ANCIENT

INDIAN
M e dicin e
 DERIVED FROM THE DEVELOPED MORE
SANSKRIT WORDS THAN 3000
WHICH TRANSLATE INTRODUCTION YEARS AGO IN
TO THE KNOWLEDGE
OF LIFE. AYURVEDA INDIA.

ENCOURAGES CERTAIN
LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS THE WORLD'S OLDEST
AND NATURAL THERAPIES
HOLISTIC (WHOLE-
TO REGAIN A BALANCE
BETWEEN THE BODY,
BODY) HEALING
MIND, SPIRIT, AND THE SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT
 INTRODUCTION
SIDDHA

A TRADITIONAL METHODS ARE LEARNED DIET AND LIFESTYLE PLAY A MAJOR

TRADITIONALLY THROUGH ROLE IN HEALTH AND IN CURING
MEDICINE MASTER-DISCIPLE DISEASES. IT IS TERMED PATHIYAM AND
APATHIYAM, A RULE-BASED SYSTEM
ORIGINATING IN RELATIONSHIPS TO
WITH A LIST OF "DO'S AND DON'TS".
BECOME LOCAL
SOUTH INDIA "HEALERS".

 THESE ELEMENTS
STATES THAT ARE PRESENT IN
MANAGEMENT OF ANY FLUIDS AND THEIR
DISEASE DEPENDS BALANCE LEADS
UPON THE DIAGNOSIS
INTRODUCTION
TO HEALTH AND
OF THE DISEASE. UNANI VICE VERSA.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS LIKE AYURVEDA, IT IS

DEPENDS UPON ALSO BASED ON THE
THEORY OF THE
OBSERVATION OF THE
PRESENCE OF THE
PATIENT'S SYMPTOMS ELEMENTS IN THE
AND TEMPERAMENT. HUMAN BODY
 INTRODUCTION
YOGA

A GROUP OF PHYSICAL, AIMED AT CONTROLLING AS UNTOUCHED BY

MENTAL, AND SPIRITUAL ('YOKING') AND STILLING THE ACTIVITIES OF
PRACTICES OR THE MIND, AND THE MIND (CITTA)
DISCIPLINES THAT RECOGNIZING THE AND MUNDANE
ORIGINATED IN ANCIENT DETACHED 'WITNESS- SUFFERING
INDIA. CONSCIOUSNESS' (DUHKHA).
 NOW, HOMEOPATHY
WAS INTRODUCED IS THE THIRD MOST
IN INDIA IN THE POPULAR METHOD OF
EARLY 19TH INTRODUCTION MEDICAL TREATMENT
CENTURY. AFTER AYURVEDA
HOMEOPATHY

MAHENDRA LAL SIRCAR

AT FIRST, THE SYSTEM
WAS THE FIRST INDIAN
WAS EXTENSIVELY WHO BECAME A
PRACTICED BY HOMEOPATHIC
AMATEURS IN THE CIVIL PHYSICIAN AND MANY
AND MILITARY SERVICES OTHER DOCTORS
AND OTHERS. FOLLOWED HIS LEAD.

NATUROPATHY
A DRUG-FREE, NON-INVASIVE,
RATIONAL, AND EVIDENCE-BASED
SYSTEM OF MEDICINE THAT USES
NATURAL ELEMENTS FOR TREATMENTS
BASED ON THE THEORIES OF VITALITY,
TOXEMIA, THE BODY'S SELF-HEALING
CAPACITY, AND HEALTHY LIVING
PRINCIPLES.
INTRODUCTION
NATUROPATHS CLAIM THE IT IS PRACTICED BASED ON A
ANCIENT GREEK “FATHER
BELIEF IN THE BODY’S ABILITY
OF MEDICINE”,
HIPPOCRATES, AS THE TO HEAL ITSELF THROUGH A
FIRST ADVOCATE OF SPECIAL VITAL ENERGY OR
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, FORCE GUIDING BODILY
BEFORE THE TERM
PROCESSES INTERNALLY.
EXISTED.
 Theory of Ancient Indian Medicine

Panchamahabhuta Tridosha

Ayurveda
 Panchamahabhuta theory (5 elements)
Ayurveda believes that everything in this universe with five basic elements are earth (prithvi), water (jal), fire (Agni or tej),
air (Vayu) and ether or space (akash)

Element Main Principle

Air/Vayu : The gaseous form of matter which is Movement
mobile and dynamic

Space or home within which all objects

Ether/Akash : The most subtle element
of the universe exist

Water/Jala : Symbolize the liquid state Transportation

Structure where it symbolizes stability,

Earth/Prithvi : The solid state of matter
permanence and rigidity

Fire/Agni : Transform the state of any substance Transformation and metabolism

 Theory- Ayurveda
(Science of Life)
Believe that all thing, including all living & non living bodies and the
whole universe consists of five elements; air , fire , water and earth.

