12

Media and Information Literacy

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Indigenous Media and Other
Sources of Information
Lesson
Indigenous Media and Other
4 Sources of Information

In the previous lesson, we discussed how media and information evolve throughout
the history. It makes us easier to access more information. But, how will we know
the validity and reliability of the information that we get?

What’s In

Activity 1. News Report

The coronavirus or Covid19 pandemic is a global health crisis and the greatest
challenge in 2020. It creates economic, political and social effects to every country
it touches and leaves deep scars to it.

Some people lose their jobs and income. Some businesses are forced to close.
Education switches to remote learning approach. No one has an idea when
normality will return.

Directions: To know more about this pandemic, your task is to look for 3 news
articles about Coronavirus Covid-19 and place them in a sheet of paper. Then,
write on the box the references where you got your news articles and answer the
questions that follow.

Reference for news # 1

Reference for news # 2

Reference for news # 3

Note to the Student

Good topics are news about a politician, a phenomenon
or an incident involving a lot of people.
1. Where did you search for these information or news article?

2. How did you determine the quality and accuracy of the information?

What’s New

Activity 2. Evaluating Online Resources

Directions: Assess the following resources that appeared in a search for
“indigenous alcohol morality”. Write the word suitable on the line if it is suitable to
use as an information source and reference in academic assignments. If not, write
not suitable and explain briefly your reasons.
1. Aboriginal alcohol consumption
• http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/aborigina
l-alcohol-consumption
• Last updated Dec 2012, so information is quite up-to-date.
• Audience is the general public.
• Information published on a site called Creative Spirits. Author is
Jens Korff – no qualifications or experience are listed.
• Some advertising on website. Reference list is provided, however
most of the references are newspaper articles.
• About page seeks to convince the audience of its credibility, but its
purpose is not clear.

2. Estimating alcohol-attributable mortality among Indigenous Australians:

Towards Indigenous-specific alcohol aetiologic fractions

• http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.co
m/doi/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00044.x/pdf
• Published 2009, so information is quite up-to-date.
• Audience is other researchers
• Authors are Richard Pascal, Tanya Chikritzhs and Dennis Gray –
their qualifications and organizational affiliations are listed.
• Article published in the Drug and Alcohol Review, which is a peer-
reviewed journal. Reference list provided.
• This is a scholarly peer reviewed article

_________________________________________________________

3. Send indigenous offenders to rehab: report

• http://tools.ntnews.com.au/stories/54075277.php
• Published Feb 2013, so information is quite up-to-date.
• Audience is Australian / the general public. Newspaper article in
the NT News.
• Author is Lisa Martin – no qualifications or experience are listed..
• Source is likely to be the media release
http://www.naccho.org.au/download/aboriginal-
health/nidac_report_release.pdf
• to inform and sell

_________________________________________________________

Source: “Evaluating Information Sources Guide: Activities”, Charles Darwin University Australia, last modified
May 4, 2020, https://libguides.cdu.edu.au/evaluation
 What is It

Sources of Information
There are three sources of information: indigenous media, library and
internet. Let us learn more of them in the following activities.

Indigenous Media

Indigenous media could also be defined as variety of media expression

conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people with
information appropriate to their culture.
Source: “Media and Information Sources”, BA Media and Information Literacy,last modified September 18,
2018, https://bamil786447613.wordpress.com/2018/09/18/media-and-information-sources/

Indigenous Knowledge is a unique knowledge from a specific culture or society.

Indigenous Communication is the transmission of information through local

channels or forms by which the culture is preserved, handed down and
adapted.

Source: “Media and Information Sources”, BA Media and Information Literacy,last modified September 18,
2018, https://bamil786447613.wordpress.com/2018/09/18/media-and-information-sources/

Characteristics of Indigenous Media

• oral tradition of communication
• store information in memories
• information exchange is face-to-face
• information is contained within the border of the community
Source: “Oral traditions and expressions including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage”,
UNESCO, accessed June 12, 2020, https://ich.unesco.org/en/oral-traditions-and-expressions-00053

Forms of Indigenous Media

• Folk or traditional media

• Gatherings and social organizations
• Direct observation
• Records (written, carved, oral)
• Oral instruction
Library
Library is a place where artistic, literary, musical and reference materials such
manuscripts, books, and films are kept for use and not for sale.

Types of Libraries
• Academic Library. This is for Colleges and Universities
• Public Library. This is for cities and towns
• School Library. This is for students from Kindergarten to Grade 12
• Special Library. This is in specialized environment such as hospitals,
private business and the government.

