Safety Relief Valve Sizing Report

Technical Feasibility Report on Safety Relief Valve and other safety Fittings.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 - Valve Sizing Calculation

I. Introduction
II. NFPA-58, 2004 Edition Guidelines and recommended practice
III. API-520 Guidelines and recommended practice
IV. Sizing calculation Examples
V. Discharge Capacity table-I for LPG mobile tankers and static Vessel
VI. Discharge Capacity table-II for LPG mobile tankers and static Vessel
Chapter 3 - Codes and Standards Followed

I. Introduction
II. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
III. American Petroleum Institute (API)
IV. SMPV (U) Rules, 2016
Chapter 4 - Terminology
I. General
II. Parts of Safety Relief Devices
III. Dimensional Characteristics - Safety Relief Valves
IV. Operational Characteristics - Safety Relief Devices
V. System Characteristics
Chapter 5 - Engineering Support Information (USCS Units)

I. Introduction
II. Compressibility Factor
III. Ratio of Specific Heats and Coefficient C
IV. Equivalents and Conversion Factors.
VI. Typical LPG/Air Properties
Chapter 6 - Appendix
I. Required Sizing Data
II.Safety Relief Valve Specification Sheet
Chapter 7 – Safety Fittings

I. Roto Gauge Details
II .Fixed Tube Gauge Details
Chapter 1 – Introduction
The primary purpose of a safety Relief valve is to protect life and property by venting process fluid
from an over pressurized vessel. Proper sizing, selection, manufacture, assembly, testing,
installation, and maintenance of a safety Relief Valve are all critical for optimal protection of the
vessel or system.
Chapter 2 - Valve Sizing and Calculation
I. Introduction
This section will provide the sizing formulae, guidelines and calculation of Safety Relief Valve for
various different cases of LPG Mobile tankers and static vessels.
II. NFPA-58, 2004 Edition Guidelines and recommended practice.
Required external surface Area of pressure vessel/mobile tanker is calculated using NFPA-58, 2004.
Total surface area Aw of vessel is computed by following formula.
I. Formula for cylindrical vessel with hemispherical head.
Surface area= Overall length*outside Diameter*3.1416
II. Formula for cylindrical vessel with non hemispherical head.
Surface area= (Overall length+0.3*outside Diameter)*outside Diameter*3.1416
Required Minimum Relieving Capacity of safety relief Valve of pressure vessel/mobile tanker is
calculated using NFPA-58, 2004.
Required Minimum Discharge capacity of safety Relieve valve in SCFM standard cubic feet per
minute is calculated using following formula.
SCFM= 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
Where Aw is in Ft2
In addition following guidelines taken into consideration from NFPA-58, 2004.
I. As per Annexure E.2.2, it is advised that spring loaded pressure relief valves should be used
for above ground and road tanker vessels.
II. The minimum rate of discharge for spring loaded pressure Relief valves should be based on
outside surface area of the vessel/container on which the valves are installed.
III. Figure A.3.3.72.5.4 for NFPA-58 2004, Annexure - A recommended internal spring
type pressure relief valve typical picture.
III. API-520 Guide Lines and recommended Practice
Required Minimum Relieving Area and Diameter of safety relief Valve of pressure
vessel/mobile tanker is calculated using API520.
Minimum required discharge/relieving Area in square inches for set pressure ≥ 15 psig is
calculated using below formula.
A= V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
V : Required Relieving capacity in SCFM
M : Molecular weight
T : Absolute relieving temperature in degree Rankine, ◦R= ◦F+460
Z : Compressibility Factor
C : Gas constant based on specific heat ratio Cp/Cv
K : Coefficient of discharge or nozzle discharge coefficient, ratio of actual
discharge to theoretical discharge= (0.975*0.9)
P1 : Relieving pressure = Set pressure*1.1 + 14.7 psia
Kb : Back pressure correction factor
Kc : combination factor if rapture disc is used, if no rapture disc then Kc=1.0
Note: the volumetric flow equation uses SCFM, since capacity is equivalent Air, so use M=29,
T=60+460, Z=1.0
IV. Sizing calculation Examples
1. Study Case 1 For 7.5 MT LPG capacity vessel (Mobile Tanker)