These combine in the human body to form three life forces or

energies, called Tridosha.

The Tridosha :
tri : three
dosha : being the basic physical energy

Tridosha plays an important role in etiology, diagnosis and

treatment of disease.
 Tridosha Theory

1 Vata Dosha (Ether + Air )

Dry, light, cold, rough, pervasive,mobile and clear

Controls very basic body functions, like how cells

divide.

Regulate the principle of movement in the body,

any bodily motion such as chewing, swallowing,
breathing, peristalsis and etc.
 Tridosha Theory

2 Pitta Dosha ( Fire+Water )

Sharp, penetrating, hot, light, liquid, mobile and oily

Domain of principle of transformation, plays role any

time the body converts or process something

Controls digestion, metabolism, and certain hormones

that are linked to appetite
 Tridosha Theory

3 Kapha Dosha ( Water+Earth )

Heavy, cold, dull, oily, smooth, dense, soft, static,

liquid, cloudy, hard and thick.

Governs stability and structure

Controls muscle growth, body strength and stability,

weight and immune system
SUSHRUTA SAMHITA HAKIM AJMAL KHAN CHARAKA SAMHITA
Sushruta Samhita
Sushruta (c.7th or 6th century BCE) is an ancient Indian
physician and surgeon.

Sushruta was an Indian physician who published one of

the world's first medical and surgical works Known as
Father of Surgery, Father of Indian Medicine and
Father of Plastic Surgery.

Sushruta is famous for his pioneering procedures and

techniques.

His important treatise Sushruta Samhita, or Sushruta

Compendium which was the primary source of surgical
knowledge in ancient India.
Sushruta Samhita
Sushruta Samhita :

Written in Sanskrit

One of the earliest writings in the subject of medicine and

dating back to before Christ.

It is considered one of the 'Great Trilogy of Ayurvedic

Medicine,' as it is one of the pillars of the ancient Hindu
type of medicine known as Ayurveda.

Has 184 chapters and contains descriptions of 1,120

illnesses, 700 medicinal plants, 64 mineral preparations,
and 57 preparations according to animal sources.
Most representative work
, medical text, Susruta Samhīta
Sushruta Samhita
Expert in plastic surgery & ophthalmic surgery (eye surgery).

Practice medicine along the banks of the Ganges River in northern India

Regarded as a powerful healer and sage whose abilities were attributed to the gods.

Made major contributions to surgical procedures such as sewing sutures with the
head of an ant.

Introduce the function of wine to dull the pain of surgical incisions.

Patients were advised to drink wine significantly before an operation in order to
induce sleep or reduce the senses to a stupor during procedures such as rhinoplasty.
The patient was bound to a low-lying wooden table to restrict movement.

These techniques were used to treat a range of ailments including nose and cheek
reconstruction, hernia surgery, caesarian section birth, prostate removal, tooth
extraction, cataract removal, wound and internal bleeding treatment, and many others.
Ancient surgical instruments
used by Sushruta
 Hakim Ajmal
Khan Pioneered research in Unani Medicine with
modern scientific parameters in the 1920s.

Earned the title of "Massiha-e-Hind", or "The Proposed the absorption of Western ideas and
Healer of India", or "Massih-ul-Mulk", or Healer concepts into the Unani system of medicine.
of the Nation.

Saved Unani Medicine from extinction in India

Credited with developing and patenting some
and infused new life into the decaying Unani
84 different Unani herbal formulas with an
system of medicine
almost magical efficacy.

