CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

This chapter presents the detailed equipment design of various equipment’s used in the Wet
Process for DAP production.

6.1 Storage Tank Design

Three methods of storage of liquid ammonia are currently used, choice primarily depending
on the quantity to be stored, economy and end use.

Storage At Ambient Temperature And Equivalent Pressure

In cylindrical vessels, this method is used when relatively small quantities (2.52 to 15
Tonnes) are to be stored.

Storage Under Pressure In Spherical Vessels

These can be constructed at sites to hold several 1000 Tonnes of ammonia. However, very
large spheres are uncommon and most vessels are in the range of 500 to 3000 Tonnes.
Refrigeration equipments may be used to lower the temperature of the ammonia and in such
cases the vessels operate at lower temperature than ambient.

Storage At Atmospheric Pressure

Ammonia can be stored at atmospheric pressure by reducing the temperature to -33°C. This
condition it may be contained in cylindrical flat bottomed tanks, the tank must withstand, is
only imposed by the head of liquid. In practice a slight positive pressure is maintained to
simplify the operation of refrigeration system. This method of storage is generally adopted
when quantities in excess of 3000 Tonnes are involved.

Cylindrical flat bottom tanks used for large storage of ammonia in fully refrigerated condition
may be divided in to three basic types.

a) Single Wall Tanks

This comprises of flat bottom tank with the dome roof design to withstand the stated
conditions. This type will have external surfaces insulated to minimize heat gain from the
surroundings.

32
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

b) Double Wall Tank: The outer tank is not designed to contain any escape of ammonia
from the inner tank, its function being only to support and protect the insulation. The simplest
form comprises a inner tank which is surrounded by an outer tank.

c) Double Integrity Tank:

This tank consists of double wall construction with both tanks designed so that in the event
failure of inner shell the ammonia will be contained by the outer shell. The inner tank is ope
topped and the insulation be applied to the exterior of the outer tank. The inter-space be the
tanks will contain only cold ammonia vapours. This method gives more safety than othe
storage methods so we have selected this method. [16]

6.1.1 Mechanical Design

For the Production of 500 Tonnes/day of Di-ammonium phosphate. The amount of ammonia
required is 262.72 Tonnes (from material balance)

Density of ammonia = 618kg /m3

Volume of ammonia needed per day =262.72x 103 / 618 = 425.113m3

Considering the ammonia needs to be stored for 20days = 20 x 425.113 = 8502.26m3

Considering the volume of the tank is 8600 m² and h = 35.92m = 117.84 ft [16]

r2= 8600/(π x 35.92)

r = 8.729m

D = 2r = 18m = 59.1 ft

Internal pressure:- p= rho(h-0.3) x 102

p = 6.18 x (35.92- 0.3) x 102

p = 0.999 kg/cm2= 98.06 kPa

To calculate the thickness of the shell:

Density of ammonia in lb/ft3 = 38.580 lb/ft3

I = (rho(h -1) x D)/(2xPE x144) + C

C = 2mm = 6.5616 x 10-3 ft

33
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

t = (30.380 x (35.92-1) x 30.12) / (2x0.3 x144) + 6.3616 x10- 3

t = 34.56 mm

The diameter of the tank is 59.1 ft which is considered to be a large tank. Hence stiffeners are
used in order to prevent bulging of the equipment and as suggested by the specifications the
min dimensions to be considered is 2.5 x 2.5 x 5/16 in.

Bottom of the shell:

Db = D + ((2 x102)/(103)) + ((2 x65)/(103)) = 18 + 0.2 + 0.13

Db = 18.33m

Design of shell:

Thickness of the bottom shell: t is substituted in equation I with

C=0

t =30.500(58.92 - 1) x59.12/(2x15 521x0.95x144)

t = 34.56 m

Design of self- supporting conical roof top:

To calculate the angle of inclination of the conical roof:

sin2θ = ((p/144)x12D)/(2t) x D/(250000t)

where P is the total load on the roof = live load + dead load

P = 10lb /ft2

(Minimum load should be 8lb /ft2)

t = 20 mm (since it is self supporting roof) = 0.1ft

sin θ = √( 10 /144 x12x59.12 x 0.1 x 59.1/(25009 x 0.1))

sin θ = 0.7629

θ = sin-1(0.7629) = 49.72° 

The detailed drawing and specification sheet are in Appendix-1

34
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

6.2 Reactor-1 design

Continuous slurry type reactor is used for the production of DAP by wet process

To find the holdup volume of the reactor needed

Reaction: 2NH3+H3PO4  (NH4)2HPO4

Assumptions: 1. The process is continuous.