Vessel specification
Design Pressure: 14.5 Kg/cm2 + 3G effect = 15.24 kg/cm2
LPG capacity: 7.5 MT
Water capacity: 16000 liters
Dish end: Torispherical head
Shell internal Dai: 1960 mm
Shell outside Dai: 1980 mm
Overall length of vessel: 5680 mm
Thickness of shell: 10 mm with wear and tear Allowance.
Step One: External surface area calculation for the vessel in (ft2) for non hemispherical dished end
Aw = (Overall length+0.3* outside Dai)* outside Dai *3.1416
= (5.680+0.3*1.980)*1.980*3.1416
= 39.0 M2
= 39.0*10.7639
= 420.0 ft2
Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(420) 0.82
= 7591.22 SCFM
Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 7591.22*(29*520*1.0)^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 1.8 (inch2)
Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 1.51 inch
2. Study Case 2 For 12 MT LPG capacity vessel(Mobile Tanker)
LPG capacity: 12 MT
Dish end: Hemispherical head
Step One: External surface area calculation for the vessel in (ft2)
Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416
= 6.832*2.340*3.1416
= 50.224 M2
= 50.224*10.7639
= 540.6 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(540.6) 0.82
= 9340.9 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 9340.9*(29*520*1.0)^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 2.21 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 1.68 inch
LPG capacity: 18 MT
= 9.631*2.374*3.1416
= 71.82 M2
= 71.82*10.7639
= 773.16 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(773.16) 0.82
= 12525.86 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 12525.86*(29*520*1.0)^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 2.96 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 1.94 inch
LPG capacity: 21 MT
= 11.180*2.364*3.1416
= 83.03 M2
= 83.03*10.7639
= 893.7 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(893.7) 0.82
= 14106.4 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 14106.4*(29*520*1.0)^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 3.34 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 2.06 inch
5. Study Case 5 For 50 MT LPG capacity (static vessel)
Design Pressure: 14.5 Kg/cm2 + Static head = 14.81 kg/cm2
LPG capacity: 50 MT
= 11.977*3.132*3.1416
= 117.84 M2
= 117.84*10.7639
= 1268.5 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(1268.5) 0.82
= 18798.45 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 18798.45*(29*520*1.0) ^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 4.45 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 2.38 inch
LPG capacity: 30 MT
= 11.400*2.832*3.1416
= 101.4 M2
= 101.4*10.7639
= 1091.7 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(1268.5) 0.82
= 16621.9 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 16621.9*(29*520*1.0) ^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 3.93 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 2.23 inch
LPG capacity: 20 MT
Dish end: Non Hemispherical head
= 10.907*2.364*3.1416
= 81 M2
= 81*10.7639
= 872 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(872) 0.82
= 13824 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 13824*(29*520*1.0) ^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 3.27 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 2.04 inch
LPG capacity: 10 MT
Dish end: Non Hemispherical head
Step One: External surface area calculation for the vessel in (ft2) for non hemispherical dished end
Aw = (Overall length+0.3* outside Dai)* outside Dai *3.1416
= (5.932+0.3*2.182)*2.182*3.1416
= 45.15 M2
= 69.9*10.7639
= 486 ft2
V = 53.632*(Aw) 0.82
= 53.632*(486) 0.82
= 8559.84 SCFM
A = V*(MTZ) 0.5/6.32*C*K*P1*Kb*Kc
= 8559.84*(29*520*1.0) ^0.5/6.32*356*0.975*0.9*262.2*1.0*1.0
= 2.02 (inch2)
D = (4*A/3.1416)0.5
= 1.60 inch
V. Discharge Capacity table-I for LPG mobile tankers and static Vessel
LPG Vessel External Minimum Calculated Calculated SRV set Provided

capacity surface area required minimum minimum pressure SRV Size
(Mobile relieving discharge discharge Diameter
Tanker) Capacity air Area Diameter
MT Ft2 SCFM Inch2 Inch Psig Inch
7.5 420 7591.22 1.8 1.51 225 2” , two
numbers
12 540.6 9340.9 2.8 1.68 225 2” , two
numbers
18 773.16 12525.86 2.96 1.94 225 2” , two
numbers
21 893.7 14106.4 3.34 2.06 225 2”,three
numbers
LPG Vessel External Minimum Calculated Calculated SRV set Provided
capacity surface area required minimum minimum pressure SRV Size
(static in relieving discharge discharge Diameter
Vessel) Capacity air Area Diameter
MT Ft2 SCFM Inch2 Inch Psig Inch
10 486 8559.84 2.02 1.60 225 2” , two
numbers
20 872 13824 3.27 2.04 225 2” , three
numbers
30 1091 16621.9 3.93 2.23 225 2” , three
numbers
50 1268.5 18798.45 4.45 2.38 225 2”,four
numbers
VI. Discharge Capacity table-II for LPG mobile tankers and static Vessel
Required Minimum rate of discharge in SCFM of air at 120% of the maximum permitted start to
discharge pressure for pressure relief valve to be used on ASME vessels (from NFPA -58)
Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge

Area Rate Rate Rate Area Rate Rate Rate
Ft2 SCFM M3/sec M3/min Ft2 SCFM M3/sec M3/min
20 626 0.30 18 150 3265 1.54 92
25 751 0.35 21 155 3353 1.58 95
30 872 0.41 25 160 3442 1.62 97
35 990 0.47 28 165 3530 1.67 100
40 1104 0.52 31 170 3617 1.71 102
45 1216 0.57 34 175 3704 1.75 105
50 1326 0.63 38 180 3791 1.79 107
55 1434 0.68 41 185 3877 1.83 110
60 1540 0.73 44 190 3963 1.87 112
65 1644 0.78 47 195 4048 1.91 115
70 1747 0.82 49 200 4133 1.95 117
75 1849 0.87 52 205 4218 1.99 119
80 1950 0.92 55 210 4302 2.03 122
85 2049 0.97 58 215 4386 2.07 124
90 2147 1.01 61 220 4469 2.11 127
95 2245 1.06 64 225 4552 2.15 129
100 2341 1.10 66 230 4635 2.19 131
105 2437 1.15 69 235 4717 2.23 134
110 2531 1.19 72 240 4800 2.27 136
115 2625 1.24 74 245 4881 2.30 138
120 2719 1.28 77 250 4963 2.34 141
125 2811 1.33 80 255 5044 2.38 143
130 2903 1.37 82 260 5125 2.42 145
135 2994 1.41 85 265 5206 2.46 147
140 3085 1.46 87 270 5286 2.49 150
145 3175 1.50 90 275 5366 2.53 152
Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge
Area Rate Rate Rate Area Rate Rate Rate
Ft2 SCFM M3/sec M3/min Ft2 SCFM M3/sec M3/min
280 5446 2.57 154 410 7446 3.51 211
285 5526 2.61 156 450 8036 3.79 228
290 5605 2.65 159 500 8762 4.13 248
295 5684 2.68 161 550 9474 4.47 268
300 5763 2.72 163 600 10174 4.80 288
305 5842 2.76 165 650 10865 5.13 308
310 5920 2.79 168 700 11545 5.45 327
315 5998 2.83 170 750 12217 5.77 346
320 6076 2.87 172 800 12881 6.08 365
325 6154 2.90 174 850 13538 6.39 383
330 6232 2.94 176 900 14187 6.70 402
335 6309 2.98 179 950 14831 7.00 420
340 6386 3.01 181 1000 15468 7.30 438
345 6463 3.05 183 1050 16099 7.60 456
350 6540 3.09 185 1100 16725 7.89 474
355 6616 3.12 187 1150 17346 8.19 491
360 6693 3.16 190 1200 17962 8.48 509
365 6769 3.19 192 1250 18573 8.77 526
370 6845 3.23 194 1300 19180 9.05 543
375 6920 3.27 196 1350 19783 9.34 560
380 6996 3.30 198 1400 20382 9.62 577
385 7071 3.34 200 1450 20977 9.90 594
390 7147 3.37 202 1500 21568 10.18 611
395 7222 3.41 204 1550 22156 10.46 627
400 7296 3.44 207 1600 22741 10.73 644
405 7371 3.48 209 1650 23322 11.01 660
1700 23900 11.28 677
1750 24475 11.55 693
1800 25047 11.82 709
841 13420 6.33 380 1850 25616 12.09 725
1900 26182 12.36 741
1950 26746 12.62 757
2000 27307 12.89 773
1. Cylindrical vessel with Hemispherical Head A (ft2)= Overall length (ft)*Outside

