulators and the

production
of voice

The articulators are the different parts of the mouth area that
we use when speaking, such as the lips, tongue, teeth, and jaw.

LIPS
The lips are the outermost articulator.
They are formed externally by the skin and
internally by mucous membrane. Betweeen these
TEETH two section is muscular, glandular, and fat tisue.
There are two types of teeth, deciduous The landmark's of the lip include the Vermilion,
and permanent teeth. philtrum, the columella, and the cupid's bow.
They are important for both eating and Bilabila and labiodental consonants are formed by
speech. the lips.
These teeth and their alignment play a
key role in the production of phonemes. TONGUE
The labiodental and dental consonant
are formed directly by the teeth. The tongue is considered by many
phoneticians to be the most important
articulator because of its great flexibility and
its capacity to compensate for other
structural problems.
The tongue is composed of connective tissue
covered by muscle tissue.

HARD PALATE
The hard palate is composed of the two
maxillary and two palatine bones.
The integrity of the hard palate is important for
resonance and as a point of attachment for
muscle tissue.
The front section of the hard palate is called SOFT PALATE
the alveolar ridge or process. The soft palate is locate directly behind the hard palate
Numerous consonants are formed using the and is comprised of muscle tissue with a membranous
alveolar, post alveolar, and palatal areas as a covering.
placement. The movement of the soft palate allows for
velopharyngeal closure.
The velar consonants are formed by the role of the velum
in articulation.
GLOTTIS
The glottis is the space between the vocal folds when open.
This area is important in both the production of glottal
sounds and for differentiating voiced and voiceless sounds.

MUSCLES
Numerous muscles organized into muscle
groups are important to articulation.
Facial expression, mastication, soft palate
(velar), intrinsic tongue, extrinsic tongue.

Articulation is the process of modifying the air stream by the articulators. Plosives, fricatives,
nasals, affricatives, and approximants are the result the manner of articulation.
The various vowel sounds are affected by:
lators.
- The changing shape and position of your articu
in the mout h.
- The position of your tongu
- The shape of your lips.
e
VELOPHARYNGEAL
- The size of your jaw opening. FUNCTIONING
Velopharyngeal closure is accomplished by the movement
of the velum, at the level of the superior constrictor,
backward and upward to meet the back wall of the pharynx.
This movement is used in our language for the production of
all phonemes except the nasal /m/, /n/, and /ɳ/.

TONSIL RING
The tonsil ring is a near circle of lymph tissue located near the entrance of the
nasal and oral cavity.
It serves as a protection system ridding the body of waste material.
There are three parts to the tonsillar ring: The pharyngeal tonsil, the palatine
tonsil, and the ring.
The tonsils are often enlarged in children but tend to atrophy after puberty.