2. The conversion (XA) is 99 %.

3. The reactor used is a CSTR covered with a jacket to maintain

reaction temperature of 120˚C.

4. High pressure steam is passed through the jacket

5. Flange height = 250mm

The mass flow rate of H3PO4 processed per day(from material balance ) = 31.553T/hr

Density of H3PO4 = 1834 kg/m3

The flow rate of H3PO4 per hour = mass flow rate/ density

= 31.553 x103/1834

= 17.204 m3/hr

The H3PO4 enters the reactor in a slurry form with 43.573 T/hr of H2O

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

The flow rate of H2O processed per hr = 43.573x103/1000 = 43.573m3/hr

The mass flow rate of NH3 (from material balance) = 7.6625 T/hr

Density of NH3 = 618 kg/m3

The flow rate of NH3 processed per hr = 7.6625x103/618 = 12.398 m3/hr

∴The total flow rate entering the reactor Fo = 17.204+43.573+12.398 = 73.177 m3/hr

The performance equation of CSTR is given by,

V τ XA
= =
F 0 C A 0 −r A

Where,

35
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

V = volume of the reactor

τ = residence time
-rA = k × CA
k = 0.0825
CA = CA0 (1-XA)

∴τ ¿ 20 min
∴ V ¿24.39m3

Assuming the volume of the reactor is 10 % higher than the calculated value due to design
considerations,

The design volume = 1.15 × 24.392 = 26.831 m3 ≈ 27 m3

2
D
Volume of the reactor, V = π r 2 L=π L
4
Assuming L/D ratio = 1.5
Diameter of the Reactor, D = 2.841m
Length Of The Reactor, L = 4.2615m
The Operating Pressure = 2 kgf/cm2

6.2.1 Mechanical design

Tori spherical head:[10]

Crown radius, Rc = 0.8D = 0.8 x 2.841 = 2.2728m

Knuckle radius, Rk = 0.06D = 0.06 x 2.841 = 0.170m

W ¿
1
4 ( √ )
3+
Rc
Rk
=1.6641mm

P Rc W
Thickness of head[10], t = +C
200 fJ

Where,
P is 10% excess of operating pressure = 1.1 x 2 = 2.2 kgf/cm2
f is the allowable stress = 13 kgf/cm2

36
 CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

J is the joint efficiency = 0.85

C is the corrosion allowance = 2mm

∴ t=11.991mm

 Reactor thickness: [10]

PD
Thickness of reactor, t +C ¿ 4.831 mm
200 fJ−P

 Nozzle:

Hanker equation is used to determine the nozzle diameter which is given by,

W 0.45
D N =8.41×
ρ0.31

Where,
DN = nozzle diameter (mm)
W = mass flow rate (kg/hr)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

The inlet flow stream of the reactor has the mole fraction composition of 0.4167 for NaHCO 3
and 0.5833 for water, obtained from material balance.
Table 6.1: Reactor- 1 Parameters

Nozzle W (kg/hr) ρ (kg/m3) DN (mm)

Reactor inlet 31553+43573 = 1 155.623
78126 0.1467 0.5833
+
1834 618
¿ 976.715
Reactor outlet 70133.7 1147.364 143.534
Jacket inlet 8069.025 2.669 355.383

Jacket outlet 8069.025 2.669 355.383

 Jacket:
Total height of jacketed CSTR, H = (2 x height of head) + height of reactor + (2 x flange height)

37
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

= 2 x 498.049 + 4261 + 2 x 250 = 5757.098mm

The relation between the total height of the reactor and the total diameter of the jacketed
CSTR (Dt) is given by,

H
=1
Dt

∴ H=Dt =5757.098 mm

The relation between total diameter of the jacketed CSTR and the jacket thickness (J) is given
by,
J 1
=
D t 12

∴ J =479.76 mm

The Table 6.2 presents the results of a reactor designed for DAP plant.

