ADV LALITA PATIL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL(CBSE) AMALNER

2021-22

“CRICKET”

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED

BY:
Prof. Mr. Manoj Chaudhari Mr. Yash A.
Mahajan

TEACHERS SIGNATURE EXTERNAL SIGNATURE PRINCIPAL

SIGNATURE
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Yash A. Mahajan of

class of 12th (PCM) has completed
investigatory project of physical education
entitled “CRICKET”.

It is prepared under the guidance of my

physical education Teacher “Mr. Manoj
Chaudhari”

Signature Signature
(Physical education Teacher) (Principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere

thanks to the school Principal, Mr. Vikas G.
Chaudhari for his encouragement and provided
facilities for this school project. I sincerely
appreciate his generosity by taking me into his
fold for which I shall remain indebted to him.

I extent my appreciation to Mr. Manoj Chaudhari,

our physical education teacher who guided me to
the successful completion of this project. I take
this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude to her invaluable guidance, ongoing
encouragement, enormous motivation, which has
sustained my efforts at all the stages of project
development.

I can’t forget to offer my thanks to my classmates

who helped me to carry out this project
successfully and for their valuable advice and
support which I have received all the time.

Then I would like to thank my parents who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance that has been helpful in various phases
of the completion of the project.

Mr Yash Mahajan
 INDEX
1 Certificate of excellence

2 Acknowledgement

3 Cricket – History At Glance

4 Rules of the game

5 Measurements

6 Gameplay

7 Strategies, tactics and trivia

8 Important Cricket Tournaments

9 Winners Of ICC Cricket World cup

10 Bibliography
 CRICKET
Cricket is a bat and ball game played between two teams, 11 players each, on a
field which has a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch in the centre. The game is
played by 120 million players world-wide making it the second most popular
sport in the world. The purpose of the game is to score more runs than your
opposing team. 

 History at glance

 It is generally believed that cricket originated as a children's

game in the south-eastern counties of England, sometime during
the medieval period.[4] Although there are claims for prior dates,
the earliest definite reference to cricket being played comes from
evidence given at a court case in Guildford in January 1597 (Old
Style), equating to January 1598 in the modern calendar. The case
concerned ownership of a certain plot of land and the court heard
the testimony of a 59-year-old coroner, John Derrick, who gave
witness that.

 In 1844, the first-ever international match took place between

the United States and Canada In 1859, a team of English players
went to North America on the first overseas tour.

 In 1862, an English team made the first tour of Australia.[47] The

first Australian team to travel overseas consisted
of Aboriginal stockmen who toured England in 1868.[48] The first
One Day International match was played on 5 January 1971
between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

 In 1876–77, an England team took part in what was retrospectively

recognised as the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket
Ground against Australia. The rivalry between England and
Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882, and this has remained
Test cricket's most famous contest. Test cricket began to expand in
1888–89 when South Africa played England.
  Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties
introduced the limited overs variant The first Limited Overs
International was played in 1971 and the governing International
Cricket Council (ICC), seeing its potential, staged the first limited
overs Cricket World Cup in 1975. In the 21st century, a new
limited overs form, Twenty20, made an immediate impact.[citation
needed]
 On 22 June 2017, Afghanistan and Ireland became the 11th
and 12th ICC full members, enabling them to play Test cricket.

 RULES OF THE GAME

In cricket, the rules of the game are specified in a code called The Laws of
Cricket (hereinafter called "the Laws") which has a global remit. There are 42
Laws (always written with a capital "L"). The earliest known version of the
code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by
its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London.

