This Study Resource Was: Constant-Pressure Calorimetry

Laboratory Experiments in Chemistry for Engineers
© 2020 by M.A. Astorga, N.T. Dacumos, R.D. de Luna, A.M. Falcatan, J.N. Granada, L.M. Labaclado, and E.P. Sabando.
EXPERIMENT 2
Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
OBJECTIVES
• To design a series of experiments, run the experiments, collect data and perform
calculations for the following processes
a. preparation of a solution with a specific temperature
b. determination of the specific heat capacities of unknown metals
m
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b. determination of the heat of solution of salts
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c. determination of the heat of reaction of acid and base solutions
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BACKGROUND
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In calorimetry, the heat flow that accompanies a physical or chemical process is measured. The
calorimeter is a device used in the laboratory to measure such heat flow.
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In this experiment, you will simulate a calorimeter to determine the specific heat capacity values
aC s
of different materials, and heat of dissolution and neutralization. This heat is equal to enthalpy
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(ΔH) since regarded to take place under constant pressure of the atmosphere.
Through the First Law of Thermodynamics we know that during heat exchange, energy is neither
created nor destroyed. Consequently, heat loss is equal to heat gained. When we apply this to
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a system consisting of a sample and water with different temperatures inside the calorimeter,
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we obtain:
Heat lost + heat gained = 0
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Recall that heat q = mcT

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where m = mass of the substance in g

c = specific heat of the substance J/g °C
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T = temperature change in °C = final temperature – initial temperature
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PROCEDURE
A. VIDEO PRESENTATION
Watch the following video and answer the questions in the report sheet
1. Coffee Cup Calorimetry by JFR Science

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28dNPDqk0L4
B. SIMULATIONS
1. Thermochemistry-Coffee Simulation from ChemCollective
a. Download the virtual lab from http://chemcollective.org/vlab_download
You can load the step-by-step demonstration to be familiar with the controls.
b. Load the homework “Thermochemistry” then open “Coffee”.
c. Read the Problem Description. Given 500 mL of house coffee at 95 C, calculate the
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volume of milk at 4 C needed to lower the temperature of coffee to 90 C. Assume that
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both coffee and milk have the density of water at 1.0 g/mL and specific heat of 4.186
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J/g C. Write your solutions in the report sheet.
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d. Use the virtual lab to simulate the process and verify if you obtained the same value.
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2. Calorimetry Computer Simulation by the University of Oregon
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a. Point your browser to
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_chem/chem_sim/calorimetry/Calor.
php
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b. Read the Overview, Learning Outcomes and then run the demonstration
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c. Perform the simulations for the following

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1. Specific heat capacity of unknown metal samples

Perform a simulation for the determination of the heat capacities of unknown metal
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sample I and II.

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For unknown metal I choose any value for the mass and a temperature between 50
and 100. For the liquid choose water and select any value for mass. Record the masses
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and initial temperatures, run the experiment and record the final temperature.
Calculate the specific heat of the unknown. Write your solutions in the report sheet.
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Repeat the procedure unknown metal II. From the calculated values, attempt to
identify the unknown metals. You may refer to a table of specific heat capacities of
different materials which is available online.
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2. Heat of solution
Perform a simulation for the determination of the heat of solution of KOH and NH4NO3
in water
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Select KOH from Solids and assign any value for the mass. For the liquid, choose water
and assign any value for mass. Record the initial temperature, run the experiment and
write down the final temperature. Calculate the heat or enthalpy of solution in
kJ/mole. Is the solution process endothermic or exothermic? Repeat the procedure
for NH4NO3.
3. Heat of neutralization
Perform a simulation for the determination of the heat of neutralization of strong and
weak acid-base pairs.
A neutralization is a reaction between and acid and a base. Reset the simulation and
select nitric acid (a strong acid) from Solutions. Assign a 100 mL volume and a molarity
of 1.00 M. For the base select sodium hydroxide (a strong base) and input the same
volume and concentration. Run the experiment and determine the final temperature.
m
Calculate the heat of neutralization. Neutralization reactions are exothermic. Repeat
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the procedure using the pair acetic acid (a weak acid) and ammonia (a weak base).
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Use the same volume and concentration. Compare the calculated enthalpy values for
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the two pairs in kJ. Which reaction releases a greater amount of heat?
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aC s
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NAME:
COURSE:
LAB REPORT FOR GROUP:
DATE SUBMITTED:
EXPERIMENT 2 SIGNATURE:
Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
A. 1. COFFEE CUP CALORIMETRY VIDEO
a. In thermodynamics, define (a) the system and (b) the surroundings.
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b. What is a coffee cup calorimeter?
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c. What are the limitations in using a coffee cup calorimeter?
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d. What is specific heat capacity?

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e. What is a limiting reagent?

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f. What are the assumptions in performing coffee cup calorimetry calculations?

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LAB REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT 2 (continued) NAME:
B. SIMULATIONS
1. Thermochemistry-Coffee Simulation from ChemCollective
CALCULATIONS:
m
RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION:
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eH w
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2. Calorimetry Computer Simulation by the University of Oregon
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aC s
a. Specific heat capacity of unknown metal samples

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DATA:
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CALCULATIONS:
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CONCLUSIONS:
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b. Heat of solution
DATA:
CALCULATIONS:
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eH w
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CONCLUSIONS:
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c. Heat of neutralization
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DATA:
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CALCULATIONS:
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CONCLUSIONS:
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POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. What are the major sources of error is the determination of specific heat capacities? How can
you minimize these errors?
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2. Write down the complete and balanced chemical equations for the two neutralization
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reactions you performed.
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aC s
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3. How many joules of heat is required to raise the temperature of 200.0 g of lead from 20.00 oC
to 25.00 oC? The specific heat (c) of lead is 0.129 J/g oC. Show your solution with the correct
number of significant figures.
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
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Laboratory Experiments in Chemistry for Engineers

Recall that heat q = mcT

where m = mass of the substance in g

T = temperature change in °C = final temperature – initial temperature

1. Coffee Cup Calorimetry by JFR Science

c. Perform the simulations for the following

1. Specific heat capacity of unknown metal samples

sample I and II.

a. In thermodynamics, define (a) the system and (b) the surroundings.

d. What is specific heat capacity?

e. What is a limiting reagent?

f. What are the assumptions in performing coffee cup calorimetry calculations?

LAB REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT 2 (continued) NAME:

1. Thermochemistry-Coffee Simulation from ChemCollective

a. Specific heat capacity of unknown metal samples

LAB REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT 2 (continued) NAME:

LAB REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT 2 (continued) NAME:

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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