Physical Education

Name - Neel Wankhade

Class - XI-E
Roll no. - 198

GAME BOOK
Game name – Cricket

CONTENTS: -

SR. NO TOPICS PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION TO GAME 2
2 HISTORY 3
3 HOW IS CRICKET PLAYED? 5
4 CRICKET EQUIPMENTS 7
5 CRICKET LANGUAGE 8
6 LAWS OF CRICKET 10
7 TYPES OF MATCHES 19
8 ICC WORLD CUP 22
9 INDIA CRICKET TEAM 23
 INTRODUCTION

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of11

players on an oval shaped field, at the centre of which is
arectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bat’s, trying to scoreas
many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields,trying
to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored bythe
batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsmanhitting the
ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of thepitch and
touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams
switch between batting and fielding at the end of
an innings.

In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20overs

of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket playedover five
days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained bythe International
Cricket Council (ICC) andthe Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with
additionalStandard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One
DayInternationals.

Cricket is the second most popular sport in the worldbehind

soccer. The ICC, the game's governing body, has many members.
The game is played particularly in Australasia, the Indian
subcontinent, the West Indies, Southern Africa and England.
 HISTORY
The game
of cricket has a
known history
spanning
from the 16th
century to the
present day,
with
international
matches
played since
1844, although the
official history of international Test cricket began in 1877. During
this time, the game developed from its origins in England into a game
which is now played professionally in most of
the Commonwealth of Nations.

The first evidence of cricket being played was recorded in the

year 1550, by the pupils of Royal Grammar School,
Guildford. In the year 1611 it is reported that two young men
from Sussex were punished for playing cricket instead of going
to the church. The first match is recorded to have been played
at Coxheath in Kent in the year 1646.

Cricket was in fact a major gambling sport towards the end of

the 17th century. It is recorded that in the year 1679, a 11-aside
match was played with stakes as high as 50 guineas per
side.

During the 18th century cricket survived and thrived due to the
huge amounts of money via monetary backing and gambling.
 The first instance of a match to be played between counties in
England is recorded to be on 29th June in the year 1709. This
match was played between Surrey and Kent at Dartford Brent.

The first English touring team on board ship at Liverpool,

1859
The 18th century also witnessed the emergence of two
types of cricket players. They were known as the retained
player and the individual player. Generally, the retained
player was the servant of the lord and a cricketer as well. On
the other hand the individual player was free to play anywhere
with his skills.
In the year 1787, the Marylebone Cricket Club also known
MCC was created. The MCC has since then gone on to become
one of the most prominent bodies in world cricket. The late
18th century was a very crucial phase for the development of
the game, both within and outside Britain. The game was
spread far and wide mainly due to England’s imperialism. The
first official match was held between Canada and United States
was held in the year 1844.
HOW IS CRICKET PLAYED?

In cricket, there are two teams, the batting and the non-batting.
Nine members of the non-batting team are in the field, one is
the wicketkeeper, and one is the bowler, for a total of 11
players. The batting team designates the order of the batters,
where the first batter is called the striker. A batsman tries to
guard his wicket, while the bowler tries to hit it.

The batsman tries to keep the bowler from hitting the wicket
with the ball, while also attempting to hit the ball hard enough
to give him time to run to the other end of the pitch, before any
of the non-batting team picks up the ball and hits the wicket. If
the wicket is broken, by a thrown ball or by the wicketkeeper or
bowler, the batsman is dismissed. The striker does not have to
run after he hits the ball, and a miss does not count against
him. However, if he gets a hit and thinks he can score a run, he
runs for the opposite wicket while the second batsman - the
non-striker - runs toward him. If they each reach the opposite
wicket before a wicket is broken, a run is scored. Also, if the
batsmen hits ball in gap, they may run back for two or
more runs, crossing each time. If they score an even number of
runs, the striker is the next to hit the ball. However, if an odd
number is scored, the non-striker will be facing the bowler and
thus, getting his chance to hit the ball. Any runs scored in this
manner go to his personal score for the game.

