Physical Properties

of Dental Materials (2)

Dr. MOHAMED M. ABDUL-MONEM
L E CTU R ER OF DE N TAL B I OMATE R IALS
FAC U LT Y O F D E N T I S T R Y

ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY & ALALAMEIN

DR.MOHAMED MAHMOUD ABDUL-MONEM I N T E R N AT I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y 1
 ADHESION

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 Examples of adhesion in dentistry

Definition of adhesion

Types of adhesion
Adhesion
Principles of adhesion

Requirements for formation of a strong

adhesive joint
Failure of adhesion

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 Examples of adhesion in
dentistry

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Definition of adhesion
•It is the force that binds two
dissimilar materials (adherend or
substrate) together when they are
brought into intimate contact by
the attraction of atoms or
molecules at surfaces.
•An intermediate layer called
adhesive must be placed.

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 Adhesion vs Cohesion
Cohesion :
Is the attraction between
atoms or molecules within
one substance.

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Types of adhesion
Chemo-
Mechanical Chemical
mechanical
• Through • Through • Combination of
roughness and chemical bonds both types.
irregularities of between
the adherend’s adhesive and
surface adherend.

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 Surface energy

Surface tension
Principles of
adhesion
Wetting

contact angle

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Principles of adhesion
1.Surface energy
•Free energy at the surface of a liquid or solid
is greater than in its interior.
•Atom (A) is surrounded by its normal
complement or neighbor atoms.
•Atom (B) is only bonded to a few atoms.
•There is a greater tendency for atom (B) to
satisfy its bonding requirements, due to its
high free surface energy .
•This is achieved by bonding with other
substrates.

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Principles of adhesion
2. Surface tension
Surface tension is the property of the surface
of a liquid that allows it to resist an external
force, due to the cohesive nature of its
molecules.

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Principles of adhesion
3. Wetting
Describes a liquid’s tendency to spread over a solid surface.

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Principles of adhesion
3. Wetting
•The higher the surface tension of a liquid,
the more it will try to reduce its surface High solid
surface
area by forming a sphere and the less will energy
it tend to wet the solid.
Increased
•The higher the surface energy of a solid, wetting
the more it will tend to attract a liquid and
Low liquid
thus the wetting of the surface will surface
increase. tension

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Principles of adhesion
3. Wetting
•Dental cements or bonding agents must
flow easily (adequate viscosity) into
irregularities between two solids for high
bond strength.

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Principles of adhesion
4.Contact angle
•The degree of spreading of a
liquid on a solid.
•The lower the contact angle,
the greater the wetting
tendency will be.

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Requirements for formation of a strong adhesive joint

Low contact
Cleanliness of Low surface
angle between
substrate tension of liquid
adherend and
(Adherend) (adhesive)
adhesive.

Chemical bond
High surface Microirregualrites
between
energy of on adherend
adherend and
adherend. surface.
adhesive

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 Failure of adhesion

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Failure of
adhesion

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Please refer to
your reference
textbook for
further reading

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Don’t forget that you will have a quiz next week

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