1. Match structure and closure:

 Before a match begins, the team captains (who are also players) toss a
coin to decide which team will bat first and so take the
first innings. Innings is the term used for each phase of play in the match.
In each innings, one team bats, attempting to score runs, while the other
team bowls and fields the ball, attempting to restrict the scoring
and dismiss the batters.
  When the first innings ends, the teams change roles; there can be two to
four innings depending upon the type of match. A match with four
scheduled innings is played over three to five days; a match with two
scheduled innings is usually completed in a single day.
 In all forms of cricket, the umpires can abandon the match if bad light or
rain makes it impossible to continue.
2. Overs:
The Laws state that, throughout an innings, "the ball shall be bowled from each
end alternately in overs of 6 balls". At this point, another bowler is deployed at
the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batters do not. A
bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can (and usually
does) bowl alternate overs, from the same end, for several overs which are
termed a "spell".  The batters do not change ends at the end of the over, and so
the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice versa. The umpires also
change positions so that the one who was at "square leg" now stands behind the
wicket at the non-striker's end and vice versa.

 Measurements
Playing court:
 The Pitch Law

 The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground 22 yards/20.12 m in length

and 10 ft/3.05 m in width.
 
 It is bounded at either end by the bowling creases and on either side by
imaginary lines, one each side of the imaginary line joining the centres of
the two middle stumps, each parallel to it and 5 ft/1.52 m from it.

 If the pitch is next to an artificial pitch which is closer than 5 ft/1.52 m

from the middle stumps, the pitch on that side will extend only to the
junction of the two surfaces.

 Cricket field

 The aim shall be to maximise the size of the playing area at each
venue. With respect to the size of the boundaries, no boundary
shall be longer than 90 yards (82.29 metres), and no boundary
should be shorter than 65 yards (59.43 metres) from the centre of
the pitch to be used.

 For limited overs cricket matches, there are two additional field

markings to define areas relating to fielding restrictions. The
"circle" or "fielding circle" is an oval described by drawing a
semicircle of 30 yards (27.4 m) radius from the centre of each
wicket with respect to the breadth of the pitch and joining them
with lines parallel, 30 yards (27.4 m) to the length of the pitch. 

 This divides the field into an infield and outfield and can be
marked by a painted line or evenly spaced discs. The close-infield
is defined by a circle of radius 15 yards (13.7 m), centred at middle
 stump guard on the popping crease at the end of the wicket, and is
often marked by dots.

Dimensions of equipment’s:

 Ball

 Cricket Balls have a diameter between 2.8”-2.86” (7.1-7.26 cm) and

circumference from 8.81”-9” (224-229 mm).

 The mass of a Cricket Ball is between 5.5-5.75 oz (156-163 g).

Players and officials:

 No of players in each team= 11 (excluding extras)

 No of substitutes in each team= 1
 Officials of match= On the field of play, there are two
umpires officiating a match. One umpire stands behind the stumps at the
bowler's end of the pitch, while the other umpire stands at square leg. At
international level there is also a third umpire on the side-lines and a
match referee.
  Gameplay
Ways of getting out:
Caught:
If a fielder catches the ball on the full after the batsman has hit it with his bat.
However, if the fielder catches the ball, but either during the catch or
immediately afterwards touches or steps over the boundary, then the batsman
scores six runs and is not out.
Bowled:
If the batsman misses the ball and it hits and breaks the wicket directly from the
bowler's delivery. The batsman is out whether or not he is behind his popping
crease. He is also out bowled if the ball breaks the wicket after deflecting from
his bat or body. The batsman is not out if the wicket does not break.
Leg Before Wicket:
If the batsman misses the ball with his bat, but intercepts it with part of his body
when it would otherwise have hit the wicket, and provided several other
conditions (described below) are satisfied. An umpire must adjudicate such a
decision, and will only do so if the fielding team appeal the decision
Hit Wicket:
If, in attempting to hit a ball or taking off for a first run, the batsman touches
and breaks the wicket. This includes with the bat or dislodged pieces of the
batsman's equipment - even a helmet or spectacles!
Handle The Ball:
If a batsman touches the ball with a hand not currently holding the bat, without
the permission of the fielding side. This does not include being hit on the hand
by a delivery, or any other non-deliberate action.
Obstructing The Field:
If a batsman deliberately interferes with the efforts of fielders to gather the ball
or effect a run out. This does not include running a path between the fielder and
the wicket so that the fielder cannot throw the stumps down with the ball, which
is quite legal, but does include any deliberate attempt to swat the ball away.
Hit The Ball Twice:
If a batsman hits a delivery with his bat and then deliberately hits the ball again
for any reason other than to defend his wicket from being broken by the ball. If
the ball is bouncing or rolling around near the stumps, the batsman is entitled to
knock it away so as to avoid being bowled, but not to score runs.
Timed Out:
If a new batsman takes longer than two minutes, from the time the previous
wicket falls, to appear on the field.