When a hit ball goes beyond the boundary, the game is paused
and four runs are added to the team's score. In order for the
team's score to go up, several other things may happen other
than the batsman scoring runs. A bye occurs when a ball from
the bowler is missed by the batsman, but he can still make a
run. A leg bye happens when the ball touches part of the
batsman's body, but he can still make good a run. A wide
occurs when the ball is out of reach of the striker, and this
counts for a run. No balls occur when the ball is improperly
bowled. Each of these extras add points to a side's score.

If a bowler bowls six balls, not counting wide balls and no balls, he
completes what is termed an over. A new over is then begun by
a different bowler at the opposite wicket. The field must also
adjust accordingly. If a bowler bowls a complete over without a
batsman personally scoring a run, it is called a maiden over.

A bowler may bowl either right or left armed, propelling the ball
overhand without bending his elbow. He is allowed any number
of steps to give a delivery, but he may not cross the bowling
crease. A good bowler must be able to control length and
direction, which includes the spin placed on the ball to attempt
to deceive the batsman into being dismissed.

A batsman may hit either right or left-handed, based on a

vertical bat with its entire blade faced to the ball. There are
many different batting strokes, including the forward stroke,
the back stroke, the leg glance, and the cut.

Fieldsmen must be quick runners, with good hand-eye

coordination and the ability to throw a cricket ball far. He
should be able to guess the batsman's strokes, and actaccordingly.
 CRICKET EQUIPMENTS

WICKET AND CREASES - A wicket is three stakes or stumps

placed into the ground so that a cricket ball cannot pass
between them. There are two wickets, which the bowler attacks
and which the batsman defends. The creases are lines of
whitewash that mark the ground at each wicket. The bowling
and return creases mark the area where the bowler's rear foot
must be placed when bowling the ball; the popping crease
marks the area which is the batsman's ground.

BAT AND BALL - The bat is paddle shaped made of willow and
approximately 11 centimeters wide. It, including the handle,
may not under regulation exceed 97 centimeters in length. The
ball is made of a core of cork encased in red leather. The two
leather halves are sewn together with a raised seam. A
baseball is slightly heavier, softer, and larger than a standard
cricket ball.

DRESS - The players usually wear white flannel pants and shirt,
white canvas or buck shoes, a white woolen sweater (often
times with their club colors trimming it), and multicolored
club caps. A batsman wears protective white pads, or leg
guards, rubber or leather batting gloves, and a body protector.
The wicketkeeper also wears pads and reinforced gloves.
However, the fielders in cricket do not wear gloves when
fielding.
 CRICKET LANGUAGE

CAPPED - A cricket player is"capped" when he is selected to

play for a representative team. This term comes from the use
of club caps in the game.

REPRESENTATIVE TEAM - A "representative team" is a team

of cricket players selected by their ability to represent a
county, a country, etc. These players are normally selected
from among club teams or minor teams.)

INNINGS - An innings has actually several term usages in

cricket. (1) It is a turn of a batsman to bat, (2) a turn of a team
to bat, or (3) when results are being given, it is when one team
still has a turn to bat but has scored more runs than the
opposing team (which has completed its two innings.)

FOLLOW ON - To "follow on" occurs when a team bats out of

turn (e.g. second innings directly after first innings) after
scoring less than the opposing team in first innings by a certain
number of runs.

HIT A SIX - To "hit a six" means to hit the ball over a boundary
without it touching the ground, thus scoring six runs.

STICKY WICKET - A "sticky wicket" is a wicket (pitch) that is

drying after a rain. Any soft soil - turf - makes playing more
difficult for a batsman
PITCH - A "pitch" can be used in several ways. (1) It is the area
going 1.5 meters on either side of the center line between the
wickets, (2) the impact of a bowled ball on the ground, or (3)
the distance from one wicket to the other.

WICKET - The word "wicket" has four meanings in cricket. First,

it is the goal, consisting of three stakes, which two sticks lay on
top of. The batsman defends them and the bowler attempts to
hit. Secondly, it is a turn to bat. Thirdly, a wicket is, in scoring,
if a side is batting last, it is the number of batsmen who have to
be put out (dismissed) when the opponent's score is passed.
And lastly, it is the area between two sets of stumps (also
known as pitch.)