Diameter*3.1416
2. Cylindrical vessel with Non Hemispherical Head A (Ft2)= (Overall length (ft)+0.3*outside
diameter(ft))*(Outside Diameter *3.1416)
3. Discharge Flow rate SCFM Air= 53.632*A^0.82
Conversion Factor
Ft2 = 0.092903 m2
M3/min = SCFM * 0.028317 Meter= Ft*0.3048
Chapter 3 - Codes and Standards
I. Introduction
This section will provide highlights on global codes, standards and recommended practices
referenced in sizing the safety relief valve in this report.
II. National Fire Protection Agency, NFPA 58 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code (2014 Edition)
The US-based organization established over 100 years ago to provide fire prevention guidance via
recommended practices, codes, and standards. Since external fire or heat input is often a source of
overpressure for vessels and equipment. There are several of these NFPA codes that may be used to
size and select pressure relieving devices. This code (NFPA-58) can apply to tanks and piping that
are used to provide propane, or similar hydrocarbon having a vapor pressure not exceeding that of
propane. The scope also applies to road transportation, many marine terminals and onshore
pipeline storage tanks that handle this type of liquid petroleum. Where storage vessels are built for
use at 15 psig (1.03 barg) and above, then these vessels are to be designed per ASME Section VIII or
other similar codes. These vessels are to have pressure relief valves designed to open on vapor
service. Direct acting spring loaded valves are required up to a vessel volume of 40,000 gallons
(151 m3) of water capacity. Above this volume, either direct acting or pilot operated pressure relief
devices are allowed. There are also requirements for the use of thermal relief valves for piping
systems. For non-refrigerated tanks, isolation valves are not allowed unless two or more pressure
relief valves are installed on a manifold and only one pressure relief valve can be isolated. The
remaining active pressure relief valve must have adequate capacity to meet the requirements.
There are to be no isolation valves on the outlet piping. The minimum testing interval for non-
refrigerated tanks is ten years.
III. API Standard/Recommended Practice 520 - Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure
Relieving Devices: The scope of API 520 deals with pressure vessels with a MAWP of 15 psig (1.03
barg) and above. The relieving devices designed for unfired vessels, such as those listed as ASME
Section VIII and other similar codes. One of the sizing techniques listed in API 520 is utilized
Chapters 2 for SRV sizing calculation.
SMPV (U) Rules, 2016: The role of SMPV (U) rule 2016 is central and main guiding source in
selection and sizing of Safety relief Valve of static and Mobile pressure vessels. Sub Rule 2 of Rule
18 of SMPV (U) Rules 2016, specifies the use of two or more than two pressure relieving devices in
accordance with the provision of the design code referred to in Rule 13.The relief valve shall be
spring loaded and shall be set to discharge and reach full flow conditions as required by the design
code referred to in rule 13.The safety relief valve on any vessel shall be set to start to discharge at a
pressure not exceeding 110 % of the design pressure or maximum working pressure of the vessel
and shall have a total relieving capacity sufficient to prevent the maximum pressure in the vessel of
more than 120% of the design or maximum working pressure.
Chapter 4 - Terminology
This chapter contains common and standardized terminology related to Safety relief Valve.
I. General
Bench Testing
Testing of a safety relief device on a test stand using an external pressure source with or without an
auxiliary lift device to determine some or all of its operating characteristics of the valve.
Safety Valve
A pressure relief valve characterized by rapid opening or closing and normally used to relieve
compressible fluids.
Relief Valve
A pressure relief valve characterized by gradual opening or closing generally proportional to the
increase or decrease in pressure. It is normally used for incompressible fluids.
Safety Relief Valve
A pressure relief valve characterized by rapid opening or closing or by Gradual opening or closing,
generally proportional to the increase or decrease in pressure. It can be used for compressible or
incompressible fluids.
II. Parts of Pressure Relief Devices
Adjusting Ring: a ring assembled to the nozzle and/or guide of a direct spring valve used to control
the opening characteristics and/or the reseat pressure
Adjustment Screw: a screw used to adjust the set pressure or the reseat pressure of a reclosing
safety relief device.
Body: a pressure retaining or containing member of a safety relief device that supports the parts of
the valve assembly and has provisions(s) for connecting to the primary and/or secondary pressure
source(s).
Seat: the pressure sealing surfaces of the fixed and moving pressure containing components.
Spindle: a part whose axial orientation is parallel to the travel of the disc. It may be used in one or
more of the following functions:
a. assists in alignment,
b. guide disc travel, and
c. transfer of internal or external forces to the seats.
Spring: the element in a pressure relief valve that provides the force to keep the disc on the nozzle.
Stem: see spindle.
III. Dimensional Characteristics of Safety Relief Valves
Actual Discharge Area: the measured minimum net area which determines the flow through a
valve determines the flow through a valve.
Bore Area: the minimum cross-sectional flow area of a nozzle.
Bore Diameter: the minimum diameter of a nozzle.
Developed Lift: the actual travel of the disc from closed position to the position reached when the
valve is at flow rating pressure.
Discharge Area: see actual discharge area.
Effective Discharge Area: a nominal or computed area of flow through a pressure relief valve used
with an effective discharge coefficient to calculate minimum required relieving capacity.