Table 6.2: Result for the CSTR - 1

Length of the tank (m) 4.2615

Diameter of the tank (m) 2.841
Crown radius (m) 2.2728
Knuckle radius (m) 0.17
Reactor thickness (mm) 4.831
Head thickness (mm) 6
Reactor inlet nozzle diameter (mm) 155.623
Reactor outlet nozzle diameter (mm) 143.534
Jacket nozzle diameter (mm) 355.383
Jacket height(mm) 5757.098
Jacket thickness (mm) 479.76

6.3 Reactor -2 Design

Continuous slurry type reactor is used for the production of DAP by wet process

To find the holdup volume of the reactor needed

Reaction: 2NH3+H3PO4  (NH4)2HPO4

Assumptions: 1. The process is continuous.

38
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

2. The conversion (XA) is 99 %.

3. The reactor used is a CSTR covered with a jacket to

maintain reaction temperature of 120˚C.

4. High pressure steam is passed through the jacket

5. Flange height = 250mm

The mass flow rate of H3PO4 processed per day(from material balance ) = 9.456T/hr

Density of H3PO4 = 1834 kg/m3

The flow rate of H3PO4 per hour = mass flow rate/ density

= 9.456 x103/1834

= 5.156 m3/hr

The H2O enters the reactor in a slurry form with 18.3T/hr of H2O

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

The flow rate of H2O processed per hr = 18.3x103/1000 = 18.3m3/hr

The mass flow rate of NH3( from material balance) =3.284 T/hr

Density of NH3 = 618 kg/m3

The flow rate of NH3 processed per hr = 3.284x103/618 = 5.314m3/hr

The mass flow rate of DAP = 29.75 T/hr

Density of DAP = 1619 kg/m3

The flow rate of DAP = 29.75x103 /1619 = 18.375 m3/hr

∴The total flow rate entering the reactor Fo = 47.145 m3/hr

The performance equation of CSTR is given by,

V τ XA
= =
F 0 C A 0 −r A

Where,
V = volume of the reactor

39
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

τ = residence time
-rA = k × CA
k = 0.0825
CA = CA0 (1-XA)

∴τ ¿ 22 min
∴ V ¿17.286m3

Assuming the volume of the reactor is 10 % higher than the calculated value due to design
considerations,

The design volume = 1.1 × 17.286= 19.015m3 ≈ 19 m3

2
D
Volume of the reactor, V = π r 2 L=π L
4
Assuming L/D ratio = 1.5
Diameter of the reactor, D = 2.527m
Length of the reactor, L = 3.79m
The operating pressure = 1.7 kgf/cm2

6.3.2 Mechanical design

 Tori spherical head: [10]

Crown radius, Rc = 0.8D = 0.8 x 2.527 = 2.021m

Knuckle radius, Rk = 0.06D = 0.06 x 2.527 = 0.1516m

W ¿
1
4( √ )
3+
Rc
Rk
=1.663 mm

P Rc W
Thickness of head[10], t ¿ +C
200 fJ

Where,
P is 10% excess of operating pressure = 1.1 x 1.7 = 2.2 kgf/cm2
f is the allowable stress = 13 kgf/cm2

40
 CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

J is the joint efficiency = 0.85

C is the corrosion allowance = 2 mm

∴ t=4.884 mm=5 mm

 Reactor thickness:
PD
Thickness of reactor, t ¿ +C = 2.14+2 = 4.14mm
200 fJ−P

 Nozzle:

Hanker equation is used to determine the nozzle diameter which is given by,
W 0.45
D N =8.41× 0.31
ρ
Where,
DN = nozzle diameter (mm)
W = mass flow rate (kg/hr)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

The inlet flow stream of the reactor has the mole fraction composition of 0.126 for NH 3 and
0.6638 for water, 0.063 for H3PO4, 0.1472 for DAP obtained from material balance.
Table 6.3: Reactor -2 parameter

Nozzle W (kg/hr) ρ (kg/m3) DN (mm)