Extras:
Extras are runs scored by means other than when the ball is hit by a batsman.
Extras are not credited to any batsman, and are recorded by the scorer
separately. The total number of runs for the innings is equal to the sums of the
individual batsmen's scores and the extras. There are four types of extras: no
balls, wides, byes, and leg byes.
 No Ball:
 The bowler must bowl each ball with part of his frontmost foot
behind the popping crease. If he oversteps this mark, he has bowled
a no ball.
 The batsman may play and score runs as usual, and may not be out
by any means except run out, handle the ball, hit the ball twice, or
obstructing the field. Further, if the batsman does not score any
runs from the ball, one run is added to the batting team's score.
 Also, the bowler must bowl an extra ball in his over to compensate.
A no ball is also called if any part of the bowler's back foot is not
within the area between the return creases.

 Wide:
 If the bowler bowls the ball far to one side or over the head of the
batsman, so making it impossible to score, the umpire will signal the ball
as a wide . This gives the batting team one run and the bowler must
rebowl the ball. The striker may not be out hit wicket off a wide ball.

 Byes:
 If the striker misses a ball and the wicket-keeper fails to gather it cleanly,
the batsmen may take runs. These runs are called byes and are scored as
extras.

 Leg byes:
  If the striker, in attempting to play a shot, deflects the ball with part of his
body, the batsmen may attempt to take a run. Such runs are called leg
byes . If the striker did not attempt to play a shot with his bat, leg byes
may not be taken.

 Strategies, Tactics and Trivia

Bowling styles:
There are two basic approaches to bowling: fast and spin. A fast bowler bowls
the ball as fast as practicable, attempting to defeat the batsman with its pace A
spin bowler has a more ambling run-up and uses wrist or finger motion to
impart a spin to the ball. 
 Leg cutter or off-cutter:  A delivery is called a leg-cutter if the ball moves
from the leg side to the off side of a right-handed batsman, or an off-
cutter if moves from the off to the leg.

 Off Spin:  
 If you twist your hand in a clockwise direction on release, then the spin
on the ball will be such that when it bounces it will spin to your right.
This is essentially off-spin bowling
 The off-spin delivery itself is called either an off-spinner or an off-break.
An off-spin bowler will sometimes not spin the ball so much, putting
more pace on the delivery. Such a delivery is called an arm-ball.

 Leg Spin:  twisting the ball anticlockwise and releasing it from the palm
so that it 'rolls' over the base of the little finger. This gives the ball spin in
the opposite direction, so it spins left when it bounces. This is basic leg-
spin.
 Tricky Spins:
 With the wrist cocked a little towards the inside of the arm, you can
produce top-spinners.
 producing spin in the same direction as an off-spinner. A ball bowled in
this way by a leg-spin bowler is called a wrong 'un, or sometimes
a googly. 
  Probably trickiest of all is a ball bowled with the hand in the same
position as a top-spinner, but released from under the hand, thereby
gaining back-spin. This ball is called a flipper

 Orthodox and Unorthodox spinners:

 A left-handed bowler who uses the same action as an off-spinner is called

an orthodox spinner.
 A left-hander who bowls with the same action as a leg-spinner is called
an unorthodox spinner 
 The top-spinner and flipper retain their names. And the left-handed
analogue of the wrong 'un is called Chinaman.