IV. Operational Characteristics of Safety Relief Devices
Blowdown: the difference between actual set pressure of a safety relief valve and actual reseating
pressure, expressed as a percentage of set pressure or in pressure units.
Blowdown Pressure: the value of decreasing inlet static pressure at which no further discharge is
detected at the outlet of a safety relief valve after the valve has been subjected to a pressure equal
to or above the set pressure.
Closing Pressure: the value of decreasing inlet static pressure at which the valve disc re-
establishes contact with the seat or at which lift becomes zero.
Coefficient of Discharge: the ratio of the measured relieving capacity to the theoretical relieving
capacity.
Effective Coefficient of Discharge: a nominal value used with the effective discharge area to
calculate the minimum required relieving capacity of a pressure relief valve.
Leak Test Pressure: the specified inlet static pressure at which a quantitative seat leakage test is
performed in accordance with a standard procedure.
Marked Set Pressure: the value or values of pressure marked on a pressure relief device.
Measured Relieving Capacity: the relieving capacity of a pressure relief device measured at the
flow rating pressure, expressed in gravimetric or volumetric units.
Overpressure: a pressure increase over the set pressure of a pressure relief valve, usually
expressed as a percentage of set pressure.
Popping Pressure: the value on increasing inlet static pressure at which the disc moves in the
opening direction at a faster rate as compared with corresponding movement at higher or lower
pressures.
Primary Pressure: the pressure at the inlet in a pressure relief device.
Relieving Conditions: the inlet pressure and temperature on a pressure relief device during an
overpressure condition. The relieving pressure is equal to the valve set pressure plus the
overpressure. (The temperature of the flowing fluid at relieving conditions may be higher or lower
than the operating temperature.)
Resealing Pressure: the value of decreasing inlet static pressure at which no further leakage is
detected after closing. The method of detection may be a specified water seal on the outlet or other
means appropriate for this application.
Reseating Pressure: see closing pressure.
Seal-Off Pressure: see resealing pressure.
Secondary Pressure: the pressure existing in the passage between the actual discharge area and
the valve outlet in a safety, safety relief, or relief valve
Set Pressure: the value of increasing inlet static pressure at which a pressure relief device displays
one of the operational characteristics as defined under opening pressure, popping pressure or
start-to-leak pressure. (The applicable operating characteristic for a specific device design is
specified by the device manufacturer.)
Simmer: the audible or visible escape of fluid between the seat and disc at an inlet static pressure
below the popping pressure and at no measurable capacity. It applies to safety or safety relief
valves on compressible fluid service.
Start-to-Discharge Pressure: see opening pressure.
Start-to-Leak Pressure: the value of increasing inlet static pressure at which the first bubble
occurs when a pressure relief valve is tested by means of air under a specified water seal on the
outlet.
Theoretical Relieving Capacity: the computed capacity expressed in gravimetric or volumetric
units of a theoretically perfect nozzle having a minimum cross-sectional flow area equal to the
actual discharge area of a pressure relief valve or net flow area of a non-reclosing pressure relief
device.
V. System Characteristics
Accumulation: is the pressure increase over the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of
the process vessel or storage tank allowed during discharge through the pressure relief device. It is
expressed in pressure units or as a percentage of MAWP or design pressure. Maximum allowable
accumulations are typically established by applicable codes for operating and fire overpressure
contingencies.
Design Pressure: is the pressure of the vessel along with the design temperature that is used to
determine the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristic of each vessel component
as determined by the vessel design rules. The design pressure is selected by the user to provide a
suitable margin above the most severe pressure expected during normal operation at a coincident
temperature. It is the pressure specified on the purchase order. This pressure may be used in place
of the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) in all cases where the MAWP has not been
established. The design pressure is equal to or less than the MAWP.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure: is the maximum gauge pressure permissible at the top
of a completed process vessel or storage tank in its normal operating position at the designated
coincident temperature specified for that pressure. The pressure is the least of the values for the
internal or external pressure as determined by the vessel design rules for each element of the
vessel using actual nominal thickness, exclusive of additional metal thickness allowed for corrosion
and loadings other than pressure. The maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) is the basis
for the pressure setting of the pressure relief devices that protect the vessel. The MAWP is normally
greater than the design pressure but must be equal to the design pressure when the design rules
are used only to calculate the minimum thickness for each element and calculations are not made to
determine the value of the MAWP.
Maximum Operating Pressure: is the maximum pressure expected during normal system
operation.
Chapter 5 - Engineering Support Information (English Units)
I. Introduction
This section will provide highlights on various engineering support information
II. Compressibility Factor

