CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

This chapter contains the background of the study, the statement of the problem, the

research hypotheses, the significance of the study, the scope and limitation of the study, and

the definition of terms.

I. Background of the Study

When it comes to spending time outside, mosquitoes are an annoyance and an

unpleasant reality. A blood-feeding member of the fly family, its whining buzz and itching

bites may make even a family picnic a rough experience. Mosquitoes, however, can

occasionally be more than simply an annoyance. Mosquitoes have been known throughout

history to be carriers of diseases, some of which can be dangerous and cause significant

precautionary action. Many individuals employ mosquito spray to kill, reduce or avoid

mosquito bites. Unfortunately, the continuous application of commercially made mosquito

spray has raised serious environmental health concerns. Mosquito spray causes harmful

effects on our environment and even on ourselves because of the chemicals used in making it.

The researchers thought of a way in which they can produce a mosquito killer spray that is

safe or environmentally - friendly.

The study tries to help the environment by substituting the chemicals used in

mosquito spray by using calamansi which is abundant in our country. Southeast Asia is the

native area of the calamansi. Additionally, it can lower the costs for those who want to

purchase insect killers. Calamansi has a major component which is called d-limonene, a bitter

taste that irritates insects by destroying the wax coating of the insect's respiratory system,

making it a good repellent (Capili et al., 2019).

1
 Marigolds, on the other hand, are composed of a-terthienyl which lends a natural

insecticidal property in marigold the plant is also composed of pyrethrin a natural compound

effective as a mosquito repellent (N.Ponkiya et. al., 2018). The researchers intend to use the

Marigold plant as a suitable component of the mosquito killer sprays to be produced. To

create mosquito spray without the toxic chemicals found in certain commercial solutions, the

researchers intend to combine the two variables as alternative components.

II. Statement of the Problem

The study aims to evaluate the potential of calamansi leaves and marigold plant spray as a

mosquito killer. It specifically seeks answers to the following questions.

1. What is the total number mosquito killed per treatment?

2. At what percent does the killed mosquito per treatment?

3. How potential does Calamansi leaves extract and Marigold plant extract as mosquito killer

spray?

4. At which level of concentration has the greatest potential?

III. Hypotheses

Based on the research questions identified, the proponents formulated the following
hypotheses.
Ho: The extract of Calamansi Leaves and Marigold plant has no potential as mosquito

killer spray.

Ha: The extract of Calamansi Leaves and Marigold plant has potential as mosquito killer

spray.

2
IV. Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be highly significant and beneficial, specifically to the

following.

Customer. The study will greatly benefit mosquito spray users because the researcher will

create a less expensive and more natural alternative mosquito killer. As a result, the user's

expenses for purchasing mosquito spray will be reduced.

Community. The study will be immensely helpful to the community since it decreases the

risk of the quick spread of illnesses related to mosquitoes. Individuals who will utilize a

product made of natural ingredients will find it comfortable and healthy to use.

Environment. This could help the environment to reduce the use of commercial products

that emit harmful substances that can affect environmental degradation. This research will aid

the efficient use of resources, the reduction of waste, and the replenishment of the atmosphere

and surroundings that have been depleted in micro-aspects.

Economy. A low-cost product or natural product is a substitute good for a lower cost than

other commercial products. Companies can increase their market share and raise profits by

developing this as a commercial product.

Future Researchers will benefit from the findings since it will assist them with the

knowledge, they need to compare their studies within their unique periods and usability.

3
V. Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study is focused on the potential of the two variables, Calamansi leaves extracts

and Marigold plant extract as a mosquito spray that will be used to kill mosquitoes. The

gathering of data will be done by comparing the four treatments respectively, the 10 ml

calamansi leaf extract : 5 ml marigold extract: 5 ml water, 5 ml calamansi leaf extract : 10 ml

marigold plant extract: 5 ml water, and 10 ml calamansi leaf extract : 10 ml marigold plant

extract: 5 ml water and the negative control.

The study will not cover which species calamansi and mosquito belong to because the

researchers will not be able to determine due to lack of laboratory equipment. The study also

did not cover what specific injury the mosquito would encounter that would cause it to die.