.
 LAWS OF CRICKET
The laws of cricket are a set of rules established by the Marylebone
Cricket Club (MCC) which describe the laws of cricket worldwide, to
ensure uniformity and fairness. There are currently 42 laws, which
outline all aspects of how the game is played.

PLAYERS AND OFFICIALS

Law 1: The players. A cricket team consists of eleven players,
including a captain. Outside of official competitions, teams can agree
to play more than eleven-a-side, though no more than eleven players
may field.
Law 2: Substitutes. In cricket, a substitute may be brought on for an
injured fielder. However, a substitute may not bat, bowl, keep wicket
or act as captain. The original player may return if he has recovered. A
batsman who becomes unable to run may have a runner, who completes
the runs while the batsman continues batting. Alternatively, a batsman
may retire hurt or ill, and may return later to resume his innings if he
recovers.
Law 3: The umpires. There are two umpires, who apply the Laws, make
all necessary decisions, and relay the decisions to the scorers. While
not required under the laws of cricket, in higher level cricket a third
umpire (located off the ground and available to assist the on-field
umpires) may be used under the specific playing conditions of a
particular match or tournament.
Law 4: The scorers. There are two scorers who respond to the
umpires' signals and keep the score.

AN UMPIRE
EQUIPMENT AND LAYING OUT THE PITCH
Law 5: The ball. A cricket ball is between 8 13/16 and 9 inches (22.4
cm and 22.9 cm) in circumference, and weighs between 5.5 and 5.75
ounces (155.9g and 163g). Only one ball is used at a time, unless it is
lost, when it is replaced with a ball of similar wear. It is also replaced
at the start of each innings, and may, at the request of the fielding
side, be replaced with a new ball, after a certain number of overs have
been bowled (80 in Test matches, 34 in ODIs). The gradual degradation
of the
ball through the innings is an important aspect of the game.
Law 6: The bat. The bat is no more than 38 inches (97 cm) in length,
and no more than 4.25 inches (10.8 cm) wide. The hand or glove holding
the bat is considered part of the bat. Ever since the Heavy Metal
incident, a highly publicized marketing attempt by Dennis Lillie, who
brought out an aluminum bat during an international game, the laws
have provided that the blade of the bat must be made of wood (and in
practice, they are made from White Willow wood).
Law 7: The pitch. The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground 22
yards (20 m) long and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide. The Ground Authority selects
and prepares the pitch, but once the game has started, the umpires
control what happens to the pitch. The umpires are also the arbiters of
whether the pitch is fit for play, and if they deem it unfit, with the
consent of both captains can change the pitch. Professional cricket is
almost always played on a grass surface. However, in the event a non-
turf pitch is used, the artificial surface must have a minimum length of
58 ft (18 m) and a minimum width of 6 ft (1.8 m).

Law 8: The wickets. The wicket consists of three wooden stumps that
are 28 inches (71 cm) tall. The stumps are placed along the batting
crease with equal distances between each stump. They are positioned
so they are 9 inches (23 cm) wide.
Two wooden bails are placed on top of the stumps. The bails must
notproject more than 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) above the stumps, and must,
formen’ s cricket, be 45/16 inches (10.95 cm) long. There are also
specifiedlengths for the barrel and spigots of the bail. There are
differentspecifications for the wickets andbails for junior cricket. The
umpiresmay dispense with the bailsif conditions are unfit (i.e. it is
windy sothey might fall off by themselves).