Internet
It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.

Since it is easy to access information from the internet, the following evaluation
criteria will help you how to assess online resources.
• Currency. It is the timeliness of information.
• Relevance. It is the significance of the information that you need.
• Authority. It is the source of information.
• Accuracy. It is the closeness of the report to the actual data
• Purpose. The reason why it is created.

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

1. Check the Author
2. Check the Date of Publication or of update
3. Check for Citations
4. Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.
.com – commercial
.gov – government
.edu – educational
.org – nonprofit organization
.mil – military

Source: “Evaluating Information Sources Guide: Activities”, Charles Darwin University Australia, last
modified May 4, 2020, https://libguides.cdu.edu.au/evaluation

Note to the Student

You really have to be careful in getting information from the internet. It

is easy to access information but takes time to check and validate.
Information might be varied in forms and content in which it is difficult
to determine its reliability and accuracy.
 What’s More

Activity 3. Sources of Information

Give examples of media for each source of information by pasting 3 pictures in
each box. Do this in a short bondpaper.

Indigenous Media Library Internet

Rubric
Criteria 5 4 3 2
Content All pictures are Only 2 pictures Only 1 picture is The pictures are
relevant to the are relevant to relevant to the not relevant to
given source of the given source given source of the given source
information. of information. information. of information.

Activity 4. Mind Mapping

Directions: Create a mindmap about indigenous media. A Mind Map is a diagram

used to visualize the relationship among pieces of the whole. You may add more
circles if necessary.

Indigenous
media
 What I Have Learned

Let us remember:

✓ There are three sources of information: indigenous media, library and

internet.

✓ Indigenous media could also be defined as variety of media expression

conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people with
information appropriate to their culture.

✓ Library is a place where artistic, literary, musical and reference materials

such manuscripts, books, and films are kept for use and not for sale.

✓ Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.

What I Can Do
Activity 5. Essay
Directions: In this activity, interview two elders in your family and ask them about
cultural beliefs or practices in your community: how they preserve, handed-down
and adapted them. Then, ask at least three teenagers if they know and value those
cultural beliefs or practices.
Elder # 1

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Elder # 2
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Teenager # 1

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Teenager # 2

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Teenager # 3

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What source of information did you use? ____________________________________

Cultural beliefs and practices in the community are best known by the elders. They
handed-down what they know to the next generation to preserve their cultural beliefs
and practices.

Assessment

I. Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully and write your answer
in STANDARD CAPITAL. Write the answers in your notebook.

1. When did people discover fire and develop paper from plants?

A. Pre-industrial Age C. Electronic Age

B. Industrial Age D. New/Information Age

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about industrial age?

A. People developed paper from plants.
B. People used electronic devices as means of communication.
C. Books were published through printing press.
D. People used portable computer laptop to gather information.

3. Which of the following medium is used during the electronic age?

A. clay tablets C. virtual reality
B. cloud and big data D. LCD projectors

4. It is where people are can share ideas, speculate, tell stories and give
information.
A. Monitoring Function C. Information Function
B. Opinion Function D. Media as channel

5. Jade browses the internet on how to cite references for her research
paper so that she will not commit plagiarism. What function of media is
this?
 A. Monitoring Function C. Information Function
B. Opinion Function D. Media as channel

6. It refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data.

A. accuracy C. relevance
B. authority D. purpose

7. A type of library that is suitable to a particular grade level.

A. Academic Library C. School Library

B. Public Library D. Special Library

8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of indigenous media.

A. oral tradition of communication

B. store information in memories

C. information acquired from Google

D. information is contained within the border of the community

9. We need to evaluate information because ________.
A. sources vary in the levels of authority, accuracy and objectivity
B. not all information is suitable for your paper
C. the information available is relevant
D. "Fake news" is widespread
10. A journalist looking for sources should try to use ___.
A. close friends in gathering information
B. officials with closed connections
C. variety of sources with different facts and opinions
D. different opinions from the neighborhood
II. Identification.
A. Write T if it is traditional media and N if it is new media.

1. Magazine 3. Online Video Games 5. Radio

2. Blog 4. Print advertising

Answer Key
Assessment
Activity 2. Evaluating Online Resources I. Multiple Choice.
3. not suitable

1. not suitable

5. C.

4. D.

3. D.

1. A

10. C

9. A

8. C

7.C

6. A
2.suitable

2.C.

II. Identification.
5. T

4. T

3. N

1. T
2.N