Although the researchers may be able to find out whether it is effective or not, they

will not be able to tell the duration of the produced product or how long the scent of the

product will last. The study will be done by finding out the result of the experimentation with

the three compared products. The extraction will be conducted at Bangui National High

School, San Lorenzo, Bangui, Ilocos Norte, and the testing of the product at Brgy. San

Lorenzo, Bangui, Ilocos Norte.

VI. Definition of Terms

The following concepts used in the study are defined or described for clarity:

 2:2:1 – The researcher used this ratio scale to simplify the (2) 10 ml Calamansi

Leaves Extract, (2) 10 ml Marigold Plant Extract, and the (1) 5 ml water.

 1:2:1 – The researcher used this ratio scale to simplify the (1) 5 ml Calamansi Leaves

Extract, (2) 10 ml Marigold Plant Extract, and the (1) 5 ml water.

4
 2:1:1 – The researcher used this ratio scale to simplify the (2) 10 ml Calamansi

Leaves Extract, (1) 5 ml Marigold Plant Extract, and the (1) 5 ml water.

 Calamansi Leaves - The researchers will use Citrus microcarpa leaves as one of the

ingredients that will be used in producing the natural mosquito killer. The researcher

will collect freshly yellow green bud of calamansi leaves.The researchers will extract

from the leaves a total of 45 ml which will be used for the three different

concentrations (10 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml).

 Extraction – The process of separating the liquid from calamansi leaves and

marigold plant after steaming them, then using mortar and pestle, by separately

grinding them and adding them with water.

 Killed Mosquitoes – in determining if the mosquito was killed it will suddenly fall to

the ground and no movements from the mosquito were detected.

 Marigold Plant – A flowering whole plant of marigold plant was used in the study,

The researchers will extract a total of 45 ml marigold plant which will be used for the

three different concentrations (10 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml).

 Mosquito –A small flying insect that bites people and animals, and sucks their blood.

Any type of mosquito was used in the study.

 Natural Mosquito Spray - a natural mosquito killer that is produced by life, and

includes biotic materials.

 Potential – having or showing at least 10% level of potentiality at killing mosquitoes.

 Steaming – method of cooking that requires moist heat. The heat is created by boiling

water which vaporizes into steam.

5
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review and related studies about the potential of Calamansi

Leaves and Marigold Plant Extracts as Mosquito Killer after an extensive and in-depth search

done by researchers.

Calamansi Leaves

Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) is a particularly cold-tolerant Citrus variety. Asia is

home to a lot of the well-known fruit known as the calamansi. Because of its origin in the

Philippines, calamansi is also known as "Calamondin" in Europe and "Philippine Lime"

in Asia. This fruit's leaves are rich in essential oils that are beneficial to people. Because

of its potent scent, some people utilize the citrus plant known as Calamansi (Philippine

Lime) in cooking and as a remedy. According to Atlantis Press, the primary chemical

components discovered in the leaves of the Calamondin or Calamansi were citronellal,

citronellol, 3-Carene, and -Phellandrene.

Calamansi leaves as Mosquito killer

Calamansi, C. microcarpa, has a major component which is called d-limonene, a bitter

taste that irritates insects by destroying the wax coating of the insect's respiratory system,

making it a good repellent( S. Capili, et al., 2019). Botanical insecticides containing

citronella and pyrethrin can be used to control mosquitoes in the lawn. These insecticides are

eco-friendly and break down quickly in the environment. Citronella is commonly used in

mosquito-repelling candles and oil-burning torches used outdoors. (S. Gowans, 2013)

Marigold Plant

Tagetes is a genus of 50 species of annual or perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in

the family Asteraceae. They are among several groups of plants known in English

6
as marigolds. The genus Tagetes was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. These plants are

native to Mexico, growing naturally from Mexico's valley down to the south and even

reaching several other Latinamerican countries, but some species have become naturalized

around the world. The marigold is a pretty, all-purpose plant with a wide range of medicinal

effects. All of them are made possible by the essential oils and resins trapped in the bright

yellow flowers. Since prehispanic times, this plant has been used for medicinal purposes.