Law 9: Bowling, popping, and return creases. This lawsets out the
dimensions and locations of the creases. Thebowling crease, which is
the line the stumps are in the middleof, is drawn at each end of the
pitch so that the three stumps inthe set of stumps at that end of the
pitch fall on it (andconsequently it is perpendicular to the imaginary
line joiningthe centres of both middle stumps). Each bowling
creaseshould be 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) in length, centred on
themiddle stump at each end, and each bowling crease terminatesat
one of the return creases. The popping crease, whichdetermines
whether a batsman is in his ground or not, andwhich is used in
determining front-foot no balls (see law 24), isdrawnat each end of the
pitch in front of each of the two setsof stumps.
The popping crease must be 4 feet (1.2 m) in frontof and parallel to the
bowling crease. Although it is consideredto have unlimited length, the
popping crease must be markedto at least 6 feet (1.8 m) on either side
of the imaginary linejoining the centres of the middle stumps. The
return creases,which are the lines a bowler must be within when making
adelivery, are drawn on each side of each set of the stumps,along each
sides of the pitch (so there are four return creasesin all, one on either
side of both sets of stumps). The returncreases lie perpendicular to
the popping crease and thebowling crease, 4 feet 4 inches (1.32 m)
either side of andparallel to the imaginary line joining the centres of
the twomiddle stumps. Each return crease terminates at one end atthe
popping crease but the other end is considered to beunlimited in length
and must be marked to a minimum of 8 feet(2.4 m) from the popping
crease.
Law 10: Preparation and maintenance of the playingarea. When a
cricket ball is bowled it almost always bounceson thepitch, and the
behavior of the ball is greatly influencedby the condition of the pitch.
As aconsequence, detailed ruleson the management of the pitch
arenecessary. This lawcontains the rules governing how pitches should
be prepared,mown, rolled, and maintained.

Law 11: Covering the pitch. The pitch is said to be 'covered'when the
groundsmen have placed covers on it to protect itagainst rain or dew.
The laws stipulate that the regulations oncovering the pitch shall be
agreed by both captains in advance.The decision concerning whether
tocover the pitch greatlyaffects how the ball will react to the pitch
surface, as a ballbounces
differently on wet ground as compared to dry ground.The area beyond
the pitch where a bowler runsto deliverthe ball (the 'run-up') should
ideally be kept dry to avoidinjury through slipping and falling, and the
Laws also requirethese to be covered wherever possible when there is
wetweather.

STRUCTURE OF THE GAME

Law 12: Innings. Before the game, the teams agree whetherit is to be
over one or two innings, and whether either or bothinnings are to be
limited by time or by overs. In practice, thesedecisions are likely to be
laid down by Competition Regulations,rather than pre-game agreement.
In two-innings games, thesides bat alternately unless the follow-on (law
13) is enforced.An innings is closed once all batsmen are dismissed, no
furtherbatsmen are fit to play, the innings is declared or forfeited
bythe batting captain, or any agreed time or over limit is reached.The
captain winning the toss of a coin decides whether to bator to bowl
first.
Law 13: The follow-on. In a two innings match, if the sidebatting
second scores substantially fewer runs than the sidebatting first, the
side that batted first can force their opponentsto bat again
immediately. The side that enforced the follow-onrisks not getting to
bat again and thus the chance of winning.For a game of five or more
days, the side batting first must beat least 200 runs ahead to enforce
the follow-on; for a three- orfour-day game, 150 runs; for a two-day
game, 100 runs; for aone-day game, 75 runs. The length of the game is
determinedby the number of scheduled days play left when the
gameactually begins.
Law 14: Declaration and forfeiture. The batting captain candeclare
an innings closed at any time when the ball is dead. Hemay also forfeit
his innings before it has started.
Law 15: Intervals. There are intervals between each day'splay, a ten-
minute interval between innings, and lunch, tea anddrinks intervals. The
timing and length of the intervals must beagreed before the match
begins. There are also provisions formoving the intervals and interval
lengths in certain situations,most notably the provision that if nine
wickets are down, thetea interval is delayed to the earlier of the fall
of the nextwicket and 30 minutes elapsing.
Law 16: Start of play; cessation of play. Play after aninterval
commences with the umpire's call of "Play", and at theend of a session
by "Time". The last hour of a match mustcontain at least 20 overs,
being extendedin timetoinclude 20 overs if necessary.
Law 17: Practice on the field. There may be no batting orbowling
practice on the pitch except before the day's playstarts and after the
day's playhas ended. Bowlers may onlyhave trial run-ups if the umpires
are of theview that it wouldwaste no time.