Reactor 60790 1 140.142
inlet 0.1472 0.6638 0.126 0.063
+ + +
1619 1000 618 1834
¿1007.095
Reactor 46142.6 1306.768 114.188
outlet
Jacket 8069.025 2.669 355.383
inlet
Jacket 8069.025 2.669 355.383
outlet

 Jacket:

Total height of jacketed CSTR, H = (2 x height of head) + height of reactor + (2 x flange height)

= 2 x 498.049 + 4261 + 2 x 250 = 5286.098mm

41
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

The relation between the total height of the reactor and the total diameter of the jacketed
CSTR (Dt) is given by,

H
=1
Dt
∴ H=Dt =5286.098 mm

The relation between total diameter of the jacketed CSTR and the jacket thickness (J) is given
by,

J 1
=
D t 12

∴ J =440.508mm

The Table 6.4 presents the results of a reactor designed for DAP plant.

Table 6.4: Result for the CSTR -2

Length of the tank (m) 3.790

Diameter of the tank (m) 2.527
Crown radius (m) 2.021
Knuckle radius (m) 0.1516
Reactor thickness (mm) 4.14
Head thickness (mm) 5
Reactor inlet nozzle diameter (mm) 140.142
Reactor outlet nozzle diameter (mm) 114.188
Jacket nozzle diameter (mm) 355.383
Jacket height(mm) 5286.098
Jacket thickness (mm) 440.508

6.4 Rotary Dryer Design

6.4.1 Process Design

Granulator inlet temperature=115°C [34]

Outlet temperature 60°C

For dryer Temperatures:

Solid inlet temperature = 60°C

42
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Solid outlet temperature =100°C (Melting point of DAP is 155°C)

Hot air inlet temperature = 180°C

Hot air outlet temperature = 80°C assumed (normally difference in solid inlet and outlet air is
30 °C we assume 20°C)

Figure 6.1: Rotary Dryer

Design of rotary dryer on the basis of fundamental principal is very difficult, few relations for
the design are derived from the experimental trials .A large number of variables are involved
in the drier design such as inlet moisture, outlet moisture, critical moistures, equilibrium
moisture gas velocity, temperature, humidity.

To design a rotary dryer the whole length of the drier is divided into 3 zones as shown in the
figure. Very or little moisture movement occurs at zone l and zones 3.Major drying occurs in
zone 2 and considering as constant drying conditions.

After granulation process moisture content in DAP 6-12% but we considered 8% [34]

Initial moisture content of solid Xin = 0.08

Final moisture content of solid Xout = 0.01 (assumed)

Gas leaving temperature is 80°C

43
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Assumption:

1.Heat losses from the drier is neglected

2.Drier is perfectly insulated

M1 = Mass flow rate of solid DAP in kg/hr

Total DAP in the drier = 1268.705T/day

M1 = 1268.705T /day = 52862.33kg /hr

M₁ = Mass flow rate of dry solid DAP in kg/hr

After granulation process moisture content in DAP 6-12% but we considered 8% [34]

Ms = (1 - 0.08) x 52862.33

Ms = 48633.714 kg/hr

Composition of water in DAP inlet (converting wet to dry basis)

X1= 0.08/(1-0.08) = 0.08695

Composition of water in DAP outlet (converting wet to dry basis)

X2= (0.01)/1-0.01 = 0.010

Humidity calculation

For air:

Wet bulb temperature and dry bulb temperature is = 16°C and 25°C respectively

Humidity in humidity chart (Y2) = 0.008 kg of water/kg of dry air

Material balance for dryer is shown below Figure 6.3

1.Material Balance

Gs= 109746.7449 GS= 109746.7449 kJ

kJ /kg /kg
Y2 =0.08
DRYER

MS= 48633.714 kJ/hr

MS= 48633.714
kJ/hr

44
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Figure 6.2: Block diagram for dryer

Moisture lost from the solid = moisture gained by air

MsxX1+GsxY1 MsxX2+Gs xY₂

48633.714(0.08695-0.010) = Gs (Y1-0.008)

4228.701 = GSY1-0.008Gs

GsY2= 4228.701+0.008Gs

Mass flow rate of dry air Gs= 3724.364 /(Y1-0.008)