(Tango, 2021)

Marigold plant as Mosquito killer

Antioxidant activity has been discovered in the essential oil of this plant although less

than that of α-Tocopherol, possibly attributable to the presence of camphor and methyl

eugenol. The chemical contains in this plant reduces the chance of fungal, bacterial, viral, and

insect problems.(Tango, 2021) Most marigolds have a strong scent. When brushed or cut, the

plants release a pungent scent that can be too much for some people. The smell is caused by a

chemical known as “a-terthienyl". This lends a natural insecticidal property in marigolds.

Tagetes erecta is known to possess insecticidal activity. It also contains pyrethrin a natural

compound effective as insect repellent. (Ponkiya, 2018).

Mosquito

According to National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

(NCEZID), 2020, Mosquitoes are common, flying insects that live in most parts of the world.

Over 3,500 types of mosquitoes can be found worldwide. When mosquitoes bite people, the

most common reactions to the bite are itching and swelling. Some mosquitoes can be vectors.

The mosquito life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Eggs are laid on the

water's surface; they hatch into motile larvae that feed on aquatic algae and organic material.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) state that in the continental United States

7
and US territories, there are about 200 different species of mosquitoes; of these, roughly 12

different species transmit pathogens that might harm humans. Other mosquitoes are labeled

nuisance mosquitoes because they annoy people. In general, bothersome mosquitoes do not

transmit disease. It is crucial to protect oneself from mosquito bites since you can never be

sure which insect is carrying pathogens when it bites

Commercial Mosquito Killer

A synthetic mosquito killer is a substance put on skin, clothing, or other surfaces

which kills mosquitoes that lands or crawl on that surface.. Most of the commercial mosquito

killer are prepared using non-biodegradable, synthetic chemicals like N,N-diethyl-3-

methylbenzamide (DEET), dimethylphthalate (DMP). DEET is mostly used as the active

ingredient in many insect repellents. Some persons who used products containing a high

concentration of DEET or who were exposed to excessive amounts of DEET have

experienced skin rashes, blisters, and skin and mucous membrane irritation. According to the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), more than 4.5 billion pounds of chemical

pesticides are used every year on crops, around the home, around and in ponds, and on

humans and pets. Studies are now showing that exposure to insect repellents and other

pesticides indicates a higher risk of cancers, typically of the blood, brain, lymph system, soft

tissues, stomach, prostate, and breast. In children, exposure to insect repellents also indicates

an increased risk of various forms of cancer, as well as a weakening of the immune system.

Natural Mosquito Killer Spray

Although several chemicals have been employed as mosquito repellents or

killers, many are quite dangerous to humans. Consumers have recently grown more fond of

commercial repellent solutions made of plant-based chemicals since they are generally seen

as "safe" in contrast to well-known synthetic repellents. Plant-based insect repellents have

8
been utilized for personal protection measures for a long time. Compared to commercial

spray, plant-based repellent for mosquitoes is significantly superior.

Herbal mosquito repellents do not come with many harmful substances that an

average store-bought mosquito repellent spray contains. DEET, which can make up 23.8% of

its components, is the active ingredient found in most of the insect repellents you can pick up

from the store. While it is effective in repelling ticks, mosquitoes, fleas, and other bugs, the

substance itself may potentially harm your central nervous system in the long run. Studies

have linked it to skin & neurological health problems (Botanical, 2022). Therefore, if the

mosquito killer were organic and made from edible plant parts, then it would not cause any

harm if inhaled and would be ideal for household use.

9
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the research design and methodology were discussed, especially the

processes the researchers used to obtain information and prove the hypothesis before

concluding an answer. Furthermore, the researcher focused on the methods, procedures,

gathering of data, and data analysis.

I. Research Design

The research study determined the potential of calamansi leaf and marigold plant as a

mosquito killer spray. An experimental design will be used in this study. An experimental

design is a process of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion so that

precision is maximized and specific conclusions can be drawn regarding a hypothesis

statement. Generally, the purpose is to establish the effect that a factor or independent

variable has on a dependent variable.