Took great interest in the expansion and development To recognise his role and contribution in the
of the Unani system of medicine and built three development of the aforementioned system, the
important institutions eg.Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has declared
Delhi, which expanded research and practice in the field his birthday as “World Unani Day”

Charaka Samhita
Born : 1st Century CE
Died : 2nd Century CE
Fields in Scientific career : Medicine
Active year is from 6th to 5th century BCE
First physician to present the concept of digestion, metabolism
and immunity.
Fundamentals of genetics since knew the factors determining the
sex of a child.
Stated that a genetic defect in a child was because ovum or
sperm of the parents.
Studied the anatomy of the human body and various organs and
according to the disease used matural flora as the friendly
remedies.
Charaka Samhita

He explained the three dosha (principles);

1. Movement (vata),
2. Transformation (pitta) and
3. Lubrication and Stability (kapha) in a living body.
These doshas are also sometimes called as humours – bile,
phlegm and wind.
These doshas are produced when dhatus (i.e., blood, flesh and
marrow) act upon the food eaten.
One of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system of
medicine and lifestyle developed.
One of six disciples of Ayurvedic scholar Punarvasu Atreya (the
other five disciples were Bhela, Jatukarna, Parashara, Harita, and
Ksharapani).
Charaka Samhita
The contents in Charaka Samhita are divided into 120 chapters in eight specific Sthanas or
partitions. They are:

Sutra Sthana (30 chapters) - General guide on the core philosophy and beliefs of
Ayurveda, and the requisite approach towards treatment
Nidana Sthana (8 chapters) - Eight primary diseases and their causes
Vimana Sthana (8 chapters) - Ideological advice for practitioners on taste, recommended
diet and training
Sharira Sthana (8 chapters) - Explanations of the anatomy of the human body
Indriya Sthana (12 chapters) - Diagnosis and prognosis
Chikitsa Sthana (30 chapters) - Specialized treatment methods
Kalpa Sthana (12 chapters) - Methods on how medicines must be prepared for accurate
treatment
Siddhi Sthana (12 chapters) - Overall health advice
The final two chapters are attributed to Dridhabala, who is said to have been active
around the 4th century CE.

 SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION

1. Treatment for filariasis (elephant foot)

Yellapragada Subbarow
- discovered diethylcarbamazine ( type of drug used for treatment)
-there was hesitation for years due to certain unpleasant side effect like
nausea.
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION
2. Treatment of atlantoaxial facetal distraction and craniovertebral realignment.

Dr. Atul Geol of Mumbai's KEM Hospital

- in neurosurgery, creating an innovative technique
-better alternative to the conventional procedure of surgery via the mouth.
 SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION

3. Treatment for Visceral Leishmanias (Kala-azar / black fever)

Upendranath Brahmachari
- discovered Urea Stibamine, type of drug (treatment for Visceral Leishmanias )
- tropical disease caused by protozoa : Leishmania

Upendranath
Leishmania Brahmachari
 SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION
4. Yoga
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya and Swadi Vivekananda
- Hatha Yoga was strongly promoted in India ( 1920's and 30's)
-improve strength, flexibility, and balance, stress level decreased and many
theraputic benefits provided.
-Hatha Yoga bring peace to the mind and body, preparing the body for deeper
spiritual practices like meditation.
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION
5. Siddha
Traditional medical system which was developed in southern India
uses matel, minerals, chemical products to preserve body from
decomposing.
one main aspect of Siddha system is pulse reading. (developed by
practitioners of the past)
Basic concept is basic concepts are similar to Ayurveda.
Difference:
- predominance of Vata, Pitta, Kapha in childhood, adulthood, and
old age respectively
- In Ayurveda, it is totally reversed ;
cont.

- Kapha : dominant in childhood

- Vata : dominant in old age

References
1. Ayurveda. 2021. Charaka Samhita | Birth of Ayurveda | First Medical Literature | Kerala Ayurveda. [online]
Available at: <https://www.keralatourism.org/ayurveda/history/evolution-literature/charaka-samhita>
2.Pharmacology Laboratory,(2017) Institute of PG Teaching and Research In Ayurveda IPGT and RA- Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816487/

3. Aminabhavi, T. M. (2014). Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical practice. Nikkei Asia. Retrieved from
https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Science/Ayurveda-the-ancient-Indian-medical-practice

4. Pandey, M. M., Rastogi, S., & Rawat, A. K. (2013). Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/376327