The gas and vapor formulas used in this report are based on perfect gas laws. Many real gases and
vapors, however, deviate from a perfect gas. The compressibility factor Z is used to compensate for
the deviations of real gases from the ideal gas. The compressibility factor may be determined from
thermodynamic charts such as the Nelson Obert compressibility chart shown in Figure-1 below. Z is
a function of the reduced pressure and the reduced temperature of the gas. The reduced
temperature is equal to the ratio of the actual absolute inlet gas temperature to the absolute critical
temperature of the gas.
Tr=T/Tc
Where:
Tr = Reduced temperature
T = Inlet fluid temperature, °F + 460
Tc = Critical temperature, °F + 460
The reduced pressure is equal to the ratio of the actual absolute inlet
Pr=P/Pc
Where:
Pr = Reduced pressure
P = Relieving pressure
(Set pressure + overpressure + atmospheric pressure), psia
Pc = Critical pressure, psia
Determination of Z from Nelson Obert Compressibility Chart:

Enter the chart at the value of reduced pressure, move vertically to the appropriate line of constant
reduced temperature. From this point, move horizontally to the left to read the value of Z. In the
event the compressibility factor for a gas or vapor cannot be determined, a conservative Value of Z
= 1 is commonly used.
Figure 1 - Nelson Obert Compressibility Chart
III. Ratio of Specific Heats and Coefficient C
The following formula equates the ratio of specific heats (k) to the coefficient, C, used in
sizing methods for gases and vapors. Figure 2 and Table -3 provide the calculated
solution to this formula. If k is not known, use C = 315.
Where:
k =Cp/Cv (Ratio of specific heats)
Table -III - Gas Constant Values
K C K C K C K C K C
1.01 317 1.21 338 1.41 357 1.61 373 1.81 388
1.02 318 1.22 339 1.42 358 1.62 374 1.82 389
1.03 319 1.23 340 1.43 359 1.63 375 1.83 389
1.04 320 1.24 341 1.44 360 1.64 376 1.84 390
1.05 321 1.25 342 1.45 360 1.65 376 1.85 391
1.06 322 1.26 343 1.46 361 1.66 377 1.86 391
1.07 323 1.27 344 1.47 362 1.67 378 1.87 392
1.08 325 1.28 345 1.48 363 1.68 379 1.88 393
1.09 326 1.29 346 1.49 364 1.69 379 1.89 393
1.10 327 1.3 347 1.5 365 1.7 380 1.9 394
1.11 328 1.31 348 1.51 365 1.71 381 1.91 395
1.12 329 1.32 349 1.52 366 1.72 382 1.92 395
1.13 330 1.33 350 1.53 367 1.73 382 1.93 396
1.14 331 1.34 351 1.54 368 1.74 383 1.94 397
1.15 332 1.35 352 1.55 369 1.75 384 1.95 397
1.16 333 1.36 353 1.56 369 1.76 384 1.96 398
1.17 334 1.37 353 1.57 370 1.77 385 1.97 398
1.18 335 1.38 354 1.58 371 1.78 386 1.98 399
1.19 336 1.39 355 1.59 372 1.79 386 1.99 400
1.20 337 1.4 356 1.6 373 1.8 387 2.0
IV. Equivalents and Conversion Factors.
Table -IV (Pressure Conversion)

To find desired value multiply given value by factor below
Given mm wc mbar mm In wc Kpa In Hg psig Kg/cm2 bars
Hg
Mm wc - 0.980 0.735 0.0394 0.00980 0.002900 0.001421 1/10010 1/10207
mbar 10.21 - 0.750 0.4019 0.1000 0.0296 0.01450 0.00102 0.00100
Mm hg 13.61 1.333 - 0.5358 0.1333 0.03948 0.01934 0.00136 0.00133
In wc 25.40 2.488 1.866 - 0.2488 0.0737 0.03609 0.00254 0.00249
kpa 102.1 10.0 7.501 4.019 - 0.2961 0.1450 0.0102 0.0100
psig 703.8 68.95 51.72 27.71 6.895 2.042 - 0.0703 0.0689
Kg/cm2 10010 980.7 735.6 394.1 98.07 29.04 14.22 - 0.9807
bars 10207 1000 750.1 401.9 100 29.6 14.5 1.020 -
When pressure is stated in liquid column height, conversions are valid only for listed
temperature.
Inch-Pound Standard Conditions are at sea level, equal to 14.7 psia (pounds force per
square inch absolute), rounded from 14.696 psia, at a base temperature of 60°F (15.6°C).
Table- V(Gas Flow Conversion)
To find desired value multiply given value by factor below
Given scfm scfh Lb/hr Kg/h Nm3/h Nm3/min
scfm - 60 M/6.32 M/13.93 1.608 0.0268
scfh 0.01677 - M/379.2 M/836.1 0.0268 0.000447
Lb/hr 6.32/M 379.2/M - 0.4536 10.17/M 0.1695/M
Kg/h 13.93/M 836.1/M 2.205 - 22.40/M 0.3733/M
Nm3/h 0.6216 37.30 M/10.17 M/22.40 - 0.01667
Nm3/min 37.30 22.38 5.901*M 2676*M 60 -
M = molecular weight of gas.
1. Volumetric flow (per time unit of hour or minute as shown) in standard cubic feet per
minute at 14.7 psia, 60°F.
2. Weight flow in pounds per hour.
3. Weight flow in kilograms per hour.
4. Volumetric flow (per time unit of hour or minute as shown) at 1.013 bars absolute, 0°C
V. Typical LPG/AIR Properties
Table –VI (Lpg and Air Properties @ 14.7 psi and 60 Degree )
Properties unit Lpg Air
Molecular Weight M 51 29
Specific heat Ratio Cp/Cv 1.1 1.4
Gas / Vapor constant C 328 356
Compressibility factor Z 0.9 1.0
Latent heat of Vaporization L btu/lb 183.2 -
Chapter 6 – Appendix
I. Required Sizing Data