SCORING AND WINNING

The laws then move on to discuss how runs can be scored andhow one
team can beat the other.
Law 18: Scoring runs. Runs are scored when the twobatsmen run to
each other's end of the pitch. Several runs canbe scored from one ball.
Law 19: Boundaries. A boundary is marked round the edge ofthe field
of play. If the ball is hit into or past this boundary, fourruns are
scored, or six runs if the ball didn't hit the ground
before crossing the boundary.
Law 20: Lost ball. If a ball in play is lost or cannot berecovered,
thefielding side can call "lost ball". The batting sidekeeps any penalty
runs (such as no-balls and wides) and scoresthe higher of six runs and
the number of runs actually runs.
Law 21: The result. The side which scores the most runs winsthe
match. If both sides score the same number of runs, thematch is tied.
However, the match may run out of time beforethe innings have all
been completed. In this case, the match isdrawn.
Law 22: The over. An over consists of six balls bowled,excludingwides
and no balls. Consecutive overs are deliveredfrom opposite ends of the
pitch. A bowler may not bowl twoconsecutive overs.
Law 23: Dead ball. The ball comes into play when the bowlerbegins
hisrun up, and becomes dead when all the action fromthat ball is over.
Once the ball is dead, no runs can be scoredand no batsmen can be
dismissed. The ball becomes dead for anumber of reasons, most
commonly when a batsman isdismissed, when a boundary is hit, or when
the ball has finallysettled with the bowler or wicketkeeper.
Law 24: No ball. A ball can be a no ball for several reasons: ifthe
bowlerbowls from the wrong place; or if he straightens hiselbow during
the delivery; or if the bowling is dangerous; or ifthe ball bounces more
than twice or rolls along the groundbefore reaching the batsman; or if
the fielders are standing inillegal places. A no ball adds one run to the
batting team'sscore, in addition to any other runs which are scored off
it, andthe batsman can't be dismissed off a no ball except by beingrun
out, or by handling the ball, hitting the ball twice, orobstructing the
field.
Law 25: Wide ball. An umpire calls a ball "wide" if, in his orher opinion,
the batsman did not have a reasonable opportunityto score off the ball.
A ball is called wide when the bowler bowlsa bouncer that goes over the
head of the batsman. A wide addsone run to the batting team's score,
in addition to any otherruns which are scored off it, and the batsman
can't bedismissed off a wide except by being run out or stumped, or
byhandling the ball, hitting his wicket, or obstructing the field.
Law 26: Bye and Leg bye. If a ball that is not a no ball orwide passes
the striker and runs are scored, they are calledbyes. If a ball that is
not a no ball hits the striker but not thebat and runs are scored, they
are called leg-byes. However,leg-byes cannot be scored if the striker is
neither attempting astroke nor trying to avoid being hit. Byes and leg-
byes arecredited to the team's but not the batsman's total.

MECHANICS OF DISMISSAL
Law 27: Appeals. If the fielders believe a batsman is out, they may
ask the umpire "How's That?", commonly shouted
emphatically with arms raised, before the next ball is bowled. The
umpire then decides whether the batsman is out. Strictly speaking, the
fielding side must appeal for all dismissals,
including obvious ones such as bowled. However, a batsman who is
obviously out will normally leave the pitch without waiting for an appeal
or a decision from the umpire