2. Heat balance

Heat lost by air = heat gained by solid

Gs(HG₂-HG₁)=Ms(HS₂-HS₁)

From thermodynamic feasibility check

CP.DAP = 1.43 kJ/kg k

Cpwater = 4.187 kJ/kg k

Cpair = 1 kJ/kg k

Heat content of solid inlet

HS1 = [CpDAP X1+ Cpwater X1] x ΔT

HS1 =[1.43x1 +4.187 x 0.08695] (60-0)

HS1 = 107.643 kJ/kg K

Heat content of solid outlet

HS₂ =[CpDAP X1+ Cpwater X2] x ΔT

HS2 = [1.43x 1 + 4.187 x 0.001] x (100 - 0)

HS2 = 147.187 kJ /kg-k

Heat content of solid gas inlet = (mCp dt + mvap x λvap)

HG2 =(Cpair + Cpwater x Y2 (3-0) + (Y2 x λ (80◦C) from steam table)

45
 CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

= [1x1+1.88 x0.008]x (180 - 0) + 0.008 x 2308.9

= 201.1784 kJ /kg dry air

HG1 = [l + 1.88Y2] x (80 - 0) + (Y1 x 2308.9)

HG1 = (80 + 150.4Y1)/ (2308.9 Y )

HG1 = 80 + 2459.3Y1

Heat balance for dryer is shown below Figure 6.3

HG1= 80+2459.3Y1 HG2= 201.1784 kJ/kg

DRYER
HS1= 107.643 kJ/kg HS2 = 147.187 kJ/kg

Figure 6.3: Heat balance for Dryer

3. Enthalpy balance

Ms [HS2 - HS1] = Gs[HG2 - HG1]

4863.714 (147.187-107.64 )= Gs(201.1784 - (80 + 2459.3Y1)

Y1= 0.04213kg of water/kg of dry air

Gs = 3472.364/(0.0421 - 0.008) = 109746.7449 kJ /kg

GsY2 = 877.973 kJ /kg

Ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

V= nRT/P

4. Humid volume (volume occupied by unit mass of dry gas and its accompanying vapor at
given temperature and pressure)

46
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Inlet humid volume

VH2= [1/29+Y2/18]x 22.414 × T/273x (P atm/p)

VH2= [1/29+0.008/18] x 22.414 x 453/273X 1(273+180)

VH2 = 1.299 m3/kg dry air

Outlet humid volume

VH1= [1/29 +0.0421/18] x22.414 (273+80)/273×1

= 1.0671 m3/kg dry air

Inlet has high humid volume

There for VH2 is taken for calculation of diameter

a) Volumetric flow rate inlet

= GsxVH2

= 1097.46179×1.299

= 172561.0218 m3/hr

= 39.6 m³/sec

Operating velocity= 1.5 m/s (assumed) in order to avoid dust carry over and DAP loss)

b) Area = 39.6/1.5 = 26.4m²

c) Volumetric flow rate of outlet

= Gs xVH1

= 109746.749 x 1.067

= 117099.7761 m3/hr

Diameter = D = √(area x 4 /π)

D = √ (26.4x 4 /π)

D = 5.797m

5.Length calculation

47
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Find (NTG) zone wise

In zone l and zone 3 only heat transfer and negligible mass transfer. In zone 2 large mass

transfer and negligible heat transfer.

Temperature change of solid in zone l is 60°C In this case we assume it is to be 20°C=

=80°C TSA = 80°C TSB = 80°C

Calculated zone 3 temperature are shown in Figure 6.4

6.Zone 3 Calculation

Figure 6.4: Zone 3 Diagram

Temperature of solid is increased by 20°C

HS2 = (1.43+4.187x0.010) (100-0) = 147.1871 kJ/kg
HS1 = (1.43+4.187×0.010) (80-0) = 117.74 kJ/kg
Heat loss by gas = heat gain by solid

Ms [HS₂-HS1] = Gs (Cpair + Cpvap) [180- TGB]

486633.714 (147.187-117.74) = 109746.749(1+1 .88x0.008) x(180-TGB)
TGB = 162.735 K
To find NTG
Assume Counter current flow