 Some of the different types of balls bowled have special names:

Bouncer:
A ball bounced short so that it bounces high, usually chest height or higher as it
passes the batsman.
Yorker:
A ball bounced very close to the batsman's crease. This is difficult to score from
and often gets batsmen out, but is difficult to bowl without accidentally bowling
a full toss

Batsman's Shots:
The different types of shots a batsman can play are described by names:
 Block:
A defensive shot played with the bat vertical and angled down at the front,
intended to stop the ball and drop it down quickly on to the pitch in front of the
batsman.
 Drive:
An offensive shot played with the bat sweeping down through the vertical. The
ball travels swiftly along the ground in front of the striker. A drive can be an on
drive, straight drive, off drive, or cover drive, depending in which direction it
goes.
 Cut:
A shot played with the bat close to horizontal, which hits the ball somewhere in
the arc between cover and gully.
 Edge, or Glance:
A shot played off the bat at a glancing angle, through the slips area.
 Leg Glance:
A shot played at a glancing angle behind the legs, so that it goes in the direction
of fine leg.
 Pull:
A horizontal bat shot which pulls the ball around the batsman into the square leg
area.
 Sweep:
Like a pull shot, except played with the backmost knee on the ground, so as to
hit balls which bounce low.
 Hook:
Like a pull shot, but played to a bouncer and intended to hit the ball high in the
air over square leg - hopefully for six runs.
 French Cut:
An attempt at a cut shot which hits the bottom edge of the bat and goes into the
area behind square leg.
 Reverse Sweep:
A sweep with the bat reversed, into the point area.
Weird Terminologies:
 If a bowler completes an over without any runs being scored from it, it is
termed a maiden.

 If a batsman gets out without scoring any runs, he is said to be out for
a duck. A batsman out for a duck while facing his first delivery of the
innings is out for a golden duck.

 The runs scored while two batsmen bat together are called
their partnership. There are ten partnerships per completed innings,
labelled from first-wicket partnership to tenth-wicket partnership, in
order.
  A nightwatchman is a batsman who comes in to bat out of order
towards the end of a day's play in a multi-day game, in order to 'protect'
better batsmen. 

 A sightscreen is a large screen positioned on the boundary so that it

forms a backdrop behind the bowler, so that the striker can see the ball
clearly.

 A rabbit is a player (almost invariably a bowler, but sometimes a wicket-

keeper) who is a very poor batsman.

 A ferret is an extremely poor batsman (so called because he "goes in

after the rabbits").

 Important cricket tournaments

 ICC Cricket World Cup

 ICC Champions Trophy

 T20 World cup

 Ashes Series

 Champions league Twenty20

 Indian Premier League

  NatWest Series

 Border-Gavaskar Trophy

 Asia Cup

 Commonwealth Bank Series

 WINNERS OF ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP

Cricket World Cup Winners List (ODI)

Runner-
Year Host Winner Score Score Result
up

West 291–
1975 England Australia 274 West Indies won by 17 runs
Indies 8

West 286–
1979 England England 194 West Indies won by 92 runs
Indies 9

West
1983 England India 183 140 India won by 43 runs
Indies
 253– 246–
1987 India and Pakistan Australia England Australia won by 7 runs
5 8

Australia and New 249–

1992 Pakistan England 227 Pakistan won by 22 runs
Zealand 6

245–
1996 Pakistan and India Sri Lanka Australia 241 Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
3

133–
1999 England Australia Pakistan 132 Australia won by 8 wickets
2

359–
2003 South Africa Australia India 234 Australia won by 125 runs
2

281– 215–
2007 West Indies Australia Sri Lanka Australia won by 53 runs
4 8

India and 277– 274–

2011 India Sri Lanka India won by 6 wickets
Bangladesh 4 6

Australia and New 186– New

2015 Australia 183 Australia won by 7 wickets
Zealand 3 Zealand

New 241– Match tied after regular play and super

2019 England and Wales England 241
Zealand 8 over; England won on boundary count

 Bibliography

 Wikipedia

 12th NCERT (Physical Education)

 Cricket Unit

 International Cricket Council

 Career Power