Law 28: The wicket is down. Several methods of being outoccur when
thewicket is put down. This means that the wicketis hit by the ball, or
the batsman, or the hand in which a fielderis holding the ball, and at
least one bail is removed.
Law 29: Batsman out of his ground. The batsmen can berun out or
stumped if they are out of their ground. A batsman isin his ground if
any part of him or his bat is on the groundbehind the popping crease.
If both batsmen are in the middle ofthe pitch when a wicket is put
down, the batsman closer to thatend is out.
WAYS TO GET OUT
Law 30: Bowled. A batsman is out if his wicket is put down bya ball
delivered by the bowler. It is irrelevant whether the ballhas touched
thebat, glove, or any part of the batsman beforegoing on to put down
the wicket, though it may not touchanother player or an umpire before
doing so.
Law 31: Timed out. An incoming batsman must be ready toface a ball
(or be at the crease with his partner ready to face aball) within 3
minutes of the outgoing batsman beingdismissed, otherwise the
incoming batsman will be out.
Law 32: Caught. If a ball hits the bat or the hand holding thebat and
isthen caught by the opposition within the field of playbefore the ball
bounces, then the batsman is out.
Law 33: Handled the ball. If a batsman willfully handles theball with a
hand that is not touching the bat without theconsent of the opposition,
he is out.
Law 34: Hit the ball twice. If a batsman hits the ball twice,other
than for the sole purpose of protecting his wicket or withthe consent
of the opposition, he is out.
Law 35: Hit wicket. If, after the bowler has entered hisdelivery
stride and while the ball is in play, a batsman puts hiswicket down by
his bat or his body he is out. The striker is alsoout hit wicket if he puts
his wickets down by his bat or his bodyin setting off for a first run.
"Body" includesthe clothes andequipment of the batsman.
Law 36: Leg before wicket (LBW). If the ball hits thebatsman
without firsthitting the bat, but would have hit thewicket if the
batsman was notthere, and the ball does not pitchon the leg side of the
wicket, the batsman will be out. However,if the ball strikes the
batsman outside the line of the off-stump,and the batsman was
attempting to play a stroke, he is not out.
Law 37: Obstructing the field. If a batsman willfullyobstructs the
opposition by word or action, he is out.
Law 38: Run out. A batsman is out if at any time while theball is in
play no part of his bat or person is grounded behindthe popping crease
andhis wicket is fairly put down by theopposing side.
Law 39: Stumped. A batsman is out when the wicket-keeper(see Law
40) puts down the wicket, while the batsman is out ofhis crease and
not attempting a run.

FIELDERS
Law 40: The wicket-keeper. The keeper is a designated manfrom
thebowling side allowed to stand behind the stumps ofthe batsman. He
is the only player from his side allowed towear gloves and external leg
guards.
Law 41: The fielder. A fielder is any of the eleven cricketersfrom the
bowling side. Fielders are positioned to field the ball,to stop runs and
boundaries, and to get batsmen out bycatching or running them out.

FIELDING POSITIONS :

Law 42: Fair and unfair play.

 TYPES OF MATCHES

Cricket is a multi-faceted sport which, in very broad terms, can

bedivided into major cricket and minor cricket based on
playingstandards. A more pertinent division, particularly in terms of
majorcricket, is between matches in which the teams have two innings
apieceand those in which they have a singleinnings each. The former,
known as first-class cricket, has aduration of three to five days
(there have been examples of"timeless" matches too); the latter,
known as limited overscricket because each team bowls a limit of
typically 50 or 20overs, has a planned duration of one day only (a match
can beextended if necessary due to bad weather, etc.).

Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hoursof playing time

each day. Limited overs matches often last six hours or more.
Thereare usually formal intervals on eachday for lunch and tea with
brief informal breaks for drinks.There is also a short interval between
innings. Historically, aform of cricket known as single wicket had been
extremelysuccessful. In this form, although each team may have
fromone to six players, there is only one batsman at a time and hemust
face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts.

Test cricket
Test cricket is the highest standard of first-class cricket. A
Testmatch is an international fixture between teams representing
those countries that are Full Members of the ICC.Although the
term"Test match" was not coined until muchlater, Test cricket is
deemed to have begun with two matchesbetween Australia and England
inthe1876–77 Australianseason. Subsequently, eight other national
teams haveachieved Test status: South Africa (1889), WestIndies
(1928), NewZealand (1929), India(1932), Pakistan (1952), SriLanka
(1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh(2000).
Zimbabwe suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its inabilityto
compete against other Test teams, and returned in 2011.Test matches
between two teams are usually played in a groupof matches called a
"series". Matches last up to five days anda series normally consists of
three to five matches. Testmatches that are not finished within the
allotted time aredrawn. In the case of Test and first-class cricket: the
possibilityof a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and
wellbehind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a winto
avoid a loss.

Since 1882, most Test series between England and Australiahave been
played for a trophy known as The Ashes. Someother bilateral series
have individual trophies too: for example, the Wisden Trophy is
contested by England and West Indies; the Frank Worrell Trophy by
Australia and West Indies and
the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between India and Australia.