II. Research Paradigm

Figure 1.
Input Process Output

 Nature of Calamansi  Testing the extract  A mosquito killer

and Marigold. from calamansi leaf spray that uses
 Nature in making and marigold plant calamansi leaf
mosquito killer spray. used to substitute to extract and marigold
 An effective method the other chemicals. plant extract as a
of extracting the  Testing the substitute for the
calamansi leaf and effectiveness of it as chemicals used in
marigold plant. mosquito killer making mosquito
spray. sprays.

10
 III. Methods and Materials

Materials:

 Steamer Bowl
 4 Spray container
 Measuring cups
 Weighing scale
 Mortar and Pestle
 Wood Base Aquarium (3x1/2 ft)
 Handled Net

Ingredients:

 Calamansi leaves (45g)

 Marigold plants (45g)
 Negative Control, Water (45ml)
 Water for steaming(720ml)
 Hot water for the concentration(15ml)

Methods:

1. Collection of mosquitoes - The researchers use a handled net to catch flying

mosquitoes. A handle net is a special type of net designed to catch insects or

mosquitoes. Due to the fragility of mosquitoes, handle nets are far safer to catch them

with, trapping them without damaging or hurting them. A total of 180 mosquitoes

were used in the testing. So a total of 15 mosquitoes were used per set.

2. Collection of calamansi leaves and marigold plants - The researchers will collect

calamansi leaves and marigold plants. The researchers collect 50 pieces of calamansi

leaves – the researchers will only collect calamansi leaves that has the given texture

(the color of light green and freshly bud leaves). The researchers will collect five

whole flowering plant marigolds.

3. Preparation of the materials and equipment – In making the mosquito killer spray the

researchers will prepare the materials and equipment needed. The researchers first

washed the calamansi leaves, and the marigold plant until they remove all the dirt

11
 from the major ingredients,then they wait for 30 minutes to dry the calamansi leaves

and marigold plants. While waiting they prepared the steamer, water, a weighing

scale, a mortar and pestle, measuring cups, a clean spray container (for the finished

product), and the wood base aquarium for testing the product.

4. Steaming of calamansi leaves and marigold plant – We need to steam the calamansi

leaves and marigold plant to let their extracts come out. By steaming them the

researchers used double steamer pan. They first fill the base of the pan with 720 ml of

water then put the calamansi leaves in the first layer of steamer then the marigold

plant in the second one. The researchers steamed the calamansi leaves and marigold

plants for 15 minutes.

5. Extraction of calamansi leaf and marigold plant – The researchers will have to use

mortar and pestle to separately let the plant's extract come out after steaming. While

grinding them separately, add a total of 5ml of hot water then grind them and squeeze

them to let extracts come out. A total of 5 ml of water were added per concentration.

Continue to grind and squeeze them till we meet the desired level of concentration.

And after meeting the desired concentration the researchers put it in a clean bowl.

6. Mixing the calamansi leaves extract and marigold plant extract – The researchers will

measure the extracted plant by its designated concentration (10 ml calamansi leaves

extract and 10 ml marigold plant extract, 10 ml calamansi and 5 ml marigold, 5 ml

calamansi and 10 ml marigold), and they will separately put it in the spray container.

7. Testing of the product – The researchers did a total of 12 setups for the testing, 3 set

up per day for trial 1, 2, and 3. The researchers first test the 10 mL Calamansi leaves

extract: 10 mL Marigold extract: 5ml water in the first day, then 5 mL Calamansi

leaves extract: 10 mL Marigold extract: 5ml water the second day, then the 10 mL

Calamansi leaves extract: 5 mL Marigold extract: 5ml water on the third day and

12
 finally the negative control in the fourth day. In testing the product the researchers

will experiment by spraying it to their dependent variable. Using a net tube the

researcher will connect the container with mosquitoes and the testing aquarium (the

aquarium has a wall of mosquito net) to transfer mosquitoes. Then, when the

mosquitoes are all scattered the researchers will spray the product and observe the

possible effects. The researchers will apply five sprays every 20 minutes to observe

the possible effects within two hours. When the two hours observation is done the

researchers will kill the remaining mosquitoes inside the aquarium.