1 FLUID PROPERTIES
I Fluid and State LPG
II Molecular weight 51
III Viscosity -
IV Specific gravity 0.495
V Ratio of specific heats 1.4
2 OPERATING CONDITIONS
I Operating pressure (psig maximum) 205
II Operating temperature (degree F maximum) -6 to +55 degree C
III Maximum allowable working pressure (psig maximum) 225
3 RELIEVING CONDITION
I Required relieving capacity, Gas/vapor lb/h or gas/vapor (scfm) 13420
II set pressure (psig) 225
III Allowable over pressure % 20
IV super imposed back Pressure (psig) 0
V Built up back pressure 0
VI Relieving temperature (degree F ) 55 degree C

II.Safety Relief Valve Specification Sheet
General 01 Tag No.
02 line
03 Vessel number
04 Safety/relief
Connection 05 size
06 Flange face
07 Body/bonnet
Moc 08 disc
09 guide
10 spring
11 Code
Input Data 12 Fluid and state
13 Required capacity
14 Molecular weight
15 Specific gravity
16 Set pressure
17 Operating pressure
18 Operating temperature
19 Back pressure
20 Flowing temperature
21 Allowable overpressure
22 Compressibility factor
23 viscosity
24 Specific heat ratio
25 Gas constant
26 Latent heat of vaporization
Calculated Values 27 Calculated area
28 Selected area
29 manufacturer
30 Lot number
31 Model number
Comments 32
33
34
Chapter 7 – Safety Fittings
I. Roto Gauge Details
Description about Rotary Gauge/Roto Gauge: The Rotogauges are designed to provide an
accurate determination of LP-Gas or anhydrous ammonia container contents. They mount in a
standard 1” NPT coupling on large mobile or stationary containers. To operate the Rotogauges, the
vent valve is opened and the dip tube rotated slowly from the container vapor space to the liquid
space. The difference in appearance of the discharge indicates when the liquid level is reached. Dial
readings then indicate the percentage of product in the container.
II.Typical Picture of Rotary Gauge/Roto Gauge:

III.Rotary Gauge Bends
End mount or side Mount End mount installation, must know whether tank is hemispherical or
ellipsoidal.
Example: Hemispherical End Mount or side mount tank with 72” ID
“D”= 72” need gauge with “A” length of 71.5”
½ of “D”=36”-0.5” (clearance) =”C”
36”+35.5”=71.5”
Ellipsoidal tank end mount only
Subtract 11” from half of the tank ID
“D”=72”
36”-11”=25”= “B”
Side Mount
Subtract 5” from half of the tank ID
“D”=72”
36”-5”=31”
IV.Roto Gauge Components
S.No Description
1 Body Extension Tube
2 Dial – LPG service
3 O-Ring
4 Packing Sleeve
5 Indicator
6 Cap-Seat Assembly
7 Friction Ring
8 Needle Bearing
9 Lock Nut
10 Lock Nut
11 Seal Nut
12 Set Screw
13 Key
14 Insert
15 Washer
V.Operating principle:
Rotary gauges can be used on stationary or mobile tanks to visually indicate the amount of LP-
Gas in the container. They are also used in filling the tank to the proper liquid level. The Gauge is
operated by opening the small bleed orifice when the tube is in the vapor space of the tank. Moving
the pointer on the dial causes the end of the tube to move until it contacts liquid in the container. At
that point, discharge from the bleed orifice turns from vapor to liquid and the rotary gauge dial
gives the volume percentage of liquid in the tank.
VI.Purpose of Roto Gauge:
The Rotogauges are designed to provide an accurate determination of LP-Gas or anhydrous

ammonia container contents, when buying and selling large volume of liquids, tank gauging data
serves as the main input for establishing correct invoicing and taxation.
VII.Requirements which apply to liquid-level gauging devices as per SMPV (U) Rules:
The SMPV (U), Rule 2016 details about the liquid level gauging devices under sub Rule 4 of Rule 18,
the abstract of which is as follows.
(i) A vessel used for liquefiable gas or dissolved gas shall be equipped with a liquid level
gauging device to afford ready determination of the amount of liquid in the vessel at
anytime.
(ii) All liquid level indicators shall be suitable for operation at the design pressure of the
vessel.
(iii) Every vessel shall, in addition, be equipped with a fixed maximum level indicating
device depending upon the liquefiable gas or dissolved gas filled in the vessel.
(iv) Gauging devices that require bleeding of the contents of the vessel such as rotary tube,
fixed tube and slip tube shall be designed in such a manner that the same cannot be
completely withdrawn in normal gauging operation.
II. Fixed Tube Gauge Details
I. Description about Fixed Maximum level Gauge:
The fixed liquid level gauge, also known as the bleeder valve is the one and only gauging device that
accurately depicts the level of LPG/propane in the tank when it is being filled. The bleeder valve is
built so that during the filling process, when the LPG/propane is going into the tank reaches 85
percent, liquid will come out of the opened valve. This allows the delivery driver to know that the
tank has reached its maximum filling capacity. The valve is connected to what is called a dip tube
that goes into the container. The dip tube is fixed and set at length equal to 85 percent liquid level
tank capacity. Simply put, the tip of the dip tube is at the level equal to the container being 85
percent full. The dip tube itself should always be located in the vapor space and never submerged in
liquid LPG/propane.
II.Typical Picture of Fixed Maximum level Gauge:

