CALAMANSI (CITRUS MICROCARPA) PEEL

EXTRACT AS DISINFECTANT AGAINST

SURFACE BACTERIA: AN IN-VITRO
EVALUATION
Background of
the Study
 3

▪- Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa) is a resource that

is widely available in the Philippines.

▪- The citrus pulp of calamansi as well as the

methanol extract from its leaves has been proven
to be effective in inhibiting microbial activities
(Ariyandi, Ismed and Husni 2020). Almost every
part of a calamansi has beneficial characteristics.
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▪- The peel of calamansi has been inferred by Lee

and Naijah (2009) to have the potential of
becoming antimicrobial agents.

▪- If proven to be effective as a surface disinfectant

in this study, calamansi peel extract could open a
novel organic alternative to the commercially
available disinfectants and will pave way for further
studies about its uses in various fields.
Conceptual
Framework of
the Study
 6
The schematic diagram of the input, process and
output approach of the study
Input Process Output

In-vitro evaluation of
1. Agar well diffusion
the antimicrobial
test
property of
2. Determining the
calamansi peel
presence of zones
Application of extract
of inhibition
calamansi peel 3. Analysis of
extract against the minimum inhibitory
samples of bacteria concentration
Statement of the
Problem
 8

▪This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of

calamansi peel extract as a surface disinfectant.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following
questions:
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1. What happens to the bacteria colony when the

calamansi peel extract is inoculated to the petri
dish?
2. What is the measurement of the zone of inhibition
when the calamansi peel extract is inoculated to
the petri dish?
3. What is the minimum inhibitory concentration of
calamansi peel extract?
4. Is the calamansi peel extract effective against the
bacteria colony?
Review of RL and
RS
 11

▪- The calamansi peel extract can be considered as

an essential oil.

▪- There are several types of essential oil and some

of these types are produced from the citrus species.
The essential oil from sweet orange, in particular,
has been verified to have antimicrobial properties
(Schullman, 2019).
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▪- There are several ways to extract essential oil

but the most commonly used extraction method for
citrus peels in a household setting are the cold-
press extraction and solvent extraction because the
required materials are already available at most
homes (Andrews, 2018).

▪- In evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plant

extracts, the agar well diffusion is the most widely
used (Balouiri, Sadiki & Ibnsouda, 2016).
Methodology
 14

▪- To obtain the calamansi peel extract, the cold-

press extraction method will be used because the
materials for this are readily available at home.

▪- To answer the questions raised by the

researchers, the agar well diffusion test will be
employed to determine the antimicrobial property
of the calamansi peel extract. An observation form
will aid them in recording the results.
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▪- The procurement of bacteria samples follows the

procedures below:
1. A fresh cotton bud will be rubbed against
one of the smartphone.
2. Repeat the process in the other phones until
three samples are obtained.
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▪- The preparation for the agar well diffusion test

will follow the procedure below:
1. Each of the cotton bus will be rubbed
against the agar plate surface immediately
after the bacteria are obtained. There will be
three agar plates in total.
2. Punch four holes with a diameter of 6 to 8
mm on each agar plates.
3. Add the calamansi peel extract to three of
the holes. Each hole must have different
concentrations.
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4. Add a positive control to the last hole. The

positive control will be a penicillin solution.
5. After incubating overnight at room
temperature, determine if zones of inhibition
will appear on each agar plates.