8. Recording, analysis, and interpretation of the data gathered – The other questions like

the level of safety and contribution to society will be answered after gathering data

from the experiment is recorded, analyzed, and interpreted. After experimenting the

continuous application of commercially made mosquito spray has raised serious

environmental health concerns. Mosquito spray causes harmful effects on our

environment and even on ourselves because of the chemicals used in making it. the

researchers will record all the data they've gathered

IV. Collection of Data

The experiment was conducted to test the potential of Calamansi leaf extract

and marigold plant extract as mosquito killer spray and at which concentration level is

more effective. The data was collected after two hours of observation. The table at the

appendix b was used for recording the data.

13
 V. Statistical Treatment
The statistical tools that were used in this study are the following.

1. To evaluate extensive data and hence presents an accurate value. The researchers use

PERCENTAGE: (value/total value)×100%.

2. The researchers used the table below to determine the level of potentiality of the three

concentrations of calamansi leaves and marigold plant extract as mosquito killer spray.

No. Level of potentiality Percentage

1 Extremely high 81 – 100%

2 Moderately high 51 – 80%

3 Average 31 – 50%

4 Moderately low 11 – 30%

5 Extremely Low 1 – 10%

6 No potentiality 0%

14
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

To complete this study, it is necessary to evaluate the data gathered to test the

hypothesis and respond to the research questions.

Table 1. The percentage mortality of mosquitoes of the experimental and Control

Group after 2 hours and its level of potentiality.

Treatment Total no. Total no. of Percentage Level of potentiality

of tested killed Mortality
mosquito. mosquito.
2:2:1 45 34 75.56% Moderately high

1:2:1 45 16 37.78% Average

2:1:1 45 18 40.00% Average

Negative Control 45 4 8.89% Extremely Low

The results indicate that treatment 2:2:1 killed thirty – four (34) out of forty – five

(45) tested mosquitoes and it has 75.56% of mortality with the moderately high level of

potentiality. At treatment 1:2:1, sixteen (16) mosquitoes were killed which resulted at 37.78%

of mortality with the average level of potentiality. While in treatment 2:1:1, eighteen (18)

mosquitoes were killed with 40% mortality which results at average level of potentiality. The

extremely low mosquito mortality (8.89%) in the negative control showed that water did not

affect the mosquitocidal properties of leaf extracts and plant extract from the marigold

plant and calamansi leaf.

15
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the conclusion of the study. A summary of the research is

presented, and the findings of the study are discussed and interpreted.

I. Summary

The study aims to evaluate the potential of the two components and determine the

concentration level with the greatest potential in killing mosquitoes.

The study utilized a laboratory-based experimental research design, with four

treatments: 2:2:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1 and negative control. The researchers evaluated the potential of

the two components based on the mean and percentage mortality of mosquitoes after 2 hours

of exposure to the various concentrations of plant extracts.

The study hypothesized that extracting calamansi leaves and marigold plants are

potential mosquito killer spray. The findings suggest that using calamansi leaves and

marigold plant extract can be a potential substitute for commercial mosquito sprays. The

2:2:1 ratio of concentration yielded the highest mosquito mortality rate. The study confirms

that water did not influence the mosquitocidal property of calamansi leaf extract and

marigold plant extract.

II. Conclusion

The study has shown that combining Calamansi leaf extract and Marigold plant

extract has shown potential. The findings indicate that the mortality rate of mosquitoes at

2:2:1 is thirty-four (34) out of 45 tested mosquitoes, which results in 75.56 % mortality, while

in 1:2:1 sixteen (16) mosquitoes were killed which results 37.78% mortality, in 2:1:1

eighteen (18) mosquitoes were killed which gives 40% mortality. The study indicated that

2:2:1 treatment has a moderately high level of potentiality which shows that it has the

16
greatest potential between the three concentrations. While the 1:2:1 and 2:1:1 treatment

shows an average level of potentiality.

The study's results are significant as they provide a safe and environmentally friendly

option for mosquito control, with no harmful chemicals used in the production of the

mosquito spray. The use of Calamansi and Marigold extracts can also lower the cost of

mosquito control for individuals, especially in developing countries where the cost of

commercial mosquito sprays may be prohibitive.

The study demonstrates the potential of natural plant extracts in mosquito control,

which can contribute to a healthier environment and improve public health.