III. Operating principle:
Basically, the fixed liquid level gauge tells the individual delivering the propane that the tank is at
the maximum safe capacity. When installed by the tank manufacturer, the dip tube is pre-set to
indicate when the tank is legally full during the filling process. Consider it this way: When drinking
a soda through a straw, you will not be able to get soda through the straw if the tip of the straw is
above the level of the soda. When the tip of the straw is in the soda, you are able to drink the soda. A
dip tube works similarly to the straw principle.
IV.Purpose of Fixed Maximum level Gauge:
The Primary purpose of Fixed Maximum level gauge is Overfill protection. A tank overfill can have
disastrous consequences. A spill can cause explosion and fire that can spread to the surrounding
area. Since the tank contains huge amounts of stored energy, a fire can have far reaching
consequence. Fire caused by overfilling has rendered legal damages amounting to huge money.
From this and many other perspectives, preventing tanker overfilling is extremely important.
V.Requirements which apply to liquid-level gauging devices as per SMPV (U) Rules:
The SMPV (U), Rule 2016 details about the liquid level gauging devices under sub Rule 4 of Rule 18,
the abstract of which is as follows.
(i) A vessel used for liquefiable gas or dissolved gas shall be equipped with a liquid level
gauging device to afford ready determination of the amount of liquid in the vessel at
anytime.
(ii) All liquid level indicators shall be suitable for operation at the design pressure of the
vessel.
(iii) Every vessel shall, in addition, be equipped with a fixed maximum level indicating
device depending upon the liquefiable gas or dissolved gas filled in the vessel.
(iv) Gauging devices that require bleeding of the contents of the vessel such as rotary tube,
fixed tube and slip tube shall be designed in such a manner that the same cannot be
completely withdrawn in normal gauging operation.

Safety Relief Valve Sizing Report

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Technical Feasibility Report on Safety Relief Valve and other safety Fittings.

Chapter 2 - Valve Sizing Calculation

Chapter 3 - Codes and Standards Followed

Chapter 5 - Engineering Support Information (USCS Units)

Chapter 7 – Safety Fittings

Chapter 2 - Valve Sizing and Calculation

II. NFPA-58, 2004 Edition Guidelines and recommended practice.

I. Formula for cylindrical vessel with hemispherical head.

Surface area= Overall length*outside Diameter*3.1416

II. Formula for cylindrical vessel with non hemispherical head.

Surface area= (Overall length+0.3*outside Diameter)*outside Diameter*3.1416

SCFM= 53.632*(Aw) 0.82

In addition following guidelines taken into consideration from NFPA-58, 2004.

1. Study Case 1 For 7.5 MT LPG capacity vessel (Mobile Tanker)

Aw = (Overall length+0.3* outside Dai)* outside Dai *3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = Overall length* outside Dai*3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

Aw = (Overall length+0.3* outside Dai)* outside Dai *3.1416

Step Two: Required Reliving /Discharge Capacity calculation in (SCFM)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Area calculation in (inch2)

Step Three: Required Reliving /Discharge Dai calculation in (inch)

LPG Vessel External Minimum Calculated Calculated SRV set Provided

Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge Surface Discharge Discharge Discharge

1. Cylindrical vessel with Hemispherical Head A (ft2)= Overall length (ft)*Outside

II. Parts of Pressure Relief Devices

III. Dimensional Characteristics of Safety Relief Valves

II. Compressibility Factor

Determination of Z from Nelson Obert Compressibility Chart:

Table -III - Gas Constant Values

Table -IV (Pressure Conversion)

V. Typical LPG/AIR Properties

I. Required Sizing Data

I Fluid and State LPG

IV Specific gravity 0.495

V Ratio of specific heats 1.4

I Operating pressure (psig maximum) 205

II Operating temperature (degree F maximum) -6 to +55 degree C

Surface area= Overall lengthoutside Diameter3.1416

Surface area= (Overall length+0.3outside Diameter)outside Diameter*3.1416