48
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

ΔT1 = (162.735 - 80) = 82.735 °C

ΔT2 = (180 - 100) = 80 °C
ΔTln = 82.735 - 80 / ln(82.735/80) = 81.418 °C
ΔTg = 180 – 162.735 = 17.265 °C
NTG3 = 0.216
Calculated zone 1 temperature are shown below Figure 6.5

7.Zone 1 Calculation

Figure 6.5: Zone 1 Diagram

HS1= 1x1.43+0.08695x4.187x (60-0)

HS1= 107.643 kJ/ kg
HSA = (1x1.43+0.08695x4.187x(80-0))
= 143.520 kJ/kg
(HSA -HS1) = GS(1x1 +1.88 x0.0421)x (TGA -80)
22441.86(143.520-107.643) = 109746.744(1+1.88x0.0421)(TGA-80)
TGA.= 96.238°C
NTG = (ΔT)/( ΔTln)
ΔTln = 18.060 °C

49
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

NTG1= 0.8549
Calculate zone 2 temperature are shown in below Figure 6.6
8. Zone 2 Calculation

Figure 6.6: Zone 2 Diagram

ΔTln= 40.84◦C

NTG2 = 1.628

9.Net NTG

Net NTG= NTG1+NTG2+NTG3

= 0.216+1.628+0.8549 = 2.6989

10.Volumetric Transfer Coffecient (Us)

Us = 237 (G)0.67/D

Mass flow rate = GS x VH1x ρ1

M1 = 109746.744x1.0677x 0.8029

Where ρ = (PM)/(RT) = (101325x 29)/(8.314x (367.14 + 273)) = 0.8029 kg /m3

50
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Where ρ = PM/RT = (101.325x29) / (8.314 x (94.73+273)) = 0.9611 kg/m3

M1 = 94967.918 kg /hr

M2 = 109746.744x1.299 x 0.9611

M2 = 136430.8977 kg /hr

M= (M1+M2) / 2 = 115699.1325 kg/hr

G = M/A = 115699.1325 /4 = 4382.55kg /m2hr

=1.217 kg /m2 sec

Us = (237 x(1.217)0.67)/5.797

= 46.63W/m2

11. Length of Drier

L= GCsAvg / Us

Inlet air calculation

CS1 = (1 x1 + 1.88 x 0.008) = 0.015

CS2 = (1 x1 + 1.88x 0.042) = 1.0791

CSavg = (1.015+1.0791)/ 2 = 1.0470

L = 27.325 m

12. Total Length

LT = Net NTG x L

LT = m

LT = 1.6x27.325= 43.72m (Total Length of the dryer is more so that we taking 3 Rotary dryer
in parallel for drying.)

D = 5.979 m Total length of 1 dryer = 14.57 m

6.4.2. Mechanical Design

D = 5.979m = 19.014ft
Number of flights 3 times = 3times of dia of dryer

51
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

Number of flights = 17.014x 3 = 57.042

Length of flights = (1/8)D = (1/8)x35.979 = 0.7246 m

13. Power calculation [18]

Blower - input

Power = 2.72x10-5xQxP (kW)

Where Q = flow rate (m3/hr)

P= pressure drop (cm water column)

Q = 142561.0218 m3/h r

Assume ΔP = 20cm (water used as a manometric fluid)

Volumetric flow rate inlet VH2= 142561.0218 m3/hr

= 2.72x 10- 5x 142561.0281 x20

= 77.5531kW = 103.921 hp

Exhaust fan outlet

Volumetric flow outlet VH1 = 117099.7769m3/ hr

S = 2.72 x 10- 5x117099.7769 x 20

= 3.702 kW = 85.361 hp

14. Thickness Calculation [10]

t = (PDi)/(200 - fj- P) + C

Assume P = 1.1atm = 1.136kgf /cm2

f = 16.5 Allowable stress

J=0.85 joint efficiency

D = 5.797m

52
CHAPTER 6 EQUIPMENT DESIGN

C = 2 mm

= (4.136x3.829)/(200 x16.5x0.85-1.336) +2

t = 2.0023mm

NOTE: Total Length of the dryer is more so that we taking 3 Rotary dryer in parallel for
drying. D = 3.8298 m Total length of dryer =12.3 m

The detailed drawing and specification sheet are in Appendix-3

53