III. Recommendation

Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that future researchers should

conduct further investigation on the efficacy of Calamansi leaf and Marigold plant extracts as

mosquito repellent and the possibility of developing a commercially available mosquito killer

spray from these natural extracts. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of

this alternative mosquito killer spray in a real-world setting and to determine the possible

adverse effects on human health and the environment.

The study is suggested to perform further research it needs to specify to which species

calamansi and mosquito belong and to what specific injury the mosquito would encounter

that would cause it to die. And it needs to tell the duration of the produced product or how

long the scent of the product will last. The study only evaluated the potential of the extracts

as a mosquito killer. Future researchers can do more research to determine the duration of the

effectiveness of the spray, its effects on other insect species, and the proper formulation and

packaging for distribution. Moreover, exploring other natural plant extracts with potential

insecticidal properties can also be considered in developing an effective and environmentally

friendly mosquito killer spray.

17
 LITERATURE CITED

S. Capili, A. J., A. Cruz, E. F., & Cunanan, K. A. (2019, January 18). Insecticidal Effect of
Calamansi (C. microcarpa) Extracts Against Rice Weevils (S. oryzae) | Ascendens Asia
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts. Insecticidal Effect of Calamansi (C.
Microcarpa) Extracts Against Rice Weevils (S. Oryzae) | Ascendens Asia Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts.
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/4100

Ponkiya, Desai, & Mistry. (2018). Development of economical mosquito repellent using
marigold plant. International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation.
https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI1811009.pdfHusni, E., Yeni, F., & D. (2021, November 17).
Chemical Contents Profile of Essential Oil from Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) Peels
and Leaves and Its Antibacterial Activities | Atlantis Press. Chemical Contents Profile of
Essential Oil From Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa Bunge) Peels and Leaves and Its
Antibacterial Activities | Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.211105.046

Tagetes - Wikipedia. (2011, July 14). Tagetes - Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetes

(2020, March 5). What is a Mosquito? |CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/what-is-a-mosquito.html

Mosquito Life Cycle | US EPA. (2013, February 21). US EPA.

https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle

Mapossa, A. B., Focke, W. W., Tewo, R. K., Androsch, R., & Kruger, T. (2021, March 24).
Mosquito‐repellent controlled‐release formulations for fighting infectious diseases - Malaria
Journal. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03681-7

The Dangers of Toxic Insect Repellents ~ Osana Bar. (2014, May 13). Osana Bar - All
Natural Mosquito Repellent Soap. https://osanabar.com/toxic-insect-repellents/

Pansit, & Avila, M. (2018, August 5). Larvicidal activity of Citrofortunella microcarpa
(Lemonsito) and Carica papaya (papaya) extracts against the dengue-vector mosquito, Aedes
sp. International Journal of Mosquito Research . https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8

Gowans, M. (n.d.). Eco-Friendly Mosquito Killer for the Lawn. Eco-Friendly Mosquito Killer
for the Lawn. https://www.weekand.com/home-garden/article/ecofriendly-mosquito-killer-
lawn-18033633.php

18
APPENDIX A

19
 DOCUMENTATION

Steam the calamansi leaves and marigold plants.

Remove the calamansi leaves and marigold plants in the steamer and put them in
separate bowl.

Extraction of the calamansi leaves and marigold plants is done by using a mortar and
pestle.

20
 Extracted calamansi leaves and marigold plants.

Measuring the exact amount of product that will be put in each spray container.

10 ml marigold plant extract:10 ml calamansi leaves extract: 5 ml water, 10 ml

calamansi leaves: 5 ml marigold plant extract: 5 ml water , 5 ml marigold plant
extract: 10 ml calamansi leaves extract: 5 ml water on spray container.

21
APPENDIX B

22
Table 2. The table used in gathering data.

Plant Extract Trial no. No. of mosquitoes killed

(1 – 15)

Measurement for Calamansi leaf 1 10

Extract and marigold extract and water

2 13
(10ml : 10ml : 5 ml)

3 11

Measurement for Calamansi leaf 1 5

Extract and marigold extract (5ml :

2 4
10ml : 5 ml )

3 7

Measurement for Calamansi leaf 1 6

Extract and marigold extract (10ml :

2 4
5ml : 5 ml )

3 8

Negative control 1 1

2 1

3 2

23