Limited overs
Standard limited overs cricket was introduced in England in
the1963season in the form of a knockout cup contested by thefirst-
classcounty clubs. In 1969, a national league competitionwas
established. The concept was gradually introduced to theother major
cricket countries and the first limited oversinternational was played in
1971. In 1975, the first CricketWorld Cup took place in England.
Limited overs cricket hasseen variousinnovations including the use of
multicolored kitand floodlit matches using a white ball.
A "one day match", named so because each match isscheduled for
completion in a single day, is the common formof limited overs cricket
played on an international level. Inpractice, matches sometimes
continue on a second day if theyhave been interrupted or postponed by
bad weather.
The main objective of a limited overs match is to produce a definite
resultand so a conventional draw is not possible, but matches can
beundecided if the scores are tied or if bad weather prevents aresult.
Each team plays one innings only and faces a limitednumber of overs,
usually a maximum of 50. The Cricket WorldCup is held in one day
format and the last World Cup in 2019was won by the co-hosts,
England. The next World Cup will hosted by India in 2023

Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose

being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an
evening session. The original idea, when the concept was introduced in
England in 2003, was to provide workers with an evening entertainment.
It was commercially successful and has been adopted internationally.

National championships
Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1895. The team won the first of its
30 County Championship titles in 1893. First-class cricket includes
Test cricket but the term is generally used to refer to the highest
level of domestic cricket in those countries with full ICC membership,
although there are exceptions to this. First-class cricket in England is
played for the most part by the 18 county clubs which contest the
County Championship. The concept of a champion county has existed
since the 18th century but the official competition was not established
until 1890. The most successful club has been Yorkshire County
Cricket Club with 30 official titles. Australia established its national
first-class championship in 1892–93 when the Sheffield Shield was
introduced.

In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states. New

South Wales has won the maximum number of
titles with 45 to 2008.
National championship trophies to be established elsewhere included
the Ranji Trophy (India), Plunket Shield (New Zealand), Currie Cup
(South Africa) and Shell Shield (West Indies). Some of these
competitions have been updated and renamed in recent years. Domestic
limited overs competitions began with England's Gillette Cup knockout
in 1963. Countries usually stage seasonal limited overs competitions in
both knockout and league format. In recent years, national Twenty20
competitions have been introduced, usually in knockout form though
some incorporate mini-leagues.

Other types of matches

Indian boys playing cricket on the street with a tennis ball in Uttar
Pradesh, India.
There are numerous variations of the sport played throughout the
world that include indoor cricket, French cricket, beach cricket,
Kwik cricket and all sorts of card games and board games that have
been inspired by cricket. In these variants, the rules are often
changed to make the game playable with limited resources or to render
it more convenient and enjoyable for the participants. Indoor cricket is
played in a netted, indoor arena, and is quite formal but many of the
outdoor variants are very informal. Families and teenagers play
backyard cricket in suburban yards or driveways, and the cities of
India and Pakistan play host to countless games of "Gully Cricket" or
"tapeball" in their long narrow streets.
 ICC WORLD CUP

The ICC Cricket World Cup is the showpiece event of the

cricketcalendar and takes place every four years, with matches
contested in a 50 overs per side format.There have been ten events so
far, with the first tournamenttaking place in England in 1975.

The last ICC Cricket World Cup took place in 2019 in which was
won by England, who hosted the tournament along with Wales.

Other winners of the event include Australia (1987, 1999, 2003,

2007, 2015), West Indies (1975, 1979), India (1983, 2011),
Pakistan(1992)and Sri Lanka (1996).
The next ICC Cricket World Cup will be staged in India in 2023

INDIA NATIONAL CRICKET TEAM

INDIAN CRICKET CREST
The Indian cricket team is the national cricket team of
India.Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket inIndia (BCCI),
it is a full member of the International CricketCouncil(ICC) with Test
and
One Day International (ODI)status.

The Indian cricket team is currently ranked third by the ICC inTests,
second in ODIs and seventh in T20s.On 2 April 2011,the team won the
2011 Cricket World Cup (under the captaincy of M.S. Dhoni), its
secondafter 1983. It thus became only the third team after
WestIndies andAustralia to have won the World Cup more thanonce.
CurrentlyVirat Kohli is the captain in allforms of the game .Under the
leadership of Dhoni, the Indianteam has set a national record for most
back-to-back ODI wins(9 straight wins)and has emerged as one of the
 CURRENT INDIANCRICKET TEAM
mostformidable teams in international cricket.